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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function61
Subphylum Chelicerata
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Arthropoda
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function62
ChelicerataChelicerata CrustaceaCrustaceaAtelocerata
(Uniramia, Tracheata)Atelocerata
(Uniramia, Tracheata)
• Two tagma: prosoma and opisthosoma• Prosoma with six pairs of appendages• Chelicera, first pair of appendages• Loss of antenna and deuterocerebrum
Chelicerata(autapomorphies)
!!
!!
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Tagmosis (chelicerates)
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function63
OpisthosomaProsoma
Chelicera
Pedipalps
Walking legs
Spinnerets
Tracheal spiracle
Book lung spiracle
EpigynumPedicel
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Tagmosis (chelicerates)
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function64
Labium
Gnathobase
Fang (Chelicera)
Pedipalp
Sternum
Walking leg
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Chelicera and simple eyes
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function65
Medial eyes
Lateral eyes
Basalpiece(with poison gland)
Fang
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Sensory – simple eyes
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function66
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Male spider’s pedipalp
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function67
GnathobaseTibia
Tibia
Cymbium(Tarsus)
Cymbium(Tarsus)
Embolus
Embolus
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Silk and spider webs
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function68
Spigots
Spinneret
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Orb webs
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function69
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Orb webs
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function70
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function71
Feeding and digestion
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Book lung
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function72
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function73
Ticks and mites
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Tick
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function74
CapitulumPalps
Gnathosoma
Idiosoma
Eyes
Shield
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Tick, ventral surface
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function75
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Mites
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function76
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Subphylum Atelocerata (Tracheata)
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function77
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Arthropoda
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function78
ChelicerataChelicerata CrustaceaCrustacea
• Loss of second pair of appendages on the head
• Mandibles without articulation
• Malpighian tubules • Paired segmental tracheal system
Atelocerata(autapomorphies)
!!
!!
Atelocerata(Tracheata)
Atelocerata(Tracheata)
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Chilopod head
09:26
BIO2135 Animal form and function79
Antenna
2nd maxillapalp
1st maxilla
Maxilliped(Poison claw)
Eye
First leg
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Diplopod head
09:26
BIO2135 Animal form and function80
Collum
Antenna
Eye
Mandible
Maxilla (Gnathochilarium)
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Reasons for insect success
● Small size● Water proof exoskeleton● Metamorphosis● Reproductive potential● Co-evolution with plants● Evolution of flight (Not an ancestral
character.)
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function81
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect - Tagma
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function82
Head AbdomenThorax
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect tagma
● Head– sensory and food acquisition
● Thorax– Locomotion
● Abdomen–Reproduction and general function
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function83
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Generalized mouthparts
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function84
Labrum
Mandible
Maxilla
Labium
HypopharynxFrons
Clypeus
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Head – lines and landmarks
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function85
Vertex
Anterior tentorial pitFrons
Antenna
Compound eye
Ocellus
Gena
Mandible
Clypeus
Labrum
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Head – lines and landmarks
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function86
Gena
Posterior tentorial pit
Manibular condyle
Maxillary condyle
Compound eyeOcellus
Anterior tentorial pitFrons
Antenna
Mandibular condyle
Clypeus
Labrum
Mandible
LabiumMaxilla
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Reinforcing the head - tentorium
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function87
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect mouth
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function88
Labrum
Labium
Hypopharynx
Preoral cavity
Salivary duct
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Piercing mouthparts
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function89
Lb – LabrumMx – MaxillaMxp – Maxillary palpMd – MandibleHy – HypopharynxLa - Labium
La
LbMdHy
Mx
MxMdLb
La
Mxp
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function90
Lb – LabrumMx – MaxillaMxp – Maxillary palpMd – MandibleHy – HypopharynxLa - Labium
La
Mxp
La
Lb
Lb
Mx
Mx
HyMd
MdHy
Combination - Horsefly
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Sponging mouthparts
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function91
Lb – LabrumMx – MaxillaMxp – Maxillary palpMd – MandibleHy – HypopharynxLa - Labium
La
Lb
Hy
La
Lb
Mxp
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:28 AM
BIO2135 Animal form and function92
Lb – LabrumMx – MaxillaMxp – Maxillary palpMd – MandibleHy – HypopharynxLa – LabiumLap – Labial palp
Lap
Lb
Mx
MdMxp
Lap
La
Mx
La
Combination – honey bee
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Butterfly
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function93
Lb – LabrumMx – MaxillaMxp – Maxillary palpMd – MandibleHy – HypopharynxLa - Labium
La
MxMx
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Thorax
● Prothorax
● Mesothorax
● Metathorax
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function94
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect leg
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function95
TrochanterCoxa
Femur
Tibia
Tarsus
Pretarsus
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Pronotum and leg articulation
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function96
Notum
Coxalarticulation
Coxal cavity
Pleurites
Pleurite
Sternum
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect flight - Pterothorax
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function97
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Wing articulation
9:30 AM
BIO2135 Animal form and function98
Posteriornodal processPleural process
Subalar
Anterior nodalprocess
Basalar
Pleural suture
Wing edge
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Reinforcing the thorax
9:30 AM
BIO2135 Animal form and function99
Apodeme
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Direct flight musculature
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function100
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Direct flight musculature
9:31 AM
BIO2135 Animal form and function101
Subalar
Basalar Pleural process
Ligaments
Axillary sclerites
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Indirect flight muscles
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function102
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Indirect flight mechanism
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function103
Longitudinalindirect
Pleuron
Basalar
Direct wingmuscles
Dorsal ventral indirect
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect abdomen
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function104
Tergite
SternitePleuralmembrane
Ovipositor
Cercus
Spiracles
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Reproduction and development
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function105
● Spermatophores
● Eggs
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Female reproductive system
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function106
Terminal filament
Ovarioles
CalyxLateral oviduct
Common oviduct
Accessory gland
SpermathecaVagina
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Male reproductive system
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function107
Testis
Sperm duct(vas deferen)
Seminal vesicle
Accessory gland
Ejaculatory duct
Gonopore
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Insect eggs
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function108
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Malpighian tubules
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function109
MidgutRectum(hindgut)
K+
H2O
Uric acid
Uric acid
Cl-
H2O
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Tracheal system
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function110
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Tracheal system
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function111
Air sac
Trachealtrunk
Trachea
Tracheole
Spiracle
Muscle
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Incomplete metamorphosisHemimetabolous metamorphosis
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function112
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Complete metamorphosisHolometabolous metamorphosis
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function113
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa 9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function114
Sociality in insects
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Arthropoda
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Honey Bee castes
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function115
Worker Queen Drone
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Communication and control
Recruitment
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function116
Waggle DanceVideo start at 4:45
Université d’Ottawa / University of OttawaUniversité d’Ottawa / University of Ottawa
Honey bee colonies
9:09 AM
BIO2135 Animal Form & Function117
New queensdevelop in colony
Colony increasesin size
New queen mateswith drones and returnsto nest
Old queen leaves colonyand takes some workers with her and forms new colony
