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Biocontrol agents and biopesticides in potato IPM End Next
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Biocontrol agents and biopesticides in potato IPM
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1. Conservation and augmentation
of predators like lady bird beetles, lace wing bugs,
spiders, insectivorous birds
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Avoid insecticidal application in fields where natural population of these predators is available. If unavoidable, apply insecticides during the afternoon hours when predatory activity is minimum
Periodic augmentative releases of commercially available predator species may be necessary
Lady bird beetles and lace wing bugs
Generalized predators of aphids, white
fly , leaf hoppers &
mites
Fig. Predatory lady bird beetle Fig. Lace wing bug Source: http://www.potatocongress.org/wpc/Paul-Horne.pdf
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Naturally present in most agricultural fields
Avoid use of persistent soil insecticides to conserve these predators
Carabid beetles
Good predators of white grubs,
cut worm larvae, nymphs of mole cricket
and field crickets
Fig. Carabid beetlesSource: http://www.organicagcentre.ca/Potato%20Symposium/Christine%20Noronha/
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Spiders are good predators of aphids, white fly, leaf hoppers,epilachna beetles and mites
Encourage their activity by avoiding injudicious use of chemical pesticides
Predatory spiders of potato ecosystem
Fig. Predatory spiders of potato ecosystem Source: www.google.co.in/images
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They feed on insects like aphids, coccids and nematodes
Very fast moving and abundantly available in potato fields (also available commercially)
Restrict use of insecticides when they are abundant in the field
Predatory Phytoseiid mites:
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Birds play an important role in controlling white grub, cut worm, mole cricket and field cricket
Common insectivorous birds are black drongo, house sparrow, cattle egrets, House crow, jungle crow, common myna, bank myna , Indian robin and parrot
Common predatory birds
Bird perches may be erected to facilitate their predation
Fig. Common predatory birdsSource: AINP on White grubs, Department of Entomology, Assam Agricultural University, Jorhat-13
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2. Conservation and utilization of parasitoids
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Field release of Trichogramma chilonis @ 1 lakh/ha to destroy
cut worm eggs
Trichocard
Fig. Trichogramma parasitizing lepidopteran eggs Fig.Trichocard with Trichogramma for field release
Source: http://www.nbaii.res.in/PDBC-NAIP/home.html
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Release egg-larval parasitoid , Chelonus blackburni @ 30000/ha at
40 and 70 days after planting against potato tuber moth
Fig. Chelonus blackburni Source: http://www.nbaii.res.in/Featured%20insects/chelonus7.jpg
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Copidosoma koehleri
Release of this parasitoid @ 1 lakh/ha can effectively control potato tuber moth in both field and storage conditions
Fig. Copidosoma koehleri parasitizing the eggs and larvae of potato tuber moth
Source :http://www.potatocongress.org/wpc/Paul-Horne.pdf
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Techinid flies are important parasitoids of cut worms, white grubs etc.
Parasitiods like Encarsia spp. are important against whiteflies.
Conserve their
population by
avoiding unnecessary
use of chemical pesticides
Fig. Encarsia spp.
Source: www. oisat.org
Fig. Technid fly
Source: http://www.google.co.in/imgres?q=Tachinid+fly&hl
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3. Use of microbials
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Entomopathogenic Fungi1. Metarhizium anisopliae2. Beauveria bassiana
Green muscardine diseased grub White muscardine diseased grub
Pre-sowing soil application of entomopathogenic fungi like white muscardine fungus (Beauveria bassiana) and green muscardine fungus (Metarhizium anisopilae ) @ 10 g/m2 (containing 1012 spores /ha) against white grub and cut worm larvae, mole
crickets, field crickets
Application of entomopathogenic fungus, Verticillium lacanii @ 48 X 106/ml is effective against epilachna beetles
1 2
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Entomophilic nematode Heterorhabditis indica @ 10g talc/ m2(containing @ 4 billion IJs/ha )
is effective against white grub larvae,
mole cricket & field cricket
Application of entomopathogenic bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis @
3 X 106 reduces infestation of epilachna beetles
Fig. Entomophilic Nematode
Source: www.ainpwhitegrubs.com
Fig. Bacteria
Source: www.ainpwhitegrubs.com
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4. Biopesticides
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Procedure for preparing neem leaf extract
Click on the video to visualizeVideo : Double click on the photograph for video
Courtesy; Ms. Deepa Bhattacharyya, Director, Documentary on Organic Farming ,RKD Film Production, Guwahati, Assam
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Application of mustard oil cake @ 150 kg/ha at the time of earthing up of potato reduces red ant, cut worm and termite infestation to a great extent
Fig. Mustard oil cakeSource: http://www.google.co.in/imgres?imgurl=http://1.imimg.com/data/W/5/MY-774903/master-oil-cake- and-soabin-oil-cake_10626548_250x250.jpg&imgrefurl
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Spray Neem Seed Kernel Extract (NSKE) 5 % to manage foliar
damage caused by larvae of tuber moth
Cover the stored potato tubers with branches of Lantanaor Eupatorium to repel ovipositing tuber moths
Use 4cm thick layer of shade dried neem or Eucalyptus leaves under and over the stored seed potato tubers for controlling potato tuber moth
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Spray 5% NSKE or neem oil spray @ 1% or pongamia oil (0.75%) against leaf hoppers and aphids
Soil application of neem cake @ 250 kg/ha along the plant rows is effective against leaf hoppers
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