Date post: | 08-Apr-2018 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | kmsiddharthan4517 |
View: | 221 times |
Download: | 0 times |
of 21
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
1/21
Masterbatch Additives for ManufacturingBiodegradable Plastic Packaging and Products
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
2/21
Additives for Manufacturing Biodegradable
Plastic Packaging and Products
Marketing Considerations Biodegradation Mechanism
Manufacturing Processes
Applications New Developments
Basic Technology
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
3/21
Basic Technology
one percent loading
no special manufacturing requirements
physical properties of applications unchanged
fully tested for polyolefins but preliminary results show
that it will work with PS and is likely to work with many
other plastic resins; more testing required but is
proceeding well
Bio-Tec additives make all polyethylene and
polypropylene plastic packaging and products
fully biodegradable
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
4/21
Otherwise identical 40 m LLDPE blown film samples (the test samples
contained one percent load, by weight of the companys MBP while the
control samples were without the companys additive) were buried in the
same soil conditions for one month then removed and photographed using a
scanning electron microscope.
Photographs courtesy of Hyosung Corporation, Korea
Figure 2.
Study of Film Samples Buried in Soil for One Month
Control Test
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
5/21
Basic Technology
Reduce,
Reuse,
Recycle, & Biodegrade
The three Rs of environmental
friendliness for plastic products make
better music as a little R(s)&B
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
6/21
Basic Technology
the strength-to-weight-ratio for plasticpackaging and products is far superior to othermaterials thereby dramatically reducing theoverall amount of material used
the additives for biodegradation do notnegatively affect the strength of the plasticproducts (the plastic products do not need to bemade thicker when using the additives)
Reduce
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
7/21
Basic Technology
many plastic products can be reused for other
purposes before eventual disposal
the MBA mechanism for the breakup of the
long polymer chains does not use heat, light or
mechanical stress as initiators therefore thingslike plastic shopping bags and coffee cans can
be reused indefinitely
Reuse
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
8/21
Basic Technology
Recycling of plastic materials makes sense
when natural resources are truly saved
Plastic products with our additives can berecycled both by the manufacturer in theirinternal scrap regrind recycling and in post-
consumer recycling programs Additives can be used with recycled resins as
well
Recycle
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
9/21
Basic Technology
All of the commodity plastic resins used in the
world today will take hundreds of years or
more to degrade naturally in the environment
Plastic products with our additives will
biodegrade to become some of the soilsorganic components in a hundredth of that time
or less
Biodegrade
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
10/21
Marketing Considerations
An unqualified claim that a product or package is
degradable, biodegradable or photodegradable should besubstantiated by competent and reliable scientificevidence that the entire product or package willcompletely break down and return to nature, i.e.,decompose into elements found in nature within a
reasonably short period of time after customarydisposal.-- Federal Trade Commission Part 260. Guides for the Use of Environmental Marketing Claims, Section
260.7(b); Authority: 15 U.S.C. 41-58; emphasis mine
FTC Guidelines
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
11/21
Marketing Considerations
Claim of degradable misleading if a product needs oxygen
and/or sunlight to degrade and product is mostly disposed ofin landfills where it gets neither.
A manufacturer makes an unqualified claim that its package is
compostable. Although municipal or institutional composting
facilities exist where product is sold, package will not break
down into usable compost in a home compost pile or device.To avoid deception, manufacturer should disclose that
package is not suitable for home composting.
Examples
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
12/21
Marketing Considerations
Tactic of some competitors and other interestedparties is to purposely blur the concepts ofcompostability under commercial conditions (ASTMD6400) with compostability under home compostingconditions and biodegradability as a generic concept
ASTM D6400 (and equivalent tests, i.e. DIN V54 900, et al.)Conditions
High heat
Moisture control
Oxygenation
High concentration of microorganisms
Myth: If a product does not pass the ASTMD6400 standard in the allotted time period it isnot biodegradable
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
13/21
Marketing Considerations
Are these products designed for composting at home, also?
No, the Compostable Logo identifies products that will perform satisfactorily inwell managed municipal and commercial facilities-ones that meet therequirements found in the USCCs Field Operators Guide. We will insist thatproducers use the appropriate language in the conjunction with the Logo to makethis distinction clear.
While there are hundreds of thousands (possibly millions) of home composters,their piles or composting units typically do not generate the temperatures neededto assure rapid biodegradation of this new class of materials. For this reason,claims are limited to larger facilities.-- FAQ from www.bpiworld.org (website of BPI)
The Certification Program is limited to an assessment of whether a productpresented for review by an applicant will biodegrade and disintegrate inaccordance with standard D-6400-99 of the American Society for Testing andMaterials (ASTM) entitled Standard Specifications for Compostable Plastics,provided that to the extent products certified under this program are notcomposted under best composting management practices, the certification andlogo shall be deemed inapplicable.Certification Program for Products Made of Compostable Plastics --
Program Rules, March 24, 2000, pg. 4
BPI (Biodegradable Plastics Institute)
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
14/21
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
15/21
Biodegradation Mechanism
The only condition that is necessary for a
plastic product with our additives to
biodegrade is that it needs to be in constant
contact with other biodegrading material
If a plastic product has at least one percent of
one of our additives, by weight, then the
entire product is fully biodegradable
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
16/21
Biodegradation Mechanism
Home composting
Commercial composting
Landfills
Buried in, or otherwise in contact with, soil
Erosion control netting and fabrics
Agricultural films
Litter
Where are these conditions found?
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
17/21
Biodegradation Mechanism
Warehouses
Store shelvesOffices
Homes
The proprietary, trade secreted technologystructures communities of microorganisms intobiofilms that produce necessary byproducts thatbreakdown long polymer chains
Anaerobic (without the presence of free oxygen)
Aerobic (in the presence of free oxygen)
Where are these conditions not found?
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
18/21
Extrusion (blown or cast)
Injection molding Blow molding
Roto-molding
Manufacturing Processes
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
19/21
Applications
Automobile and airplane parts
Film packaging and product
Food packaging Agricultural film
Etc.
Toys
Milk, shampoo, and oil bottle Any plastic product
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
20/21
New Developments
Accelerator spray
Composting (biodegradation in 45 to 60 days)
Agricultural films
Use with other resins
Polystyrene
PVC
Etc.
8/7/2019 BIO-DEGRADABLE PLASTICS
21/21
Conclusion
Make all PE and PP products fully biodegradable
No toxic residue
Manufacture clear or in any color with no appreciablechange in physical properties
FDA compliant for use in applications with food contact
Products can be marketed as biodegradable because they
will biodegrade aerobically or anaerobically and without theneed for additional reaction to heat, light or physical stress
and therefore will biodegrade wherever there is other
biodegradation occurring.