BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? Professor Marc C Lavoie...

BIODIVERSITY IBIOL 1051

What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

Professor Marc C Lavoie

[email protected]

MICRO-ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES EUKARYOTES

BACTERIA ARCHAEA AMOEBOZOA ARCHAEPLASTIDA CHROMALVEOLATA EXCAVATA

VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA


• 1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells

• 2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic • 3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are unicellular or

pluricellular • 4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms • 5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures • 6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication • 7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms

metabolism • 8. Eukaryotic Microorganisms diversity






1. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are eukaryotic cells






2. Eukaryotic Microorganisms are microscopic






3. Eukaryotic Microorganisms could be unicellular or

pluricellular






4. Size and shape of Eukaryotic Microorganisms






5. Eukaryotic Microorganisms structures

Characteristic Prokaryote

Eukaryote

a. Chromosome Single circular Paired linear

b. Chromosome location Nucleoid (no membrane)

Nucleus (membrane present)

c. Nucleolus Absent Present

d. Extra chromosomal DNA

Plasmid

Mitochondria and Chloroplast

e. Site of Cellular Respiration

Cell membrane Mitochondria

f. Ribosomes 30S & 50S /70 S 40S & 60S /80 S in cytoplasm (70 S in organelles)

g. Locomotion Rotating flagella and gliding

Undulating flagella and cilia , and also amoeboid movement

h. Pili Sex or attachment pili

Absent

5.1 Cytoplasmic membrane

5.2 Cell wall

5.3 Chromosomes

5.4 Ribosomes

40S

60S

80S

5.4 Ribosomes

5.5 Nucleus

5.6 RNA-polymerase

Eukaryotes more complex than Prokaryotes

Bacteria Archaea Eukarya

5.7 Cilia and flagella

5.8 Mitochondria

5.8 Mitochondria

Flat Tubular Discoid

5.8 Chloroplast






6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms multiplication



Budding

6. Eukaryotic Microorganisms life cycles






7. Diversity of Eukaryotic Microorganisms metabolism ENERGY SOURCE ELECTRON DONNOR CARBON

SOURCE

ORGANISMS

PROKARYOTES

AUTO- ALGAE

(CO2) CERTAIN PROTISTS

LITHO- Plants

PHOTO-(Light)

(Inorganic compounds and C1)HETERO-(CH2O)n

None

ORGANO- AUTO- None

(Organic compounds) HETERO- Prokaryotes

AUTO- Prokaryotes

LITHO- HETERO- Prokaryotes

CHEMO-

(Chemical compounds) AUTO- Prokaryotes

ORGANO-

Prokaryotes

MOST PROTISTS

HETERO- FUNGI

Plants (non-chlorophyllic)

Animals






Adl et al 2005

TubulinaeFlabellineaStereomyxidaAcanthamoebidae

AMOEBOZOA Entamoebida

MastigomoebidaPelomyxaEumycetozoaIncertae sedisSpongomonadida

FungiOPISTOKONTA Mesomycetozoa

ChoanomonadaMetazoa

CercozoaHaplosporidia

RHIZARIA Foraminifera

GromiaRadiolaria

GlaucophytaARCHAEPLASTIDA Rhodophyceae

Chloroplastida

CryptophyceaeEUKARYOTA CHROMALVEOLATA Haptophyta

StramenopilesAlveolata

FornicataMalawimonasParabasalia

EXCAVATA Preaxostyla

JakobidaHeteroloboseaEuglenozoa

AncyromonasAposomonadidaeCentrhelida

Incertae sedis Collodictyonidae

EbriaceaSpironemidaeKathablepharidaeStephanopogon

Embley & Martin 2006

MICRO-ORGANISMS



VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

• Amoeboid locomotion generally with non-eruptive morphologically variable pseudopodia (lobopodia)

AMOEBOZOA

MICRO-ORGANISMS



VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

OPISTOKONTA

Single posterior cilium without mastigonemes

FUNGI, CHOANOZOA, AND ANIMALS

OPISTOKONTA

FUNGI

CHOANOZOA

ANIMALS

MICRO-ORGANISMS



VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

RHIZARIA

• With fine pseudopodia (filopodia) varying as simple, branching, anastomosing, or supported by microtubules (axopodia).

MICRO-ORGANISMS



VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

ARCHAEPLASTIDA• Photosynthetic plastid with chlorophyll a from an

ancestral primary endosymbiosis with a cyanobacterium– plastid secondarily lost or reduced in some– usually with cellulose cell wall– flat cristae– storage product: starch

• GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS

ALGAE

• GREEN ALGAE AND PLANTS

ARCHAEPLASTIDA

MICRO-ORGANISMS



VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

CHROMALVEOLATA

Plastid from secondary endosymbiosis with an ancestral archaeplastida

ALVEOLATES

CHROMALVEOLATA

Dinoflagellates Apicomplexa Ciliates

A typical ciliateParamecium

A flagellate: Trypanosoma

CHROMISTA

Diatoms

Brown algae

Oomycetes

MICRO-ORGANISMS



VIRUSES

RHIZARIAOPISTOKONTA

EXCAVATA

• Typically with suspension-feeding groove (cytostome) of the ‘‘excavate’’ type (i.e. homologous to that in Jakoba libera), presumed to be secondarily lost in many taxa

Lecture 3: What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms?

• REFERENCE: MADIGAN, MT, MARTINKO, JM, & PARKER, J. Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 10th ed, 2003, PRENTICE HALL, p.472-498.

• PURVES, WK, SADAVA, D, ORIANS, GH, HELLER, HC. Life, The Science of Biology, 6th ed, 2001, Sinauer Assiciates Inc., p. 476-499.


• WEB Sites:

• http://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI2033/thomson/binaryfission.html

• http://cwx.prenhall.com/bookbind/pubbooks/brock2/chapter17/deluxe.html

• http://www.slic2.wsu.edu:82/hurlbert/micro101/pages/101lab1.html

• http://www.liunet.edu/cwis/bklyn/acadres/facdev/FacultyProjects/WebClass/micro-web/html-files/chapterA-1.html

http://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI2033/thomson/binaryfission.html

http://sciences.aum.edu/bi/BI2033/thomson/binaryfission.html


• WEB Sites:• http://www.biosci.uga.edu/almanac/bio_103/notes/

may_15.html• www.DennisKunkel.com • http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/

Plantcell.gif • http://gened.emc.maricopa.edu/bio/BIO181/BIOBK/

BioBookCELL2.html#The nucleus • http://mbclserver.rutgers.edu/~sofer/genetics/

Transcription/Transcription7.html • www.sinauer.com


• WEB Sites:

• www.whfreeman.com

• http://tolweb.org/tree/phylogeny.html

• http://ag.arizona.edu/tree/life.html

• http://pearl.spatial.maine.edu/pictures/glossary/ALGAE.jpg

•

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BIODIVERSITY I BIOL 1051 What are Eukaryotic Microorganisms? Professor Marc C Lavoie...

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