bicol inductry

OVERVIEWOF THE PILI INDUSTRY

Bicol Region

OVERVIEWOF THE PILI INDUSTRY

Bicol Region

Rose ImperialEdited by RG Maghirang

August 2006

Rose ImperialEdited by RG Maghirang

August 2006

Pili Congress, August 17-18, 2006, Naga City, PhilippinesPili Congress, August 17-18, 2006, Naga City, Philippines

PHILIPPINE PILI NUT(Canarium ovatum, Engl)

“Pili” is one of 600 species in the Family Burseraceaea, Genus Canarium linneaus and species Canarium ovatum Engl.

“Pili” trees are attractive symmetrically shaped evergreens, averaging 20 meters tall with resinous wood and resistance to strong wind.

As in papaya (paw-paw) and rambutan, functional hemophrodites exists in pili. Pollination is by insects.

Flowering of pili is frequent and fruits ripen through a prolonged period of time (about 8-9 months).

IntroductionIntroduction

Source: Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Sorsogon Provincial Office


The “Pili” fruit is a drupe, 4 – 7 cm long, 2.3 – 3.8 cm in diameter and weighs 15.7 – 45.7 grams.

The skin is smooth, thin, shinny and turns purplish black when the fruit ripens.

The pulp is fibrous, fleshy and greenish yellow in color with a pointed shape-end hard thick shell.

Inside the shell, is an embryo seed with thin brownish fibrous coating.

This seed or kernel is an edible nut – thus called “PILI NUT.”

PHILIPPINE PILI NUT(Canarium ovatum, Engl)PHILIPPINE PILI NUT(Canarium ovatum, Engl)



Most “pili nut or kernels” tend to stick to the shell when fresh, but comes off easily after being dried to about 30-32 degree celsius for 27-28 drying hours with approximate moisture content of 3%-5%. Shell nuts, with lower moisture content of about 2.5 -4.5%, can be stored for one year without quality deterioration.

The most important product from the pili is the nut or kernel with high commercial value. When raw, it resembles the flavor of roasted pumpkin seed, and when roasted, its mild, nutty flavor and tender crisp texture is superior to that of almond.


PHILIPPINE PILI NUT(Canarium ovatum, Engl)PHILIPPINE PILI NUT(Canarium ovatum, Engl)


ProductivityProductivity

The pili tree is considered an organically grown treewithout any application of chemicals, pesticides and fungicides for the duration of growth, fruit production and harvest. The average tree starts bearing fruits 6-7 years after planting with an estimated average fruit yield of 1,000 -2,000 fruits per tree. However, there are strain of certain varieties that bears flower at 3-4 years after planting. Pilitrees could grow and last for a century.

Pili trees vary much in their fruit bearing capacity. The low or poor bearing trees may produce 500 fruits each or less; and the high yielding or heavy fruit producers can give about 3,000 to 5,000 fruits per season. The older the tree, the more fruits it bears. It is estimated that an average tree produce 33 kilos of pili nuts in one year.



Harvesting & Post Harvest Harvesting & Post Harvest HandlingHandling

Fruits are harvested when fully matured. The maturity index for pili is the full purplish

black pulp of the whole fruit. Fruits do not mature at the same time during the

season. Harvesting is done once or twice a month by

climbing the tree and using a bamboo pole with a wire hook and net at the end.

Harvest season begins as early as May to August and occasionally until September.

The peak season for harvest is July.Source: Department of Trade and Industry (DTI), Sorsogon Provincial Office


Harvesting & Post Harvest Harvesting & Post Harvest HandlingHandling

a. Depulping – It is the removal of the flesh or pulp; and is done by soaking in hot water treatment or by applying a slight mechanical force in order to cut open the pulp and remove from the hard shell.

b. Washing and Drying – Shell nuts are dipped in water tank/containers and cleaned to remove the slimy material adhering to the shell. Shell nuts that float are removed. These are either unfilled or devoid of kernel inside. Shell nuts are then dried, usually under the sun, for 2-3 days sufficient enough for at least a year of storage. Prolonged drying of more than 3 days will cause shriveling of kernels.

c. Storage – Nuts can be stored either with shell (unshelled) or kernels/nut (shelled). The nuts are placed in clean 50 kgs sack, placed in pallets and stored in well aerated storage room, away from the walls to prevent contact with moisture.



Pili Product And Product UsesPiliPili Product And Product UsesProduct And Product Uses

The Pili Nut/Kernel can be eaten in raw form, roasted or salted and has a high content of oil, a very good source of essential fatty acids – oleic and linoleic acids, which according to experts are good for the heart.

Pili oil is highly comparable or better than olive oil with various food applications from salad dressings, cooking oils to food manufacturing substitutes. Whereas, the pilinut/kernel can be used as snacks, mixed into dried fruits and other nut products, applied in breakfast cereals, confectionery products, bakery and baked product toppings and even in ice cream products.



NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF PILI *NUTRITIONAL COMPOSITION OF PILI *(100 gm Edible Portion (100 gm Edible Portion –– Raw Raw PiliPili))

0.400.40NiacinNiacin

0.950.95ThiamineThiamine

2.602.60IronIron

3.003.00SodiumSodium

7.117.11CopperCopper

11.1711.17ZincZinc

12.0012.00RiboflavinRiboflavin2.92.9AshAsh

29.0029.00Ascorbic AcidAscorbic Acid3.23.2CarbohydratesCarbohydrates

135.00135.00CalciumCalcium3.23.2Dietary FiberDietary Fiber

489.00489.00PotassiumPotassium8.08.0WaterWater

520.00520.00PhosphorousPhosphorous14.214.2ProteinProtein

606.00606.00MagnesiumMagnesium68.568.5FatFat

Amount (mg)Amount (mg)MICRONUTRIENTSMICRONUTRIENTSAmount (gm)Amount (gm)COMPOSITIONCOMPOSITION

* Source: Food Composition Table Food and Nutrition Research Institute (FNRI)Department of Science and Technology


Raw Material Major SourceRaw Material Major Source

Pili trees are predominantly located in the Bicol Region about 420 kms. southern part of Luzon. Other pili tree areas are sporadically located in Southern Manila, Southern Visayas, Southern Mindanao, and the province of Caraga. However, among these places, Bicol region is the major producer and source of Pili Nut/kernel; accounting to about 82% of national production volume. The greatest bulk, about 60% of Bicol production comes from the province of Sorsogon.



Bicol is the largest pili producing regionin the country. It accounts for 82% of the total volume of production in 2005.

CALABARZON

MIMAROPA

BICOL REGION

WESTERNVISAYASCENTRALVISAYASEASTERNVISAYASNORTHERNMINDANAODAVAO REGION

SOCCKSARGEN

Source: BAS

82% - Bicol Region

12% - EV


BICOL REGION PILI INDUSTRY SITUATION(as of July, 2006)

. Area Planted: 7,046.5 hectares

. Volume of Production: 5,243 MT

. No. of Bearing Trees: 221,250

Source: DA


Total Area Planted (Ha.) - By Province(as of July, 2006)

2,435

687

1,833.5

407

1,684

Source: DA-RFU-5


Year Area planted (has)2000 - 5,4492001 - 6,0792002 - 6,671 2003 - 6,9172004 - 6,9272005 - 7,009.52006 (July) - 7,046.5

From 2000 to July 2006, area planted for piliposted an increase of around 29.3%.From 2000 to July 2006, area planted for piliposted an increase of around 29.3%.

Source: DA-RFU-5

AREA PLANTED (In Hectares)AREA PLANTED (In Hectares)


VOLUME OF PRODUCTION (MT)VOLUME OF PRODUCTION (MT)

For the past five years, pili production in the region increased sharply to 36% in 2002 and settled at 11% growth rate in 2003 and 2005 except for 2004 with growth rate of only 5%.

Yield Data for the past five years:Year Yield Growth Rate2001 2,546 2002 3,457 36 %2003 3,832 11 % 2004 4,025 5 % 2005 4,462 11 %

Source: BAS


PRODUCTION TRENDS (MT) BY PROVINCE

PRODUCTION TRENDS (MT) BY PROVINCE

Source: BAS

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

2001

2002

2003

2004

2005

Albay

Cam.Norte

Cam. Sur

Cat'n.

Sorsogon


Number of Bearing Trees,

By Province CY 2005

Number of Bearing Trees,

By Province CY 2005

80,809

10,436

31,534

10,201

88,270

Alb CNorte CSur Cat Sor


Number of Non-bearing Trees,

By Province CY 2005

Number of Non-bearing Trees,

By Province CY 2005

160,995

57,445

150,523

30,545

80,027

Alb CNorte CSur Cat Sor


FOUNDATION SCION GROVESAND NURSERIES

FOUNDATION SCION GROVESAND NURSERIES

2 nurseries

2 sites FSG - 478 trees maint.

1 nursery

1 site FSG- 466 trees maint.

2 nurseries

2 sites FSG -

422 Trees maint.

1 Nursery

2 sites FSG -142 trees maint.

1 nursery

1 site FSG - 70 trees maint.

Map

1 nursery 1 Site FSG –

29 trees


MARKET FLOW OF PILI FRUITS FROM FARMERS TO CONSUMERS IN BICOLMARKET FLOW OF PILI FRUITS FROM MARKET FLOW OF PILI FRUITS FROM FARMERS TO CONSUMERS IN BICOLFARMERS TO CONSUMERS IN BICOL

Processors/Retailers

Wholesalers/Processors

FinalConsumerFARMERS Assemblers

(Traders)


Number of Pili Processors in the Bicol Region

Number of Pili Processors in the Bicol Region

NUMBERNUMBER651168

144

PROVINCEPROVINCEALBAYALBAYCAM. SURCAM. SURSORSOGONSORSOGONTOTALTOTAL


COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICE TRENDSPili Unshelled Nuts (“Lagting”)

In Pesos Per Kilo( CY 2005 – August, 2006)

COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICE TRENDSPili Unshelled Nuts (“Lagting”)

In Pesos Per Kilo( CY 2005 – August, 2006)

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

2005

2006

Source: DA

(Ps.)


COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICE TRENDS“Pili Kernel” In Pesos Per Kilo (CY 2005 - August, 2006)

COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICE TRENDS“Pili Kernel” In Pesos Per Kilo (CY 2005 - August, 2006)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec.

2005

2006

Source: DA

(Ps.)


COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICEOF PILI UNSHELLED NUTS (“Lagting”)

In Pesos Per Kilo By Province (January – August, 2006)

COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICEOF PILI UNSHELLED NUTS (“Lagting”)

In Pesos Per Kilo By Province (January – August, 2006)

05

101520253035

Jan.

Feb.

March

AprilMayJu

neJu

ly Aug.

AlbayCam. NorteCam. SurSorsogon

Source: DA

(Ps.)


COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICEOF PILI KERNEL (In Pesos Per Kilo)

By Province (January – August, 2006)

COMPARATIVE MONTHLY PRICEOF PILI KERNEL (In Pesos Per Kilo)

By Province (January – August, 2006)

0

50

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

Jan. Feb. March April May June July Aug.

Albay

Cam.Norte

Cam. Sur

Sorsogon

Source: DA

Pcs.


Some Local Buyers/Processors Volume Requirement(kernel)

MRS. AVELINA MIRANDARPM Pili Candies any volume availableElias Angeles Cor. Prieto St.Naga City Tel. No. 473-6551

MR. RICARDO VILLAROYAGubat Sorsogon, any volume availablec/o AURORA VILLAROYANaga City – PetronTel. No. 472-3678/811-1791

LOCAL BUYERS AND VOLUME REQUIREMENTSLOCAL BUYERS AND VOLUME REQUIREMENTS


Some Local Buyers/Processors Volume Requirement (kernel)

MR. JOSEPH LOMIBAOJ. Emmanuel PastriesJacana St., RJ Village any volume availableHaring, Canaman, Camarines SurTel. No. 474-5160

MS. MARILOU LANUZANicolette’s Pili CandiesOnyx St., Filoville Subd., 1000 kilos per monthNaga CityTel. No. 472-9614

MS. NELSON ANCIANO477 Grd. Flr., SupermarketNaga City 3000 kilos per monthTel. No. 811-5325


Some Local Buyers/Processors Volume Requirement(kernel)

Mr. MELINIO NACION 1 to 2 tons dailyNacion Trading, Daraga, AlbayTel. No. 483-4042

MS. ASTRIA SALVADOR any volume available

Sorsogon Producers and Processors AssociationSorsogon City


DOMESTIC BUYERS

1. Ruben See Raw Pilinut, pili oil &See’s Int’l Food Mtg. other processed piliManila

2. Jimmy FalcatanDalisay Sweets Raw PilinutManila

3. Rosalinda Tan Pili oil & other piliOPTA, Manila processed products


FOREIGN BUYERS

1. David Wei Raw PilinutGuanzhou, China

2. Seth Pruzansky Raw Pilinut, pili oil &Brodoinham, ME, USA other processed piliBrodoinham; ME, USA

3. Art Gramilla Roasted piliAustralia


GLOBAL BUYERSGLOBAL BUYERSGLOBAL BUYERS

The Philippines has exported The Philippines has exported pilipili nuts to the nuts to the United States, Hawaii, Germany, France, Great United States, Hawaii, Germany, France, Great Britain, Japan, Britain, Japan, HongkongHongkong and China.and China.

For the Brea, or Manila For the Brea, or Manila elimielimi, our country , our country exported to the United States, Great Britain,exported to the United States, Great Britain,France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Cuba, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands, Cuba, China, Hong China, Hong kongkong and Japan.and Japan.


Seven (7) pili varieties are now accreditedby the National Seed Industry Council(NSIC) namely:

Magnaye M. OrolfoLaysa Mayon 1Lanuza Mayon 2Magayon

Important developmentsImportant developments


The Pili Research and TrainingCenter has developed an improvedcleft grafting technique with70-90% success which are nowadopted by plant propagator inthe region. With this breakthroughDA was able to clone elite pilicultivars from the wilds.

Important developments…Important developments…


Pili can be intercropped with othercrops and generate high Return onInvestment (ROI); Research studieson Pili-based cropping system showedan encouraging results as follows:

Crops ROI

Pili + Sweet Potato - 347 %Pili + Cassava - 318 %Pili + Gabi - 484 %Pili + Peanut - 73 %Pili + Mongo - 53 %



Established 8 nurseries, 9 Foundatio Scion Groves with 1,607 Pili Mother trees and germplasmbank maintained for quality plant materials production;

Established 483 hectares Pili Techno. Demo./ Orchard Farms using sexual and asexually propagated pili seedlings produced at DA production stations.



PILI TECHNO. DEMO./ORCHARD FARMS ESTABLISHED ( In Hectares – as of July, 2006)PILI TECHNO. DEMO./ORCHARD FARMS ESTABLISHED ( In Hectares – as of July, 2006)

TOTALTOTAL

1061067878

22122155886565

483 483

AsexualAsexual

62623434

1231235588

5050282282

SexualSexual

444444449898----1515

201201

ProvinceProvince

AlbayAlbayCam. NorteCam. NorteCam. Cam. SurSurCatCat’’nn..MasbateMasbateSorsogonSorsogonBICOLBICOL


Design and developed a depulpingmachine for pili with an average depulping capacity of 250 kg./ha or5 bags/hr, efficiency of 84% and afuel consumption of 1.36 liter/hr.The machine could recover waste pulpat an estimated quantity of 630 metrictons. This quantity if converted intofeed ingredients would value to aroundPs. 2.3 Million.



Improved Processing , Packagingand Labeling of Pilinuts Products;

Establishment of Pili Pulp Oil Production(In coordination with LGU of SorsogonCity, DOST assisted Ms. Melinda Yeein the commercial production of pilioil through a processing technologythat is appropriate at the farm level)



The Bureau of Agriculture andFishery Product Standard (BAFPS)approved the Philippine NationalStandards (PNS) for Pilinuts. Thisstandards applies to shelled pilinuts

of cultivars grown from Canariumovatum Engl. of the family Burseraceae, an indigenous crop of the Philippines.Pilinuts will be supplied shelled anddried.



Bicol Pili Board now exist in the regionto serve as a vehicle to unify/linkthe various key commodity playersto ensure sustainability of the piliindustry;

The existence of organized Pili Growersand Pili Processors Associations whichcan be tapped to produce and supplyfresh, semi-processed and processespili products.



The Province of Albay passed and approvedan ordinance effective Jan. 3, 2000 granting tax exemption and other privileges to landowners planting pili in commercial farmproduction as follows:

- Full exemption on real property taxes for the first six years starting from period of planting extended to landowners with 1-5 hectaresplanted to Pili.

- Free seedlings from 100 to 150 per hectare based on the distance of 10X10and 8X8 meters, respectively.



The Province of Sorsogon, under Provincial Executive Order No. 8 issued by Governor Raul Lee, created the Sorsogon Provincial Pili Industry Council to accelerate pili industry and spearhead a Pili Dispersal Program in the province.

The Regional Technical Working Group on Pilicomposed of members from the academe (BU, CSSAC), DOST DTI, DA, and the Chairman of the Bicol Pili Board, drafted and will soon finalize the PiliIndustry Development Plan (CY 2006-2015) for submission to the Committee on Agriculture and Food of the House of Representative (in aid of legislation).



Issues and ConcernsIssues and Concerns

1.Production Technology

• Presence of pest and diseases particularly the “Tayaganwon disease”;

• Limited supply of quality planting materials;• Low yield and production of unfilled/ half-

filled nuts;• Inadequate financial support for mass

production.


2. Post Harvest Technology

• Insufficient processing and packaging technology leads to short shelf life of the products;

• Unavailability of cost savings post harvest and processing facilities;

• Unexploited utilization of pili for commercial/ industrial uses;

• Lack of capital/support services on post –harvest/processing activities.



3. Marketing

• Lack of market information;

• No existing standards or monitoring structureregarding the quality and the prices ofpilinut products;

• Lack of market infrastructure.



Priority ThrustsPriority Thrusts

1. Expansion of production areas for domestic and export market.

2. Production of quality planting materials from seed board varieties through improved

propagation techniques and nursery accreditation.

3.Increase pili production through improvedtechnology.


4. Improve/develop quality pili products and by-products with market potential;

5. Develop, fabricate and field-test appropriatetools and equipments to facilitate harvesting/processing and reduce postharvest losses;

6. Improve capabilities of stakeholders andentrepreneurs to engage in profitablepost harvest handling and processingactivities for pili;


7. Undertake market development and promotion for pili products and by-products;

8. Provision of adequate market infrastructure;

9. Establish a comprehensive and updatedregional pilinut industry profile as industrydatabase;

Priority Thrusts…Priority Thrusts…


10. Develop, disseminate and implement aregulatory system for pili food products andby–products processing to attain competitivequality standards;

11. Strengthen and sustain strong linkage and collaboration among pili industrystakeholders;

12. Conduct policy researches for a soundand conducive policy environment forthe pili industry.

Priority Thrusts…Priority Thrusts…

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