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YOUR QUICK GUIDE TO A COURSE IN

BIO- CHEMISTRY

CHEMISTRY OF BIOLOGICAL LIFE

Biochemistry BiochemistryCourse Review Course Review

2 3E-BOOK E-BOOKCAREERS360 CAREERS3602 3E-BOOK E-BOOKCAREERS360 CAREERS360

CONTENTS1. Introduction 03

2. Why Biochemistry? 05

3. Eligibility Norms 06

4. Selecting an Institute 07

5. Course Structure 08

6. What after Graduation? 10

7. International Appeal 12

8. Model List of Modules for BSc (Biochemistry) 13

9. Select Institutes for BSc (Biochemistry) 16

10. Select Institutes for MSc (Biochemistry) 16

11. Select International Universities 17

INTRODUCTION

The web page of Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester poses these interesting questions: “Have you ever

wondered about the basic chemistry of life? How do our bodies make proteins? How do molecules recognise each other and how are they specific? How do enzymes catalyse reactions? Where does the energy come from to power our cells? Intrigued? You will find the answers and more on our Biochemistry course...”

Welcome to Biochemistry, a fascinating and dynamic subject. New age products claim to be enriched with enzymes that give extra shine to your hair, extra nutrition to your food, extra effi-cacy to your drugs. These enzymes are a form of protein. They are essential proteins that regulate our body functions and are the result of complex cycles inside our bodies. Likewise, every bodily function is a result of highly regulated and syn-ergized biochemical cycles.

FAST FACTSProgramme: BSc Biochemistry Duration 3 years (4 years at DU) Eligibility 10+2 with PCB, PCMB/Biotechnology Best Institutes for BSc Delhi University, University of Calicut, Vels University, Kurukshetra University Fees Rs. 15,000 (First year, Rs. 7,500 II semester onwards at Vels University) Best Institutes For MSc Delhi University, Banaras Hindu University, Kerala University, University of Madras, University of Calcutta Career Roles Clinical and Drug research, Food Chemistry, Biochemist, Molecular Biologist, Diagnostics, Research Fellow, Quality Control, Lecturer Earning Potential Research fellow Rs. 16, 000-18,000 pm Top Recruiters Central Drug Research Institute; Institute of Microbial Technology; Pharma &vaccine companies

BIOCHEMISTRY IS THE SCIENTIFIC STUDY OF THE CHEMISTRY OF LIVING THINGS.

Cover Design: Rajesh Chawla

Copyright © Pathfinder Publishing Pvt. Ltd., New Delhi

All Rights ReservedNo part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form or means electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior permission of Pathfinder Publishing Pvt. Ltd.

Editor: B Mahesh Sarma

Project Editor S. Rajaram

Research Shiphony Pavitran Suri, Prerna Singh

Art Director Anshul Sharma

Asst. Art Director Rajesh Chawla



WHY BIOCHEMISTRY?

The three-year programme leading to BSc degree lays the foundation for advanced learning in the highly dynamic field of

biochemistry. An undergraduate gets an oppor-tunity to learn the fundamentals of chemistry. The knowledge finds application in diverse fields such as diagnostics pharmaceuticals, forensics, and healthcare, food and beverage industry. As a result a number of advanced learning and employment opportunities are available in Bio-chemistry. The course provides not just in depth subject knowledge but also a string of valuable transferable skills of project management.

A NUMBER OF ADVANCED LEARNING AND EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE IN BIOCHEMISTRY

That is why blood samples are taken at pathology labs to determine the amount of vitamins or cell counts in our bodies. Clinical biochemistry uses biochemical methods to study diseases using body fluids such as urine, blood samples, etc.

Biochemistry is focused on learning such dynamic cycles and their prod-ucts, which drive all living beings. It highlights how different branches of Biology converge to develop an understanding of chemistry in everyday life processes and biomolecules. To sum it up, Biochemistry is the scientific study of the chemistry of living things. It looks at the chemical structure or molecular basis of life. It plays an important part in the growth of biotechnol-ogy and medicine.



ELIGIBILITY NORMS

If you have passed 10+2 with PCB, you can apply for admission to an undergraduate degree course in Biochemistry. In DU and

Calcutta University you need PCMBAn under-standing of biological systems is essential for pursuing it at the undergraduate level.

You should have a keen interest in biology and chemistry if you want to pursue this course. Usu-ally there are institute-specific entrance exami-nations to secure admission. For instance, Uni-versity of Calicut conducts an entrance exami-nation for admission to BSc degree in Medical Biochemistry.

To gain admission to Delhi University’s 4-year course you need 55 percent or more marks in Physics, Chemistry, Maths, Biology/Biotechnol-ogy) and 50 percent in English. Selection is based on merit in the qualifying examination.

YOU SHOULD HAVE A KEEN INTEREST IN BIOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY IF YOU WANT TO PURSUE THIS COURSE.

SELECTING AN INSTITUTE

The most sought after universities are Delhi University, Kurukshetra Universi-ty and University of Calicut. They have

well-equipped independent departments with technical and teaching staff to assist students in the learning process. These universities also pro-vide with advanced learning and project assis-tantships to students on completion of under-graduate studies.

Aligarh Muslim University offers a B.Sc. (Hons.) course under the supervision of Depart-ment of Life Sciences with Biochemistry as one of the core subjects alongside Botany and Zool-ogy (See Fast Facts for select institutes).

A number of universities abroad offer under-graduate course in Biochemistry.

TOP UNIVERSITIES IN INDIA OR ABROAD OFFER BIOCHEMISTRY AT UNDERGRADUATE AND POSTGRADUATE LEVEL.


Biochemistry Course Review

COURSE STRUCTURE

The full-time degree course prepares stu-dents for the forefront of cutting-edge research in Biochemistry.

In depth knowledge of biomolecules, cell biology and microbiology form the core of the course taught in the first semester at University of Mumbai. The basics are revisited to build spe-cialised knowledge in proteins and molecular biology during the second year of study at Delhi University.

Practical learning constitutes a significant portion of the course. Students are constantly exposed to experimental biochemistry applica-tions in healthcare, pharmaceuticals, food and beverages through project trainings.

The final year study revolves around spe-cialised fields of biochemistry such as human

PRACTICAL LEARNING CONSTITUTES A SIGNIFICANT PORTION OF THE UNDERGRADUATE COURSE IN BIOCHEMISTRY

biochemistry, genetics complemented by lab sessions such as, ELISA and Vitamin d assay, etc.

In view of the inter-disciplinary nature of the field, Delhi University has introduced additional course modules in Chemistry, Mathematics and Com-puter Applications.

The analytical and experimental skills are imparted through regular lab sessions, thus laying a solid foundation for theoretical knowledge. A research project towards the end of the course gives hands-on experience to students. Almost all the universities/institutions follow the course curriculum pre-scribed by the University Grants Commission (See Model List of Modules for BSc (Biochemistry).

The course is designed to incorporate timely assessments through tutorials, viva-voice, etc.



WHAT AFTER GRADUATION?

After graduation you may take up varied career paths depending on interest of study. A BSc Degree equips you for a

range of careers beyond the Life Sciences sector.

A research career marked by perseverance and determination requires a Masters degree (MSc) followed by doctoral (PhD) studies. There are ample research opportunities at various govern-ment and private institutions.

Apart from research jobs, job vacancies are announced for advanced degree holders in Bio-chemistry for teaching across academic institu-tions. Such teaching opportunities offer good salary with flexible working hours.

Very few students forge a career in Biochemis-try directly after the completion of undergradu-ate studies. Most of them pursue postgraduate

IT IS ALWAYS BETTER TO GO FOR MASTER’S AFTER YOUR UNDER-GRADUATE DEGREE TO BUILD A SATISFYING CAREER IN THIS FIELD

studies to develop specialisation and acquire enhanced laboratory skills. Several reputed institutes offer such advanced degree upon successful completion of two-year programme. Postgraduates are more equipped and qualified for industrial jobs in pharmaceutical, diagnostics, forensic and bio-tech companies. Those with doctorate degrees in Biochemistry are readily absorbed in national forensic laboratories as assistant scientific officers.



INTERNATIONAL APPEAL

Almost all renowned universities abroad are engaged in the forefronts of research and academic excellence. Undergradu-

ate course is popular among students in both the UK and USA. Graduate studies at Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford are experi-enced in a highly inter-disciplinary environment in collaborations with the Scripps Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, USA, etc.

There are a plenty of employment opportuni-ties for graduates in industries such as health, beauty, food and nutrition etc. worldwide. Many biochemists are employed as scientists in pharmaceutical industries. Companies such as Novartis recruit biochemists for their research facilities in diverse roles.

A NUMBER OF OPPORTUNITIES ARE AVAILABLE FOR GRADUATES IN INDUSTRIES SUCH AS HEALTH, BEAUTY, FOOD AND NUTRITION

Model list of modules for BSc (Biochemistry)1. Biomolecules Lab Course

(Water and Buffers, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, Nucleic acids, Porphyrins)

Preparation of normal, molar and percent solutions.

Preparation of buffer solutions and determination of their pH.

Qualitative tests for Carbohydrates

Qualitative tests for lipids

Determination of acid value

Determination of saponification value

Qualitative tests for amino acids and Proteins

Preparation of casein from milk and determination of its isoelectric point.

Verification of Beer- Lambert’s Law.

2. Enzymology Lab Course

(Enzymes, Enzyme catalysis, Enzyme Purification, Enzyme Kinetics, Enzyme regulation, Immobilized enzymes, Industrial applications of enzymes)

Estimation of protein by biuret/Lowry method

Assay of acid phosphatase activity from germinating mungbean seeds

Calculation of specific activity of acid phosphatase

Effect of enzyme concentration on enzyme activity

Effect of substrate concentration on acid phos-phatase activity and determination of its Km value

Effect of pH on enzyme activity and determination of optimum pH.

Effect of Temperature on Enzyme activity.

Partial purification of enzyme by ammonium sulphate fractionation.

Inhibition of Acid phosphatase by EDTA

3. Intermediary Metabolism Lab Course

(Bioenergetics, Carbohydrate Metabolism, Glycogenesis & glycogenolysis, Electron Transport Chain & Oxidative Phosphorylation, Lipid Metabolism, Amino acid Metabolism, Nu-cleotide Metabolism, Porphyrin Metabolism)

Estimation of nitrogen by micro-Kjeldahl method.



Model list of modules for BSc (Biochemistry)3. Intermediary Metabolism Lab Course

Estimation of blood glucose colorimetrically.

Estimation of ascorbic acid by titrimetric method.

Preparation of starch from potato and its hydrolysis by salivary amylase

Determination of achromatic point for salivary amylase.

Isolation of total lipids by Folch method.

Titration of amino acids & determination of pK value

4. Molecular Biology Lab Course

(Basic Concepts of Genetic Information, DNA Supercoiling, DNA Sequencing, Nucleases, DNA Replication, Mutations and DNA Repair, Transcription, Translation)

Estimation of DNA by diphenylamine method.

Estimation of RNA by orcinol method.

Separation of DNA fragments by Agarose gel electro-phoresis

Estimation of calcium in serum.

Estimation of phosphorus in serum.

Estimation of lactose in milk.

5. Plant Biochemistry Lab Course

(Photosynthesis, Nitrate Assimilation, Sulphate assimilation, Biological N2 -fixation: Plant Hormones)

6. Clinical Biochemistry Lab Course

(Hormones: Minerals, Metabolic Disorders, Clinical enzymology, Detoxification mecha-nism of the body, Acid- Base balance)

Separation of serum from blood.

Qualitative analysis of sugar, protein, ketone bodies and bile pigments in urine.

Determination of serum alkaline phosphatase.

Determination of blood urea and uric acid.

Determination of blood creatinine.

Estimation of blood cholesterol.

Model list of modules for BSc (Biochemistry)6. Clinical Biochemistry Lab Course

Estimation of chlorophyll content of leaves using acetone.

7. Immunology Lab Course

(Introduction to immune system, Antigens, Immunoglobulins, Monoclonal Antibodies, Antigen–antibody interactions, Major Histo-compatibility Complex, Antigen Processing & Presentation, Complement system)

8. Biochemical Techniques Lab Course

(Measurement of pH, Hydrodynamic Methods, Chromatographic techniques, Electrophoresis, Radioisotopic Techniques, Spectroscopic Techniques)

Separation and identification of amino acids\ lipids by TLC.

Separation and identification of amino acids\sugars by paper chromatography.

Separation of proteins by SDS-PAGE.

Estimation of serum protein and determination of albumin\globulin ratio.

Demonstration of immunodiffusion

Identification of blood group

Estimation of haemoglobin

Select Institutes for BSc (Biochemistry)Delhi University

Thiruvalluvar University

University of Burdwan

University of Calicut

Vels University

Kurukshetra University

Kakatiya University

Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya



Select international universities Cardiff University

University of Reading

University of Manchester

University of Illinois at Chicago

University of Massachusetts

Boston University

Select Institutes for MSc (Biochemistry) in IndiaUniversity of Delhi

Thiruvalluvar University

University of Mumbai

University of Calicut

Vels University

Annamalai University

Kakatiya University

Kurukshetra University

FACULTY INTERVIEW:

Rajat SandhirHead, Department of Biochemistry, Panjab University

Q. What aptitude is required for a course in Biochemistry?A. We have B.Sc. and M.Sc. five year integrated program leading to Bio-chemistry Honours degree. The students are taken after 10+2 science (both medical and non-medical). They are selected on the basis of the entrance examination. The selection to post graduate course is also through an entrance test. Aspiring candidates are advised to be thorough with subject-specific knowledge.

Q. Is it worthwhile pursuing an undergraduate course in Biochemistry? A. Yes, our undergraduate degree program is unique as it offers many sub-sidiary courses besides biochemistry during three years of study.

Q. How do you project the growth of Biochemistry in next 10 years in India?A. Biochemistry is central/core subject for all life science departments. It has applications in the areas of Medicine, Pharmaceuticals, Biotechnology, Biomedical Research among many others.Q. What are the recent research interests? A. The field of Biochemistry has evoked research in the field of Neurosci-ence, Cell Signalling, Immunology, Molecular Biology, Nutrition recently.

Q. How different is the study of Biotechnology from Biochemistry in terms of research?A. Biotechnology is more applied in nature, whereas Biochemistry is more basic science. In my opinion person who is a trained Biochemist can become a Biotechnologist, whereas the reverse is not true.

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