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Golden EnclaveA-1 Towers, 7th Floor
Old Airport RoadBangalore 560017
India Phone: +91-80-41217037/38
Mob: 9886660733Email:
[email protected]: http://greencosmos.in
Biogas From Wholesale Vegetable and Fruit
Market Waste in the Indian Cities: A Truly
Sustainable and Renewable Transport Fuel.
Author: Sarita MishraGreen C smos Energy Solutions Pvt. Ltd.
Tuesday 8 May 2012
4%
18%
13%
14%
51%
Source:Petroleum Conservation Research Association
Transport(Petrol,Diesel, CNG, Aviation Fuel)Industry (Petrol, Diesel, Fuel Oil, Naphtha, Natural Gas)Commercial & OthersDomestic(LPG & KeroseneAgriculture(Diesel)
Tuesday 8 May 2012
In 2010
◦ 750 thousand Barrels /day
3.2 billion barrels / day
$ 106 billion
Consumed
Import Bills
Produced
Tuesday 8 May 2012
~ 100 million
Total No. of Registered Motor Vehicles:
Annual Growth rate for Vehicle Ownership
7%
Projected Vehicle Ownership By 2030
156 million
Transport Fuel Market : 98% Crude oil dependent
Road Transport : responsible for 94.5% CO2 Emissions in India
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Fig. 4. Vehicular emission per unit area in major metropolitan cities of India
Source: MoUD, 2008/Census of India 2001 ; MoSRTH, 2007Ref: Emissions from India’s transport sector: State wise synthesis T.V. Ramachandraa,b and Shwetmalaa
Tuesday 8 May 2012
5983 Markets wholesale marketsSource: Directory published by Ministry of Agriculture
Bigger urban markets produce >80 tons waste /day
Disposed in the landfills
Total Waste ~ >50 million tons* /year
*Dr. Harender Raj Gautam (Scientist) & Dr. S.P.S Guleria (Senior Scientist) Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Dr. Y.S. Parmar University of Horticulture and Forest,
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Facts Figures
Waste from Wholesale Vegetable & Fruit Markets 50 million tons
Enriched Biogas (>97% Methane) from 50 million tons
1.7 million tons
Diesel / Petrol Replaced ~ 1.7 million tons
Total Estimated CO2 emissions Reduction 4.2 - 6.15 million tons on replacing petrol / diesel respectively
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Biogas
Methane 45 -75%
CO225-55%
H2STraces
Reduces heating value
Increases compression & Transportation cost
Limit Economic Feasibility of Biogas
Highly Corrosive
Water Scrubbing
Polyethylene Glycol Scrubbing
Chemical Absorption
Pressure Swing Adsorption
Bio-filters
Cryogenic Separation
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Energy SecurityOffsets non-renewable resources like oil, natural gas
Decentralized: create jobs a n d b e n e f i t l o c a l economies throughout the country
Fewer Emissions reduces
CO2 by 25%,CO by 90-97%
NOX by 35 – 60%, Hydrocarbon by 50-75% particulate matter: almost
none
Better Economics Reduce Import
Reduce Outflow of foreign exchange
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Property Methane Gasoline DieselFlammability limit (Volume % in air) 5 -15 1.4 - 7.6 0.6 - 5.5
Auto-ignition Temperature (0F) 842 572 446
Minimum Ignition Energy in Air (10-6
BTU)0.27 0.23 0.23
Peak Flame Temperature (0F) 3423 3591 3729
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Source: International Association for Natural Gas, NGV Global
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Source: Green car Congress
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Challenges for Inclusion of Biogas as a Transport Fuel in India
Tuesday 8 May 2012
571 Refueling Stations1.08 million Natural Gas Vehicles
PNRB Considering Authorizing Retail CNG/ Enriched Biogas City Gas Distribution System GAIL Developing Infrastructure for
Gas Pipeline
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Why Urban Vegetable Wholesale Markets
Every city has Central Bus depot with diesel
exhaust & soot particlesCity Markets are Relatively large and
centralized like Mumbai/ Chennai/Bangalore/Delhi
Easier to switch fuel for public transport rather
than private vehicles
Air pollution reached alarming levels in cities
Shortage of landfill space and Expense in transporting waste to
outskirts
Tuesday 8 May 2012
SSTBusiness Value
Success
Strong Stakeholder Networks and Strategic Alliances between RE industry, agriculture,
Municipalies, Environmental Groups
Greater Public Private
Academia Partnership
Well defined Biogas
Roadmap for India
Environmental Regulations to
enforce switch to Gas (like Delhi)
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Reduces Methane & CO2 Emissions by
Diverting waste from Landfills Substituting gasoline / diesel as vehicle fuel
An Affordable Urban Solution Ensures a constant supply of renewable energy Renewable energy is produced near where it is
consumed Incentives will help speed adoption, but, not a long
term necessity
Tuesday 8 May 2012
50 Million Tons*
Potential For Generating 1.7 Million Tons Methane
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Changing Lead into Gold : an Alchemist’s dream
50 Million Tons*
Potential For Generating 1.7 Million Tons Methane
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Changing waste into clean fuel : pursuit of an environmentalist
Changing Lead into Gold : an Alchemist’s dream
50 Million Tons*
Potential For Generating 1.7 Million Tons Methane
Tuesday 8 May 2012
Thank You
Wow! Clean Air to
Breathe !!
Tuesday 8 May 2012
