Using Big Data for Population Health

Bradford W. Hesse, PhDChief, Health Communication and Informatics Research Branch

Apple Announces “Research Kit” in March 2015: “Share the Journey” in Breast Cancer

Source: Hesse, B. W. (2008). Of mice and mentors: developing cyber-infrastructure to support transdisciplinary scientific collaboration. Am J Prev Med, 35(2 Suppl), S235-239.

Augmenting Human Intellect

Three Conditions:

Make intuitive

Connect knowledge

Connect people

Make intuitive

Inform Support Decisions

Educate Persuade

Nelson, Hesse, Croyle, 2009

Make intuitive

Knowledge in the Head*

Knowledge in The World*

Task Relevant Schemata

General model

Norman, D. A. (1988). The psychology of everyday things. New York, Basic Books.

Chapter 4: Visual Displays

SOURCE: http://alleydog.com/topics/sensation_and_perception.php

Perceptual Basics

source: Carpenter PA, Shah P. A model of the perceptual and conceptual processes in graph comprehension. J Educ Psychol. 1999, 91(4): 690-702.

• Constructive process

• Gaze goes to center for pattern

• Contiguous labels for meaning

• Left to right tendency in western culture

• Perceptual rules guide meaning

Cognitive / Perceptual Research

source: Carpenter PA, Shah P. A model of the perceptual and conceptual processes in graph comprehension. J Educ Psychol. 1999, 91(4): 690-702.

• Constructive process

• Gaze goes to center for pattern

• Contiguous labels for meaning

• Left to right tendency in western culture

• Perceptual rules guide meaning

Visualizing Long Term Change

• Constructive process

• Gaze goes to center for pattern

• Contiguous labels for meaning

• Left to right tendency in western culture

• Perceptual rules guide meaning

Hans Rosling, BBC

Visualizing Change Dynamically

Monitoring for Change in EHR Systems Aging In Place, Intel

Rule of Thumb* for “Big Data” Systems

• Overview

• Zoom / filter

• Details on demand

*Ben Shneiderman, R01   CA172732-01

Overcome “small numbers” bias

Exceptional Case

Fallacy of small numbers;Tversky & Kahneman, 1971

Illnesses322,000,000

Hospitalizations21,000,000

Prevented

Deaths732,000

Fagerlin, A., Ubel, P. A., Smith, D. M., & Zikmund-Fisher, B. J. (2007). Making numbers matter: present and future research in risk communication. Am J Health Behav, 31 Suppl 1, S47-56.

Icon arrays designed to convey natural frequencies

Angie Fagerlin Brian Zikmund-Fisher

Introducing a Dynamic DimensionChoropleth Maps: CDC Obesity Trends, BRFSS 1985

Nonsegmented geographic data

Isopleth “Weather Maps,” HINTS

Juxtaposing geographic distributions

Mortality Maps (SEER): Lung Cancer Mortality

For Example: Knowledge Maps (HINTS): Does Smoking Cause Cancer?

Added User Controls 14 datasets spanning 6 years

NSF, NIH Collaboration

Disolving Barriers Between Clinical and Community Health

source: Hesse, Bradford W. (2007). Public Health Informatics. In M. C. Gibbons (Ed.), eHealth Solutions for Healthcare Disparities (pp. 109-129). New York, NY: Springer.

“Simplicity is about

subtracting the obvious, and

adding the meaningful.”*

*Maeda, J. (2006). The laws of simplicity. Cambridge, Mass., MIT Press.

National Committee on Vital and Health

Statistics, 2001

Connect knowledge (data)

Hesse BW. Public Health Informatics. In: Gibbons MC, editor. eHealth Solutions for Healthcare Disparities. New York, NY: Springer; 2007. p. 109-129.

Healthcare Provider: Data to Inform Care

Healthcare Provider: Creating a “Learning Healthcare System”

Learning Healthcare System

Healthcare Provider: Improving Quality of Care

Clinical / Public Health: Empowering hospitals to manage population health

See also: Hesse BW, Nelson DE, Rutten LF, Moser RP, Beckjord EB, Chou W-YS. National Health Communication Surveillance Systems. In: D. K. Kim ASGLK, ed. Global Health Communication Strategies in the 21st Century: Design, Implementation, and Evaluation. New York, NY: Peter Lang; In Press.

.

Public Health: Connecting knowledge on the public health side

Public Health: Enabling community action by connecting community data systems

Public Health: Enabling “Smart Cities”

Kevin Patrick

Public Health: Data mining in social media space.

Georgia Tourassi

Public / Personal: “Data Altruism:” Donating personal data for the public good

“I’m happy to contribute [my data] if it could contribute to, say, a larger study where there could be some additional knowledge.”

-Individual

Personal Health: Use personal data to track progress, nudge behavior, share decisions

Health Kit

ResearchKit

Personal / Clinical: E.g., Sensor-based monitoring to reduce risk of dehydration

Karen Basen-Engquist

Susan Peterson

Personal / Clinical / Public: Kaiser Southern California, Personal Health Plan

“We use online Personal Action Plans (health alerts, data visualizations, reminders, personalized content, email), and results are impressive:”

Within 90 days of identifying a care gap … 6X pap screens completed, … 6X mammograms completed, … 10 X CRC screening completed

Nirav ShahVP & COO,

Kaiser So Cal

Clinical / Personal / Public Health: Reducing disparities: Colon Cancer

Deficits in:

Usability

Interoperability

Communication

Connect people

Connect people

Connect people

“What research question would you ask if you had access to all the data in

the world?”

Fortune Magazine, January 2007

Test question from Google to potential academic partners (most failed).

November 18, 2014 by Colin Carson10-15 exabytes

Can we identify gene variants that modulate drug efficacy when searching through p values for associations between

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms & phenotype?

Manhattan Plot

Genome Wide Association Studies

What questions will you ask?

http://ann.sagepub.com/content/current Thank you!

Slideshare.nethttp://www.slideshare.net/BradfordHesse