Biofuels: A new topologyEnvironmental Planning 625

Rollie Ortiz

urbanization

Population Growth - Energy Demand

A Social subsidyOil touches every aspect of life

Which Way Forward?Solar - Wind - Biofuels- Geothermal - Natural Gas -

Coal

Solar - Wind acreage - use of scarce resources - cost

base load - NIMBY

Clean Coal - Natural Gas

CO2 Mitigation - Pollution - Adaptation

Biofuels1st - 2nd

contentious debate

GHG Life Cycle

Energy Efficiency and Production

Deforestation and Biodiversity: Sustainable utilization

Water Consumption

Food - Fuel Nexus

energy pathways

EPA: designated CO2 as a pollutant to be regulated

Lack of new infrastructure and Investment costs

Consumer patterns

Liquid and Drop-In Fuels

3rd generationAlgae Biofuel

Energy outputAlgae and other 2nd Generation Fuels oil content

High conversion rateNon-Toxic

Any type of waterEasily modified

Drop in fuelCurrent Refineries and Delivery system

Current Topology

Aviation: Qatar, Continental, and VirginCO2 Sequestration: China

Transportation: UKMilitary: Hawaii + San Diego

Market REady?

USgov: (1980) 180 - 240$USgov: (2005)59 -186$

Energy Bioscience Institute: (2009) 70 - 120$DARPA: (2010) 3$

250-acre: $21 million capital cost - 1.5 million - $230 1,000 acres: $140 per barrel.

methodsHigh oil content - quick production cycles - market

rates

co-productionNutritional Supplements - Animal Feed - Waste

Water - CO2

Hawaii?2 Oil Refineries - Military - Hawaii Clean Energy

Initiative

Policies

Blending Mandates - HawaiiSubsidies Tax Incentives - Hawaii TariffsPrice ControlsR&D Support - Hawaii/Military

Hawaii Demand Side

Ethanol Production Incentive 235-110.3 Hawaii Revised Statutes (capped)

Alternative Fuel Tax Rate 243-4 Hawaii Revised Statutes (given as a tax credit)

Lower General Excise Tax Hawaii Revised Statutes 486J-10 (directly at the pump)

Hawaii Supply Side

The state of Hawaii has only two supply side policy; a requirement to build more charging stations and Blending Mandates

The end