UNCTAD
17th Africa OILGASMINE, Khartoum, 23-26 November 2015
Extractive Industries and Sustainable Job Creation
Biofuel Potential for Transport Sector in Sudan
By
Abdel Azim Wida’a General Directorate for Energy Affairs (GDEA),
Ministry of Petroleum and Gas, Republic of the Sudan
The views expressed are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of UNCTAD.
Jul 15th; 2014 1 of 51
Republic of Sudan
Ministry of Petroleum
General Directorate for Energy Affairs (GDEA)
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Outline
• Introduction
• Transport Sector
• Natural resources
• Ethanol & Biodiesel
• Opportunity
• Way Forward
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Introduction
Background:
• Sudan has a total area of 1.88 M km2, and in 2014, total
population was estimated at 35.5 million
• Urban population represents about 41% of the total population.
• Annual population growth rate are projected at 2.14% annually.
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Introduction (continued)
Biofuel
- Increasing global interest in liquid biofuel
(Reducing GHGE, rural development & energy security)
- Biofuels target the transport sector (CO2 emissions from transport >22% of world energy-related CO2
emissions and 75% from Road transport)
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Introduction (continued)
Global biofuel production grew rapidly in the last decade Reached 70.8 million toe in 2014
22% average annual growth 2000-10, but only 1.2% 2010-14
Biofuels provide around 3% of total road transport fuel today
Support policies main driver behind biofuel development more than 50 countries (including many developing countries)
have now adopted blending mandates and targets
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
60000
70000
80000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Th
ou
san
d m
etri
c to
ne
of
toe
Year
Biofuel production 2000- 2014
Global Biofuel Supply
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Introduction (continued)
Africa –Biofuels Market
African biofuel production and consumption in million liters
Africa Produces 70 to 135 million liters, and 2.3 to11.7 ML
annually
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Introduction (continued)
Africa –State of Biofuel Development:
Biofuels development in African has recently attracted
considerable interest.
The biofuels used today in Africa are ethanol and biodiesel,
used to fuel car engines
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
Biofuel Potential in selected African countries (ML)
Bioethanol Biodiesel
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Transport Sector
Sudan Energy Balance:
The primary energy is about 12.193 million toe, in 2014.
Petroleum energy supply represented 18% in 1990, and 38.5 %
of the total energy supply in 2014.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1990 2003 2007 2014
Biomass
Petroleum
Hydro
Energy Balance 2014 Energy Mix 1990-2014
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Transport Sector (continued)
Facts:
In 2014, the share of this sector in the total final energy
consumption in the country was 32%.
Transport sector uses petroleum products only.
This sector is the biggest petroleum product consumer; it
consumed about 58% of the Petroleum supply
houshold
40%
Transport
32%
services
16%
industry
11%
agricultur
e
1%
The main end use sectors
Industry
8% Agriculture
1%
Electricity
25%
Transport
58%
Household
8%
Petroleum consumption by Sectors.
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Transport Sector (continued)
Road transport:
The transport sector plays a vital role in various
aspects of life(22% share on GDP within Service Sector)
Road transport uses gasoline &diesel only.
Road transport is the largest consumer in transport
sector ( 84%)
RAILWAY
4%
SEA & RIVER
0% AIR
12%
ROAD
84%
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Transport Sector – Future Prospect
We expect continued growth in the next few years:
Factors include:
1: Increased interest and development in the agricultural sector.
2:The Transportation of human and agricultural products.
3: The continuous growth in the vehicles fleet that is powered by
gasoline.
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
3500000
4000000
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Annual consumption of diesel and gasoline products(tone)
during 2000 -2014
diesel
gasolinel
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The Natural Resources of Sudan that give it
advantages on biofuel production:
Soil and agricultural land.
Water Resources.
Climate.
SUDAN: Why Biofuel Production?
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Natural resources (continued)
Soil and agricultural land:
Sandy soil: North and West of Sudan, (cultivation of millet,
peanuts, and sesame ).
Clay soil: Mid and Eastern Sudan
(cotton , rain-fed mechanized agriculture, and forest cover)
The mountainous area (Jebel Marra)
(cultivates crops such as strawberries and apples)
The Nuba Mountains, which consists of several
intermittent hills (Rain-fed mechanized agriculture).
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Natural resources (continued)
Water Resources:
Rain
Surface
water
Ground
water
Treated
water
25 to200 mm
(North to mid)
600 to 800 mm
(Green Belt area)
Nile River
system
(18.5 bnm3/y)
>than 50%
of the area of
Sudan
(15.2bnm3)
Sewage &
Petroleum
processes
(0.07bnm3)
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Natural resources (continued)
Types of Climates:
Desert climate and semi-desert dry
The savanna climate poor
average rainfall
The savanna rich prolific
climate rainfall
The Mediterranean Sea
Temperatures range
between 45 degrees to 6
degrees
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ETHANOL: Current Development
Current Activities:
Sudan started blending
ethanol with gasoline (E10)
A draft law for biofuel
prepared by national
committee.
Biofuel Studies &
other related activities
are part of the 2015-2016
Petroleum and Gas
Ministry plan.
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ETHANOL: Production
Ethanol production and forecast
Ethanol production in Sudan is based mainly on
Sugar cane by-products.
Sugar industry in Sudan is
considered as a potential
industry(655 thousand tonne)
Kennana sugar factory
represents about 50% of the
whole production ,establish
ethanol factory (65 ML).
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ETHANOL: Future development
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
200
2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020
Ethanol production forecast:
According to the Sugar Sector Strategic Plan 2020,
Ethanol production well increase from existing
factories, Kennana, Sudanese sugar corporation, white
Nile and the new factories, from 50 ML to 200 ML in
2020 strategy.
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BIODIESEL
Biodiesel raw material:
Sudan lies in the tropical zone
where a lot of raw materials can
be grown, (crops include
soybeans, Jatropha).
Confined to the Sudanese
experience in biodiesel production
the Jatropha have been cultivated
on a small-scale farms.
(Jatropha tree grow in South Kordofan regions)
The animal fat or
vegetable oils are the main
sources for the production of
bio-diesel
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Opportunities for Biofuel investments:
1. Sudan has more than 60 million hectares of idle land,
cultivable through modern or traditional irrigation.
Potential investment in innovative solutions can help
advance biofuel production (Use of underground water and
application of efficient water use technologies)
2. Jatropha, produced in deforested areas of the tropical
forests, has great potential for the profitable production
of biodiesel.
3. In turn, the Sudanese State has been promoting
strategic partnerships for investment in the
agribusinesses.
4. . Sudan has highly skilled human resources at low cost,
which gives it a competitive advantage on an
international level.
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Opportunities for Biofuel investments
5. Rapid increase in fuel consumption(1.4 M ton of
diesel &1M ton of gasoline, opportunity for biofuel blending).
6. Sudan has the potential to become a major
conduit for regional trade to landlocked countries
such as Chad and South Sudan.
7. Vehicle sales expect steady growth at an annual
average rate of 9.1%, (which will see sales reach 4,920 units
by 2019)
8.The Sudanese investment Act of 2013
(The project of investment enjoys all privileges and would have
all guarantees)
9. Agriculture Sector in Sudan
(It created 39% of the GDP , employed > 60% of the population ).
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Way Forward
• Strategic commitment to biofuels for transportation
(Clear government policy regulations and incentives),
are a pre-requisite for the development of the biofuels
industry.
• The efforts could lead to sustainable biofuel for
transportation.(Opening dialogues with environmental
experts and NGOs. As well as getting closer to the on-
going certification processes on biofuel industry).
• We need to study our potential in more details (and to
seek or find a biodiesel plant that can grow on marginal
area).
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