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Biogas in Denmark- status and framework conditions
BIOGASS11BIOGASS11March 09 2011
Lars RoholdDanish Biogas Association
March 09 2011
In relation to the objective of 20 to 30% renewable energy in the EU there is a long way before biogas becomes more common to use as energy source.
Source: European Environmental Agency
Biogas as renewable energy in EU
22
We are here !!!
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Renewable energy in Denmark
Wind
Heat pumps
Waste
Wood
Straw
Biogas
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Biogas in the Danish Energy System
Biogas is a “Small player”
Renewable energy is depending on political will
Competition with other RE, Combustion and wind energy.
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Renewable energy in Denmark
Wind
Heat pumps
Waste
Wood
Straw
Biogas
’11
March 09 2011
Nordic BIoEnergy Reference plant
Endeavour of the Danish Energy Authorities:
About 20 central biogas plants were built in the late 80s and early 90s.
They represent a total unique international reference
Central biogas plants in Denmark
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Danish biogas plantsNumber of plants
21 centralized biogas plants
60 farm scale biogas plants
Joint and farmscale biogas plants 2003
Manure 1.742.156 t
Organic residues 450.708 t
Total 2.192.864 t
March 09 2011
Co-operative owned by 60 farmers
Methan for heat and electricity
Liquid biomass and Raw Slurry
Solid Biomass
Tank
Digested biomass
Storage tank
15 – 20 years experience in operation of biogas plants
Linkogas A.m.b.a
March 09 2011
Linkogas A.m.b.a
99
Cattle slurry 275 tonnes/day 100,000 tonnes/year Pig slurry 165 tonnes/day 60,000 tonnes/year Other biomass 110 tonnes/day 40,000 tonnes/year Totally 550 tonnes/day 200,000 tonnes/year Biogas production 6.4 mill. Nm3/year Digester capacity (3 x 2400 m3) 7200 m3
Process temperature (thermophilic) 52 °C Post-digestion capacity 2400 m3
Post-digestion temperature 49 °C Gas storage capacity 5000 m3 Utilisation of biogas Gas engines 2 x 1 MW, CHP-generation + gas boiler Biomass transport vehicle 1 x 20 m3 and 2 x 30 m3 vacuum tankers Average transport distance 5-10 km Contractor Krüger Ltd. / BIOSCAN A/S Engineering BIOSCAN A/S Operation start-up/Rebuilt 1990/1999
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Co-digestion
Renewableenergy
Digestedbiomass
Manure Organicwaste
BiogasPlant
March 09 2011
Biomass Gaspot. TS%
Pig/Cattle Manure 20 – 30 m3/ton 5 – 10%
Slaughter house Waste 50 m3/ton 15%
Conc. Manure 70 m3/ton 25%
Energy Crops (In general) 150 m3/ton 33%
Maize Silage/Corn Silage 200 m3/ton 33%
Wheat Straw 400 m3/ton 90%
Pure Fat 1000 m3/ton 95 -100%
Biofuel residuals
Ethanol Effluent (wheat) 75 - 85 m3/ton 12%
Glycerin (from Biodiesel) 600 m3/ton ---
Biogas Potential for selected types of biomass
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Danish energy sectorFrom centralized power plants to decentralized production
Centralized production in the mid 80’s Decentralized production of today
• Decentralized CHP
• Wind mill park
• Centralized CHP
Legend:
March 09 2011
Danish Political Model
Biogas to Decentralized CHP for heat and power production
Subsidized by the electricity producer
Utilization of heat in the district heating
(Only one “costumer” and only one “integration” )
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Advantages of biogas plants
Greenhouse gas reduction
Efficient
heat and power: 220 %
transportation: 167 %
Cheap
0 to 5 CAD
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction
Utilisation of organic waste
Win-win situation increased gas production
tipping fee
reduced costs for industry
new types of biomass: energy crops
animal by-products
glycerine from biodiesel
Type of waste Tonnes
Gut and stomach content 110000Fat / flotation sludge 71000Feeding factories 10000Fish industry 50000Fruit and vegetables 3600Breweries 800Bakeries 1900Dairies 29000Pectin industry 7000Bleech earth 17000Tanneries 2300Pharmaceutical industry 20500Concentrated fat waste 2600Waste from water supply 1600Other industrial waste 10000Sewage sludge 20000Household and catering waste 17000Total 374300
Joint biogas plants 2002
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction
Utilisation of organic waste
Redistribution of manure
from
livestock farmers to plant producers
farm to field
tractors to lorries
20-30 km distance
10 km
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction
Utilisation of organic waste
Redistribution of manure
Organic fertiliser
declarated nutrient content
free of pathogens and weed seeds
Total N: 5,0
NH4-N: 4,0
P: 0,9
K: 2,8
Kg/ton
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction
Utilisation of organic waste
Redistribution of manure
Organic fertiliser
Smell from slurry reduced
thinner liquid
disperses quicker into soil
Wind direction
Raw manure
Digested manure
5 minutes
12 hours
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Advantages of biogas plants Greenhouse gas reduction
Utilisation of organic waste
Redistribution of manure
Organic fertiliser
Smell from slurry reduced
Improved nitrogen utilisation
Reduced risk of leaching
Separation of digested biomass
low technology
net energy surplus
Utilisation of Nitrogen in winter wheat
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Cattleslurry
Pig slurry Digestedslurry
Liquidfraction
March 09 2011
Biomass potential in Denmark Overall inventory shows that there is enough biomass to hundreds of biogas
plants
2020
Year 2001 Year 2002 Year 2003 Year 2004
Manure 26,0 0,61 0,70 0,85 0,91
Municipal WW sludge 4,0 0,86 0,87 0,87 0,83
Industrial waste, DK 2,5 0,59 0,67 0,80 0,86
Industrial waste, imported 0,0 0,40 0,45 0,55 0,65
Meat and bone animal waste 2,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Household waste 2,5 0,03 0,05 0,07 0,03
Garden- and park waste 1,0 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00
Landfield gas 1,0 0,56 0,62 0,44 0,46
Total 39,0 3,05 3,36 3,58 3,74
(All values in TJ)
March 09 2011
Political Energy Settlement (2004)
2121
Energiforlig giver fremtidstro for biogas
Fredag 2. april 2004
Med regeringens energiforlig i denne uge med alle Folketingets partier på nær Enhedslisten gennemføres omsider sidste års aftale om at sikre den danske biogas en afregningspris på 60 øre pr. kWh i 10 år frem.
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Biogas production in Denmark
0500
10001500200025003000350040004500
1980 1990 1995 2000 2005
TJ
Total Manure based
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Biogas development
Biogas production 1990 - 2006
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
19901992
19941996
19982000
20022004
2006
TJ
Centralised
Farmscale
Total
Government January 19 2007:
Biogasproduction to be trippled before 2025
March 09 2011
Political Energy Settlement (2008)
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Fakta: Energiaftalens hovedpunkterHer er de 14 hovedpunkter fra torsdagens energi-forlig, som alle partier undtagen Enhedslisten står bag.Af Thomas Djursing, fredag 22. feb 2008 kl. 10:32
- Biogasanlæg – både gamle og nye - får en fast elafregningspris på 74,5 øre per kilowatt-time.
(Kilde: Ingeniøren)
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Payment for electricity from biogas
Payment electricity
0,00
0,02
0,04
0,06
0,08
0,10
0,12
1 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19
Year after construction
Eu
ro/k
Wh Existing
New
Necessary
Payment from 2008
- All plants
March 09 2011
Political influence
Show examples:
With palyers in the business
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!
Præsentation for
Energipolitisk Udvalg
Torsdag den 15. januar 2009
Levering af biogas til naturgasnettet
Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!
Opfordring
Afsætning af biogas til naturgasnettet børkunne finde sted under samme vilkår somafsætning til kraftvarmeproduktion.
Derved– skabes der bedre muligheder for biogas– skabes der mulighed for optimal udnyttelse– sikres den fremtidige udvikling
Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!
Hvorfor naturgasnettet?
Afsætning via naturgasnettet giver
• optimal anvendelse af gassen – intet spild
• fleksibel placering – bedst mulig logistik
• udvidelsesmuligheder – sikret afsætning
• flere anvendelsesmuligheder for gassen
Sønderjysk Biogas - Vi gi’r byen gas!
Hvorfor naturgasnettet?
Afsætning via naturgasnettet giver
• mulighed for udvidelse af bestående anlæg
• intet ”monopol” for kraftvarmeværket
• biogas i tyndere befolkede områder
• total fremtidssikring
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Government Green Growth Plan 2009
Promotion in biogas through From currently 5 % to 50 % of manure into biogas in 2020 Co-ordination plan for construction of biogas plants Plan for integration of biogas into the energy sector Obligation for municipalities to point out where to build plants Distribution in natural gas grid on equal terms as direct co-
generation Equal opportunities for biogas to earn money as natural gas suppliers Financing
20 % construction subsidy (in total 300 mill. DKK from 2010 to 2012) loans guaranteed by municipalities capital from investors
March 09 2011
Next Energy Settlement (2011)
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Next Energy Settlement (2011)
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Denmark%
Manurebased
Sewage sludge
Industrial sludge
Landfill gas
1.1 TWh – 4,000 TJ power/heat
82 manure based plants
64 sewage sludge plants
5 industrial wastewater plants
25 landfill gas plants
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
44
18
1
10
27
Wastewater
Co-digestion
Farm
Industry
Landfill
Sweden – origin of biogas
1.4 TWh – 4,900 TJ
8 farm and 17 (14) co-digestion plants
140 (138) waste water treatmant plants
4 (3) industrial wastewater plants
58 (60) landfill gas plants
Gas production (pct)
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Filling stations in Sweden
Source: Swedish Gas
Distribution
•Local grids
•Natural gas grid
•By truck
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Transportation - Sweden
Volume sold of "biogas/natural gas"
05
101520253035404550
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Mil
l. N
m3
Natural gas
Biogas
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Transportation - Sweden
Share of natural gas and biogas
0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%
100%
1995
1997
1999
2001
2003
2005
2007
2009
Biogas
Natural gas
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Sweden – gas utilisation (pct)
53
26
4
142
Heat
Transportation
Power
Flaring
No data
Heat most important
Transportation fastet growing
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Norway - waste in 29 biogas plants
Source sep. household/food waste
Food waste retailers
Food waste hotels & restaurants
Slaughterhouse waste (cat. 2)
Slaughterhouse waste (cat. 3)
Fish waste (cat. 3)
Fats - sewage in foodindustry
March 09 2011
Ecopro, Verdal Norway
Total area 9000 m2Start up Sludge March 2008, Food waste April 2008
March 09 2011
WASTE FEEDSTOCKS
Food waste (source separated household waste)Approx. 15 000 t/a
Sludge (from waste water treatment plants)Approx. 15 000 t/a
ABP (has not started to receive ABP yet)Approx. 5000 t/a (slaughterhouse waste and
dead salmons from fish farms)
March 09 2011
Typical mass balance
Product I/O Comments
Biowaste 1000 kg Food waste 70-82%
Sorting reject+grit 130-170 kg This number can be improved with better participation
Bio-fertilizer ~300 kg
Biogas at 60% CH4 125-135 m3 150 m3 on pure biowaste
kWh Electricity 200-250 kWh
300 kWh on pure biowaste
March 09 2011
DIGESTATE – BIO-FERTILIZER
The produced digestate (approx. 13 300 t/a) do not need to go through any maturing process
At Ecopro they intend to distribute the organic bio-fertilizer to the agricultural sector and to the private sector.
Attractive bio-fertilizer due to:- 100% pathogen-free & nutritious - Minimal odour (smells like soil)- 30% DS content
- < 0,5% plastic in weight
Cambi bio-fertilizer as produced
Scotland: Spreading the Cambi bio-fertilizer intograsslands
March 09 2011
Suggestions for Norway
Look at the neighbors (Denmark and Sweden) …do not repeat bad experience!
Find the political argumentation for Biogas in the RE strategy (…you need political support)
Calculate the economical “break even” for investment (…you need investors)
Find the biomass and waste available for biogas production (…you need biomass and preferably a “waste problem”, ex fish industry)
Recycling og Nutrients as a part of future strategy.
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
March 09 2011
Danish Biogas AssociationDanish Biogas Association
Thank you for your attention
www.biogasbranchen.dk