BIOCHEMISTRY M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19) Paper 1 : Molecular Biology (Core) - 4 Credits UNIT – I Structure of DNA. Concept and definition of the gene, complexity of the eukaryotic gene. Structural organization of the DNA in the nuclear material- General properties of histones, nucleosomes and solenoid structure. UNIT – II Modes of replication. DNA synthesis: The enzymes of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. mechanism of replication in bacteria and viruses, reverse transcriptase, salient features of eukaryotic nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication. Inhibitors of replication. UNIT – III RNA synthesis: The enzymes of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mechanism of transcription in bacteria, heteronuclear RNA, post transcriptional processing of RNA, role of ribozymes. Inhibitors of transcription. UNIT – IV Protein synthesis: Concept of the genetic code, structure of r-RNA and t-RNA enzymes of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mechanism of protein synthesis, post translational processing proteins. Inhibitors of translation. Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
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BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19)
Paper 1 : Molecular Biology (Core) - 4 Credits UNIT – I Structure of DNA. Concept and definition of the gene, complexity of the eukaryotic gene. Structural organization of the DNA in the nuclear material- General properties of histones, nucleosomes and solenoid structure. UNIT – II Modes of replication. DNA synthesis: The enzymes of DNA replication in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. mechanism of replication in bacteria and viruses, reverse transcriptase, salient features of eukaryotic nuclear and mitochondrial DNA replication. Inhibitors of replication. UNIT – III RNA synthesis: The enzymes of transcription in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mechanism of transcription in bacteria, heteronuclear RNA, post transcriptional processing of RNA, role of ribozymes. Inhibitors of transcription. UNIT – IV Protein synthesis: Concept of the genetic code, structure of r-RNA and t-RNA enzymes of translation in prokaryotes and eukaryotes, mechanism of protein synthesis, post translational processing proteins. Inhibitors of translation. Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
UNIT – V Regulation of gene expression in prokaryotes, and eukaryotes, Types of operon- Inducible and repressible, Positive and negative control. Structure (promoter, operator , structural gene and regulator ) and mechanism of various operons, such as Lac, Trp and Ara. REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Molecular Biology of the Gene by James D. Watson 2. Molecular Biology by David Freifelder 3. Lewin's Essential Genes By Benjamin Lewin, Elliott S. Goldstein, Stephen
T. Kilpatrick 4. Molecular Biology and Genetic Engineering by P.K.Gupta
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19)
Paper 2: Clinical Biochemistry (Core) - 4 Credits UNIT – 1 Collection and preservation of biological fluids. Chemical analysis of CSF. Composition of ICF and ECF. Fluid and Electrolyte balance Disorders related to Acid base balance.Chemistry and mode of action of antibiotics: Penicillin, tetracycline, streptomycin and chloramphenicol. UNIT – II Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism, Postprandial and Glucose tolerance test. Biochemical changes in Diabetes mellitus, Hypoglycemia, Ketone bodies, Glycosylated hemoglobins. Lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins-role in diseases. UNIT – III Evaluation of organ function tests of gastric, pancreas, kidney and liver. Bilirubin- direct and indirect, Vanden bergh test and its clinical significance, jaundice. Fatty liver, Bile pigments-chemical nature and physiological significance. UNIT – IV Porphyrins – chemical nature and physiological significance and their detection by spectrophotometry and fluorescence. Enzymes in differential diagnosis of diseases and their clinical significance. Detoxification, Phase I and Phase II reactions, Enzymes of detoxication. Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
UNIT – V Carcinogenesis, characteristics of cancerous cells, agents promoting carcinogenesis. Free radicals in biological system, Antioxidants. REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Textbook of Biochemistry by West Todd 2. Biochemistry by Lehninger 3. Review of Biochemistry by Harper 4. Biochemistry by Stryer Lubert
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
BIOCHEMISTRY M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19)
Paper 3: Immunology (Elective) - 4 Credits UNIT – I Types of immunity, innate, acquired, passive, and active, self vs nonself discrimination. Physiology of immune response: HI and CMI specificity and memory, Antigen types. Immunoglobulins – structure, distribution and functions, Isotypic, Allotypic and Idiotypic variants. Immunoglobulin superfamily. UNIT – II Structure and function of lymphoid tissue., origin and development of T- and B- lymphocytes, differentiation of lymphocytes. T and B cells and their surface antigens. Activation of T- and B- lymphocytes and signaling pathways in T and B cells. Antigen processing and presentation, lymphokines, phagocytic cells, macrophage, dendritic cells, K and NK cells. UNIT – III MHC genes and products, polymorphism in MHC genes, Role of MHC antigens in immune responses, MHC antigens in transplantation and HLA tissue typing. Structure and function of class I and II molecules. Effector mechanisms in immunity macrophage activation, cell mediated cytotoxicity, cytotoxicity assay. Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
UNIT – IV Hypersensitivity reactions and types. The complement system, mode of activation, classical, alternate and lectin pathway, biological functions of C proteins. Immunological tolerance and suppression. UNIT – V Antigen-antibody reactions, Immunotechiques- Agglutination and precipitation, Single and double immuno diffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis, Immuno fluorescence, RIA and ELISA, Monoclonal antibodies- production and application. REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Text Book of immunology by Kuby 2. Immunology an Introduction by Tizard 3. Text Book of Microbiology by Ananthanarayan And Paniker, 4. Roitts Essential Immunology by Roitt
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19)
Paper 4: Metabolism II (Elective) - 4 Credits UNIT – I Proteins: Digestion and absorption of proteins, Protein metabolism: proteolysis, deamination- oxidative and non oxidative, Transamination- mechanism and role of pyridoxal phosphate, decarboxylation reactions, nitrogen balance, ammonia transport, Urea cycle. UNIT – II Amino acid metabolism: Glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids, one carbon metabolism, Biosynthesis of non essential amino acids, pyruvate forming and glutamate forming amino acids. Inborn errors associated with them. UNIT – III Catabolism of Sulphur containing amino acid-methionine, Catabolism of acidic amino acid-aspartate, Catabolism of basic amino acid -lysine, Catabolism of branched chain Amino acid Catabolism of aromatic amino acids. Inborn errors associated with Amino acid metabolism Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
UNIT – IV Nucleic acid metabolism-Degradation of nucleoprotein,Biosynthesis and degradation of purines and pyrimidines and their regulation. Structure and regulation of ribonucleotide reductase. Inhibitors of nucleic acid biosynthesis. Inherited disorders of purine and pyrimidine metabolism- Gout, Lesch- nyhan syndrome, oroticaciduria. UNIT – V Mineral metabolism: Biological role of minerals and trace elements- Ca, P,Fe, Cl, Mn, Zn, Cu, Mg Toxic effects of heavy metals, such as Hg, Cd, Pb, As. REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Textbook of Biochemistry by West Todd 2. Biochemistry by Lehninger 3. Review of Biochemistry by Harper 4. Biochemistry by Stryer Lubert
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19)
Paper 5: Computer Applications in Biochemistry (Elective) - 4 Credits
UNIT – I use of computers in general life, use in scientific research, use of
computers in life sciences. Basic concepts of databases and RDBMS. Introduction to Bioinformatics, rationale and applications; NCBI, EB1, ExPASy and other resources and the knowledge of va rious database^and bioinformatics tools available at these resources, the major content of the databases, purpose and utility in I sciences. Contributing fields and fields wide open. Challenges in bioinformatics.
UNIT – II
Bioinformatics resources and databases: Nucleic acid sequence databases: GenBank, EMBL, DDBJ Protein sequence databases: SWISS-PROT, TrEMBL, PIR PSD, PDB Genome Databases at NCBI, EBI, TIGR, SANGER Literature databases: MedLine, PubMed, PubMed Central Other Databases of Patterns/Motifs/System Biology (Gene and protein network database and resources) Various file formats for bio-molecular sequences: genएbank, fasta, etc.
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
UNIT – III
Sequence analysis and phylogenetics: Basic concepts of sequence similarity, identity and homology, definitions of homologues, orthologues, paralogues. Scoring matrices and sequence search tools: Matrices for nucleic acid and proteins sequences, PAM and BLOSUM series and other related matrices, sequence-based database searches, BLAST, FASTA and their various versions. UNIT – IV Pairwise and Multiple sequence alignments: basic concepts of sequence alignment, Needleman & Wuncsh, Smith & Waterman algorithms for pairwise alignments, Multiple sequence alignment (MSA), use of pairwise alignments and MSA for analysis of nucleic acid and protein sequences. definition and description of phylogenetic trees and various types of trees, Bootstra computational phylogenetics and computational molecular evolution.
UNIT – V Structural Biology and current advancements in Bioinformatics: Concepts of molecular modeling. Concepts of homology modeling. Tools of molecular visualization. Basic concepts of System Biology, Chemioinformatics and Immunoinformatics.
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
Reference Books-
1. Fundamental of Computers by P. K. Gupta 2. Comdex Compter Course Kit by Vikas Gupta 3. Basics of Bioinformatics,Applications in Biological Sciences and Medicines
by Hooman H.Rashidi and Lukas K.Buehler
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham
Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala
Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary
Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
BIOCHEMISTRY
M.Sc. SEMESTER IV (2018-19)
Paper 6 : Scientific Writing (Elective) - 4 Credits
Unit-I Introduction to research, meaning, characteristics, types and relevance of research, Research process, Identification and formulation of the research problem. Unit-II Hypothesis: Meaning, types, need, functions and sources of hypothesis, Process of setting hypothesis. Concept: Meaning, significance, characteristics, types. How to use concepts, operationalization of concept. Unit-III Research design: Meaning, features, need for research design, components of research design. Research Design for exploratory or formulating research studies. Research Design for descriptive and diagnostic research studies Research design for hypothesis testing or experimental research studies. Unit-IV Collection of data: Meaning of data, types of data, importance of data Sources of data, primary sources and secondary sources, documentary method, Questionnaire method. Schedule method, interview method and observation method. Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
Unit-V Interpretation and report writing, meaning of interpretation, forms of interpretation, techniques of interpretation, prerequisites for interpretation, precautions in interpretation, conclusion, generalization, sources of errors in interpretation. REFERENCE BOOKS-
1. Research Methodology by C.K. Kothari 2. Research Methodolgy by Ranjit Kumar 3. Design of Computer by Federer 4. Research Methods by Ram Ahuja
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma
Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
M.Sc. Semester IV Practical 1
Practical List
1. Estimation of phosphate in serum.
2. Estimation of creatinine in serum.
3. Estimation of calcium in serum.
4. Estimation of cholesterol in serum sample.
5. Estimation of chloride in serum sample.
6. Estimation of urea in blood sample.
M.Sc. Semester IV Practical 2
Practical List
1. Estimation of bilirubin in serum sample.
2. Estimation of uric acid in serum sample.
3. Assay of serum amylase enzyme.
4. Assay of serum phosphatase enzymes-acid and alkaline phosphatase.
5. Assay of serum enzymes- Aspartate transaminase and Alanine transaminase.
6. Electrophoretic separation of proteins.
7. Demonstration of immunological techniques ( Radial immunodiffusion and
Ouchterlony double diffusion).
Dr. A. Bafna Prof. A. R. Batham Dr. Purnima Dey Sarkar Mrs. Tasneem Rangwala Prof. R.S. Gupta Mr. Deepak Choudhary Prof. R.S. Maheshwari Dr. Bhavna Sharma Mr. Rohan Gupta Miss Ojal Sohni
