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Advanced Application of Computer Aided Manufacturing
Body Organ 3D Printer(Bio Ink Printer)
Prepared ByNikhilkumar MistryViralkumar Jayswal
Karthik Kanna
117,521 people in US in need of organ. Hostilities in Singapore despite HOTA. Kidneys, hearts, livers, lungs are most
coveted. Organs not usable despite donation.
The Coveted Organs
Every tissue in the body is naturally
compartmentalized of different cell types. Using 3D Bio-printing for fabricating biological
constructs typically involves dispensing cells onto a biocompatible scaffold using a successive layer-by-layer approach to generate tissue-like three-dimensional structures.
3D Bioprinting
Bio-printing is an automated computer aided
layer-by-layer deposition of biological materials for manufacturing of functional human organs.
Artificial Bio-printers have already been built. NovoGen MMX® built by Organovo and
Invenech.
3D Bio PrintingFiction meets reality
Bioprinting
Cells are used like "ink“ Basically, once a tissue design is selected, the company
makes "bio-ink" from the cells. Using a NovoGen MMX bioprinter, the cells are layered
between water-based layers until the tissue is built. Hydrogel in between layers is sometimes used to fill
spaces in the tissue or as supports to the 3D printed tissue. Collagen is another material used to fuse the cells together. This layer-by-layer approach is very similar to the normal 3D printing process, where products are built from the ground up.
Bioprinting
deconstructed Intrinsic nature of cells to coalesce1, tissues to
self-assemble2 and fluidity of embryonic tissues3.
Organ printing mimics the natural biological process of embryonic cellular fusion.
Bioprinting process
flow
Bioprinting process
flow
Bioprinting process
flow
Bio-printing Roadmap
250 min cells and collagen from rat tail make
human ear in 15 min. Post-processing 3 months. To serve children with hearing loss due to malformed outer ear.
Layer-by-layer building of scaffold and deposition of kidney cells. Assembly to be transplanted into patient. Degradation of scaffold to follow in-vivo.
Rigid but non-toxic sugar filaments form core. Cells deposited around filaments. Subsequent blood flow dissolves sugar.
Current Progress
laser scan wound to determine depth and
area. One inkjet ejects enzymes and second, cells. Layer is finally sealed by human skin cells. Useful in war and disaster zones.
Print scaffold with ceramic or Titanium powder. After 1 day in culture of human stem cells, its ready. Repair of complex fractures in accident survivors.
Current Progress
Bio-ink, scaffolds and Biocompatible materials
manufacturers. 3D Bio-printers manufacturers. Hospitals & insurance companies (no longer
need to spend money on transplant logistics). Stem-cell harvesting and storage business. Surgical supplies companies. Computer aided design (CAD) software
companies.
Positively Impacted Industries
Kidney dialysis industries. Companies that supply blood sugar testing
supplies. Companies that produces and supplies insulin,
pills and insulin pumps. Companies that sell pacemakers, new heart
valves. Organ replacement logistics.
Negatively Impacted Industries
Bio-printing -
Forecast
Takes less time than lab-grown artificial organs, therefore,
future demand looks bright. However, organ printing has certain disadvantages and
limitations compared to lab-grown organs. Lab-grown organs get to take the time for the different
cell types to start integrating and function with each other while organ printing does not give quite the same opportunity.
In 10 years, the number of patients that require organs will have doubled.
Many challenges ahead and aspects left to improve before commercialization of organ printing.
Pro’s and Con’s
Vascularization, scaling, the interaction between
the different cell types, well-functioning organs that can be integrated into the patient’s body.
From a systems engineering point of view, it will require more than bio-printers to produce complex tissues and organs.
Bio-printers alone will not be enough for producing the artificial organs. Steps such as fusion, assembling, remodeling, maturing are required.
Quality control a crucial matter!!!
Pro’s and Con’s
www.techrepublic.com www.organovo.com www.3ders.org
References
Questions?Thank you