BIOGEOCHEMICAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL SUMMARYMODEL SUMMARY
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
ITEMS FOR DISCUSSIONITEMS FOR DISCUSSIONITEMS FOR DISCUSSIONITEMS FOR DISCUSSION
•• HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS•• HYPOTHESISHYPOTHESIS
•• PROXY VARIABLESPROXY VARIABLES•• PROXY VARIABLESPROXY VARIABLES
•• REGRESSION MODELREGRESSION MODEL
•• RESULTSRESULTS
•• REGRESSION MODELREGRESSION MODEL
•• RESULTSRESULTS•• RESULTSRESULTS
•• PREDICTED METAL CONTENT PREDICTED METAL CONTENT
•• RESULTSRESULTS
•• PREDICTED METAL CONTENT PREDICTED METAL CONTENT DISTRIBUTIONSDISTRIBUTIONSDISTRIBUTIONSDISTRIBUTIONS
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL:GENERAL HYPOTHESIS
BIOGEOCHEMICAL MODEL:GENERAL HYPOTHESISGENERAL HYPOTHESISGENERAL HYPOTHESIS
1. Sources of metals: Land, aeolian, and possibly East Pacific Rise2. Sediment particles consumed by biota; converted to larger fecal pellets that sink3. Fecal pellets metabolized by benthic fauna, releasing reduced metals3. Fecal pellets metabolized by benthic fauna, releasing reduced metals4. Reduced metals incorporated into nodules
Aeolian Sediments from Asia
Terrigenous Sediments
12
Mn from EPR?
EastPacificRi
134
Mn from EPR?
Rise34
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PROPOSED SECOND ORDERRELATIONSHIP WITH
PROPOSED SECOND ORDERRELATIONSHIP WITH RELATIONSHIP WITH
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITYRELATIONSHIP WITH
PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY Maximum Mn, Ni, & CuMaximum Mn, Ni, & Cu
Accumulation RatePercentage
ng Cu%
LimitedbySupply
Limitedby
Dilution
crea
sin
Ni,
& C Supply
ofmetals
Dilutionfrom
Sediments
InM
n,
Increasing Biological Productivity
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PROXY VARIABLESPROXY VARIABLESPROXY VARIABLESPROXY VARIABLES
SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER •• SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER CHLOROPHYLL (PRIMARY CHLOROPHYLL (PRIMARY
•• SURFACE WATER SURFACE WATER CHLOROPHYLL (PRIMARY CHLOROPHYLL (PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY)PRODUCTIVITY)
•• DISTANCE FROM LAND & EPRDISTANCE FROM LAND & EPR
PRODUCTIVITY)PRODUCTIVITY)
•• DISTANCE FROM LAND & EPRDISTANCE FROM LAND & EPR•• DISTANCE FROM LAND & EPRDISTANCE FROM LAND & EPR
•• WATER DEPTH WATER DEPTH –– CCD (DEL)CCD (DEL)
•• DISTANCE FROM LAND & EPRDISTANCE FROM LAND & EPR
•• WATER DEPTH WATER DEPTH –– CCD (DEL)CCD (DEL)•• WATER DEPTH WATER DEPTH CCD (DEL)CCD (DEL)•• WATER DEPTH WATER DEPTH CCD (DEL)CCD (DEL)
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PROXY 1: PROXY 1: CHLOROPHYLL (CHLOROPHYLL (chlorchlor))
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PROXY 2: DISTANCE FROM PROXY 2: DISTANCE FROM LAND & EPR (LAND & EPR (FF ))LAND & EPR (LAND & EPR (FFeprepr))
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PROXY 3: WATER PROXY 3: WATER DEPTH DEPTH –– CCD (DEL)CCD (DEL)
i n Fracture Zone
10°
15° Clarion Fractu
5° N
10
110°
W
130°
120°
140°
150°
lipperton Fracture Zone
Clipperto
CCD Data Poin t
Del (Water Depth - CCD, meters)-400 - -200
-200 - 0
0 - 200
200 - 400
400 - 600
600 - 800
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
REGRESSION REGRESSION MODELMODEL
METAL % f(chlorMETAL % f(chlor2 2 FF del) del) METAL % f(chlorMETAL % f(chlor2 2 FF del) del) METAL % = f(chlorMETAL % = f(chlor2 2 , , FFeprepr, , del) del) METAL % = f(chlorMETAL % = f(chlor2 2 , , FFeprepr, , del) del)
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
RESULTS: RESULTS: MnMnRESULTS: RESULTS: MnMn40
R = 0 492
Chlor del Fepr r R2
X 0.70 0.49 X 0.14 0.02
30
Wt.
%)
R = 0.49
X 0.34 0.13X X 0.75 0.56X X 0.70 0.49 X X 0.41 0.17
X X X 0 75 0 5620
Mn
(Dry
WX X X 0.75 0.56
r = Pearson Correlation Coefficient R2 = Coefficient of Determination = r2
0 00 0 05 0 10 0 1510
Regression Equation:Mn = -3,000Chlor + 630Chlor - 32
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.15
Surface Chlorophyll (mg/m)3
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
RESULTS: NiRESULTS: NiRESULTS: NiRESULTS: Ni
Chlor del Fepr r R2
X 0.66 0.44 X 0 05 0 003 X 0.05 0.003
X 0.07 0.005X X 0.69 0.48 X X 0.69 0.48 X X 0.07 0.005
X X X 0.69 0.48 r = Pearson Correlation Coefficient R2 = Coefficient of Determination = r2
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
RESULTS: CuRESULTS: CuRESULTS: CuRESULTS: Cu2.0
R = 0.392
Chlor del Fepr r R2
X 0.62 0.39 X 0.46 0.21
X 0 18 0 034
1.5
ry W
t. %
)
X 0.18 0.034X X 0.70 0.49 X X 0.65 0.42 X X 0.32 0.10
X X X 0.71 0.51 0 5
1.0
Cu
(Dr = Pearson Correlation Coefficient R2 = Coefficient of Determination = r2
0.00 0.05 0.10 0.150.0
0.5
Regression Equation:Cu = -140Chlor + 30Chlor - 0.52
Surface Chlorophyll (mg/m)3
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
COMPARISON OF COMPARISON OF REGRESSIONSREGRESSIONS
Proxy Variables in Regression
R2
Mn Ni CuMn Ni Cu
Chlor 0.49 0.44 0.39
Chlor del 0 56 0 48 0 49Chlor, del 0.56 0.48 0.49
Chlor, Fepr 0.49 0.48 0.42
Chlor del F 0 56 0 48 0 51Chlor, del, Fepr 0.56 0.48 0.51
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
SUMMARY OF SUMMARY OF RESULTSRESULTS
•• CHLOROPHYLL DOMINATES CHLOROPHYLL DOMINATES REGRESSIONREGRESSION
•• CHLOROPHYLL DOMINATES CHLOROPHYLL DOMINATES REGRESSIONREGRESSION
•• POTENTIALLY POTENTIALLY •• POTENTIALLY POTENTIALLY SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE FROM delFROM delSIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE SIGNIFICANT INFLUENCE FROM delFROM del
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PREDICTED MN DISTRIBUTIONPREDICTED MN DISTRIBUTION
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PREDICTED NI DISTRIBUTIONPREDICTED NI DISTRIBUTION
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
PREDICTED CU DISTRIBUTIONPREDICTED CU DISTRIBUTION
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
FINAL WORKSHOP Dec. 15, 2009
SUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARYSUMMARY
•• HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED BY HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED BY •• HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED BY HYPOTHESIS SUPPORTED BY DATADATA
•• CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT
DATADATA
•• CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT •• CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT
•• del POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT del POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT
•• CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT CHLOROPHYLL DOMINANT
•• del POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT del POSSIBLY SIGNIFICANT
International Seabed AuthorityGeological Model Project
Final WorkshopKingston, Jamaica, December 2009