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7/25/2019 Bio Presentation 01
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Presented By
Deepali P. Chaudhari
Guided By
Nareshkumar D. Harale
(HOD of Comp. Engg. Dept.)
Biometri for !eure "dentity
#erifiation
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Biometri
Biometris is the siene and tehnology of measuringand analy$ing %iologial data.
By using %iometris& the authentiation of the person is
related to that person itself rather than person's tokens
or passords.
Biometris are used for identifiation and #erifiation.
"dentifiation is determining ho a person is.
erifiation is determining if a person is ho they say
they are.
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Why Biometric?
• !euring personal pri#ay
• pre#ent identity fraud
• *here is no ay to positi#ely link the usage of the system
or ser#ie to the atual user.
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•+ni,ue- *he #arious %iometris systems ha#e %een
de#eloped around uni,ue harateristis of indi#iduals.
•Cannot %e shared- Beause a %iometri property is an
intrinsi property of an indi#idual& it is etremely diffiult to
dupliate or share.•Cannot %e opied- Biometri harateristis are nearly
impossi%le to forge or spoof.
•Cannot %e lost- / %iometri property of an indi#idual an %e
lost only in ase of serious aident.
Why are biometrics secure?
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Ho Biometri !ystem 0orks
• Enrollment
• erifiation
• "dentifiation
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Stages of Biometric system
1. "mage /,uisition2. "mage proessing
3. 4eature Etration
5. "ris "dentifiation
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Types of Biometric
Finger Scanning
•4ingerprints are the graphial flo6like ridges present on humanfingers.
•4ingerprints are used in the areas of finanial transations& netork
seurity& and ontrolling the mo#ement of indi#iduals.
•*he main tehnologies used to apture the fingerprint image ithsuffiient detail are optial& silion& and ultrasound.
Issues with fingerprint systems
•*he tip of the finger is a small area from hih to take
measurements& and ridge patterns is ompliated task.
• E#en to take measurements& and ridge patterns here uts 7 dirt is
there is ompliated task.
•People ith no or fe minutia points (surgeons as they often ash
their hands ith strong detergents& %uilders& people ith speial
skin onditions) annot enroll or use the system.
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Benefits of fingerprint biometric systems
• 8 Easy to use
• 8 Cheap• 8 !mall si$e
• 8 9o poer
• 8 9arge data%ase already a#aila%le
Applications of fingerprint biometrics•4ingerprint sensors are %est for de#ies suh as ell phones& +!B flash
dri#es& note%ook omputers and other appliations here prie& si$e&
ost and lo poer are key re,uirements.
• 4ingerprint %iometri systems are also used for la enforement& %akground searhes to sreen :o% appliants& healthare and elfare.
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Iris Scanning
•*he iris is the elasti& pigmented& onneti#e tissue that ontrols the
pupil.
•Glasses& ontat lenses& and e#en eye surgery does not hange the
harateristis of the iris.
Benefits of iris biometric systems
8 Highly aurate
Weaknesses of iris biometric systems
8 *he user must hold still hile the san is taking plae
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Applications of iris biometrics
• "dentity ards and passports
• Border ontrol and other Go#ernment programs
• Data%ase aess and omputer login• Hospital seurity
• !hools seurity
• Controlling aess to restrited areas& %uildings and homes.
Iris recognition system steps
•"mage a,uisition•"mage preproessing
•*eture Etration
•Deision ;aking.
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Retina Scanning
*he %lood #essels at the %ak of the eye ha#e a uni,ue pattern& from
eye to eye and person to person.
How oes retina biometrics work
•<etina sans re,uire that the person remo#es their glasses& plae
their eye lose to the sanner& stare at a speifi point& and remain
still& and fous on a speified loation for approimately 1= to 1>
seonds hile the san is ompleted.
•<etina sans use infrared light to sur#ey the uni,ue pattern of
%lood #essels of the retina
Issues with retina systems
•Enrollment and sanning are slo.
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Benefits of retina biometric systems
! Highly aurate
Applications of retina biometrics
• Go#ernment
• ;ilitary
• %anking.
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Facial Recognition
*he dimensions& proportions and physial attri%utes of a person?s fae
are uni,ue.
How oes face biometrics work
•Biometri faial reognition systems ill measure and analy$e the
o#erall struture& shape and proportions of the fae.
• Distane %eteen the eyes& nose& mouth& and :a edges.• +pper outlines of the eye sokets& the sides of the mouth& the
loation of the nose and eyes& the area surrounding the heek%ones.
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Benefits of face biometric systems
8 Can %e done from a distane& e#en ithout the user
%eing aare of it.
Weaknesses of face biometric systems
8 4ae %iometri systems are more suited for authentiation than for
identifiation purposes& as it is easy to hange the proportion of one?s
fae %y earing a mask& a nose etension& et. 8 ;ost people are unomforta%le ith ha#ing their piture taken.
Applications of face biometrics
/ess to restrited areas and %uildings& %anks& military sites& airports&
la enforement.
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"oice Recognition
Our #oies are uni,ue to eah person (inluding tins)& and annot %e
eatly repliated.
How oes #oice biometrics work
!peeh inludes to omponents
• physiologial omponent (the #oie trat)
• %eha#ioural omponent (the aent)
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Benefits of #oice biometric systems
8 /%ility to use eisting telephones
8 Can %e automated& and oupled ith speeh reognition systems
8 9o perei#ed in#asi#eness
Weaknesses of #oice biometric systems
8 High false& non6mathing rates
Applications of #oice biometrics
•*elephony6%ased appliations.
•oie #erifiation is used for go#ernment& healthare& all enters&
eletroni ommere& finanial ser#ies& ustomer authentiation for
ser#ie alls.
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$%TH&'S &F BI&$%TRI(S
)abor Filtering
•Ga%or elementary funtions are Gaussians modulated %y sinusoidal
funtions.• / to dimensional (2D) e#en Ga%or filter an %e represented %y the
folloing e,uation in the spatial domain-
• *he entral fre,uenies used are 2& 5& @& 1A& and 32 ylesdegree.
• 4or eah entral fre,ueny f & filtering is performed at ==& 5>=& ==&and 13>=.
• *here are a total of 2= Ga%or filters ith different fre,uenies and
diretions.
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4ig. 3.2 (a) Original "mage. (%) Ga%or 4ilter. () Ga%or filtered "mage.
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*on Filter+base Techni,ue
On the iris images e applied the preproessing steps of F.Daugman's
algorithm .
*he preproessing step inludes-
1. "ris 9oali$ation- *he slera& pupil and eyelids are segmented (4ig . a).2. "ris Normali$ation- *ransformation of loali$ed iris region from
Cartesian oordinates to Polar oordinates (4ig . %).
3. ;asking- *he region orresponding to eyelids and eyelashes are then
masked (4ig . C).
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Wa#elet Transform
*he a#elet transform di#ides the original image into four su%6%ands
and they are denoted %y 99(lo6lo)& 9H(lo6high)& H9(high6lo)and HH(high6high) fre,ueny su%6%ands.
fig. a. Failure case Fig. b. Success case
Figure 5. Localization of the iris pattern result
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*eural *etwork
4ig. Outline of 4ae <eognition !ystem %y using Bak6propagation
Neural Netork
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A#antage
• *here is no etra learning proess inluded here& only %y sa#ing the
fae information of the person and appending the person's name in the
learned data%ase ompletes the learning proess.
•Etrated features are fed into the input of the multilayer Neural
Netork and the netork is trained to reate a knoledge %ase for
reognition hih is then used for reognition.
T bl A ( i f Bi t i
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Table A: Comparison of Biometric Technologies
Biometrics Permanence Performance Uniqueness Acceptability
FingerprintH H H M
Hand GeometryM M M M
Retinal ScanningM H H L
Iris ScanningH H H L
Facial RecognitionM L L H
Dynamic SignatureL L L H
Keystroke DynamicsL L L M
Voice RecognitionL L L H
H= High, M= Meium, != !o"
Table A- (omparison of Biometric
Technologies
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S%.%(TI&* (RIT%RIA F&R BI&$%TRI( T/0%S
• Eonomi 4easi%ility or Cost
• <isk /nalysis
• Pereption of +sers
• *ehno !oio 4easi%ility
• !eurity
• +ser friendly and soial aepta%ility
• 9egal 4easi%ility• Pri#ay
A li ti
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Applications
•Prison #isitor systems.
•Dri#er's lienses.
•Canteen administration•Benefit payment systems.
•Border ontrol.
•oting systems.
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Future Applications+Some common ieas
/*; mahine use
0orkstation and netork aess *ra#el and tourism "nternet transations *elephone transations Pu%li identity ards
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A#antages
/uthentiate the user.
+sers annot pass %iometri harateristis to other users as easilyas they do ards or passords.
Biometri o%:ets annot %e stolen.
;ost %iometri tehni,ues are %ased on features that annot %e lostor forgotten.
Biometri authentiation systems re,uires less speed.
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'rawbacks of biometrics
*hat the system ill enhane the poer o#er indi#iduals of partiular
organi$ations and the !tate*hat high6integrity identifiation em%odies an in#ersion of the
appropriate relationship %eteen the iti$en and the !tate
*hat soiety is %eoming dri#en %y tehnology6assisted %ureauray&
rather than %y eleted go#ernment
•*hat eemptions and eeptions ill eist for poerful indi#idualsand organi$ations& and that the system ill entrenh fraud and
riminality
• *hat suh identifiation shemes are the mehanism foretold in
religious prophey (e.g. ?the ;ark of the Beast?).