Of animals and environment.....

Vivek Kumar,St. Vincent Pallotti College of Engineering and Technology,

Nagpur

... Biodiversity ...

• Much before the appearance of human beings in biosphere, million of other species have evolved as a result of evolutionary processes. The variety of climatic and geographical conditions on the earth is the base to evolutionary processes. Different structures, shapes, defence mechanisms, feeding habits and lifecycles.

Such variety if found in all forms of life : animals, plants, fungi and unicellular organisms etc.This variety and range of life forms on earth is termed as ’ BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY’ or ‘BIODIVERSITY’.

...Introduction...• The great variety of life on earth has provided

for man’s needs over thousands of years. This diversity of living creatures forms a support system which has been used by each civilization for its growth and development. Those that used this bounty of nature carefully and sustainably survived, while those that overused or misused it disintegrated.

...Basic needs of animals...

• Food, water, warmth and a place to live. IF YOU FOLLOW THE 5 FREEDOMS YOU CAN NEVER GO GO WRONG:

• 1. Freedom from Hunger and Thirst - by ready access to fresh water and a diet to maintain full health and vigour.

• 2. Freedom from Discomfort - by providing an appropriate environment including shelter and a comfortable resting area.

• 3. Freedom from Pain, Injury or Disease - by prevention or rapid diagnosis and treatment.

• 4. Freedom to Express Normal Behaviour - by providing sufficient space, proper facilities and company of the animal's own kind.

• 5. Freedom from Fear and Distress - by ensuring conditions and treatment which avoid mental suffering.

...Types of animal species...

• Mammals • Birds• Reptiles• Amphibians• Invertebrates

Mammal

Deer's

Wild ass

TIGER

LION

BIRDS

REPTILES

lizard Snake

AMPHIBIANS

frog

INVERTEBRATES

crabs

...Uses of animals...

• uses of animals animals providing food

• animals provide material for clothes• animals as sources of medicines• animals used for transportation• animals useful in agriculture

• animals helps in pollination and dispersal of seeds

• animals can be domesticated• animals are used as beasts of burden.• animal dung is used as fuel as well as fertilizer

...Threats to animals...

• Habitat Destruction & Fragmentation - The destruction or splitting up of once continuous habitat to enable humans to use the land for agriculture, development of towns and cities, construction of dams, or other purposes. Climage Change - Human activities such as the burning of fossil fuels, have altered the Earth's atmosphere and have resulted in global climate changes.

• Introduction of Exotic Species - Accidental and intentional introduction of non-native species into regions never before occupied by the species have resulted in the extinction of numerous endemic species. Pollution - Pollutants (pesticides, herbicides, etc.) released into the environment are ingested by a wide variety of organisms. Over-Exploitation of Resources - Exploitation of wild populations for food has resulted in population crashes (over-fishing, for example).

• Hunting, Poaching, Illegal Trade of Endangered Species - Some endangered species are targeted for their value on illegal markets. Accidental Deaths - Car hits, window collisions (birds), collisions with ships (whales).

...How to save animals...

• Report any instances of animal cruelty or neglect that you may witness. Neglect includes dogs that are constantly chained up or left alone in a yard or cats that are pretty much left to fend for themselves.

• Report stray or injured animals to your local animal shelter. If possible, pick up the animal yourself and call around to see if a rescue or no-kill shelter might have room before turning the pet in to a city shelter.

• There are alternatives to city shelters including boarding facilities that will charge lower rates for rescued pets until homes are found for them and people who foster pets.

• Adopt pets from shelters and rescues before buying from a breeder, and never purchase a dog or cat from a pet store.

• Avoid purchasing products that were tested on animals and don't donate to organizations that do unnecessary animal testing.

...Thank you for watching us....