Big Commitments, Slow Results
An Assessment on President Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono’s Climate Change Policies 2004-2014
Avi Mahaningtyas, Asep Firdaus, Patrick Anderson
Indonesia Update, Canberra, 20 September 2014
SBY Climate Commitments Time Line
2007-2009
Bali Roadmap, REDD
Reducing GHG Emissions by 26% to 41% by 2020
ICCTF blueprint launch
2010
National Task Force on REDD+
Consultation on REDD+ Strategy
9 REDD+ provinces, Central Kal as pilot
2011 – 2012 Licensing Moratorium
MP3EI Launch
Action Plan to Reduce GHG
National Strategy on REDD+
One Map Movement
Tenure and conflict resolution
REDD+ Strategy 11 Provinces
2013 Extended Moratorium
MoA 12 Ministries and State Agency on Forest Gazettement
Compliance audit for plantations
MK35 Constitutional Court Ruling
Claim and Verification
2014
National Initiative for IPs Protection
National Inquiry for Violation against Ips’ rights
National Action Plan in Combating Corruption
One Data system
Deforestation rate 450,000 - 840.000 ha. Moratorium area shrunk by 5 million ha.
Forest fires. Deforestation-driven development implementation. Conflict, unilateral
gazettement, forest-license corruption; criminalization of communities and IPs,
impunity of corporate crime.
Land cover and concession maps
Reference?
How licensing
process eat our
forest?
Which numbers do you like to use?
Who must be held accountable?
Current Status of Moratorium Area
THEINDICATIVEMORATORIUMMAP(IMM)HASBEENIMPROVED5TIMES,NEXTUPDATEWILLBEONMAY2014
Currentstatusonmoratoriumarea
Source:MoratoriumWorkingGroupAnalysis
2
MoFData(forest
license)and
Bappenas/
Wetlands
(peatland)
IMM0 IMM1 IMM2 IMM3 IMM4
69.144.073Ha
65.533.328Ha
65.281.892Ha
64.796.237Ha
64.677.029Ha
MoFData(license),
MoAgr(Peatland),
BPN(concession)
IMM2+new
data(largeconcession
fromMoEMRhasnot
acquired)
IMM1+MoEMR
(concession),MoTWF
(Transmigra on),
MoHA(license)
IMM3+newdata
(MoHA–
only29%local
governmentsinvolved)
-3.610.744Ha -251.436Ha -485.655Ha -119.208Ha
20/5/2011 20/11/2011 20/5/2012 20/11/2012 20/5/2013
IMM5
64.701.287Ha
IMM4+newdata
(addi onalpeatland/
forestsurveyand
spa alplan)
13/11/2013
+24.257Ha
Reducing deforestation: Brazil and
Indonesia
Conclusions
Good commitments on climate change policies at global and national level. This supported good governance and law enforcement initiatives.
Not strategic in utilizing political momentum; untimely in taking decisions.
Climate change policies involve complex governance issues. MUST address corruption, sources of revenue for ministries, political parties and corporate-supporters of political parties and government.
Institutional conflicts, contested laws and unresolved conflicts between companies and communities are left for the next administration to tackle.
Environment problems in Indonesia
New Environment
Law 32/2009
Momentum for improvement
Enforcement
Creatiing
expectation to
change
Powerless Institution
Ministry of Environment
Sectoral Ministries:
- Energy and mining
- Plantations
- Forestry
Politically powerless:
Supervision
Law Enforcement
Cases
Tripa peat
swamp in Aceh in violation of the law for
using fire to clear 1,000 hectares of peat forest
must pay compensation amounting Rp.114.333.419.000 (approx. $1 million) material costs.
must undertake environmental remediation at a cost of Rp. 251 765 250 000 ($2.5 million)
Its license revoked.
PT. Kallista
Alam
The Supreme Court ruled that the Exploration License
of PT. SG was unlawful
Due to lack of EIA.
Exploration License in
Central java
PT. Semen
Gresik
Hotel Development in East Java
PT. Rayja
Own Hotel Rayja sued one
of the residents for obstructing development
The courts ruled that the
activists actions were
legitimate, that the hotel
building permits were invalid
and ordered the company
to pay material restitution.
Conclusions
The release of new environment law actually provided a great opportunity to SBY administration to realize its promises on environmental issues.
The progressive court decisions give some hope for the future despite the weak efforts in environmental law enforcement by the SBY administration.
Going forward, the new government of Jokowi needs to be consistent in the enforcement of environmental laws, it needs to strengthen the ministry of Environment so that it is able to defend the environment against the stronger ministries, and it needs to issue the government regulations mandated in the Environment Law that will allow it to be implemented.
