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Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association
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Page 1: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

Biogas in Denmark- status and framework conditions

BIOGASS11BIOGASS11March 09 2011

Lars RoholdDanish Biogas Association

Page 2: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

In relation to the objective of 20 to 30% renewable energy in the EU there is a long way before biogas becomes more common to use as energy source.

Source: European Environmental Agency

Biogas as renewable energy in EU

22

We are here !!!

Page 3: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Renewable energy in Denmark

Wind

Heat pumps

Waste

Wood

Straw

Biogas

Page 4: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Biogas in the Danish Energy System

Biogas is a “Small player”

Renewable energy is depending on political will

Competition with other RE, Combustion and wind energy.

Page 5: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Renewable energy in Denmark

Wind

Heat pumps

Waste

Wood

Straw

Biogas

’11

Page 6: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Nordic BIoEnergy Reference plant

Endeavour of the Danish Energy Authorities:

About 20 central biogas plants were built in the late 80s and early 90s.

They represent a total unique international reference

Central biogas plants in Denmark

Page 7: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Danish biogas plantsNumber of plants

21 centralized biogas plants

60 farm scale biogas plants

Joint and farmscale biogas plants 2003

Manure 1.742.156 t

Organic residues 450.708 t

Total 2.192.864 t

Page 8: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Co-operative owned by 60 farmers

Methan for heat and electricity

Liquid biomass and Raw Slurry

Solid Biomass

Tank

Digested biomass

Storage tank

15 – 20 years experience in operation of biogas plants

Linkogas A.m.b.a

Page 9: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Linkogas A.m.b.a

99

Cattle slurry 275 tonnes/day 100,000 tonnes/year Pig slurry 165 tonnes/day 60,000 tonnes/year Other biomass 110 tonnes/day 40,000 tonnes/year Totally 550 tonnes/day 200,000 tonnes/year Biogas production 6.4 mill. Nm3/year Digester capacity (3 x 2400 m3) 7200 m3

Process temperature (thermophilic) 52 °C Post-digestion capacity 2400 m3

Post-digestion temperature 49 °C Gas storage capacity 5000 m3 Utilisation of biogas Gas engines 2 x 1 MW, CHP-generation + gas boiler Biomass transport vehicle 1 x 20 m3 and 2 x 30 m3 vacuum tankers Average transport distance 5-10 km Contractor Krüger Ltd. / BIOSCAN A/S Engineering BIOSCAN A/S Operation start-up/Rebuilt 1990/1999

Page 10: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Co-digestion

Renewableenergy

Digestedbiomass

Manure Organicwaste

BiogasPlant

Page 11: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Biomass Gaspot. TS%

Pig/Cattle Manure 20 – 30 m3/ton 5 – 10%

Slaughter house Waste 50 m3/ton 15%

Conc. Manure 70 m3/ton 25%

Energy Crops (In general) 150 m3/ton 33%

Maize Silage/Corn Silage 200 m3/ton 33%

Wheat Straw 400 m3/ton 90%

Pure Fat 1000 m3/ton 95 -100%

Biofuel residuals

Ethanol Effluent (wheat) 75 - 85 m3/ton 12%

Glycerin (from Biodiesel) 600 m3/ton ---

Biogas Potential for selected types of biomass

Page 12: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Danish energy sectorFrom centralized power plants to decentralized production

Centralized production in the mid 80’s Decentralized production of today

• Decentralized CHP

• Wind mill park

• Centralized CHP

Legend:

Page 13: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Political Model

Biogas to Decentralized CHP for heat and power production

Subsidized by the electricity producer

Utilization of heat in the district heating

(Only one “costumer” and only one “integration” )

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Page 14: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Advantages of biogas plants

Greenhouse gas reduction

Efficient

heat and power: 220 %

transportation: 167 %

Cheap

0 to 5 CAD

Page 15: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction

Utilisation of organic waste

Win-win situation increased gas production

tipping fee

reduced costs for industry

new types of biomass: energy crops

animal by-products

glycerine from biodiesel

Type of waste Tonnes

Gut and stomach content 110000Fat / flotation sludge 71000Feeding factories 10000Fish industry 50000Fruit and vegetables 3600Breweries 800Bakeries 1900Dairies 29000Pectin industry 7000Bleech earth 17000Tanneries 2300Pharmaceutical industry 20500Concentrated fat waste 2600Waste from water supply 1600Other industrial waste 10000Sewage sludge 20000Household and catering waste 17000Total 374300

Joint biogas plants 2002

Page 16: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction

Utilisation of organic waste

Redistribution of manure

from

livestock farmers to plant producers

farm to field

tractors to lorries

20-30 km distance

10 km

Page 17: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction

Utilisation of organic waste

Redistribution of manure

Organic fertiliser

declarated nutrient content

free of pathogens and weed seeds

Total N: 5,0

NH4-N: 4,0

P: 0,9

K: 2,8

Kg/ton

Page 18: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction

Utilisation of organic waste

Redistribution of manure

Organic fertiliser

Smell from slurry reduced

thinner liquid

disperses quicker into soil

Wind direction

Raw manure

Digested manure

5 minutes

12 hours

Page 19: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction

Utilisation of organic waste

Redistribution of manure

Organic fertiliser

Smell from slurry reduced

Improved nitrogen utilisation

Reduced risk of leaching

Separation of digested biomass

low technology

net energy surplus

Utilisation of Nitrogen in winter wheat

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

Cattleslurry

Pig slurry Digestedslurry

Liquidfraction

Page 20: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Biomass potential in Denmark Overall inventory shows that there is enough biomass to hundreds of biogas

plants

2020

Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004

Manure 26,0 0,61 0,70 0,85 0,91

Municipal WW sludge 4,0 0,86 0,87 0,87 0,83

Industrial waste, DK 2,5 0,59 0,67 0,80 0,86

Industrial waste, imported 0,0 0,40 0,45 0,55 0,65

Meat and bone animal waste 2,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

Household waste 2,5 0,03 0,05 0,07 0,03

Garden- and park waste 1,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00

Landfield gas 1,0 0,56 0,62 0,44 0,46

Total 39,0 3,05 3,36 3,58 3,74

(All values in TJ)

Page 21: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Political Energy Settlement (2004)

2121

Energiforlig giver fremtidstro for biogas

Fredag 2. april 2004

Med regeringens energiforlig i denne uge med alle Folketingets partier på nær Enhedslisten gennemføres omsider sidste års aftale om at sikre den danske biogas en afregningspris på 60 øre pr. kWh i 10 år frem.

Page 22: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Biogas production in Denmark

0500

10001500200025003000350040004500

1980 1990 1995 2000 2005

TJ

Total Manure based

Page 23: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Biogas development

Biogas production 1990 - 2006

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

19901992

19941996

19982000

20022004

2006

TJ

Centralised

Farmscale

Total

Government January 19 2007:

Biogasproduction to be trippled before 2025

Page 24: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Political Energy Settlement (2008)

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Fakta: Energiaftalens hovedpunkterHer er de 14 hovedpunkter fra torsdagens energi-forlig, som alle partier undtagen Enhedslisten står bag.Af Thomas Djursing, fredag 22. feb 2008 kl. 10:32

- Biogasanlæg – både gamle og nye - får en fast elafregningspris på 74,5 øre per kilowatt-time.

(Kilde: Ingeniøren)

Page 25: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Payment for electricity from biogas

Payment electricity

0,00

0,02

0,04

0,06

0,08

0,10

0,12

1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19

Year after construction

Eu

ro/k

Wh Existing

New

Necessary

Payment from 2008

- All plants

Page 26: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Political influence

Show examples:

With palyers in the business

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Page 27: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!

Præsentation for

Energipolitisk Udvalg

Torsdag den 15. januar 2009

Levering af biogas til naturgasnettet

Page 28: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!

Opfordring

Afsætning af biogas til naturgasnettet børkunne finde sted under samme vilkår somafsætning til kraftvarmeproduktion.

Derved– skabes der bedre muligheder for biogas– skabes der mulighed for optimal udnyttelse– sikres den fremtidige udvikling

Page 29: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!

Hvorfor naturgasnettet?

Afsætning via naturgasnettet giver

• optimal anvendelse af gassen – intet spild

• fleksibel placering – bedst mulig logistik

• udvidelsesmuligheder – sikret afsætning

• flere anvendelsesmuligheder for gassen

Page 30: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!

Hvorfor naturgasnettet?

Afsætning via naturgasnettet giver

• mulighed for udvidelse af bestående anlæg

• intet ”monopol” for kraftvarmeværket

• biogas i tyndere befolkede områder

• total fremtidssikring

Page 31: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Government Green Growth Plan 2009

Promotion in biogas through From currently 5 % to 50 % of manure into biogas in 2020 Co-ordination plan for construction of biogas plants Plan for integration of biogas into the energy sector Obligation for municipalities to point out where to build plants Distribution in natural gas grid on equal terms as direct co-

generation Equal opportunities for biogas to earn money as natural gas suppliers Financing

20 % construction subsidy (in total 300 mill. DKK from 2010 to 2012) loans guaranteed by municipalities capital from investors

Page 32: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Next Energy Settlement (2011)

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Page 33: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Next Energy Settlement (2011)

Page 34: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Denmark%

Manurebased

Sewage sludge

Industrial sludge

Landfill gas

1.1 TWh – 4,000 TJ power/heat

82 manure based plants

64 sewage sludge plants

5 industrial wastewater plants

25 landfill gas plants

Page 35: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

44

18

1

10

27

Wastewater

Co-digestion

Farm

Industry

Landfill

Sweden – origin of biogas

1.4 TWh – 4,900 TJ

8 farm and 17 (14) co-digestion plants

140 (138) waste water treatmant plants

4 (3) industrial wastewater plants

58 (60) landfill gas plants

Gas production (pct)

Page 36: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Filling stations in Sweden

Source: Swedish Gas

Distribution

•Local grids

•Natural gas grid

•By truck

Page 37: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Transportation - Sweden

Volume sold of "biogas/natural gas"

05

101520253035404550

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

Mil

l. N

m3

Natural gas

Biogas

Page 38: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Transportation - Sweden

Share of natural gas and biogas

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%

100%

1995

1997

1999

2001

2003

2005

2007

2009

Biogas

Natural gas

Page 39: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Sweden – gas utilisation (pct)

53

26

4

142

Heat

Transportation

Power

Flaring

No data

Heat most important

Transportation fastet growing

Page 40: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Norway - waste in 29 biogas plants

Source sep. household/food waste

Food waste retailers

Food waste hotels & restaurants

Slaughterhouse waste (cat. 2)

Slaughterhouse waste (cat. 3)

Fish waste (cat. 3)

Fats - sewage in foodindustry

Page 41: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Ecopro, Verdal Norway

Total area 9000 m2Start up Sludge March 2008, Food waste April 2008

Page 42: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

WASTE FEEDSTOCKS

Food waste (source separated household waste)Approx. 15 000 t/a

Sludge (from waste water treatment plants)Approx. 15 000 t/a

ABP (has not started to receive ABP yet)Approx. 5000 t/a (slaughterhouse waste and

dead salmons from fish farms)

Page 43: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Typical mass balance

Product I/O Comments

Biowaste 1000 kg Food waste 70-82%

Sorting reject+grit 130-170 kg This number can be improved with better participation

Bio-fertilizer ~300 kg

Biogas at 60% CH4 125-135 m3 150 m3 on pure biowaste

kWh Electricity 200-250 kWh

300 kWh on pure biowaste

Page 44: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

DIGESTATE – BIO-FERTILIZER

The produced digestate (approx. 13 300 t/a) do not need to go through any maturing process

At Ecopro they intend to distribute the organic bio-fertilizer to the agricultural sector and to the private sector.

Attractive bio-fertilizer due to:- 100% pathogen-free & nutritious - Minimal odour (smells like soil)- 30% DS content

- < 0,5% plastic in weight

Cambi bio-fertilizer as produced

Scotland: Spreading the Cambi bio-fertilizer intograsslands

Page 45: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Suggestions for Norway

Look at the neighbors (Denmark and Sweden) …do not repeat bad experience!

Find the political argumentation for Biogas in the RE strategy (…you need political support)

Calculate the economical “break even” for investment (…you need investors)

Find the biomass and waste available for biogas production (…you need biomass and preferably a “waste problem”, ex fish industry)

Recycling og Nutrients as a part of future strategy.

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Page 46: Biogas in Denmark - status and framework conditions BIOGASS11 March 09 2011 Lars Rohold Danish Biogas Association.

March 09 2011

Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association

Thank you for your attention

www.biogasbranchen.dk

[email protected]


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