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E + S -> ES -> EP -> E + P

Cofactors) metal ion small organic molecules

Cosubstrates, transiently associate, Derived from VITAMINS

NAD+ (B3) coenzyme A (B5) FAD (B2)

ENZYMES (pathways) ARE SEGREGATED

()*+,&-.

TRANSITION-STATE STABILIZATION

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Vmaxat high substrate concentrations = Substrate Saturation&'123& ,&%-#$0*"' responses to changes in substrateconcentration, temperature, and pH

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STATIN DRUGS antihyperlipidemic

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!-lactam antibiotics (penicillin and amoxicillin) Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors

ALLOSTERIC ENZYMESUsually multiple subunit proteinsAllosteric effectors that bind noncovalently (recall Hb)

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Homotropic effectorsHeterotropic effectorsREGULATION BY COVALENT MODIFICATION Kinase (ATPas donor) and phosphatase

Enzymes in Clinical Diagnosis6?698A6B >?8CD8 65EFD6 "232"4 @"04;0 ;0> 87

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45J8:IA4@5

+CT #7421 87 @"04;0 U 1# V :/4

+CT @20% W TU :#5/4

+CT 6042"872 UVXYT:/4

+0/

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*'.-#*' $'P %#-!$%"'

P&G)(S *J&[-M)S \KM+P)S *.J !(*&.

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&70$1832 @/2$5/4#/4S >:6>:@45C

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A2@01#$>124S 2/>1:/#$>124S 72/3#54 4>412;S 871241870" ;5$#40S /270" 1565"24S 07