EAGA’s total merchandise trade grew at an annual average rate of 14% between 2009 and 2013. Total trade in 2013 increased by 0.18% and was valued at US$166.34 billion with total surplus of US$72 billion.
International trade is increasing but with varying degrees of importance among the EAGA areas. M-EAGA had the highest and fastest rising foreign trade to GDP (PPP$) ratio.
All the areas of EAGA are net exporters, with exports representing more than 60% of total merchandise trade. The value of total merchandise exports in 2013 was US$119 billion while imports stood at US$47 billion.
This publication has been made possible through the BIMP-EAGA Facilitation Center in collaboration with the BIMP-EAGA National Secretariats. Data was compiled by BIMP-FC and sourced from the BIMP-EAGA National Secretariats, official statistics agencies of Brunei Darussalam, Department of Statistics of Malaysia, Malaysia Investment Development Authority, Statistics Indonesia (BPS), Mindanao Development Authority, the respective national boards of investment and from the websites of national, regional and international agencies. The technical assistance support of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) is acknowledged.
For more information and inquiries, please visit:BIMP-EAGA Facilitation Centerwww.bimpeaga.org
Brunei Darussalam-Indonesia-Malaysia-PhilippinesEast ASEAN Growth Area
(BIMP-EAGA)
BIMP-EAGA AT A GLANCEA STATISTICAL INFORMATION BRIEF
In 2013, intra-EAGA trade represented 6% of EAGA’s total merchan-dise trade. I-EAGA is the most active trader in EAGA that together with Malaysia accounted for 94% of total intra-EAGA trade.
In 2013, investment inflows to Indonesia represented 69% of total FDI in EAGA.
97,007
126,608
168,373 166,044 166,346
-
20,000
40,000
60,000
80,000
100,000
120,000
140,000
160,000
180,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
US$
mill
ion
EAGA Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA
Trend of Trade in EAGA, 2009-2013
-
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
Perc
ent
International Trade to GDP (PPP$) Ratio, 2009–2013
Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA EAGA
INVESTMENTForeign direct investments (FDI) in EAGA increased by 23% in 2013, from US$8.2 billion to US$10.2 billion.
Notes: (1) FDI statistics for Brunei Darussalam represents realized investments in all sectors, Indonesia is realised investment in all sectors except upstream oil and gas, finance and banking; Philippines is approved investments in all sectors, and Malaysia is approved investments in the manufacturing sector only; (2) P-EAGA FDI in 2012 used in 2013 computation
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
10,000
12,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
US$
mill
ion
FDI in EAGA, 2009–2013
Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA EAGA
-
1,000
2,000
3,000
4,000
5,000
6,000
7,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
US$
mill
ion
Domestic Investments in EAGA, 2009–2013
Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA EAGA
-
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
mill
ions
Total Foreign Arrivals Domestic Arrivals
Tourist Arrivals in EAGA, 2009–2013
Share of FDI in EAGA, 2013 (value in US$ million, share in %)
P-EAGA12, 0.12% Brunei
775, 8%M-EAGA
2,386, 23%
I-EAGA7,006, 69%
Between 2009 and 2011, domestic investment in EAGA increased nearly fivefold from US$1.14 billion to US$ 6.04 billion before tapering to US$4.61 in 2012 and 2013.
TOURISM
NOTE: P-EAGA data for 2012 used in 2013 computation
NOTE: P-EAGA data for 2012 used in 2013 computation
Domestic tourists continue to be the backbone of the EAGA tourism industry accounting for 70% of total tourist arrivals in 2013. Between 2009 and 2013, foreign tourist arrivals have been growing at an annual average rate of 7% while domestic tourist arrivals have been declining at an average of 13% annually.
Share of intra-EAGA trade, 2013(value in US$ million, share in %)
Brunei189, 2%
P-EAGA 415, 4%
M-EAGA 2,976, 28%
I-EAGA6,844, 66%
7% 8% 6% 6% 6%020406080
100120140160180
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
US$
bill
ion
Intra-EAGA Extra-EAGA
Trend of intra-and extra-EAGA trade, 2009–2013
- 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013TOTAL EXPORTS TOTAL IMPORTS
Perc
ent
Share of exports and imports in EAGA, 2009-2013
Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA
Principal Traded Commodities of EAGA, 2013
Brunei Darussalam Natural gas, crude oil, garments, transportation equipment, food and other manufactured goods
Indonesia-EAGA Palm oil, oil seeds, copra, coconut oil, yellow fin tuna, shrimps and prawns, coal
Malaysia-EAGA Liquefied natural gas, crude petroleum, palm oil, manufactured goods, machinery and equipment
Philippines-EAGA Coconut, copra oil and meal, fresh and dried bananas, prepared or processed fish, fruit juices, mineral fuels
April 2015
The EAGA economy constitutes around 15% of the combined economies of BIMP and about 7.5% of ASEAN’s based on the 2013 GDP in PPP$.
100%
13.1%
17.9% 14.7%
14.9%
7.5%
-
2,000
4,000
6,000
8,000
Brunei Indonesia Malaysia Philippines BIMP ASEAN
PPP$
bill
ion
Share of EAGA in BIMP and ASEAN economies, 2013
Non-EAGA EAGA
GDP per capita in EAGA has consistently increased from US$6,705 in 2009 to US$8,067 in 2013. Brunei Darussalam recorded the highest per capita GDP in the subregion.
-
10,000
20,000
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
50,000
60,000
70,000
80,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013PP
P$Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA EAGA
I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA EAGA
GDP per capita in PPP$, 2009–2013
GDP per capita in PPP$, 2009–2013
60,000
64,000
68,000
72,000
76,000
-
10,000
20,000
30,000
40,000
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PPP$
Brunei
The BIMP-EAGA (also referred to as EAGA) was formed in 1994 by the Governments of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia and the Philippines to stimulate growth and foster inclusive development in some of their least developed and remote territories. EAGA is working towards realizing sustainable economic growth that leads to the subregion’s full participation in the ASEAN development process.
General profile, 2013 EAGA UNITPercent of
BIMPPercent of
ASEANPopulation 70 million 18.5 11.2Land Area 1,533,862 sq. km. 63.0 34.6GDP at current prices 228 US$ billion 15.5 9.5GDP at constant prices 567 PPP$ billion 15.1 10.0Total International Trade 166 US$ billion 34.6 6.6Foreign direct investment inflows 10 US$ billion – 8.2Visitor Arrivals 5,136 thousand 13.1 8.1
BIMP-EAGA comprises the Sultanate of Brunei Darussalam; the provinces of Kalimantan, Sulawesi, the Malukus, West Papua and Papua in eastern Indonesia; the federal territory of Labuan and the states of Sabah and Sarawak in Malaysia; and the islands of Mindanao and Palawan in the Philippines. EAGA is home to 70 million people and covers a land area of about 1.5 million square kilometers.
Subregion2013 Population
(‘000)2013 GDP growth
(current)Brunei Darussalam 406 -1.75Indonesia-EAGA 39,572 5.81
Kalimantan Central 2,385 6.06Kalimantan East 3,871 7.37Kalimantan South 3,855 5.16Kalimantan West 4,641 1.60Gorontalo 1,098 7.77Sulawesi Southeast 2,397 7.59Sulawesi Central 2,786 9.30Sulawesi North 2,360 7.45Sulawesi South 8,342 7.62Sulawesi West 1,234 5.77Maluku 1,628 5.15Maluku North 1,115 6.13Papua 3,033 14.84Papua West 828 9.29
Malaysia-EAGA 6,190 3.84Labuan 92 8.02Sabah 3,490 2.97Sarawak 2,608 4.18
Philippines-EAGA 24,106 5.99Mindanao 23,275 6.30Palawan 831 –
Key Economic Indicators, 2013 EAGA BIMP ASEAN
Growth of real GDP in US$ million 4.7 5.7 –
Growth of GDP in PPP$, percent 6.9 7.3 6.5
GDP per person at current PPP$ 8,067 9,974 9,161
Total Exports in US$ billion 119 479 1,271
Total Imports in US$ billion 47 462 1,240
Balance of trade in US$ billion 72 17 31
NOTE: (1) “EAGA” refers to the economies of the BIMP-EAGA subregion(2) “BIMP” refers to the combined national economies of Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia, Malaysia
and the Philippines
The combined GDP of EAGA in nominal PPP$ grew from US$425 billion in 2009 to US$567 billion in 2013. Growth in 2013 from previous year was at 6.9%. Indonesia is the largest economy of EAGA contributing 55% of total GDP in 2013.
26.9 27.7 29.2 30.3 30.1
233.5 250.4 272.2 293.0 312.3
94.3 101.8 114.2 119.3 124.1 69.8 76.2 81.4
87.5 100.3
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013
PPP$
bill
ion
Brunei I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA
Size of the EAGA economies, GDP in PPP$, 2009–2013
NOTE: P-EAGA 2013 GDP includes Palawan GDP computed based on 2012 data
In 2013, Brunei Darussalam posted negative growth while growth slowed in I-EAGA. M-EAGA grew by 3.8% while Philippines grew by 6.0% .
(4.0)
(2.0)
-
2.0
4.0
6.0
8.0
10.0
2010 2011 2012 2013
Perc
ent
I-EAGA P-EAGA
Growth of Real GDP in EAGA, in national currency, 2009–2013
Brunei M-EAGA
Notes: (1) Brunei Darussalam, Indonesia and the Philippines use 2000 as base year; Malaysia is 2005.
With the exception of Brunei Darussalam, poverty incidence in EAGA remains significant and the rates of poverty continue to be higher than the national average.
EMPLOYMENT AND POVERTY
Unemployment in EAGA is generally on a downward trend
0.0
1.0
2.0
3.0
4.0
5.0
6.0
7.0
8.0
2009 2010 2011 2012 2013Pe
rcen
t
I-EAGA M-EAGA P-EAGA
Unemployment rate in EAGA, 2009–2013
Note: (1) Brunei Darussalam unemployment rates not available; (2) P-EAGA unemployment rate data for 2012 was used in 2013 computation
PROFILE ECONOMY
-
5.0
10.0
15.0
20.0
25.0
30.0
35.0
40.0
2006 2009 2012
Perc
ent Indonesia
KalimantanSulawesiMalukuPapua
Poverty incidence of population in I-EAGA, selected census years
0.0
10.0
20.0
30.0
40.0
50.0
60.0
2006 2009 2012
Perc
ent
PhilippinesRegion 9Region 10Region 11Region 12Region 13ARMMPalawan
Poverty incidence of population in P-EAGA, selected census years
NOTE: (1) The 81 provinces in the Philippines are clustered into 16 geopolitical regions. Except
for the Autonomous Region in Muslim Mindanao (ARMM) and the Cordillera Autonomous Region (CAR), the regions have no government of their own. The regional grouping is mainly for purposes of political and administrative convenience. Regions 1 to 5, the CAR and NCR are all located in Luzon while Regions 6 to 8 are in the Visayas. The island of Mindanao consists of Regions 9 to 13 and the ARMM.
(2) The province of Palawan belongs to Region 4 in Luzon.
0
5
10
15
20
25
2009 2012
Perc
ent
MalaysiaSabahSarawakLabuan
Poverty incidence of households in M-EAGA, 2009 and 2012
TRADE IN GOODSBIMP-EAGA Trade, 2013 (US$ Billion) Intra-EAGA Extra-EAGA Total EAGA
Exports 6.0 113.3 119.3
Imports 4.1 43.0 47.1
Total trade 10.1 156.2 166.3
Balance of trade 1.9 70.3 72.2
Note:(1) Intra-EAGA trade as referred to in this statistical brief pertains to trade of each EAGA subregion with BIMP(2) P-EAGA trade data for 2012 used for 2013 computation