Date post: | 18-Jan-2016 |
Category: |
Documents |
Upload: | ilene-young |
View: | 220 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Biochemistry
Lecture 11
Common Biochemical Reaction Types
Electrophiles
Nucleophiles
Nucleophilic Substitution
Nucleophilic Substitution
Nucleophilic Acyl Substiution
(Group Transfer Reaction)
Nucleophilic Addition
Carbonyl Condensation
Carbonyl Condensation
Elimination
Oxidation and Reduction
Overview of Energy Metabolism
FATS POLYSACCHARIDES PROTEINS
Fatty Acids, Glucose and Amino Acids
Glycerol other sugars
Stage I Digestion
Acetyl CoA
Stage II Anaerobic
TCA cycle CO2
CoA
e-
ADPATP
O2Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Stage III Aerobic
Principles of Regulation• The flow of metabolites through the
pathways is regulated to maintain homeostasis
• Sometimes, the levels of required metabolites must be altered very rapidly– Need to increase the capacity of glycolysis
during the action– Need to reduce the capacity of glycolysis after
the action– Need to increases the capacity of
gluconeogenesis after successful action
Rates of a Biochemical Reaction
• Rates of a biochemical reaction depend on many factors• Concentration of reactants• Activity of the catalyst
– Concentration of the enzyme– Intrinsic activity of the enzyme
• Concentrations of effectors– Allosteric regulators– Competing substrates– pH, ionic environment
• Temperature
Reactions Far From Equilibrium are Common Points of Regulation