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Index of Biblical Texts
Leviticus 19:18 139
2 Kings 5:1–19a 98
Isaiah 5:8–9 142Isaiah 61:1–4 143
Amos 2:6–7 142
Matthew 6:10 170Matthew 6:33 170Matthew 22:15–22 115Matthew 25:31–40 140Matthew 28:16–20
53, 73
Mark 3:13–19a 53Mark 6:6b-13 53Mark 7:24–30 171Mark 9:35 137Mark 12:28–31 139
Luke 4:14–30 144Luke 10:25–37 90Luke 14:11 137
John 1:1–17 67, 91John 4: 1–42 90John 6:38 137John 10:14–16 91John 13:13–15 138John 17 96John 17:10–11 90
Acts 2: 46–47 116Acts 5:12–16 53Acts 6:1–6 51–2, 140Acts 8:1–5 2,
114, 170Acts 9:1–30 2Acts 10:9–16 171Acts 11:19–21 170
Acts 11:27–30 3Acts 12:1–5 114Acts 13:1–5 170Acts 15:1–35 2, 89Acts 16:9–10 170Acts 17:1–15 186Acts 17:22–25 90Acts 17:30–32 90
Romans 13:1–7 117Romans 13:8–10 139Romans 15:25–29 3
1 Corinthians 9:4–14 41 Corinthians 11:23–26 138
2 Corinthians 5:18–19 672 Corinthians 8:1–7 32 Corinthians 9:1–5 3
Galatians 2:11–13 171Galatians 3:28
141, 170
Ephesians 6:7–9 141
Philippians 2:3–7 137Philippians 4:15–16 4
Colossians 3:22–25 141Colossians 4:12–18 4
1 Timothy 2:1–4 1161 Timothy 3:8–10 521 Timothy 5:3–14
52, 140
Philemon 141, 170
James 1:26–27 114
1 Peter 2:16–21 142
225
226 Index of Biblical Texts
1 John 2:15–17 1151 John 2:18–20 51 John 3:23–24 61 John 4:1–6 51 John 4:19–21 137
3 John 5–10 5
Revelation 21:1–4 172Revelation 22:1–2 172
Name Index
Note: NT denotes a New Testament name; CS denotes a case study name.
Aadland, F., 62Abell, P., 165Adkins, J., 59Adler, P., 74Agabus (NT), 2Aiken, M., 150Alchian, M., 157Ali, H., 64–5, 67, 122, 124–5Alvesson, M., 163Amirkhanyan, A., 64Ammerman, N.T., 120Anderson, S., 121Angell, O.V., 155Archippus (NT), 4Axelrod, R., 103
Bäckström, A., 112, 136, 151–2,156, 202
Badham, R., 40Baker, C., 121, 173Ballard, P., 80Barker, E., 20, 122Barnabas (NT), 3, 88–9, 170–1Barradell, Maggie, xvBecker, P.E., 154Beckford, J.A., 17, 19, 122, 154Bekkers, R., 144–5Bellamy, J., 120Benedict, rule of, 73Benson, J.K., 10, 64, 153Bentham, J., 159Berger, P.L., 10, 119Beyer, J.M., 126Bibby, R.W., 69Biebricher, T., 67Bielefeld, W, 56, 151Billis, D., 147, 150Bolden, D.A., 92–3Bomford, R., 21, 93Bradford, D.L., 40
Bradstock, A., 147Brierley, P., 189Brown, Malcolm, 80Brown, Michael, 162Bruce, S., 18Buchanan, C. xvBuchanan, D., 38, 40–1, 64, 77, 159,
162, 177, 197Buller, P.F., 179Burke, E., 119Burns, A., 22, 180Butler, D.M., 26Byrd, M., 62
Cabage, L.N., 61Cairns, B., 150Calley, M.J.C., 19Cameron, H.E., 57, 145, 155Campbell, D., 66, 120Caputo, R., 145Carabain, C.L., 145Carr-Gomm, Richard, 59–61Carver, M.L., 64Casanova, J., 19Cavan, R., 19Cephas (Peter) (NT), 171Chafetz, J.S., 65Chapin, F.S., 6, 20Chapman, R., 123–5Chaves, M., 12, 14, 58, 66, 92, 152Child, J., 35, 41Choe, J-H., 153–4Christensen, S., 163Clark, D.B., 93Claudius (NT), 3Cleveland, W.S., 56, 151Cnaan, R.A., 146Cohen, A.R., 40Cole Durham, W., 54Cormode, D.S., 60
227
228 Name Index
Daft, R.L., 100, 102, 160–2,175–8, 181
Davidson, J.D., 154Davie, G. ix, 112, 136, 151–2, 156, 202Davis, F., 65, 124, 147de Jong, A., 75de Tocqueville, A., 119Deakin, N., 122Dean, Hartley, xvDemerath III, N.J., 23, 60Demsetz, H., 157DiIulio, J.J., 146DiMaggio, P., 7, 21, 64, 94, 126, 146,
150, 158, 163, 181Dinham, A., 67, 122, 149, 202Diotrephes (NT), 4Dittes, J.E., 21Dodson, K.D., 61Dorsett, J.H., 10, 64, 153Douma, S., 158Drane, J., 198Dukes, Deborah, xvDulles, A., 129Duncan, R.B., 198Dunlap, K., 17Dyck, B., 73
Ebaugh, H.R., 58–9, 65Ecclestone, G.S., 112–13, 118Edgardh, N., 153Elijah (NT), 144Elisha (NT), 98, 144Elster, J., 158Engahl, R.L., 68Epaphras (NT), 4
Farnell, R., 100, 120, 146–8, 172, 174Farnsley, A.E., 147Fiedler, F.E., 178Fink, J., 75Finke, R., 77Finneron, D., 146–7Fischer, R.L., 67Flanigan, S.T., 63Forster, Roger and Faith (CS), 47–9Foucault, M., 40Fraser, Jeremy, xvFritz, D., 32
Gill, R., 18Göçmen, I. 56Goldman, M.S., 20Goodhead, Andrew (CS), 82–3Gorringe, T.J., 169Grønbjerg, K.A., 60Grossman, S.J., 157
Hackett, C., 148–9Hackworth, J., 152Hall, L.M., 154Hammond, P.E., 23, 117, 189Hammonds-Smith, M., 146Hare, R.M., 159Harris, M. xi, xiv, 105, 145, 147,
149–51, 154–5Hart, O.D., 157Hartman, L.P., 162Herman, N.J., 26, 62Herod (NT), 114–15Heskins, J., 154Higgins, L.M., 155Hinings, C., 10Hofstede, G., 174Hong, Y.J., 62Hopewell, J.F., 154Howard, J., 126Hsu, B.Y., 148–9Huang, X., 175Huczynski, A.A., 38, 40–1, 64, 77, 159,
162, 177, 197Hutchison, R., 150Hyun, J.K., 64
Iannaccone, L.R., 21Ibrahim, N., 32Isaiah (NT), 142–3Ivereigh, A., 65
Jackson, E.F., 145Jackson, J., 21Jackson, R., 149, 202James, apostle (NT), 114James, the brother of Jesus (NT), 171Jawad, R., 149–54, 174Jeavons, T.H., 55, 64, 69, 122Jeong, H.O. xi, 120Jesus Christ (NT) xii, 3–5, 47, 50, 52–3,
67, 72–3, 77, 80, 88–91, 96–8,
Name Index 229
108, 114–15, 136–43, 170–1,185–6, 190
Jobling, R., 21John, the apostle (NT), 114John, writer of the Gospel of John
(NT), 91John Paul, Pope, 77Johnsen, S., 58Johnson, D., 94, 100, 147Jones, R.K., 20Jones, P., 25Judas called Barsabbas (NT), 89
Kearns, K., 58Kemper, R.V., 59Kinney, N.T., 64Klenowski, P.M., 61Kniss, F., 92Knoke, D., 154
La Barbera, P.A., 66Labanow, C.E., 78Lambright, K., 64Langan, M., 75Laughlin, R.C., 16Lawrence, P.R., 200–1Lé Mon, M.M., 148, 151, 155, 202Leader, Mike (CS), 133Leis-Peters, A., 155Leonard, R., 120Lewin, K., 178Lewins, F., 44Lewis, J.W., 32Littlefield, M.C., 50Lloyd, Sarah, xivLocke, M., 145Lofland, J., 20London, Bishop of, 80Lorsch, J.W., 200–1Lowndes, V., 122–5, 149Luke (NT), 4, 143Lukes, S., 40Lukka, P., 145Lurkings, E.H., 21
Malone-Atkins, D., 146Mao, W., 31March, J., 41Mares, A.S., 145
Martin, D. ix, 22, 97, 145Mayo, E., 163McCann, J.F., 69McKenzie, B.D., 146McSweeney, B., 175Meyer, J.W., 6, 9Mill, J.S., 159Miller, K.D., 32Mintzberg, H., 42, 158Moberg, D.O., 18Modood, T., 119Moher, L.B., 176Monahan, S.C., 43Moreno, J.L., 39Morgan, G., 9, 54, 129Moscovici, S., 42Moses (NT), 88–9, 91Muhammad, 98Mullins, L.J., 13–14, 62, 175, 197Mullins, D., 59
Naaman (NT), 98, 144Nairn, A., 163Nash (equilibrium), 37Nauss, A., 26Nelson, S., 60Netting, F.E., 58, 60Newman, Liz, xvNiebuhr, H.R., 18, 22Nitterhouse, D., 68Noble, D.F., 78
O’Neill, B., 122Ockenden, N., 150Owens, M.L., 147
Paine, A.E., 150Park, J.Z., 58, 146Paton, R., 64–5, 67, 122, 124–5Paul (NT), 2–4, 6, 15, 88–91, 114, 116,
137–9, 141, 170–1, 185–6Paulhus, E., 147Pawson, H., 59Pearson, G., 197Pessi, A.B., 155–6Peter (NT), 88, 114, 171, 201Pettersson, P., 2, 140–1, 148–9,
151, 156Pfeffer, J., 39
230 Name Index
Philemon (NT), 141, 170Philip (NT), 51Pipes, P.F., 65Powell, W., 7, 21, 64, 94, 126, 146,
150, 158, 163, 181Putnam, R., 119, 173
Richardson, J.T., 20Rigby, Lee, 111, 134Riordan, P., 130Ritzer, G., 34, 198Roberts, Cllr Chris (CS), 166Robinson, Alan (CS), 166Rochester, C. xiv, 8, 58, 149, 151, 154Rowan, B., 6, 9
Sacks, J., 119Sager, R., 145Saliba, J.A., 20Sandberg, R., 53Saul (Paul) (NT), 3, 114, 170Saunders, Cicely (CS), 82, 84Scheitle, C.P., 54, 119Schneider, J.A., 119–20Schreuder, H., 158Schwadel, P., 122Scott, W.R., 163Shaw, M., 67Sherkat, D.E., 20Sherman, J.D., 62Sherwin, D.S., 160, 162Sider, R.J., 56–7, 61Silas (NT), 89, 185–6Simeon (Simon) (NT), 88Sinha, J.W., 60Skjørshammer, M., 62Skocpol, T., 119Smart, J.J.G., 159Smith, C., 146Smith, H.L., 62Smith, R.D., 147Snyder, S., 147, 155–6Southwark, Bishop of, xv, 12, 16, 97Stanley, M., 18Stephen (NT), 51, 114Stephens, L.S., 145Stone, M.M., 60Stopford, J., 36Stuart, J., 150
Sutton, J.R., 12Swartz, D., 60, 64Sweeney, James, xivSykes, S.W., 96Szwajkowski, E., 161
Tamney, J.B., 96, 100, 147Taylor, F., 26Taylor, L., 64–5, 67, 122, 125Taylor, M., 126Thompson, K.A., 7, 10–12, 21, 97,
103, 198, 200Thorley, S., 98–100, 130Thung, M.A., 69Timothy (NT), 186Titus (NT), 3Todd, A., 85Trevino, L.K., 162Troeltsch, E., 18Tsitsos, W., 58Tsouderos, J.E., 6, 20Tuckman, B.W., 123Turner, B.S., 95
Unruh, H.R., 56–7, 61
Valasik, C., 155Valins, O., 69van Billoen, E., 15Van de Vliert, E., 175
Wagner, A., 121Weber, M., 11, 20, 30, 48Weller, P., 123Wells, L., 36Wiepking, P., 144Williams, B., 159Willmott, H., 163Wilson, B.R., 20, 32Wilson, J., 20Wilson, Susie, 108Wind, J.P., 32Wineburg, R.J., 66, 146, 154Wittberg, P., 77Wolpert, J., 68Wood, J.R., 93, 153Wood, M.M., 60Woodhouse, Bart (CS), 183Woodward, J., 200
Name Index 231
Wright, B., 20Wuthnow, R., 120, 148–9, 151
Yaghi, A., 63Yankoski, L., 58Yeung, A.B., 145
Yinger, J.M., 94Yip, J., 63Young, P., 105
Zech, C., 31Zygmunt, J.F., 19
Subject Index
accountability, 8, 13, 16, 24–9, 35, 68,124, 174
multidirectional, 24–5, 27, 192mutual, 4, 27, 191network, 15, 24, 28–9, 33, 85,
188, 192accounts, financial. see financial
accountingacquisition of company, 101–2action research, 179adoption agency. see agency, adoptionadvice centre, 50, 148, 155Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration
Service, 95advocacy, 58, 65, 121, 162affective activity, 56, 94Africa, 175African-American, 12, 50agency, 2, 59, 65, 154, 166
activity, 94adoption, 75development. see development
agencymission. see mission organization
agentchange, 26social, 152sales, 101see also principal/agent theory
aim, 44, 48, 66, 94, 176, 187see also organizational aim
Alpha Course, 77altruism, 127, 156ambiguity, 9–11, 17, 23, 39, 71, 83, 98,
114–15, 177, 191ambiguous sphere/zone, 54–5, 126Amish, 19–20Anglican Communion, 33–4, 36,
70, 76bureaucratization of, 34
annual report, 128, 195anointing of the sick, 53, 83
apostle, 51–3, 73, 80, 88–9, 114,140, 201
appointment, 10, 12, 14, 17, 29–32,43, 51–2, 76, 82–3, 88, 90, 105–6,116, 122–5, 131–3, 140, 181
criteria, 58–9appraisal, mutual, 13, 27–8arbitration, 2, 95Archbishop of Canterbury, 11, 131archdeacon, 10, 22, 30, 39, 46, 60area dean, 10, 39armed forces, 85Ascension Trust, 155aspiration. see discourse, aspirationalassociation, 17, 49, 52, 76, 95, 105–6,
119, 124, 155, 192, 199housing. see housing associationresidents’. see residents’ association
asylum rights, 147attendance at congregation, 19, 21,
26, 183, 189authoritative mediation. see
mediation, authoritativeauthority/-ies, 40, 68, 178
biblical. see Bible, authority ofbureaucratic, 15, 29, 38charismatic, 28, 68civic, 94, 112, 123, 125, 132–5,
150–1, 174, 185. see alsoauthority/-ies, secular
contestable, 36denominational/diocesan, 2, 9–10,
12–16, 25–9, 33–4, 42–4, 46,75–6, 80, 92–3, 95, 97, 103–4,113, 130, 147, 179–80
distributed, 62education, 61employing, 31figure, 84–5institutional. see institutions,
authority ofinternational, 17
232
Subject Index 233
Jewish. see Jewish authoritieslocal, 7, 17, 75, 118, 131, 163–4,
168, 172, 181mediated, 191network of, 24, 28of apostles, 52of bishop. see bishop, authority ofof congregation member. see
member, authority ofof constitution, 193of culture, 191of God, 190of Jesus, 53of minister. see minister, authority
of; clergy, authority ofof religious institutions, 202planning, 7primary, 13, 19, 25, 44, 49, 76public, 58–9, 161regulatory, 7, 160, 176ruling, 116–17secular, 23, 59, 112–13, 115–16,
130, 152, 174. see alsoauthority/-ies, civic
subsidiary, 28, 92, 103,190–2
tax, 54traditional, 14–15, 25, 28, 33–4,
68, 191see also authority structure
authority structure, 201bureaucratic, 1, 14, 34, 68complex, 198democratic, 1external, x, 8–9, 13, 18, 25, 27, 33,
35–6, 39, 42, 45, 47, 107, 120,122, 128, 138, 153, 179, 188,190–3
hierarchical, 62, 104internal, x, 8, 25, 42–3, 104, 107national, 15position of, 201primary, x, 9, 25, 34, 36, 42, 45, 76,
103–4, 107, 130, 136, 138,165, 190
regional, 15, 123–4relativization of, 137–8, 165secondary, 36, 191
subsidiary, 14, 25, 42–3, 45, 128,138, 188, 190–1, 193
unitive, 33see also authority
automation, 78autonomy, 11, 17–18, 30–1, 34–5,
42–3, 47, 103, 153, 164, 175,188, 197
Baha’i, 111, 134bankruptcy, 161baptism, 53, 92Baptist Church, 31, 54, 92, 132bargaining, 37–8, 41, 100
surplus, 37Beacon Project, 182–3behaviour, organizational. see
organizational behaviourBenedictine order, 73benefice, 23, 129benefit, public. see public benefitbenefits, social security, xv, 80, 165–6bereavement counselling, 147Bible, 82, 104, 183
authority of, xii, 98, 190–1interpretation of, 19, 45study group, 26see also scripture
bible society, 199biblical texts, x, xii, xvi, xvii, 2–6, 45,
51–3, 87–91, 108, 113–17,136–44, 170–2, 185
Big Lunch, 183Billy Graham Evangelistic
Association, 199bishop, xviii, 1, 10, 12–14, 16, 24, 29,
31, 35, 44, 76–7, 97, 112, 118,133, 153, 201
accountability of, 13, 25appointment of, 29–30area, 30authority of, 1–15, 17, 24–5, 40bureaucratization of, 39, 46obedience to, 25secularization of, 15suffragan, 30
Bishop of London, 80Bishop of Southwark, xv, 97Bishop’s Mission Order, 14
234 Subject Index
black majority church. see church,black majority
board of directors/trustees, 35, 59, 60,63–4, 68, 96, 107, 109, 129, 150,161, 163, 166
bonus scheme, 73, 175Book of Common Prayer, 24, 201borough, churches of, 132–3, 136Borough Commander, 110, 132Borough Dean. see Ecumenical
Borough Deanboundary
around congregation, 93–4, 119–22,145, 191
between denominations, 87, 91between faiths, 87between governance and
activity, 107between sectors, 151clergy-laity, xviiclosed, 5–6, 19, 20–1, 91, 191crossing cultural, 174cultural, 174fuzzy, 9, 107open, 21–2, 174permeable, 18, 193spanner, 43, 119, 130, 151
bounded rationality, 176brand, 17, 100, 198bridge
between sectors, 130influence across, 6linguistic, 130organizational, 107religious-secular, 23, 69–70, 84system
Buddhism, 134, 175budget
faith-based, 68welfare. see welfare budget
buildingproject, 7, 82, 92religious, 50, 97, 99, 108–9, 112,
118, 126, 147, 149, 155, 166,174, 182
bureacracy, 2, 14, 22, 27, 93company, 179denominational. see
denominational bureaucracy
diocesan. see diocesan bureaucracygovernment, 118loose, 30, 39secular, 14see also denomination, as
bureaucracybureaucratic
authority structure. see authoritystructure, bureaucratic
behaviour, 22, 28, 46experience, 93–4links, 12management, 12, 76methods, 12, 34, 118model, 8organization, 7, 41structure. see structure, bureaucratic
bureaucratization, 34of congregation, 34, 46of denominational/diocesan
structures, 2, 7, 10–12, 15, 17,19, 33–4, 43, 96–7
of federation, 21of mission activity, 12of voluntary organizations, 8,
150, 199partial, 34see also Anglican Communion
business consultant, 101
café, 147canon law, 24–5, 193, 201canon residentiary, 30capital
financial, 126, 163human, 126intellectual, 197organizational, 127political, 121productive, 126religious, 121, 173social, 119–20, 126, 148, 151, 173,
202spiritual, 121, 173
careduty of, 161health. see health careholistic, 83immediate, 58
Subject Index 235
palliative, 82pastoral, xvii–xviii, 23–4, 71, 83quiet, 121, 145, 147, 152, 155, 174small-group, 122social, 172spiritual, 83–4
careerprofessional, 7, 29–33progression, 29–30prospects, 127structure. see structure, careersee also clergy, career
carers’ and toddlers’ group, 163–4,183–4
Caritas, 65carol service, 84, 183Carr-Gomm Society, 59–61cartel, 102–3, 157cathedral, 16, 30, 33Catholic Agency for Overseas
Development (CAFOD) 154centralization, 11–12, 17–18, 21, 36chain of command, 30, 37chair
of board, 35, 60, 107of church council, 25, 129of district (Methodist) 16, 46of meeting, 112of organization, 132–3, 184
challengesdefences against, 187facing companies, 103, 177facing voluntary organizations, 151,
186–8, 194–5facing faith-based organizations,
151, 185–6, 188–97facing religious organizations, ix,
xii, 67, 151, 185–6, 188–94,96–7
facing teams, 178Chamber of Commerce, 17change
agent. see agent, changechallenges, 196–7in communities. see new and
changing communitiesin company, 42, 100, 174–9, 197–8in denomination, 97
in faith-based organization, 59,66–9, 72, 75, 156
in religious organization, 26, 32, 44,67, 73, 119–20, 153–4, 156, 169,181, 189, 191, 198–9, 201–2
in voluntary organization, 150–1isomorphic. see isomorphismmanagement of, 19, 176, 179, 193process of, 178social, 154, 174, 196–7technological, 197unpredictable, 198see also conversion
chaos, 177–8chaplain
Christian, 85, 108, 111hospice, 81–5, 106hospital, 78, 84–5, 99–100, 106industrial. see chaplain, workplacemanagement of, 84–5, 110–11military, 85multi faith. see multi faith
chaplaincypolice, 110, 132prison, 78, 81–2, 85, 99–100,
106, 110university, 78, 84–5, 106workplace, xv, 71–3, 78, 80, 82,
84–6, 99–100, 106–7, 109–11charismatic
authority. see authority, charismaticleadership, 19–20, 48–9, 68,
177–8, 199renewal, 77
charitableactivity, 61company, 48giving, 128, 144, 195purpose. see purpose, charitablestatus, 128trust, xv, 47, 54, 70, 128–9, 155
charityexcepted, 53–4, 129faith-based, 7, 54independent, 54, 76law, 54mission organization as, 100public relationship with -s, 196
236 Subject Index
charity – continuedregistration/regulation, 8–9, 17,
53–4, 61, 128, 193religious, 17, 53, 193voluntary organization as, 54
Charity Commission, ix, 7–8, 54,128–9, 147
cheating, 102–3Chief Executive Officer, 35, 40, 107children
admission to communion, 44camps for, 72care for, 140, 155, 165of church member, 105, 145, 183protection/safeguarding, 12,
28–9, 134referral, 75
Children’s Church, 21China, 174–5Christian
action, 168Aid, 50, 121, 153–4, 167, 194–5as servant, 137chaplain. see chaplain, Christiancommunity, 133, 138, 169, 184denomination. see denominationdifferences, 108doctrine, 67, 91, 98early, 2, 47, 51, 70, 114equality of -s, 138experience, 55, 136Faith, 19, 23–5, 52, 59, 67, 82–5,
97, 146Gentile, 87, 89in politics, 174Jewish, 87, 89, 141language, 82liberal, 145minister, 125mission, 68, 71–2, 78organization. see organizations,
Christianprayer, 108–9religion, xi, 84, 169sacred text, xii, 82, 98, 171, 190services, 82–3, 96space, 82symbols, 82tradition, xvii, 61, 114, 152–4
trustees, 59, 111unity, 89, 91, 96. see also ecumenismvolunteering, 144–6worship, 82–3, 96–7, 169, 173, 181
Christmascarols, 84events, 19
church, xviiaffiliated, 48as charity, 54as national organization, 2as sociological category, 18–19,
21–3, 194attendance. see attendanceblack majority, 20, 132–3boundary around, 6building. see building, religiousclosure, 189council, 25–7, 164denominational. see denomination,
as sociological categoryearly -s, 3–6, 15, 116, 137emerging. see emerging churchepiscopal, 14evangelical, 1, 20, 78, 92, 118,
132–3, 190free, 20, 94–5, 118government. see governancegroup of –s, 174hierarchical, 17independent, xvii, 1, 118,
132–3, 190indigenous, 71innovation in. see innovationland, 60leader, 112, 133links between –s, 4member of. see membernew, 2, 48, 169, 173, 180parish. see parish churchparochial, 23pentecostal, 20, 22, 145persecuted, 114–17, 186reformed, 33school. see faith schoolsectarian, 93size of, 2state, 145survival of, 6, 188
Subject Index 237
-s working together, 14, 32, 96, 99,101, 155, 164, 166, 174
type of, 189see also Church; congregation
Church, xviias body of Christ, 129as federation of congregations, 30,
34, 46as holy, catholic, and apostolic, 24as mystical communion, 129as servant, 129authority structure. see authority
structureearly, xii, 52, 170, 189expansion of, 2unity of, 77, 89worship as main purpose, 53see also church
Church Army, 71Church Assembly, 11Church Commissioners, xv, 129Church in Wales, 46Church, Methodist. see Methodist
ChurchChurch, Orthodox. see Orthodox
ChurchChurch, Presbyterian. see Presbyterian
ChurchChurch, Roman Catholic. see Roman
Catholic ChurchChurch, United Reformed. see United
Reformed ChurhChurch Mission Society, 70, 72, 77, 79Church of England, ix, 1, 8, 10–12,
14–15, 17–19, 22–5, 31, 44, 46–7,54, 70, 77, 84, 94–7, 109, 111,117–18, 129, 132–3, 150, 153,168, 182, 184, 192–3, 201
establishment of, 8, 119Church of Scotland, 117Church Pastoral Aid Society, 72Church Representation Rules, 193Churches Together in England, 108churchwarden, 16, 125, 192churchyard, 26circuit (Methodist), 9, 17, 182–3circumcision, 171Citizen’s Income, 167city, 89, 171–2, 174, 185
civicauthorities. see authorities, civicengagement, 5, 125event, 105partnershipsociety. see society, civic
civil society. see society, civilclass
lower, 93middle, 22–3, 93social, see social classworking, 22, 93
clergyaccountability, 24–8, 46allocation of, 13, 15, 18ambiguous position of, 10appointment of, 17, 31, 43, 125appraisal of, 13as channel of communication,
10, 70as channel of control, 43as manager, 26as shepherd, 26authority of, 43bureaucratic, 10, 12, 22, 28career, 29–33. see also careerchaplains, 72, 84chapter, 84church, 22competitive, 103congregational, 28, 43–4, 46, 72,
174, 192declarations, 24–5denominational, xvii, 10, 12, 20,
22–4, 28, 32–3, 43, 45, 94full-time, 23, 29group of, 46, 95, 155, 192hierarchical, 10, 15isomorphism of, 94–5/laity divide, 94licensing of, 17, 24locally rooted, 153, 155management of, 28part-time, 29parochial, 10, 46pastoral demands on, 22professional, 7, 190restrictive practices, 97secularization, 188
238 Subject Index
clergy – continuedstipendiary, 29recruitment, 36relationships with denominational
authorities, 10–14representative, 125, 148traditional authority, 14–15training of, 17, 31–2, 39, 99unpaid, 29welfare function, 2working together, 32, 96, 103see also minister
closure of organization, 92, 187, 189,192–3
club mode, 22–3coaching, 179coercive compliance structure. see
compliance structure, coercivecollaboration, 2, 27, 65, 102, 105collusion, 157commerce, 17, 71committee, 39–40, 80, 132, 134, 166common good, 140communication, 133, 196
channel, 10, 179failure, 35, 146implicit, 61
communionadmission to, 44Anglican. see Anglican CommunionHoly. see Holy Communioninter-, 95–7
communityactivity, 182African-American, 50benefit, 183building, 182, 184-building, 173–4business, 16–17changing. see new and changing
communitiesChristian. see Christian communityconsultation, 174development, 184entire. see community, localethnic, 123faith. see faith communityglobal, ix
group, 112, 119, 122, 131,163–4, 184
institutional, 161local, 18, 22–3, 28, 61, 135, 150,
155, 159, 164, 172–4, 181,184, 193
missional, 70, 72national, 161new. see new and changing
communitiesorganization. see voluntary
organizationresidential, 180rural, 172school. see school, state/communitysector. see voluntary sectorsecular, 69, 180Sikh, 123sustainable, 182trust in, 119urban, 172wider. see community, localworker, 184
company. see firmcompassion, 61, 150competition, 100, 103, 199
theory, 100, 104–5complexity, ix, 11, 40, 58, 63, 74–5,
83, 103, 106–7, 133–4, 145, 147,151, 158, 165, 177–8, 198, 202
complianceof minority, 41reward for, 40
compliance structure, 15, 68coercive, 15, 34, 68normative, 15, 38, 68utilitarian, 15, 68
compromise, 11, 88, 95conflict, ix, 14, 36, 69, 74–5, 141, 160Confucian tradition, 175congregation, xvii, 1
activity of, 7, 21, 34, 94, 113, 147African American, 50as entrepreneur, 181as local branch, 16–17as organization, 17as prototypical religious
organization, 1, 30, 76attendance. see attendance
Subject Index 239
authority/authority structure. seeauthority; authority structure
autonomy of, 30–1, 43, 153boundary around. see boundary
around congregation, 94bureaucratization. see
bureaucratization, ofcongregation
change in, 154. see also changecharateristics of, 11, 138, 173charity registration of, 8–9, 54clergy of. see clergy; ministerclosure of, 92conservative, 153culture of, 45–7defensive, 5denominational, x, 1, 20, 22–3,
32–3, 43–5, 76–7, 93, 104, 113,132, 192–3
diversity of, 18, 92embedded, 155federation of, 1, 2, 9, 11, 18, 20–21,
33, 46–8, 71, 81finances/funding of, 7, 15–16, 71,
129, 147, 174, 187–8governance of. see governancegroups in. see groupgrowth of, 44ideology of, 46–7independent, 4, 29, 94, 192–3informal, 1innovation in. see innovationisomorphism in. see isomorphismJewish, xivleader. see leaderlongevity of, 121management of, xiv, xv, 12–13, 19member of. see membermerger of, 92mortality rate, 121norms of, 32objectives of. see objectivesoffice-holder. see office-holderprimacy of, 16, 18proclamation by, 33, 72–3, 80relationships of. see relationshipssectarian, 145secularization of, 190size of, 26, 189
story of, 32, 45, 154structure of. see structure,
congregationalsurvival of, 92tradition of, 33types of, 18–21, 145worship as main purpose of, 18, 30,
33, 44, 81, 138, 173, 188, 193see also church
consequentialist ethics. see utilitarianethics
constitution, 6, 31, 60–1, 77, 119, 134,183, 193
constraints, 41, 62, 130construction project, 167construction, social. see social
constructionconsultation, 4, 29, 39–41, 112, 125,
135, 174consumer, 198context, 44
cultural, 44, 53, 156, 160, 175–8,180–1
multi-faith, 83, 105New Testament, 116organizational, 74, 181
contingencytheory, 200plans, 100
contractbetween organizations, 109denominational, 12, 28for welfare provision, 122, 149,
156, 163in market, 31, 75, 120, 127, 150,
157–8, 160, 197public sector, 31, 62, 68, 79, 120,
150–1, 186within organization, 17, 73–5,
126–7, 157–8control
bureaucratic, 30, 34, 41–2, 93–4costs, 194denominational, 14, 17, 34, 43–4,
80, 95, 198failure, 35group, 39hierarchical, 76management, 163
240 Subject Index
control – continuednormative, 158of externalities, 161span of. see span of control
conversationopen, 147partner, 124
conversion, 2, 41–2, 88co-operation, 175
ecumenical, 32, 78, 96, 132multi-faith, 100theory, 101–5, 108
Corporate Social Responsibility, 136,158–60, 162
cosmopolitans, 45, 93cost
cutting, 151of externality, 161–2financial, 15–16, 194of monitoring, 157personal, 127production, 37, 100, 101transaction, 75, 156
councilborough/county, 22,108–10, 118,
131–4, 164–6, 184church. see church councilof churches, 93of Jerusalem, 2, 88
counseling, 83, 147, 166, 179creativity, 43, 174, 177–8credit union, 155creditor, 160–1creed, 24–5critic, 178critical, 120
discourse. see discourse, criticaltheory, 136, 163–5voice, 141, 148, 156
critique, social. see social critiquecrowd mode, 22cultural context. see context, culturalculture
British, ixcongregational. see congregation,
culture ofcontract, 28diverse, 152, 175, 180Japanese, 77
national, 10, 33, 146, 174–5, 180of company. see firm, culture ofof congregation. see congregation,
culture ofof service, 136–7of trust, 101, 126–7, 129, 133–4organizational, 38, 82, 126, 160, 180political, 119secular, 189, 11
curate, 35, 72, 132customer, 34, 131–2, 160, 199–200customization, 197–8
Dartford, 182–3deacon, xviii, 24, 35, 51–2, 80
140, 201deanery, 10, 22
synod, 118decentralization, 11, 36, 198decision-making
adaptive, 176administrative model, 176consultative, 175denominational, 113, 117hierarchical, 36–7, 76, 150innovative, 76, 176–7negotiated, 32non-rational, 36, 38political model, 38–41, 177process, 7programmed, 176religious, 42, 45, 59, 64, 66, 75, 130,
152–3routine, 176, 198
declaration of assent, 24delayering, 197democracy, 1, 11, 16demotivation, 35, 69, 154
see also motivationdenomination, x, 1
as brand, 17as bureaucracy, 9–11, 16, 30, 76, 94,
97, 118, 192as federation of congregations, 1,
9–12, 21–3, 28, 45, 47, 81, 194as global organization, 33–4, 96as national organization, 2, 9, 12,
16–17, 96, 112–13
Subject Index 241
as regional organization, 9, 16–17,30, 46, 54
as regulatory authority, 76as sociological category, 18–22,
47–9, 194bureaucratization of. see
bureaucratization, ofdenominational structures
clergy of. see clergy, denominationalcompetition between, 103constitution of, 31, 193co-operation between, 104definition of, 9, 21, 33–4, 43, 81diverse, 192engagement with state, 117–19, 151episcopal, 1, 14, 31, 35, 96finances of, 15–16, 71, 147formalization in. see formalizationinnovation in. see innovationisomorphism of. see isomorphismmainstream, 22, 29, 32, 92, 94management by, 12–13management of, 41–2mission organizations of, 76–80. see
also mission organizationnon-episcopal, 96parties in, 47political activity in, 45, 47relationships between. see
ecumenismsize of, 11theological convictions of, 10,
92, 95see also denominational
denominationalauthority/-ies. see authority/-ies,
denominationalboundary, 89–91, 96bureaucracy, 10, 15–18, 22, 30, 43,
81, 117, 179control. see control, denominationalélite. see élite, denominationalhierarchy. see hierarchy,
denominationalleader. see leader, denominationalmanagement. see management,
denominationalmerger. see merger, of
denominations
organization, 16policy. see policy, denominationalpostholder, 11–13, 16, 22, 30–1, 39,
46, 96–7, 165research and development, 180rules, 97strategy. see strategy,
denominationalstructure. see structure,
denominationalsee also denomination
Department for Communities andLocal Government, 169
Department for Education, 61dependency, 40, 58, 121
path, 121desacralization, 189developing country, 70, 121, 153development
agency, 154, 194building, 109, 182–3community. see community
developmenteconomic. see economic
developmentorganization, 50, 65Organization Development. see
Organization Developmentproject, 70, 159research and. see research and
developmentdeviance, 19, 40diakonein (to serve) 52dialogue, 98–9, 105, 110diocesan
authorities. see authorities,denominational/diocesan
board of finance, 12, 129, 193bureaucracy, 10, 12, 16staff, 46structures. see structure, diocesansynod, 16, 91, 118
diocese, 1, 10, 12, 15, 17–19, 22, 30,44, 77, 193
see also bishopDiocese of Southwark, 12, 16directionlessness, 177director, xiv, 76, 107
board of -s, 35, 60, 107, 150, 152
242 Subject Index
disabilities, people with, 182disciple, 3, 48, 51, 53, 88, 115,
138, 170disciplinary
multi-, 82–4procedures, 22power. see power, disciplinary
discourseaspirational, 173critical, 173–4instrumental, 173sceptical, 173–4
discretion, 27, 198disunity, 96doctrine, 24, 67, 141donor, xv, 54, 128, 200downsizing, 197drug dependency, 58
East Greenwich, 166, 168Parish of, xv, 23, 019
eco initiative, 147economic
approach, 161development, 159environment. see environment,
economicefficiency, 159exchange, 152, 158factors, 161goods, 160, 162incentive, 161influences, 78necessities, 161performance, 160production, 152regeneration, 147
economics, 38, 101, 161economies of scale, 11, 100–1, 176ecumenical/ecumenism, 11, 87–111
activity, 93–4, 97, 99chaplaincy, 100, 108, 110church school. see faith school,
ecumenicalclergy as, 32co-operation. see co-operation,
ecumenicalcourse, 32interdenominational 99
language, 97local, 96, 103management, 12multidenominational, 99national ecumenical body, 95relationships, x, 92–5, 97, 99, 107see also, Christian unity
Ecumenical Borough Dean, 32, 132–4,155, 166
educationauthority. see authority, educationChristian, 199facilities, 182faith-based, 54, 70, 73–4in company, 179mutual, 98, 130needs, 109organization. see organization,
educationalpolicy, ixreligious, 134
efficiency/efficient, 11, 104, 127,157–9, 198
equilibrium, 3elder, 3, 25, 35, 88–9elderly people, 155élite
denominational, 12liberal, 94
emergencyfood, 166planning, 131–4
emerging church, 78emperor, 115–16, 142, 186employee, 58, 62–3, 72, 74, 84–5, 157,
160, 176, 183, 186, 200employment, 50, 166, 184ensoulment, 169entrepreneur, 177–8, 181, 197environment
adaptation to, 6built, 172changing, 42ecological, 159, 162, 169, 182economic, 41, 179, 197–8habitual, 42institutional, 64military, 177organizational, 179, 197–8, 200
Subject Index 243
physical, 161–2, 179, 197relationship with, 9, 41resource, 179, 197–8secular, 20social, 64, 161, 165, 170–1, 179,
197–8, 200see also context; isomorphism
episcopal church. see church,episcopal
Episcopal Church of the United Statesof America, 31
equal opportunities legislation, 58equality, xvii, 28, 49, 75, 137–8, 141,
154, 160, 167, 169estate, housing, 172, 182–4ethics, 19, 94, 158–61, 164
code of, 159, 162committee, 162see also utilitarian ethics
ethnicity, 17, 117, 123Eucharist, xviii, 71, 82, 96–7, 138Europe, ix, 10, 65, 71, 136, 141, 156,
175, 201–2evangelical church. see church,
evangelicalevangelism, 19, 48, 52, 71–2, 90, 147,
164, 183evangelistic organization, 71, 104, 199excepted charity. see charity, exceptedexperiment, 77, 181expert power. see power, expertexpertise, 39, 93, 123, 126, 174, 176
secular, 59exploitation, 165externality, 161extravasation, 189
faith, 3, 51, 53, 55–7, 84and ethnicity, 123basis of, 121boundary of, 87different faiths, 88–91, 97–100, 102,
104–8, 110, 128, 130, 134, 196sector, 124–6teaching of, xviitradition, 24, 55, 63, 67, 99,
104, 106see also inter-faith; multi-faith
Faith and Social Action Officer, 131
faith community, xii–xiii, 2, 67building. see building, religiousChristian. see Christian Faithchaplains authorized by, 84–5conservative member of, 99consultation with, ixjoint venture, 105, 108–10leader, 83, 108–9, 123–5, 134member of, 82, 99, 105, 107, 109,
123–4, 134relationships with secular
institutions, 109–11, 117–19,125, 131–2, 135
representative of, 106, 109, 122–6,131, 133–4
representative body of, 123–5, 134see also inter-faith; multi-faith
Faith in the City, 131faith school, 55, 61, 99, 106, 180–1
ecumenical, 104faith-based organization, x–xii, 50–86
activities of, 58, 68, 122, 136, 146,181
as hybrid, 60, 74, 80, 151. see alsoorganization, hybrid
attached, 7, 50, 58, 60–1, 63–4, 67,69, 70–1, 74–6, 79, 85, 106, 109,121–2, 151, 153, 155,194–6, 200
autonomy of, 164budget, 68challenges, 185–94, 196–7change in, 75characteristics of, xiv, xvi, 51, 55–9,
61–2, 79, 81, 151, 196, 199charitable, 54communication by, 130connected religious organization, 7,
50, 52, 59–61, 63–5, 74, 146contracts, 66, 68, 74, 151, 156, 164definition of, x, 50, 55–6embedded, 155employees in, 62, 149engagement with community, ixenvironment of, 9formalization in. see formalizationfunding of, 50, 58–61, 65–7, 70–1,
74–5, 79, 151, 188, 194, 196governing body of, 66, 75
244 Subject Index
faith-based organization – continuedidentification as, 58, 73in new communities, 173isomorphism in. see isomorphismlocation of, 53, 55–7management of, xi–xii, xiv–xv, 53,
59, 62–3, 79, 81, 156, 201–3merger of, 79–81minister in, 22new, 64, 69–70, 120, 146, 169origins of, 50, 83–4oscillation of, 196outcome measurement, 67purpose of, 52–3regulation of, 7, 54, 128–9relationship with secular
institutions, 113, 120, 129,173–4
secularization of, 60, 63–4self-presentation of, 58social capital in, 119–22social justice activity, 152–3, 164spectrum of, 56–61, 63–4, 66, 6–9,
75, 79–82, 85, 106, 147–8, 196strategy. see strategy, in faith-based
organizationtraining in, 65types of, 57users of, 58–9, 63volunteers in, 148–9wandering, 59–61, 63, 66, 68–70,
75–6, 80, 151–2, 181, 195–6welfare provision by, 146–52, 164.
see also welfare provisionsee also mediating institution
family centre, 182federation of congregations, 18, 33,
47–8, 71see also denomination
fellowship, 150of congregations, 2, 4, 16, 47–9
female. see male/femalefinancial
accounts, 6, 54, 94, 128,161, 157
advice, 50capital. see capital, financialcontribution, 19, 199crisis, 71, 100, 148, 165, 182, 187
health, of company, 162reporting, 68resources, 7, 15–16, 92, 129, 147,
149, 187–8space, 63viability, 74, 189see also diocesan board of finance
Finland, 156firm, 36–41, 100–5, 127, 157, 197
change in. see change in companyclassical, 197competition/co-operation between
–s, 100–3, 105, 157, 175culture, 38, 127, 175–6. see also
culture; normsdecisions in. see decision-makingenvironment, 159. see also
environmentethics of. see ethicsgoals, 38, 40, 176in market, 157large, 100market in, 157modern, 42, 197multinational, 36objective, 36organic, 180political, 41postmodern, 185, 197–8stakeholders. see stakeholderstrategy. see strategy
flexibility, 48, 147, 178, 197–8food bank, 22, 74, 80, 121, 132, 134,
145, 155, 164–7forgiveness, 98, 102–3formal
group. see group, formalnetwork. see network, formalorganization. see organization,
formalpartnership. see partnership, formalrules. see rules, formal
formalization, 1, 6–8, 32, 40forum, 125–6
churches’, 132faith leaders’, 83inter/multi faith. see multi faith
forumForward in Faith, 95
Subject Index 245
France, ixfranchise, 17, 31–2Franciscans, 76free church. see church, freeFresh Expression of Church, 182Friday Prayers, 109funding
diversity of, 62from churches, 12, 147, 174, 182from government/public sector,
59–61, 67, 148, 150, 182–3lottery, 74, 108of congregations. see congregation,
finances/funding ofof faith-based organizations. see
faith-based organizations,funding of
of mission organizations. seemission organization,funding of
of voluntary organizations. seevoluntary organization,funding of
of welfare provision, 146. see alsosocial welfare, funding of
secular. see secular fundingsocial justice work, 146
gambling, 74, 108game
evolutionary, 107–8iterated, 102–3political, 2, 42theory, 102, 127
General Election, 133General Practitioner (GP) 29, 31–2General Synod of the Church of
England, 44, 118generosity, 3Gentile, 3, 88–9, 171
Christians. see Christians, GentileGermany, 146global/globalization, ix, 33–4, 36, 159,
176, 197goals
formalization of, 40individual, 36–7, 127measurable and achievable, 13
organizational, 38–41, 44–6, 62,127, 164, 176–7
religious, 62, 82God, xvii, 3–5, 13, 24–7, 35, 47, 50,
51, 88, 90–1, 98, 114–16, 137–43,170–2, 189–90
Kingdom of. see Kingdom of Godself-revelation of, 24, 67, 90–1,
97–8, 190Word/word of, 51, 90, 186, 190–1
Google, 197Gospel/gospel, xii, 4, 70–2, 90–1, 143,
171governance, ix, 10–11, 27, 34–5, 64,
107, 128–9, 138, 187, 192, 201governing
body, 6, 25, 27, 50, 60–1, 63, 65–6,74–5, 116, 164, 180, 187, 193,195–6
instrument, 129government, xiii
central/national, ix, 1, 65–7, 95,117–18, 120, 124, 128, 131,146, 149–50, 153–4, 156,160, 182
church. see governancefunding. see funding, from
governmentlocal, 117, 120, 123, 131, 169ministers/officials, 2, 118regional, 123
Greece/Greek, 47, 51, 117, 141, 185–6Greek Orthodox Church, 117Greenwich, 23, 109, 133–4, 145,
165–6Greenwich Borough Council, 108–9Greenwich Evangelical Leaders, 133Greenwich Faith Community
Leaders, 134Greenwich Foodbank, 50, 134, 165–7Greenwich Islamic Centre, 109Greenwich Local Labour and
Business, 166Greenwich Millennium Village,
108, 168Greenwich Park, 70Greenwich Passion Play, 70Greenwich Peninsula, 23, 99–100,
108, 172, 180
246 Subject Index
Greenwich Peninsula Chaplaincy, xv,78, 85, 87, 99–100, 105–11
Greenwich Peninsula RegenerationLtd. 110
Greenwich United Church, 109group
community. see community groupcongregation as, 1, 19–20, 48, 96,
108–9, 121, 131, 169, 174,180, 183
formal, 6, 38, 123, 175in congregation, xvii, 6, 19–21, 26,
45–6, 48, 50–2, 84, 87, 93, 104,122, 147, 153–5, 164, 166–7,180, 183
in firm, 38–9, 41, 74, 103, 108, 175,177–9
informal, 38, 123, 154, 159, 166inter/multi faith, 98–9, 124, 135of clergy, 42, 46voluntary organization as, 8, 12,
69, 154guilt, 127Gurdwara, 98
hate crime, 134healing, 53, 98, 172, 183health, 160
and safety, 40care, 31, 54, 70, 84, 132, 139, 172mental, 59problems, 148spiritual, 188
heaven, 53, 90, 141, 144, 171Hellenists, 51Herodians, 115hierarchy, 35–8
alternative, 15contingent, 13, 177–8denominational, 10, 12, 17, 26, 30,
32, 93, 192formal, 10, 38, 180independence from, 76–7,
177–8levels in, 28, 35, 38, 175, 180management, 35–7, 62, 104national, 77posts filled in, 30staff, 150
sub-, 36subsidiary, 13, 36
Hindu, 111, 125, 134Holy Communion, xviii
see also EucharistHoly Spirit, 5–6, 24, 51, 53, 88–9,
143, 170Holy Trinity, Greenwich Peninsula,
109, 180homeless
outreach, 147people, 58, 155
honour, 117, 140, 142hospice chaplain. see chaplain,
hospicehospital chaplain. see chaplain,
hospitalhospitality, xv, 52, 98, 140, 183House of Lords, 118, 153housing association, 55, 59–60, 74, 79,
168, 174Housing Benefit, 165human
capital, 126construct, xviidignity, 140life, 152nature, 148, 152resources, 101, 155, 187–8, 196
humanized leadership. see leadership,humanized
hybridorganization, 57–60, 74, 80,
150–1, 158transaction, 74
hybriditydegree of, 150entrenched, 150layers of, 60, 152management of, 60
hybridization, 151
Ichthus Fellowship, 20, 47–9idealism, 62, 177identity organization, 199ideology, 20, 46–7, 64, 158, 163, 200Imam, 125impartiality, 159, 161
Subject Index 247
imperativefundamental, 9, 13, 45–7. see also
imperative, primaryof external authority structure, x,
45, 47, 130, 188, 191primary, 76. see also imperative,
fundamentalproclamation as. see proclamation,
as imperativeto seek unity, 89worship as. see worship, as
imperativeincarnation, 67incentive
economic, 161market, 164motivation, 38, 175
inclusion, 65, 75, 91, 123, 169see also social inclusion
incomeCitizen’s, 167donations, 71, 128, 195earned, 96, 128, 147–8legacy, 71of congregation, 8, 54of member, 26subsistence, 38
India, ix, 99individualism, 152, 175inducement, 38industrial mission, 12, 71, 78–80,
82, 100industry, 71–2
standard, 157type of, 200
inequality, 154, 167influence, 6–7, 11, 33, 38–9, 45, 64–6,
75, 77–8, 103, 160, 162, 165, 181,198, 201
informalactivity, 172assistance, 148congregation. see congregation,
informalco-operation, 32group. see group, informalnetwork. see network, informalorganization. see organization,
informal
partnership. see partnership,informal
relationship, 1, 49, 94, 155rules. see rules, informalreward. see reward, informalsetting, 172structure. see structure, informal
informationcollection of, 174complete, 176cost of, 75fast transmission of, 197in organizations, 6, 157–8, 198incomplete, 36–8, 40, 126–7, 134,
156, 177organization, 197–8privileged, 40religions as, 198selective release of, 40, 163
injustice. see social injusticeinnovation, 8, 12, 32–3, 43–4, 46, 51,
76–8, 81, 158, 169–70, 176–80institution
authority of, 202definition of, 69–70fragmented, 156mediating, 69–70, 72, 109–11,
119, 134religious, ix, 25, 61, 84secular, ix, x, 61, 67, 69, 72, 77,
84–5, 112, 117–26, 129–30,153–5
social, ix, 64, 112, 119, 135institutionalism, new, 64, 163, 165inter denominational. see ecumenicalinter-faith
activity, 98–100, 169dialogue, 110forum, 105, 123project, 174relationships, x, 92, 97, 99representative body, 125understanding, 111worship, 99, 110see also multi-faith
intercommunion, 95–6interdependence, 103internal audit, 101interpersonal dynamics, 75
248 Subject Index
intuition, 175, 177inventor, 178investment, 101, 182investor, 182Ireland, 117Islamic
banking, 157centre, 109community, 105
isolation, organizational, 190isomorphism, 6–9, 11, 20–2, 64–5,
94–5, 126, 146 151, 181coercive, 7-control, 95, 152mimetic, 7normative, 7, 149
Israel, 98, 117, 139, 142, 144Italy, 117
Japan, 77, 175, 181Jehovah’s Witnesses, 19, 145Jerusalem, 2–3, 88, 114, 116
Council of, 88New, 171
Jesuits. see Society of JesusJewish
authorities, 114committee member, 134congregation. see congregation,
JewishChristians. see Christians, Jewishlaw. see law, Jewishorganizations. see organizations,
Jewishscriptures. see scriptures, Jewishsynagogue, 186territory, 171trustee, 111
Jews, 117, 144, 171, 185–6Jesus, 90
jobcharacteristics, extrinsic/
intrinsic, 175creation, 147, 167, 182enrichment, 179loss of, 96–7satisfaction, 175search for, 187security, 175
jointactivity, 98agenda, 65project, 22, 101, 105, 135venture, 101–5
jumble sale, 69justice. see social justice
karah prasad, 98key worker, 182Kingdom Family Church, 109Kingdom of God, x, 9, 18, 44, 50, 72,
74, 76, 78, 80–2, 115, 164, 170,173, 181, 192
kingdom organization, 72–3,79–80, 104
see also mission organization
langar, 98last resort, congregation as, 148Latin America, 36, 77law, 159
canon/charity, 54church, 25Jewish, 87–8, 91, 115, 139see also legal
lay training, 78leader/leadership
adaptable, 201as representative, 133charismatic, see charismatic,
leadershipdenominational, 19, 21, 32, 48, 89,
97, 112, 117development, 124ethical, 162faith community. see faith
community leaderhumanized, 62market, 100of congregation, xiv, 20power, 38–9relationship-oriented, 178secular literacy of, 202skill, 155State, 117–18style, 201task, 19, 43, 154task-oriented, 178
Subject Index 249
team, 49, 68, 180skills. see skills, leadershipvolunteer, 26
legalassistance, 29approach, 161authority. see authority, legalcontext. see context, legalentity, 129factor, 161incentive, 164responsibility, 161system, 157see also law
legislator, 112legitimate/legitimacy
activity, 45organizational, 17, 124power. see power, legitimatereligious, 34representational, 106, 123–5social, 64, 118, 123, 133, 173
Lewisham, 131–2liberal
elements of faith community, 99,110, 145
élite, 94minded, 93
liberation theology, 77library, 182line management 12–13, 85, 110literacy, 155
religious, 130, 202secular, 130, 202
little platoons, 119liturgy, 43, 78, 201living wage, 65lobbying, 58Local Area Agreement, 131local authority. see authority, locallocal councillor, 118locally orientated, 93London Churches Social Action
Network, 133London Citizens, 65London City Mission, 71London Industrial Chaplaincy, 80London Peace Pagoda, 99
love, 3God’s, 50, 115, 137mutual, 5–6, 138, 142of God, 137, 139of neighbour, 114, 137, 139
loyaltybrand, 100to company, 175to tradition, 24
Lutheran Church, 33
major incident plan. see emergencyplanning
majority, 41–2, 123see also church, black majority;
minority; conversionmale/female, xvii, 124, 141, 145management, x
active, 41as ideological, 163, 200as political, 38, 41–2, 44–5, 163board, 163budget, 68bureaucratic. see bureaucratic
managementby members, 187by objectives, 13central, 36, 47change. see change managementculture-specific, 175denominational, 10–12, 19, 41, 47hierarchy. see hierarchyinstrumental, 62layer/level, 35, 39, 175–6line. see line managementlocal, 36mechanistic, 62of chaplains. see chaplains,
management ofof clergy. see clergy, management ofof congregation. see congregation,
management ofof faith-based organization. see
faith-based organization,management of
of hybridity. see hybridity,management of
of mission organization. see missionorganization, management of
250 Subject Index
management – continuedof religious organization. see
religious organization,management of
of secularizations, 196of voluntary organization. see
voluntary organization,management of
of volunteers. see volunteers,management of
practice, 68private sector methods, 8, 13, 62public sector methods, 60, 62resource, 92science, 163secular techniques, 13, 151self-serving, 41staff, 68–9strategy. see strategy, managementstructure, 200style, 62, 201system, 41team, 61, 96, 180voluntary, 12voluntary sector methods, 62
management theorycritical, 163, 165problematic, 163scientific, 200secular, xi, 34–6, 41, 51, 62, 73,
79–82, 100–3, 106–7, 113,126–7, 156, 159, 165, 170, 174,189–91, 195, 197, 199–200, 202
manager, 38as entrepreneur, 177ethical, 160production, 37professional, 11public sector, 203research and development, 40sales, 37, 40secular, 64, 154skillful, 26voluntary sector, 8
marginalization, 12, 119, 123, 155market, 28, 37, 100, 157–8
changing, 178competitive, 8, 37, 100, 102,
157, 199
conditions, 36, 40, 100, 180contract, 75, 127, 157different, 101, 175entrepreneur in, 197firm as surrogate, 157global, 176, 197ideal, 65incentive, 164information in, 126, 156–7. see also
informationleadership, 100local, 176mechanisms, 156new, 100, 176niche, 46, 198regional, 100regulated, 157, 160–1relationships in, 127religious, 198–200share, 37transaction, 73, 75, 156–7,
163–4, 197market/organization, 157–8, 163
spectrum, 51, 101–2, 104, 136, 157transactions, 73, 75, 157–8
marketization of public services, 151marriage, 8, 69
heterosexual, 75homosexual, 117
martyr, 114, 170mass production, 197McDonaldization, 34, 197mediating institution. see institution,
mediatingmediation of external authority
structure, 18, 24, 190–2megachurch, 198member/membership, of congegation
accountability of, 27, 33, 191action for social justice, 118, 145,
153. see also social justiceas constituting the Church, 18, 200as customer, 199authority of, 8, 13, 16, 25–7, 42–3,
45, 153, 187, 190–1autonomy of, 34, 42, 188change in, 153concept of, 122cosmopolitan. see cosmopolitan
Subject Index 251
culture of, 45, 87decline in, 189definition of, 18–19, 21, 23differences between, 50, 87, 145effect of congregation on, 165embedded, 181exploitation of, 165funding of congregation. see
congregation, funding ofgoals of, 45–6governance by, 187group of. see groupincome of. see incomeincrease in, 26interests of, 122, 153localist/locally oriented. see locally
orientedlocation of, 118mindset of, 47minister as, 128–9moving to new congregation, 78,
180–1needs of, 18, 154, 198–9new, 26, 34, 183, 189, 191of clergy, 20, 103, 168. see also clergyof denomination, x, 1–2, 20, 27, 87,
92, 96–7, 104, 107of sect, 19–20, 42, 145political engagement, 146proclamation by, 45quiet care by. see quiet carerecruitment of, 20, 44, 173, 183relationship with faith-based
organization, 58, 146, 151, 188,194–5
relationships between, 1, 21, 33, 122retention of, 34secularization of, 188. see also
secularizationskills of, 144, 155social capital of, 173–4social class of. see classsocialization of, 158welfare provision within, 145, 153.
see also welfare provisionMember of Parliament, 118memorandum and articles, 193
menas faith leaders, 123–5religious volunteers, 145technical roles, 153
mental health, 59merger
of companies, 96, 101–2of denominations, 11, 22–3, 104of faith communities, 105of faith-based organizations, 79, 81of mission organizations, 79–81
Messy Church, 183Methodist Church, 9, 17, 22, 33, 76,
111, 132, 182–3Methodist Missionary Society, 76, 79Metropolitan Police Borough
Commander, 132Mexico, 175microeconomics, 101migrants, 44, 65, 131Millennium Dome/Exhibition,
108, 168minister, xvii–xviii
accountability of, 13, 24–9, 39,42, 92
appraisal of, 13, 25–6as chaplain/missioner, 70, 72, 85as member of congregation, 94,
128–9as member of party, 95as volunteer manager, 187authority of, 13, 24, 27–8, 43, 92,
128, 190career, 29–32competition between, 100conservative, 94denominational, 9, 14, 20, 22, 24,
28–9, 32, 39, 42–3, 46, 92ecumenism, 92, 94effectiveness of, 26–8isomorphism of, 94. see also
isomorphismlength of tenure, 16, 32–3mindset of, 46–7, 92of new congregation, 180of parish, 193payment of, 13, 29, 128–9professional, 32
252 Subject Index
minister – continuedrelationships between, 1, 20, 22,
84, 132relationship to secular authorities,
112, 118, 125, 132relocation of, 13–14, 29, 31, 70skills of, 14training of, 72, 203see also clergy
minority, 41–2, 98see also majority; conversion
missionactivity, 128, 169, 183agency, 192. see also mission
organizationbureaucratization of. see
bureaucratization, of missionactivity
Christian, 68, 72denominational, 12, 76, 79–80drift, 187–8, 194–5industrial. see industrial missionorganization. see mission
organizationurban, 154
mission organization, 192boundary spanning, 130challenges, 71–2, 78change in, 73chaplaincy as, 82, 85characteristics of, 51definition of, 50–1examples of, 70–1funding of, 12, 71–2, 80, 182–4independence of, 76innovation in, 51, 78management of, 79merger of, 79–81open system, 77proclamation as purpose, 72, 80relationship to denomination, 12,
76, 79–80relationship to faith-based
organizations, 72, 81relationship to religious
organizations, 1, 53relationship to secular
organizations, 1survival of, 71
tasks of, 52–3, 71see also kingdom organization
missional community, 72, 77missionary, 70, 72missionary organization, 158money, 3–4, 8, 15–16, 23, 37, 52, 59,
66–9, 101, 108, 126, 128–9, 158,165, 188, 194. see also funding
monitoring, 24, 65, 67, 157monopoly, 100, 157moral, ix, 27
agenda/framework, 85, 152compass, 159duty of care, 161rights, 159vision, 121
morality, ix, 152see also social morality
Moravian Church, 19, 54motivation, 35–6, 62–3, 65, 173,
175, 187ecumenical, 96of religious capital, 121, 173of welfare activity, 141personal, 62, 153religious, 82, 84, 149, 164see also demotivation
Muhammad, 98multi-faith
activity, 7, 97–100, 110–11, 169chaplaincy, 78, 83–4, 86–7, 99,
106–7forum, 123, 134funeral, 99organizations. see organizations,
multi faithpilgrimage, 99project, 105, 108, 134, 174relationships, 92, 97, 99, 123, 169
society, 84, 111welfare provision, 100see also inter faith
multinational company, 36musician, 31Muslim, 98–9, 108, 111, 117, 134
organization. see organization,Muslim
school, 99
Subject Index 253
mutualaccountability. see accountability,
mutualadjustment, 157–8assistance, 15, 156responsibility, 16, 49
Nash equilibrium, 37National Council for Voluntary
Organizations, 8National Health Service, 31–2, 84, 132National Lottery, 74, 108nationality, 117needs
individual/personal, 4, 36, 40, 58,82–3, 106, 109, 114, 130, 132,140, 142, 148, 150, 163, 165–7,169, 199–200
religious/spiritual, 82–4, 199social, 109, 129social welfare, 129, 153spiritual, 82–3, 106, 148stakeholder, 162see also member, needs
Neighbourhood Watch, 184network
accountability, 15, 24, 28–9, 33, 85,188, 192
community, 123–4congregation as, 173faith, 125, 146, 148–9, 155family, 105formal, 121friendship, 105informal, 121of authorities, 24, 28of congregations, 76, 78, 92, 155,
179–80, 192of outlets, 101of relationships, 33, 35, 38, 99,
119–20, 122, 146, 148–9,155, 173
of sales agents, 101organization as, 197social, 122, 146, 148–9, 155, 173
neutral territory, 148new and changing communities, x,
14, 129, 146, 168–70, 172–4
New Testament, xii, 2, 4, 43, 45, 87,116–1, 130, 164, 170, 181,191, 201
see also scripturesNew Wine Church, 133NGO, 65niche market, 46, 198night shelter, 55, 155non-profit. see not-for-profitnormative
compliance structure. seecompliance structure,normative
federation, 21–2isomorphism. see isomorphism,
normativestructure. see structure, normative
norms, 12, 22, 32, 113, 123, 126–7,145, 156–8, 173
Northern Ireland, ixnot-for-profit, 54, 199
oath of allegiance, 25objective
company, 36, 74, 104–5congregational, 13deparmental, 74external, 105faith community, 105, 202management by -s, 13organizational, 74, 156, 187personal, 38, 69, 74, 105religious, 74, 202satisficed, 176secular, 74–5subsidiary, 74survival as, 74
objects of company or trust, 193obligations, 75, 152, 160–1observer, 200office-holder
congregational, xvii, 2, 93, 187denominational, 97
offshoring, 197Old Testament, see New Testament;
scriptures, Jewisholigopoly, 100Olympic and Paralympic Games,
132–3
254 Subject Index
open system. see system, openordinand, ordination candidate, 40,
46–7ordination
decleration at, 24of women, 15training, 30, 40, 70
organization/organizationalactivity. see agency activityaim, 44, 48, 66, 94, 176, 187. see also
organization/organizationalgoals
autonomous, 11, 17, 30–1, 34, 43,47, 103, 153, 164
behaviour, 6, 13, 22–3, 27, 45–6, 51,66, 81, 97, 101, 103–4, 119,127, 160–1, 163, 188, 200
boundary, xvii, 5–6, 18–22, 43, 87,91, 93–4, 107, 119–20, 122,130, 151, 163, 174, 191–3, 197
bureaucratic. see bureaucracycapital, 127central, 17centralized, 11–12, 17–18, 21, 36challenges, 186–203charitable. see charitable company;
charitable trust; charityChristian, xi, xiv, 33, 45, 50, 56, 71,
73, 113, 117, 120, 133, 138,144, 172, 202
closure, 40, 59, 80, 92, 187, 189,192–3
constituents of, 6critique of, 165culture. see culture, organizational;
congregation, culture of; firm,culture of
definition of, 69, 156, 163denominational. see
denominational organizationdifferentiated, 7distinct(ive) 9, 21, 120, 123, 125,
129, 131, 146, 149, 151,157–8, 197
diversity of, 19, 62, 117, 120, 173,187, 192–3, 195, 198
educational, 57engagement, ix, 65–7, 92–3, 106,
109, 113, 117–19, 124–5, 130–2,
135, 144–6, 148, 150, 152–4,165, 168, 173–4, 176, 183
environment of. see environment,organizational
evangelistic, 71, 104, 183, 199faith-based. see faith-based
organizationsfluid, 156, 178, 193formal, 11, 17–18, 148formalization of. see formalizationfranchise. see franchisefunding of. see fundingglobal, 33–4, 176goals of. see goals, organizationalgoverning body of. see governing
bodyhierarchical. see hierarchyhybrid. see hybrid organizationindependent, 1, 4, 12, 29, 47–8, 54,
71, 73, 76–7, 81–2, 92, 94, 100,118, 132–3, 136, 155, 179, 190,192–3
informal, 38, 49, 158, 163, 192information. see information
organizationinstability, 49interests, 11, 160, 163international, 17isomorphism of. see isomorphismJewish, xikingdom. see kingdom organizationlanguage, 130. see also literacylarge, 35, 100, 150/market spectrum, transaction. see
market/organizationmission. see mission organizationmulti faith, xi–xii, 107multi-organizational, 103Muslim, 67national, 2, 11, 16–17, 33non-sectarian, 149norms. see normsnon-profit. see not-for-profitnot-for-profit. see not-for-profitobjective of. see objectiveopen system. see system, openpolicy of. see policypolitical. see political organization
Subject Index 255
politics in, 44. see also politics,organizational
post-holders in. see alsopost-holder
position in, 39power in, 37, 40–2. see also powerpriorities, 68private sector. see private sector
organizationprocess, 34, 68, 76, 94–5, 101, 123,
147, 149, 153, 157–8, 162, 176,178–9, 181, 190, 192, 196, 198,200, 202
professional, 158public sector. see public sector
organizationpurpose of. see purpose,
organizationalregional, 9, 15–17, 21, 29–30, 46, 54,
95, 10, 103, 112–13, 123–4, 159religious. see religious organizationrelationships between, x, xiii, 6,
8–9, 42, 68, 87, 102, 104–5, 110,128–30, 134, 146
representative, 125, 133representative of, 10, 20, 61, 72, 76,
89,95, 108, 118, 123–5, 131–5,155, 184
secular. see secular organizationsservice. see service organizationsmall, 21, 48, 79, 114, 147, 150,
154, 174, 177, 179, 189social welfare. see social welfare
organizationspectrum. see spectrum,
organizationalstaff post, 39State. see State organizationstructure. see structure,
organizationalsurvival of, 6, 8, 46, 71, 74, 92, 154,
170, 177, 188, 194temporary, 125third-sector. see voluntary
organizationturmoil, 196umbrella, 8–9, 16–18, 44,
124, 166unity. see unity, organizational
values of. see values, organizationalvoluntary. see voluntary (sector)
orgnizationOrganization Development, 179orphan, 114Orthodox Church, 117, 201outcomes, 15, 37, 39, 44, 67, 103, 164,
176–8outputs, 102, 150, 158outsourcing, 150, 198
Pakistan, ix, 117parachurch organization, 199parish, 1, 8–10, 14–19, 23, 27, 31, 39,
44, 46, 54, 61, 65, 72, 94–5, 118,129, 151, 192–3
population of, 18, 23territorial, 23, 118
Parish of East Greenwich, xv, 23,109, 168
Parliament, 54, 117–18parliamentary constituency, 118Parochial Church Council, 9, 17, 31,
129, 192partnership
board, 122–6, 131, 174business, 31civil, 117faith/secular, 57, 183formal, 149–50informal, 149inter-sector, 8, 55, 66, 150–2strategic, 101–2, 104–5, 131
party, ecclesiastical, 47passion play, 70, 104pastoral care, xvii–xviii, 22–3, 32, 71,
83, 109, 128path dependency, 121patronage system, 4, 192payment
of salary/stipend, 13, 15–16, 72, 80,129, 175
of tax, xv, 54, 115–17, 28, 153, 162,165–7
peace, 89, 98, 116, 172mala, 99network, 147pagoda, 99vigil, 135
256 Subject Index
pension scheme, 71pentecostal church. see church,
pentecostalPeople of God, 190persecution, 2, 6, 114, 116–17, 170personal
commitment, 145enthusiasms, 188evangelism, 71experience, xvifactors, 160irreducibility of the, 140,
148, 163objectives/motives, 74, 105, 179pronoun, xviirelationships, 4, 76–7, 132, 174satisfaction, 177story, 46support, 20, 40values, 69, 161
personalityforce of, 19, 38, 48founding, 20sale of, 199types, 145
personnel, 7, 9, 16, 48, 59, 63,69–70, 100, 117, 119, 130,146, 202
Pharisees, 88, 115pioneer, 78, 182–4planning, 7, 30, 44, 131, 153, 162,
182, 185pluralism, 119, 156Poland, 117police
chaplaincy, 132community support officer, 184consultation with, 112Metropolitan, 112, 132station, 109–10
policydenominational, 28formation, 65government, ix, 65, 150making, xiii, 65, 107, 131, 167organizational, 95, 107, 196public, 159–60, 162
politicalaction, 48, 146activity, 41, 45, 153. see also politics,
organizationalcapital. see capital, politicalchurches as, 112coalition, 41decision-making. see
decision-making, politicalmodel
ecclesiastical, 47factors, 161games, 42grouping, 17institution, 78management as, 163organization, 146process, 41skills, 38territory, 32
politicsChristians in, 174democratic, 119organizational, 2, 36, 38–9, 42,
44–5, 47. see also politicalactivity
Pope, the, 17, 25, 35, 77, 201post
application for, 12, 15, 30, 58chaplaincy, 80, 100incumbency/ministry, 16, 23, 28–9,
31, 187redundancy of, 186–7
post-holdercompany, 101denominational. see
denominational post-holderpaid, 15, 188
postmodernaspects, 198era, 197firm. see firm, postmodernorganization, 197world, 94
poverty, 3, 70, 147, 152, 154, 167power, 38–42
and politics, 38, 44and responsibility, 14asymmetrical, 163
Subject Index 257
balance of 38bargaining, 100bureaucratic, 39–40coercive, 28, 39cultural, 38definition of, 37–8denominational, 2, 16,
18, 46disciplinary, 40distance 175expert, 39hidden, 40lack of, 46, 154latent, 40leader, 39, 199legitimate, 39pull techniques, 40push techniques, 40referent, 39reward, 38–9self-serving, 41socialized, 41ubiquitous, 41
prayer, 4, 51, 53, 71, 90, 94, 96, 108–9,116, 140, 174
Friday, 109group, 21mat, 82space, 82, 100, 106, 108–10
predictability, 31, 41, 100, 198preferential option for the poor, 77preferred supplier, 101–2, 104–5Presbyterian Church, 117president of temple, 125press office, 7press, the, 112priest, xvii–xviii, 9, 24, 27, 35–6, 46,
118, 132, 201see also clergy; minister
primary authority structure. seeauthority structure, primary
Primary Care Trust, 184principal/agent theory, 24, 28, 35prison, 114, 139, 165
chaplain. see chaplain, prisonservice, 81thought -, 40
prisoner, 143former, 61-’s dilemma, 37, 102
private sector, 55–6accountability in, 24characteristics of, 57, 62critique of, 153–5games in, 42literature, xiimanagement methods from, 7–8,
13, 16, 34, 36, 42, 62organization, 42relationships with other sectors, 8,
53, 61, 69, 74, 104, 109, 120,129, 155, 174, 189
representatives of, 126structures, 10study of, 202
procedures, 176accounting, 7disciplinary, 22
proclamationas imperative, x, 9, 13, 44–5, 76,
164, 170, 173, 192, 202as religious activity, 52–3, 61, 82as purpose of mission organization,
50, 71–3, 78, 80–1, 85–6by apostles, 52–3, 89, 96, 170,
185–6by congregation, 18, 24, 33, 73, 148,
181, 188, 192by Jesus, 143by religious orders, 70Christian, 104critique as, 165
product, 40–1, 100–1, 157–8, 175,177–8, 198
customized, 197production, 37, 101–2, 127, 152, 157,
181, 197mass-, 197–8
professionalbody, 7career, 29–30clergy, 7, 32ecumenical, 32norms of, 32organization, 158secular, 76
258 Subject Index
professional – continuedspiritual care, 83–4volunteer management as, 8
profitmaximization of, 36, 102, 176repatriation of, 121
projectBeacon, 182–4building, 7, 167choice of, 68congregational, 57development, 70ecumenical, 99, 132faith-based, 121, 188, 194funding of, 74, 187–8joint, 22, 101, 103, 105, 135multi faith, 98–100, 105–6, 108,
134, 174regeneration, 113, 148research, 141, 156social justice, 144–5, 164. see also
social justicesocial welfare, 7, 21, 145, 147–8,
169, 173. see also social welfarespecial, 14-specific, 66
prophet, 2, 5, 89, 98, 142–4, 152prophetic activity, 152Protestant
Christians, 144denominations, 77reform movement. see reform
movement, Protestantpsychologist, 37psychological
needs. see needs, psychologicalpossibility, 95theory, 199
publicapprobation, 115, 119authority. see authority, publicbenefit, 9, 53–4, 61, 128expenditure, 186morals, ixpolicy, 159–60, 162sacrament, 174services, 151transport, 168
public sector, x, 55–6, 60accountability in, 24board members from, 64, 76characteristics of, 57, 62clergy in, 22communication with, 67contracts. see contract, public sectorcritique of, 153–5expectations of other sectors, 149funding from. see funding, from
government/public sectorliterature, xiimanager, 203management methods from, 7–8,
13, 16, 34, 36, 42, 60, 62organization, 42, 68, 129, 150–1partnership boards. see partnership
boardrelationships with other sectors, 8,
53, 59, 61, 69, 74, 104, 109,120, 129, 132, 149, 151, 155,174, 189
representatives of, 126structures, 10study of, 202
publishing, 19, 104, 199purpose
charitable, 9, 53–4, 128evangelistic, 183of business, 160, 162, 164of life, 152of congregation, 13, 173, 188, 201of faith–based organization, x, 50,
52–3, 63, 66, 72–4, 187of inter-faith organization, 105of mission organization, 50–1, 53,
72, 80of multi-faith organization, 98–9,
106of religious organization, 173of voluntary organization, 8, 120,
187, 194organizational, 63welfare, 120, 147
quality of life, 160, 169quiet care. see care, quietQur’an, the, 98, 104
Subject Index 259
Ravensbourne College, 109–10, 168recession, 182reconciliation, 19–20, 67recruitment
of congregation members, 19–20,42, 180
of employees, 58, 60, 64, 68–9, 176of ministers, 31, 36of missionaries, 71of governing body, 50, 58, 68, 76of volunteers, 60, 64, 68, 85, 145,
166, 186–7, 194–5Reform, 95reform
ecclesiastical, 22movement, 77
Reformation, the, 136, 201reformed church. see church, reformedregeneration
activity, 100, 147of community, 172programmes, 147project, 14, 113, 148see also economic regeneration
regional. see organization, regionalregulation
of chaplaincies, 100of charities, 54, 128of congregation/denomination, 1,
6–7, 44, 76, 140, 180of companies, 160–1of ecumenical relationships, 95of market, 157
relationshipsecumenical. see ecumenical
relationshipsexternal, x–xiinter faith. see inter faith
relationshipsinternal, xmulti faith. see multi faith
relationshipsreligion
advancement of, 9, 109, 128, 147as a category, xias a market. see market, religiousbenign, 118Christian, 17, 84, 169
constitutive of faith-basedorganization, 56, 59
distinctive –s, xi, 98, 104effect of sacred texts on, xiiimportance of, ix, 202informational, 198mass-production, 198modern, 198official, 117plural, 69, 98, 104, 119practised at home, 145privatization of, 202relationship to ethnicity and
nationality, 117relationship to volunteering, 144relationship with welfare provision,
114, 122, 136, 141research on, 141, 156respect for, 119worship as location of, 96, 169
religiousactivity, 61, 65, 71, 74, 109, 138,
145–6, 189, 198. see alsoaffective activity
affiliation, 58, 105, 144, 151belief, 21capital. see capital, religiouschaplaincy as, 106conflict, ixcongregation as, 11, 18, 130, 191convictions, 68, 152duty, 140education. see education, religiousera, 90experience, 55, 190, 198funding, 151, 194. see also fundinggoals. see goalshistory, 112inspiration, 69language, 67, 130, 146literacy, 67, 130, 202market-place. see market, religiousmotivation, 149mutual assistance as, 15needs. see needs, religious/spiritualnot-for-profit. see not-for-profitobjective, 74order, 27, 53, 70, 73, 76–7
260 Subject Index
religious – continuedorganization. see religious
organization; congregation;church
practice, ix, 44purpose, 54, 72resources, 119, 199sector, 54–5, 56–7, 60, 71, 74, 119,
122–3, 202secularization, 189–90. see also
secularization, religioustasks, 52–3thought categories, 11tradition, 50, 53, 55–7, 60, 84, 106,
145, 152values, 147volunteers, 151. see also
volunteerwelfare provision as, 136
religious organizationas religious, 96authority structures of. see authority
structurebureaucratization of. see
bureaucratizationcentralized, 36challenges facing, xii, 151,
185–94, 197changing, 156, 196characteristics of, x, xiii, 55,
151, 199charitable, 53, 128Christian, xi, 202compliance structures of. see
compliance structurescongregation as prototypical, 1, 16,
18, 30, 76, 113, 179, 181conservative, 153constitution of, 193critique by, 121culture of, 180. see also
congregation, culture ofdefinition of, x, 1, 72denomination as, 33distinctive, 27, 54, 57, 107, 120,
123, 128, 146, 151–2formalization of. see formalizationglobal, 33–4
governance of, ix, 187. seegovernance
hierarchies in. see hierarchyisomorphism of. see isomorphismmanagement of, xi, xii, xiv, xv, 13,
63–4, 106, 156, 165, 187–94,200, 202–3
mission organization as, 51network accountability of. see
accountability, networknetwork-creating, 173political capital of, 121politics in. see politics; politicalprotection against secularization
of, 80regeneration activity of, 172, 181relationships of, ix, x, 50, 52–3, 55,
58–61, 68–70, 73–7, 84, 113,117, 127, 129, 134, 151,174, 181
representative of, 125–6resources of, 122, 149sacred text of, xiisector, 54secular literacy of, 130secularization of. see secularizationsocial justice role of, 152–5. see also
social justicestructure. see structure, of religious
organizationtheology of, 92welfare role of, 120–1, 148, 150–3,
155. see also social welfareworship the defining activity
of, 120see also congregation; church;
Church; faith-basedorganization
religious/secular spectrum, 51, 53, 57,59–61, 63–4, 66, 68–70, 74–5,79–82, 84, 86, 104, 106–7, 119,147–8, 181, 196
representativeof clergy, 10of the Church, 133of congregation, 72, 89, 118,
125, 135of denomination, 20, 72, 95, 125,
133, 155
Subject Index 261
of faith sector, 122–5, 133–5of mission organization, 76of religious organization, 61, 72, 134of secular organization, 61, 108,
132, 184research
and development, 40literature, xi, xv–xvi, 2, 97, 179religious sector, 10, 32, 56, 58, 60,
62–4, 73, 83, 107, 131, 141, 156private sector, 107, 120, 176,
179, 200voluntary sector, 6, 120
residents’ association, 183resource mobilization theory, 92resources, 13, 23, 28–9, 37–9, 44, 59,
70, 83–4, 119–20, 122, 126,146–7, 194, 198–9
financial, 7, 15–16, 92, 126, 149,165, 188
human. see human resourcesmaterial, 3, 92, 155shortage, 188, 193theological, 92, 141, 191, 199
responsibilitycorporate social, 158–62for reconciliation, 67legal, 161mutual, 16pastoral, xvii–xviii, 83. see also
pastoral careposition of, 29–30, 95power and, 14social, 80, 136
restrictive practice, 97resurrection, of Jesus, 3, 53, 90,
115, 170reward
for compliance, 40for service, 141informal personal, 127, 177power. see power, reward
rights, 147, 152, 159, 161risk, 7, 37, 64–5, 89, 97, 163, 176–7role
denominational, 46in bureaucracy, 13, 22, 30, 96, 180in congregation, 94, 153leadership, 48, 68
minister’s, 24volunteer’s, 83
Roman Catholicbishop, 97chaplain, 111Church, 23, 25, 27, 36, 65, 77, 95–6,
133, 190, 193, 198, 201congregation/parish, 44, 65, 95, 97diocese, 75member, 117priest, 9, 118, 132province, 33
routinization, 15, 20, 179Royal Borough of Greenwich. see
Greenwich Borough Councilrules, 176
church representation, 193of life, 71, 73denominational, 97formal, 127–8informal, 127
rural community. see community,rural
rural dean, 10, 20
sacramentadministration of, xvii, xviii, 83Church as, 129public, 174reserved, 82
sacred texts. see scripturessafeguarding of children and
vulnerable adults, 134see also child protection
salesagent, 101department, 19, 40, 101future, 37manager, 37, 40
Salvation Army, 71, 73, 132Samaritan, 90sanctions, 38–9, 97, 127, 160–1satisficing, 176Scandinavia, 112scenario planning, 162, 179schism, 20, 77scholarship, 70
262 Subject Index
school, 70, 165business, xiv, 202faith. see faith schoolgovernor, 184state/community, 180–1, 183
Scotland, 117scriptures, 143, 185–6, 190, 201
Christian/Church’s, xi, xii, 24,164, 171
Hebrew/Jewish, xii, 139see also New Testament; Old
Testamentsect, 18–22, 47–9, 88, 93, 145, 194
boundary of, 6, 20–21reconciliation within, 19–20recruitment into, 19–20, 42
Section 106 Agreement, 184sectarian, 6, 20, 22, 48, 93, 145sector
faith. see faith sectorfaith-based, 54, 126, 202–3other (i.e., not religious) xi, 8, 27,
42, 54–5, 58, 62, 64, 81, 122,127–9, 134, 136, 144, 146,150–1, 202
private. see private sectorpublic. see public sectorreligious. see religious sectorsecular. see secular sectorsocial housing, 59third (voluntary), 150. see also
voluntary sectorvoluntary. see voluntary sector
secularactivities, 80agency, 59, 65/attached spectrum, 63authorities. see authorities, secularenvironment. see environment,
secularexpertise, 59Europe, 71/faith partnership, 57funding, 67–8, 147influence, 64, 181institution, x, 61, 69, 72, 77, 84,
110, 117, 153–5literacy, 130, 202
management theory. seemanagement theory, secular
methods, 68objectives, 74–5organization, x, 8, 13, 35, 44, 51,
57–9, 62–6, 69–70, 79, 81, 104,106–7, 111, 113, 119, 121, 124,128, 130, 145–8, 153–4. see alsobureaucracy, secular; privatesector organization; publicsector organization; voluntary(sector) organization
outcome measurements, 67outlook, 14/religious spectrum. see
religious/secular spectrumrulers, 115–16, 138, 142sector, 60, 155housing association/sector, 59, 79society/world, x, 20, 62, 69–70, 72,
74, 94, 114, 118, 128, 130, 156,172, 191
staff member, 63, 66, 76task, 68thought categories, 15training course, 64values, 68
secularist hegemony, 119secularization, ix, 188, 202
cultural, 189, 191defences against, 66institutional, 189of beliefs, 189of bishop, 14–15of congregation, 65of denominational strucure, 15of faith-based organizations, 60of ideas, 189, 191of society, 71plural, 189–90, 195–6practical, 189pressures, 64religious, 65, 189–92, 195–6state, 189
self-confidence, 41–2, 177senior management team, 96, 179–80sensory garden/room, 182
Subject Index 263
servantauthorities as, 116, 138Christian as, 4, 137, 142Church as, 129, 164Jesus as, 137minister as, 26–7, 35, 138
serviceconcept of, 150culture of. see culture of serviceentrepreneur, 177mutual, 49, 138, 150organization, 17, 58, 63–4, 71,
148–9, 151, 156, 163religious, 82, 109, 133, 183user, 200
services, 169complementary, 156, 166market for, 157–8reduction of, 186social, 57, 59, 71, 75, 182specialist, 58
shame, 127shareholder, 41, 160–1Sheffield Industrial Mission, 79shepherd, 26–7, 91, 139shopping centre, 106shrine, 90Sikh, 98, 111, 123, 125, 134skills
appropriate, 14, 31, 63, 132, 197arbitration, 95combination of, 101congregational, 173knowledge worker, 197leadership, 155literacy, 155management, 26political, 38presentational, 155professional, 158social. see social skillsstandardization of, 157–8trustees’, 59
slave, slavery, 137, 141–2, 172social
acceptance, 164action, 48, 67, 99, 131, 133,
148, 172activity, 82–3, 96, 156
agent, 152behaviour, 163benefit, 8, 119capital. see capital, socialcare. see care, socialchange, 174, 197class, 22, 145cohesion, 122, 131, 174construction, 78context, 32, 156, 173dynamics, 38, 106environment. see environment,
socialevent, 92–3, 98–9, 105, 110, 183forms, 129goods, 159–60, 182housing, 59–60, 168, 182inclusion, 65, 123. see also inclusioninequality, 167influences, 78injustice, 154, 164institution, ixissues, 112justice, x, 21, 71, 113, 121, 129–30,
136, 141–50, 152–6, 164–5, 167,169, 172
legitimation, 173life, 163morality, 153. see also moral;
moralityneeds. see needs, socialnetwork, 122norms. see normspossibility, 95pressure, 160problem, 50process, ixproject, 7, 173. see also welfare
provisionrecognition, 144resources, 120, 147responsibility , 80, 136, 158–60, 162scientist, 2security benefits, 80services. see services, socialservice organization. see
organization, social serviceskills, 144space, 63, 77, 173
264 Subject Index
social – continuedstructures, 112, 152, 163thought, 65welfare. see social welfare
social welfare, 52, 64–5, 70–1, 74, 81,147–8, 150, 152, 156, 164
organization, 66project, 7, 21, 144, 147–8see also welfare provision
socialization, 145, 158, 160society
American, 34bible, 99civic, 125civil, 112, 119, 124–5, 128contractualized, 156critique of, 121, 165culture of, 191enclosed, 19global, 159informally organized, 158marginalization by, 155multi faith. see multi-faith societynational, 159plural, 119, 130, 152regional, 159religious history of, 112secular. see secular societyservice to, 23, 136, 150, 164shaping of, 74values of, 159–60, 162
Society of Jesus, 77sociology, 37sole trader, 177solidarity, 140, 147soup kitchen, 155South American Missionary
Society, 79South London Industrial Mission, 80Southern Baptists, 31Southwark and London Diocesan
Housing Association, 60space
consultation, 131financial, 63–4industrial, 182meeting, 131neutral. see neutral spaceoffice, 182
physical, 174prayer, 82, 100, 106, 109–10social, 63–4, 77, 173worship, 22
span of control, 35specification
of part, 101of product, 157of task, 126
spectrumco-operation, 101–4linear, 55–7market/organization. see
market/organization spectrumreligious/secular. see
religious/secular spectrumspiritual
blessings, 3capital. see capital, spiritualcare, 83Church as, 77counsel, 83health, of congregation,188ministries, 49needs. see needs, spiritualwelfare. see welfare, spiritual
St Christopher’s Hospice, 81–4stability, periods of, 49, 103, 108, 163,
174, 177, 179staff member
activity, 107, 128, 149, 186,188, 194
allocation of, 23behaviour of, 34department, 42ethics of, 161from other sectors, 8, 59–60, 66, 81function, 39hospital, 84management of, 68mission organization, 51motivation, 62–3, 187ownership by, 8paid, 8, 75, 83, 128, 149–50, 166,
186, 188position, 39post, 30qualified, 7recruitment of, 64, 68–9, 106
Subject Index 265
relationship with client, 59relationships, 74religious convictions of, 60, 62–3school, 99secularization of, 64senior, 46shedding, 101, 186supply of, 64training, 68values of. see values, of staff membervolunteer management by,
187–8, 194stagnation, 190–1stakeholder, 27, 74, 160–2, 164standardized
measures, 73methods, 197norms, 158outputs, 158processes, 158skills, 157–8
Starbucks, 17, 31State
accountability to, 8church relationship with, 112,
115–17, 129–30, 145, 151church critique of, 156church social justice work in
relation to, 156denomination’s relationship with,
117–18European, 65faith community relationships
with, 118ideal, 65local manifestations of,
113, 117nation, 65, 136organization, 117regulation, 54secularization. see secularization,
statestructure. see structure, statewelfare, 152welfare provision. see welfare
provision, Statestatistics, 147, 164stipend, 29, 129storytelling, 183
strategicactivity/behaviour, 13, 38, 97decisions, 150partnership, 101–2, 104–5, 174planning, 182
strategyagreed, 102, 187bargaining over, 38business, 162change in, 72corporate social responsibility,
162, 164denominational, 7evolution of, 100formulation of, 122, 132funding, 187global, 36goal-directed, 40–1, 164in faith-based organization, 122in new contexts, 176management, 11robust, 152
Street Pastors, 132, 145, 155structural relationship, 55, 58, 60, 85,
102, 110, 112structure
ambiguous, 39appropriate, 132–3, 201authority. see authority structurebureaucratic, 1, 10, 12, 14, 21, 93career, 30cognitive, 163compliance. see compliance
structurecongregational, x, 7, 9, 11–12, 27,
43, 48, 77, 173 187, 192, 200contract, 158corporate social responsibility, 162democratic, 1denominational, x, 8–12, 14–15, 22,
30, 34, 42–3, 71, 78, 92, 95–6,103, 112, 145, 179–80, 192, 199
devolved, 36diocesan, 12, 19, 22, 33diverse, 48, 146, 193evolved, 193federal, 1flatter, 35
266 Subject Index
structure – continuedflexible, 178, 198from other sectors, 202funding, 183governance, 27, 35, 107, 138,
192, 201hierarchical, 77, 104, 192increasing, 52informal, 38, 163innovation, 179inter-faith, 134–5internal, 25layers, 179loose, 77management. see management
structuremanagement of, xmatrix, 177–8mission, 12national, 9, 12, 21, 31normative, 163of relationships, 158, 177of religious organization, xorganic, 180organizational, 6–7, 36, 40–1, 44,
48, 51, 120, 145parish/parochial, 151, 193payment, 183recruitment, 31regional, 9regulative, 163representative, 135social. see social structuresstate, 10, 65subsidiary, 193synodical, 192taller, 35theological, 98, 201traditional, 201–2two-tier, 128welfare, 147workgroup, 178
subgroup, 6, 21, 153subordinate, in private sector
organization, 13, 158subsidiarity, 140substance abuser, 155
supplier, 100–2, 160, 199preferred, 101–2, 105local, 176
Sure Start, 184synagogue, 89, 142–4, 185–6system
benefits, xvbureaucratic, 34business, 160denominational, 14legal, 157management, 41medical notes, 83open, 9, 64, 77–8, 197organizational, 6parish, 23, 118, 192patronage, 14values, 121, 162welfare, 148
target, 12, 26–7, 62tax
authorities, 54avoidance, 121, 153, 167bedroom, 165–6compensatory, 162exemptions, 54reclaim, 54, 128registration, 54Roman, 115, 117system, xv
teaching, xvii, 47–8, 53, 88, 99,136, 183
team, 38-building, 179challenges for, 178chaplaincy, 72, 79–82, 84–6,
99–100, 106–7, 109effective, 178flexible, 197independent, 71industrial mission. see team,
chaplaincyineffective, 178leadership. see leadership, teammanagement. see management,
teammerger, 79–80multi-disciplinary, 83–4
Subject Index 267
multi-faith, 106–7, 109spiritual caregivers, 83–4volunteer welcomers, 109working, 197
technology, 78, 190, 200change in. see change, technological
temple, 98, 115, 125, 137tension, 41, 43, 60, 75, 79, 99Thames Gateway, 182–3Thamesmead, 165–6The O2, 109, 167theological
changing, 98characteristics, 15, 96college, 30, 47, 192convictions, 10, 88, 145differences, 10, 32, 88, 91, 96, 98distinctiveness, 94factors, 201issues, 92language, 35literature, 140objectives, 74resources, 141structure. see structure, theologicaltendencies, 192training, 183underpinning, 90unities, 91, 96, 141values, 92views, 1, 92
theologyconservative, 94, 122, 145experimental, 77founding, 20liberal, 145liberation, 77local, 141mission, 79worship as location of, 96
third world solidarity, 147tit-for-tat, 103toddler group. see carers’ and toddlers’
grouptrade union, 38, 41, 73, 65, 93, 95tradition. see Christian traditiontraditional authority. see authority,
traditional
training, 13, 17congregational, 48, 78control of, 17course, 39, 46, 64, 72faith-friendly, 65lay, 78medical, 82of chaplains, 110of clergy, 30, 39, 46, 70, 72, 99safeguarding, 28–9secular, 181staff, 68volunteer, 194
transaction costs, 75transformation, 50, 82, 140,
171–2, 177transport, 3, 100, 168, 172, 176trial and error, 177Trussell Trust, 155, 166trust, 5
charitable, xv, 47, 54, 70, 128, 155culture of, see culture, of trustdeed, 129, 193development, 184development of, 127lack of, 102network of, 119patronage, 192patterns of, 119relationships of, 119, 135
trustee, 8, 48, 59, 76, 106–7, 109,128–9, 150, 152, 166, 200
recruitment. see recruitment oftrustees
unpaid, 128turbulence, 32, 103, 108twelve, the, 51–2
umbrella organization. seeorganization, umbrella
uncertainty, 39, 40, 158, 176–7, 198unecumenical, 97–8unemployment, 166unfreezing / changing / freezing, 178United Reformed Church, 111, 132United Society for the Propagation of
the Gospel, 70United States of America, 10, 31, 50,
54, 56, 58, 61, 121, 146, 199
268 Subject Index
unityChristian, 77, 89, 95–7Eucharistic, 96fundamental, 103in Christ, 91organic, 23organizational, 95–6ultimate, 107
university chaplain. see chaplain,university
unsocial hours, 74urban
change, 172community. see community,
urbanlife, 171mission, 154priority area, 131regeneration, 148, 174
utilitarianethics, 159compliance structure. see
compliance structure
valueschanging, 68–9economic, 159environmental, 161ideals of welfare, 62, 140internalization of, 75of staff member, 69of volunteer, 69, 149organizational, 63, 68, 74–5,
120, 162personal, 69, 148religious, 63, 68, 140, 147, 149, 173secular, 68shared, 123system, 121theological, 92, 140–1
Vatican, 77Vineyard Churches, 78, 183violence, ix, 114, 186voluntary
action, 8, 144–6, 161association, 8, 95, 106, 192congregation as, 198funding, 16. see also congregation,
funding
labour, 63, 128, 147, 149, 199management, 12. see also
management, voluntaryspiritual care as, 83street pastor, 132trustee, 8, 60work, 150
voluntary organization, 7–8as business, 8challenges, 151, 185–7, 194–6charitable status of, 54clergy in, 22contract, 151, 163culture of trust in, 129. see also
culture of trustestablishment of, 173formalization in. see formalizationfunding of, 120–1, 146, 150,
187–8, 194governance of, 150hierarchical, 15hybridization, 151–2isomorphism in, 8, 149, 151. see also
isomorphismmanagement of, 36merger with faith-based
organization, 80national, 16partnership, 8path dependent, 121purpose of, 120rules designed for, 128Salvation Army as, 71secular, 67, 80, 84, 121, 149, 187–8small, 150social action, 67social capital of, 121. see also capital,
socialsocial justice work, 155staff member, 64, 150, 186, 194. see
also staff memberuntidy, 12
voluntary sector, 8, 55, 202academies in, 61appraisal in, 13as mediating institution, 119as secular, 60authority structure internal, x, 42bureaucratization of, 8
Subject Index 269
challenges, 185–7funding, 61housing associations in, 59hybridization in, 150isomorphism in, 8. see also
isomorphismliterature, xiimanager, 8, 64management theory, 62organization. see voluntary
organizationownership by paid staff, 8relationship with congregations, 69,
122, 173–4relationship with faith-based
organizations, 53, 55–7, 60, 64,74, 122, 126, 174, 194, 196
relationships with other sectors,104, 129, 149
relationship with religious sector,123, 126, 169, 187, 192
religious organizations in/not in, 57representative of, 122, 126secular, 120, 149trustee, 64, 76umbrella organization, 8university departments, 202welfare project/role, 120, 146, 148–9see also secular voluntary sector
volunteeras resource, 126chaplain, 85, 100, 109Christian, 126, 144–5, 166, 194–5.
see also Christian volunteeringfemale, 145from secular sector, 64in congregation, 146, 149,
187–8, 200in faith-based organization, 50, 74,
146, 149, 166, 195, 200in hospice, 83in inter-faith forum, 123–4in mission organization, 51in religious organization, 149, 187in secular organization, 107, 122,
144–6leader. see leader, volunteermanagement of, 186–8, 194motivation of, 62
ownership by, 8personal objectives/values of, 69,
74–5, 151, 194recruitment. see recruitment,
volunteerrelationship with client, 59religious, 145, 151, 194–5secular, 64training ofvalues of. see values, of volunteerwelcome, 109
Wandsworth, 148water supply, 157way of being, 150welfare. see social welfare
budget, 129ideals of, 62, 140–1, 150public, 149relationship to social justice, 152spiritual, 148state, 152see also utilitarian ethics
wellbeing, 150, 152Welfare and Religion in a European
Perspective (WREP) researchproject, 141, 156
welfare provision, x, 138buildings for, 147Christian, 144, 146congregational, 2, 113, 144–5, 150,
155, 164contract for, 122, 150, 156faith-based, 120–1, 126, 129, 146,
149, 152, 155, 163–4, 169, 202funding of, 146gap-filling, 156holistic 151material, 156mediator, 148multi-faith, 100non-material, 156religious, 120–1, 126, 129, 136, 141,
146–7, 149–53, 155–6, 202secular, 147State, 136, 148, 156, 167structured, 147–8see also social welfare
whistle-blower, 162
270 Subject Index
widow, 51–2, 114, 140, 144women
as faith community representatives,124–5
clergy, 95Greek, 186group of, 99leading, 185leading on welfare and social
justice, 121–2ministry of, 78Muslim, 99relational work, 153religious orders, 70volunteers, 145
Word/word of God, 51, 90–1, 186,190–1
word and deed, x, 18, 50, 72–3, 76, 80,190, 192
workcaring, 153full-time, routine, 197group, 175, 177–8hard, 4, 177in city, 172in community, 169life balance, 177long hours at, 187multitasking, 177of congregation, 61of minister, 28, 30of missioner, 51paid, 150people into, 166processes, 157–8standardization of, 158
workerautonomous, 175, 197community. see community workerconsultation of, 175economic conditions of, 38franchise, 31housing association, 60local, 176, 194loyalty, 175
overseas, 48task-oriented, 178values of, 74
workingclass. see class, workingconditions, 38, 175group, 135life, quality of, 159team, 197week, 94
workplace chaplain. see chaplain,workplace
workplace chaplaincy, 72see also industrial mission
worshipas charitable, 61as activity and definition of
congregation/religousorganization, x, 1, 18, 30, 33,44–5, 51, 53, 72–3, 80–1, 94, 96,120, 138, 145, 148, 173, 188,190, 192–3
as imperative, x, 13, 44–5, 76, 202cultural adaptation, 77ecumenical, 96–7event, 71, 109–10experiment, 77in new community, 169, 173–4,
181, 183information-rich, 198inter-faith, 98–9, 110location of theology, 96public, 120volunteer labour for, 147words and actions of, 130words of, 130
youngadults, 19, 182people, 26, 72–3, 155, 163
youthclub, 26, 147provision, 163, 182work, 7, 74worker, 31, 163