Big Idea As the biotic potential of a population increases, the
population will incur more environmental resistance as the carrying
capacity is reached
Slide 3
interbreeding assemblages of a single species in an area
Slide 4
can be expressed by 2 different curves J curve S curve
Slide 5
TIME POPULATION Population growth at slow rate which increases
quickly, because total # of potentially reproducing organisms
increases [exponential].
Slide 6
Slide 7
Population size does have a limit (food, space, etc). After
species have a large growth in population, it will level off
POPULATION TIME
Slide 8
Slide 9
the maximum rate at which any individual can reproduce
Slide 10
factors in the environment that impede population growth
Slide 11
maximum population that an ecosystem can support
Slide 12
Populations approaching their biotic potential begin to
encounter environmental resistance, whereupon growth slows as the
carrying capacity is reached.
Slide 13
Rapidly growing populations can overshoot, or quickly rise
above the environments carry capacity.
Slide 14
This can bring harsh pressures on their own numbers and a
population crash, rapid decline or can result.
Slide 15
Slide 16
Slide 17
Slide 18
Rate of natural increase can be positive, negative, or
zero.
Slide 19
Density Dependent Controls Competition for resources Predation
Parasitism disease
Slide 20
Density Independent Controls Effect a population regardless of
size: - floods - hurricanes - severe drought - fire - habitat
destruction - pesticide spraying
Slide 21
R-Strategist Species Have a capacity for a high rate of
population growth Tend to be opportunists; reproducing and
dispersing rapidly when conditions are favorable Offspring mature
quickly
Slide 22
K-Strategist Species Reproduce late and have few offspring with
long generation times Offspring mature slowly Tend to live
longer
Slide 23
Slide 24
Slide 25
human hydra dandilion
Slide 26
the populations living and interacting together in an area
Slide 27
Slide 28
Slide 29
Slide 30
Slide 31
Sexual Dimorphism differences between males and females of the
same species clearest dimorphism is between gamete size (leads to
behavioral differences)
Slide 32
Females gametes: large, nutrient-filled, expensive to produce,
limited in number and produced infrequently. Male gametes: small,
no nutrients, cheap to produce, constantly made
Slide 33
Sexual Selection trait that gives an advantage in acquiring
mates and producing offspring occurs in two forms: 1. out-compete
members of the same sex for access to mates i.e. Madagascar
Tortoise 2. evolve preferences for desirable qualities in potential
mates i.e. Blue Footed Booby
Slide 34
Female Reproductive Strategy seek quality not quantity look for
certain criteria Physical Features: size and strength which confer
dominance and thus preferential access to resources. Behavioral
Features: most desirable (alpha) males.
Slide 35
Male Reproductive Strategy less choosy seek quantity will take
any sexual opportunity compete with other males for access to
females small number of males will achieve the most matings, while
many males will never mate.
Slide 36
Parental Investment(PI) Any investment in an offspring that
increases the offsprings chances of surviving (and hence
reproducing) In most species, females invest heavily in their
offspring while males do not.
Slide 37
WOMEN POWER! female is always 100% certain that an offspring is
hers . male cannot be sure to avoid cuckoldry male must continually
provide resources, PI, and protection so the female wont be tempted
to cheat
Slide 38
Blue Footed Booby mating dance
Slide 39
Penguins life partner
Slide 40
Green Winged Teal gang rape females many times killing her in
the process
Slide 41
Sea Lions harem non alpha males= rape
Slide 42
Lions harem take over other harems
Slide 43
Chimpanzees Promiscuous female children stay with mom until
teens
Slide 44
Peacocks sexual dimorphism
Slide 45
African Elephants taste females urine to test for estrous
larger more alpha male preferred
Slide 46
after copulation, male and female may remain connected for up
to a half hour