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BIODIVERSITY CONSERVATION By Kumeh Mensah Eric Final Year BSc. Natural Resource Mgt. FRNR-CANR KNUST Ghana
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BIODIVERSITYCONSERVATION
ByKumeh Mensah Eric
Final YearBSc. Natural Resource Mgt.
FRNR-CANRKNUSTGhana
Presentation Outline
2023-05-03
Definition and origin of biodiversity
Components of biodiversity Gene diversity Species diversity Ecosystem diversity
Benefits of biodiversity Economic benefits Ecological and environmental benefits Aesthetic and scientific benefits
Factors militating against biodiversity Population growth Climate change and global warming Deforestation
Presentation Outline(Cont.)
2023-05-03
Factors militating against biodiversity Species Introduction Global Warming and Climate Change Pollution
Definition of Conservation and Biodiversity Conservation
Why Biodiversity Conservation
The Way Forward Policy and Legislation Education Restoring Ecosystems The Role of Natural Resource of Management
Did You Know?
Definition
2023-05-03
What does “Bio” mean?
BIO = LIFE
What does “DIVERSITY” mean?
DIVERSITY = VARIETY
Biodiversity
The term was coined by Edward O. Wilson amongst others, as an ecological concept to include all the living organisms of a given system, from the monera to the trees, annelids to mammals.
2023-05-03
Biodiversity is the variety of life on earth and the essential interdependence of all living things (species).
Components of Biodiversity
2023-05-03
Genetic Variety Differences in inheritable characteristics
that are present in a population
Chihuahua Rottweilers
Beagle
Species Variety
2023-05-03
Species is a particular type of organism or population of organisms which share some characteristics and can interbred to produce a fertile offspring
Ecosystem Variety
2023-05-03
An ecosystem is made up of interacting populations and the abiotic factors that support them.
Benefits of Biodiversity
2023-05-03
Food Security Many species
not now commonly used for food could be.
Medicine
2023-05-03
Rosy periwinkle
Every species that goes extinct represents one lost opportunity to find a cure for cancer, hepatitis & HIV/AIDS.
Economic Benefits
2023-05-03
Affluent tourists pay good money to see wildlife, and protected ecosystems.
Environmental & Ecological Benefits
2023-05-03
Protection from floods and droughts
Stable ecosystems with adequate trees help regulate the water cycle by acting as temporal sinks.
Soil Fertility Sustenance
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Micro-organism and macro-organism activities aerate soils.
Nutrient cycling by deep rooted trees
Earthworm in soils
Aesthetic Benefits
2023-05-03
Biophilia; human love for and attachment to other living things; “the connections that human beings subconsciously seek out with the rest of life”:
Keeping of petsValuing real estate
with landscape views
Interest in escaping cities to go hiking, birding, fishing, hunting, backpacking, etc.
Benefits of Biodiversity
2023-05-03
Research (Motivation and generation of ideas)
Factors Militating Against Biodiversity
2023-05-03
Population Growth
7 billion people
who need to be fed.
Overexploitation of Resources
2023-05-03
Extraction of flora and fauna resources beyond sustainable thresholds
Deforestation
Global Warming and Climate Change
2023-05-03
Emissions of “greenhouse gases” are causing temperatures to warm worldwide, increasing the frequency of extreme weather events.
Polar bear on melting ice
Species Introduction
2023-05-03
Accidental or intentional introduction of exotic species to new areas. Most do not
establish or expand, but some do—likely because they are “released” from limitations imposed by their native predators, parasites, and competitors.
Japanese Kudzu
Species Introduction
2023-05-03
Pollution
2023-05-03
Air and water pollution; agricultural runoff, industrial chemicals.
Pollution (cont.)
2023-05-03
Eutrophication
Eutrophication occurs when fertilizers, animal wastes, sewage, or other substances rich in nitrogen and phosphorus flow into waterways, causing extensive algae growth.
Pollution (cont.)
2023-05-03
Acid Rains Sulfur and nitrogen compounds
react with water and other substances in the air to form sulfuric acid and nitric acid.
Acid precipitation removes calcium, potassium, and other nutrients from the soil, depriving plants of these nutrients. It damages plant tissue and slows their growth.
Pollution (cont.)
2023-05-03
Biological magnification Biological
magnification is the increasing concentration of toxic substances in organisms as trophic levels increase in a food chain or food web.
Conservation
2023-05-03
Conservation is an ethic of use, allocation and protection of valued resources.
Biodiversity Conservation implies the use, allocation and protection of the variety of flora and fauna resources in a manner that ensures the sustainability of these resources.
Why Biodiversity Conservation?
2023-05-03
1. To Ensure Food SecurityIreland Potato famine 1845
Why Biodiversity Conservation?
2023-05-03
2. Prevents extinction of species
DODO BIRD
30 per cent of amphibians, 23 per cent of mammals and 12 per cent of birds are threatened (IUCN 2006).
Why Biodiversity Conservation?
2023-05-03
3.To sustain ecosystem
services
Why Biodiversity Conservation?
2023-05-03
4. Maintenance
of cultural heritage.
Parrot – Totem of Agona
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Policy and Legislation
Policy is a proposed or adopted course of action that guide decision to obtain rational outcomes.
Legislation proclamation of laws by a recognized institution.
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Conventions, Protocols & Treaties Trade Record
Analysis of Flora and Fauna in Commerce (TRAFFIC)
Cartagena Protocol on Biosafety
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Education
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Restoring Ecosystems Bioremediation
The use of living organisms, such as prokaryotes, fungi, or plants, to detoxify or remove pollutants.
Technologies can be generally classified as in situ or ex situ.
Oleispira antarctica
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Biological Augmentation
Adding natural predators to a degraded ecosystem is called biological augmentation.
Ladybugs can be introduced into an ecosystem to control aphid populations.
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Controlled breeding programs
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Natural Resource Management Sustainable Forest and Wildlife Mgt.
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
Sustainable Aquaculture
Raising of fishery resources in controlled environments.
The Way Forward
2023-05-03
AgroforestryCareful integration trees, crops and/or animalson the same landmanagement unit.
Did You Know?
2023-05-03
Bamboo can grow up to three feet in a 24 hour period.
Did You Know?
2023-05-03
According to UN Food and Agriculture Organization estimates, 100 crop species supply 90 percent of the world's food and bees pollinate more than 70% of these crops!
Did You Know?
2023-05-03
As estimated by the IUCN, 50 percent of all endangered species live in the rainforest. The planet’s largest rainforest –The Amazon – lost more than 17 percent of its forest cover in the last century due to human activity.
Did You Know?
2023-05-03
Grasshopper Mouse uses Scorpion Venom as a “Painkiller”
Conclusion
2023-05-03
References
2023-05-03
Admiraal, J.F., Wossink, A., de Groot, W.T., de Snoo, G.R., 2013. More than total economic value: how to combine economic valuation of biodiversity with ecological resilience. Ecol. Econ. 89, 115–122.
Bai, Y., Zhuang, C., Ouyang, Z., Zheng, H., Jiang, B., 2011. Spatial characteristics between biodiversity and ecosystem services in a human-dominated watershed. Ecol. Complexity 8, 177–183.
Dunne, J.A., Williams, R.J., 2009. Cascading extinctions and community collapse in model food webs. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London, Ser. B-Biol. Sci. 364, 1711–1723.
Egoh, B.N., Reyers, B., Carwardine, J., Bode, M., O’Farrell, P.J., Wilson, K.A., Possingham, H.P., Rouget, M., De Lange, W., Richardson, D.M., Cowling, R.M., 2010. Safeguarding biodiversity and ecosystem services in the little karoo, South Africa. Conserv. Biol. 24, 1021–1030.
References Cont’d
2023-05-03
Haines-Young, R., Potschin, M., 2013. Common International Classification of Ecosystem Services (CICES): Consultation on Version 4, August-December 2012. EEA Framework, Contract No EEA/IEA/09/003.
Reyers, B., Polasky, S., Tallis, H., Mooney, H.A., Larigauderie, A., 2012. Finding common ground for biodiversity and ecosystem services. Bioscience 62, 503–507.
Tscharntke, T., Klein, A.M., Kruess, A., Steffan-Dewenter, I., Thies, C., 2005. Landscape perspectives on agricultural intensification and biodiversity – ecosystem service management. Ecol. Lett. 8, 857–874.
Salles, J.-M., 2011. Valuing biodiversity and ecosystem services: why put economic values on nature? C.R. Biol. 334, 469–482.
