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Biodiversity hotspots of primary producers at the
global scaleAlice Soccodato
In collaboration with: d’Ovidio F, De Monte S, Levy M, Follows M, Alvain S.
Liege – Friday 17 May 2013
Why do we care about biodiversity?
Cadotte 2006
alpha
gamma
Individualsallelic diversity, activity
rates, susceptibility, survival, natural selection
Ecosystem: resistance & resilience, functioning & services
Species & communities: migration, dispersal, blooming,
diapose, ecological niche, range size and localization, (di)synhcronization,
(dis)equilibrium, (un)coupling, energy flux, matter flux
beta
Microbes can
be dispersed
universally but only
measurable where
conditions promote
their growth.
“Everything is everywhere but environment selects”
(Baas-Becking 1934)
Species distributions and successions are based on a phase-space defined by energy
and nutrients
Which are the ecological controls of phytoplankton biodiversity in the (sub)-
mesoscale open ocean?
- biophysical mechanisms (role of stirring)
structuring meso- and sub-mesoscale distribution of
phytoplankton species or functional types,
aggregation and dispersion;
- mapping biodiversity hotspots and gradients by
integrating remote sensing, models and in situ data;
Methods Data:- Multisatellite data (altimetry, SST, Chl);- Darwin model (Follows et al. 2007; Barton et al.2010);
- in-situ observations of planktonic communities;
Analyses:
- Physat algorithm: chl spectra phytoplankton
dominant group (Alvain et al. 2008, 2012);
- Lagrangian diagnostics: surface currents
transport fronts, mixing regions and origin of water
masses (F. d'Ovidio et al. 2010);
- Biodiversity measures: remote sensed, model
simulations and in-situ data hotspots.
Phytoplankton biogeography
Follows et al. 2007
Physat
Horizontal stirring and phytoplankton communities: towards the definition of a
new biodiversity index
Area-based Shannon entropy Index
high
low
Global patterns of area-based diversity
Hotspots by remote sensing
Hotspots by Darwin Model
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity
Darwin model
Darwin model satellite (De Monte S, Soccodato A, et al 2013)
Alp
ha
Are
a-b
ase
d
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity
Darwin alpha biodiversity hotspots
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity
Darwin Alpha + Darwin area-based biodiversity hotspots
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity
Darwin Alpha + Darwin area-based + Physat area-based biodiversity hotspots
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity:in-situ nano-microplankton biodiversity
De Monte S, Soccodato A, et al. 2013
Alpha div. (AMT)
Area-based div. (satellite)
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity:in-situ biodiversity through taxa
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity:in-situ biodiversity through taxa
Biodiversity vs temperature
Stegen et al. 2012
De Monte S, Soccodato A, et al. 2013
Area-based diversity vs SST Metabolic diversity vs T
Tittensor et al. 2010
Oceanic diversity vs SST
Stirring creates environmental heterogeneity structuring phytoplankton distribution
Information on the alpha biodiversity of the whole phytoplankton community can be retrieved from just looking at the patchiness of dominant phytoplankton types
Patchiness happears as a functional structure of the pelagic environment with possible bottom up effect on the trophic chain.
Conclusions
Thanks!
Any questions?
I'm all ears!
Btw I’m a fenneck!
Alpha vs area-based biodiversity
Barton et al. 2010 Vallina et al. submitted
Darwin model satellite (De Monte S, Soccodato A, et al 2013)
Alp
ha
Are
a-b
ase
d
Temporal diversity