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BIO GAS GENERATING

TECHNOLOGY««

Presented By Presented By 

W.D.D. DharmarathneW.D.D. Dharmarathne

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IMPORTANCE««««IMPORTANCE««««

Energy conservationEnergy conservation

Prevention of environmental pollutionPrevention of environmental pollution

management of agricultural livestockmanagement of agricultural livestockwasteswastes

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WH AT IS BIO GAS ????WH AT IS BIO GAS ????

BioBio--gas usually contains aboutgas usually contains about

6060 --70 % Methane,70 % Methane,3030-- 40 % Carbon dioxide,40 % Carbon dioxide,

Other gases including ammonia, hydrogenOther gases including ammonia, hydrogen

sulfide.sulfide.It also is saturated with water vapor.It also is saturated with water vapor.

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USES F I S««.USES F I S««.

CookingCooking

Heating water andHeating water and

buildingsbuildings

ir conditioning andir conditioning and

lightinglighting

rain dryingrain drying

perating stationaryperating stationaryengines.engines.

It is best suited for stationary uses, such asIt is best suited for stationary uses, such as

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HOW IT GENERATE ????HOW IT GENERATE ????

Converting organic materials, such asConverting organic materials, such as

animal wastes, to an easily used form of animal wastes, to an easily used form of 

energy can be accomplished by severalenergy can be accomplished by severalmethods.methods.

The process with the greatest potential isThe process with the greatest potential is

anaerobic fermentation or digestionanaerobic fermentation or digestion..

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 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION ANAEROBIC DIGESTION

This process is entirely depend on activity of twoThis process is entirely depend on activity of twotype of anaerobes bacteriatype of anaerobes bacteria

 Acid forming bacteria Acid forming bacteria --breakdown the complexbreakdown the complexorganic matter into simple organic compounds.organic matter into simple organic compounds.

Methane formersMethane formers --break down the acids intobreak down the acids into

methane and carbon dioxidemethane and carbon dioxide

ACID FORMERS METHANE FORMERS

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TYPES OF PLANT«««.TYPES OF PLANT«««.

CHINA BIO GAS PLANT

Type of waste materialType of waste material -- Animal wastes Animal wastes

INDIAN BIO GAS PLANT

Type of waste materialType of waste material± ± paddy wastespaddy wastes

LANKA BIO GAS PLANTType of waste materialType of waste material ± ± mixture of above twomixture of above twotypestypes

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MAIN PARTS O CH AINA BIO GAS PLANT««.MAIN PARTS O CH AINA BIO GAS PLANT««.

IXED DOME TYPEIXED DOME TYPE

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FLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPEFLOATING GAS HOLDER TYPE

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PROMOTING F ACTORS«..PROMOTING F ACTORS«..

Environmental conditions in the digester.Environmental conditions in the digester.Constant temperatureConstant temperature -- maintained at approximatelymaintained at approximately9595ooFF

Constant pH Constant pH ± ± pH value around 6pH value around 6--77

dilution water addeddilution water added

Waste material :Water ratio should be 1:1Waste material :Water ratio should be 1:1

Type of organic matter Type of organic matter 

Human and animal waste (from cattle, pigs, poultry)Human and animal waste (from cattle, pigs, poultry)

Household waste, plants such as salvenia, JapanHousehold waste, plants such as salvenia, Japan jabara jabaradigester loading ratedigester loading rate

Tank size , number, size and type of animals served,Tank size , number, size and type of animals served,and detention time.and detention time.

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HAZARDS«««.HAZARDS«««.

# # Take precautions when processingTake precautions when processing

and handling the gas. It is highlyand handling the gas. It is highly

explosive and difficult to detect.explosive and difficult to detect.

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 ADVANTAGES««« ADVANTAGES«««

 A simple apparatus can produce bio A simple apparatus can produce bio--gasgas

Directly piped into kitchens from a plantDirectly piped into kitchens from a plant

Prevention of Atmospheric discharge of bio gasPrevention of Atmospheric discharge of bio gas It burns without smokeIt burns without smoke

Less air pollution on electric enginesLess air pollution on electric engines

High quality fertilizer can be producedHigh quality fertilizer can be produced Deceases due to insects is minimizedDeceases due to insects is minimized

Odor of waste material can be minimizedOdor of waste material can be minimized

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DISADVANTAGES««DISADVANTAGES««In the digester, volume is fixedIn the digester, volume is fixed

Needs continuous maintenance and supervisionNeeds continuous maintenance and supervision

The high initial investment requiredThe high initial investment required

Wastes still must be disposed of after digestionWastes still must be disposed of after digestion

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SOME PHOTOGRAPHS ABOUTSOME PHOTOGRAPHS ABOUT

TH

IS «««TH

IS «««

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THANK YOU««THANK YOU««