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Actor, metaphor of the, 120–1Adorno, Theodor, 146Anderson, Benedict, 12–13, 18,

46–52, 60, 68Anti-Semitism, 144Argumentation strategies, 75Asylum-seekers, 75, 141Atlantic divide, 176Audience studies, 96, 98, 102, 104,

115Autocracy

metaphorical language of, 125

Baltic States, 149–69Banal nationalism, 14, 48, 71, 95–6,

101–2Bauman, Zygmunt, 145Benjamin, Walter, 13, 49–50, 52Bhabha, Homi, 51, 54, 67, 69 n7Billig, Michael, 14, 18, 95, 100–2Body

metaphor of the, 121–2Boundaries, 3, 4, 10, 34, 50, 65, 70,

71, 97, 150, 154, 159, 162, 166,171–2

Brubaker, Rogers, 2–3, 11–12Bruner, Jerome, 195, 206Business corporation

elaboration of the metaphor of the,131

metaphor of the, 122

Campbell, David, 154, 158, 194, 198Carr, David, 195–7, 206 n1Castells, Manuel, 144Castoriadis, Cornelius, 139Categories of analysis, 11Categories of practice, 11Categorisation, 3–4, 6, 9, 10, 33, 34,

79, 81, 199China

metaphorical uses in, 126, 128Christianity, 121, 140, 182

Citizenship, 75, 79, 81, 82, 84, 139,148, 155, 156, 159, 163, 165–6, 180

Civil society, 73, 138, 148Civilisation, 38, 90, 149, 150, 152,

159, 161, 172, 174–8, 179–81discourse of, 183–6

Civilising, 177, 179, 181Closeness deficit, 73Co-construction of identity, 74, 78,

79Communication, 13, 25–44, 73, 79,

82, 83, 86, 96, 146 Community of values, 76, 182, 202Congregation

metaphor of the, 123Consent

metaphorical uses and, 120–8Constitutionalism

metaphorical language of, 125Constructivism, 4–6, 8, 10, 12, 152–4,

194, 203, 209–10metaphors of, 132–3self-organisation and, 133–4

Context-dependent, 74see also Recontextualisation

Cooper, Robert, 175–7, 181Copenhagen School, 153Cosmopolitanism, 137, 143, 147, 148,

179, 180, 185–6Crisis, 174, 179, 183Critical Discourse Analysis, 17–18Cultural intimacy, 112–13Cybernetic device

metaphorical replacement and,133–5

self-organisation and, 133–4Cyberspace, 71, 91Cyprus, 98–108

Decline, 171, 173, 174, 179–81Decoding

demotic, 102dominant, 102

233

Index

Deixis, 14, 61, 99–102Denmark, 45–69Dinesen, Isak, 45, 68 n2Discourse Theory, 17–18 Dissent, 113

elaborations of metaphor and,128–31

metaphor and, 120metaphorical replacement and, 132

Dugri, 40

Education, 5, 14, 34, 35, 38, 48, 80,158

English School, 151Epistemic communities, 76Equality, 47, 76, 89, 90, 122, 137, 185 Essed, Philomena, 144Essentialism, 4, 15, 96, 107, 109, 112,

113, 159, 209Estonia, 149–69Ethnic codes, 26–9Ethnic discourse, 25, 36, 41Ethnic sub-codes, 26–9Ethnies, 7Ethno-symbolism, 6–7European identity, 1, 21, 78, 79, 85, 90,

160–4, 179, 182, 186, 190–3, 195,197, 210, 202, 204, 205, 211–12

European Union, 1, 57, 69 n1, 70, 74,83, 89, 132, 160, 161, 163, 171,174, 176

Enlargement, 1, 75, 83, 139, 143, 153,181, 191, 196

Exclusion, 79, 81–2, 90–1, 93, 139,146, 158, 159, 185

Experience, 3, 26–7, 36, 38, 53, 80Extreme right, 141, 144, 145, 146–7

Face-keeping device, 86, 88Fact

establishment of, 17, 47, 51, 55, 64,203

Familyelaboration of the metaphor of,

130–1metaphor of the, 123–4

Football, 142 Fortress Europe, 71

discourse of, 180–5

Foucault, Michel, 16–17, 171France, 71, 135, 140, 141, 146, 170Freud, Sigmund, 144

Gardenelaboration of the metaphor of,

129–30metaphorical uses of, 124

Gellner, Ernest, 5, 8, 9, 47, 48Genres, 27, 45, 49, 63, 71, 82Geopolitics, 174, 191, 193 Geopolitical logic, 202, 203, 206Globalisation, 75, 92, 139, 144, 145,

152, 180, 184, 211Greece, 95–116Group identity, 28, 68, 79

Habermas, Jürgen, 88, 93 n3, 178–81,185

Harmonyas political metaphor, 126

Herzfeld, Michael, 113Heterodynamic sub-codes, 28–9Historiography, 45–69Hobbes, John, 138Hobsbawm, Eric, 7, 8Homodynamic sub-codes, 28–9Hybrid public space, 82

Identification, 2, 4, 8–9, 10, 12, 13–14

Identity development, 30Ideology, 5, 17, 26, 34, 35, 36–9, 75,

180Imagined Communities, 12, 46–52,

60, 68Immigration, 43, 71, 79–80, 82,

140–6Inclusion, 79, 81–2, 90–1, 93, 158,

163Industrialisation, 5Intercultural communication, 29, 32,

41Islam, 27, 37, 141, 180Islamophobia, 146

Japanmetaphorical uses in, 126

Jenkins, Richard, 10

234 Index

Jews, 26, 30, 32, 40, 140, 144 Jørgensen, A.D., 45, 46, 52–3, 56,

63–8, 68 n1

Kagan, Robert, 173–7, 179, 183, 188n11

Knowledge, 4, 17, 25, 26–8, 32, 50–1,192, 194, 196, 200–1

Latvia, 149–69Lefort, Claude, 139 Legitimisation, 2, 15, 17, 43, 65, 72,

75–6, 79, 85, 94 n11, 157, 171,173, 183, 209–10

Liberalism, 137–49, 178 Lie, John, 139Lithuania, 149–69Locke, John, 138

Machinemetaphorical uses of, 125

Macro structures, 33–4, 38 Marx, Karl, 5, 18Meaning, 2, 3, 9, 14–16, 18, 27, 29,

32, 41, 71, 75, 96, 108, 119,135–6, 157, 172, 192–201, 203,209, 210–11

metaphor and, 119–20metaphorical elaboration and,

128–9metaphorical replacement and, 132

Metaphorconsent and, 120–8meaning and, 119–20political elaboration of, 128–31political uses of, 119–36revolution and, 132–6

Micro structures, 33–4, 38Migrants, 43, 71, 79–80, 82, 140–6Modernity, 5, 139, 146, 175–6Multiculturalism, 6, 75, 137, 140–1,

143–4, 148, 183 Musayara, 32, 40Musical performance

metaphor of, 126

Narrative, 37, 46–7, 49, 51, 58, 65,159, 172, 190–207

Narrative shuttle, 193, 200–2, 204

Nationalism, 138, 143, 182, 186, 188n16

banal, 14, 48, 71, 95–6, 101–2metaphors of, 124theories of, 1–24, 47–8

Nation-state, 1, 12, 55–7, 89, 93 n1,137–9, 141, 143, 145, 186

Netherlands, 71, 80, 138, 140, 145

New Europe, 170–89Nexus of discourses, 71, 74, 82Normative power, 91, 186, 189 n24,

190, 191Norway, 140Novel, 13, 45, 47–52, 67–8

Old Europe, 170–89Orthodox civilisation, 116 n12, 123,

149, 159–60, 164, 166

Pillarisation, 140Poland, 144Post-modern, 3, 6, 13, 46, 154, 175–7,

181–3Power, 13, 15–18, 33, 43, 73, 92,

139, 150–1, 158, 173–8, 184,185–6, 188 n11, n20, 198, 199,202, 208, 210, 211, 212

metaphor and, 119–20metaphorical elaboration and,

128–9revolutions and, 135–6

Primordialism, 4, 6Productive logic, 206Psychology of identification, 2, 8–9

Realism, 150–1Realpolitik, 184, 191–3, 201Recontextualisation, 73Refugees, 109, 111–12, 141Reification, 6, 8, 10–15, 97, 154, 209,

211Renan, Ernest, 60Representation, 71, 72, 74, 76, 93 n3,

158Reproduction circuits, 41–2Republicanism, 138, 141Return to Europe, 163, 191, 196, 197,

201, 204

Index 235

Revolutionmetaphorical replacement as, 132–6

Ricoeur, Paul, 197, 200–2Rumsfeld, Donald, 162, 170–1Russia, 123, 149–69Rydgren, Jens, 72, 147

Salecl, Renata, 144Saussure, Ferdinand de, 16, 21 n1Secularism, 121, 137, 138, 141, 178Securitisation, 152–4, 157, 181, 182Security, 145, 146, 149–69, 181–2,

190–207Security dilemma, 150Self-esteem, 8–9Self-organisation

see Cybernetic deviceShip

elaboration of the metaphor of, 129

metaphor of the, 126–7Smith, Adam, 133, 138Smith, Anthony, 6, 209Social Identity Theory, 3Social movements, 145 Societal security, 150, 153, 156, 157,

164–6Soviet nationality policy, 11 Soviet Union, 134, 135, 149, 153,

156, 162, 165Strategic logic, 202, 203, 204, 206

Strategic rationality, 191, 201, 203Structuration, 29, 35, 41Suny, Ronald, 11

Tajfel, Henri, 9Team

metaphorical use of the idea of the,127

Television news, 95, 97, 98, 109, 115n3

Theatremetaphor of the world as a, 121

Theory of Relevance, 85Third Way, 145Tolerance, 30, 137–8, 140–1, 145Topoi, 71, 78, 88, 94 n10Turkey, 97, 99, 101, 103–5, 107, 113

USSR, 11, 154, 155, 162see also Soviet Union

Utilitarianism, 35, 38

Viewers analytical, 104–5critical, 96, 103

Wæver, Ole, 152–3White, Hayden, 51, 194–202, 206

Zoological collectionsmetaphor of, 127–8

236 Index