7/23/2019 biolab 3

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SCHOOL OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING

LABORATORY REPORT

PROGRAMME : BIOSYSTEM ENGINEERING

COURSECODE/TITLE

: ERT255/3 ENGINEERING PROPERTIES OFBIOLOGICAL MATERIALS

EXPERIMENT : 2

TITLE : Viscosit M!"s#$!%!&t o' Li(#i) Bio*o+ic"* M"t!$i"*s

DATE OF

EXPERIMENT

: ,,/-5/2-,5

GROUP NO. : A

EXPERIMENTER0S NAME

: Foo 1! X#"&,3,,-5,4 

GROUP MEMBERS :  ,.C6!& 7oo&+ Li

  2.N#$ A89i& Bi&ti S!*"%"t

  3.D!*si&i A/P V!!$""&

  .N";i6"6 Bi&ti A<). ="<<"$ 

INSTRUCTORS0

 NAME

: ,. Miss 76"*i*"6 Bi&ti Mo6"%") Y#s#'' 

  2. M$. 1i$#& A8"%"& Bi& Is%"i*

DATE OF

SUBMISSION

: /-5/2-,5

1

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

, TABLE OF CONTENTS2 OB=ECTIVES

3 INTRODUCTION

CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES

5 MATERIALS AND E>UIPMENTS

4 PROCEDURES

? RESULTS AND CALCULATION

@ DISCUSSION

CONCLUSION

,- REFERENCES

,, DATA S1EET

2

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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O bjectives, .To '"%i*i"$i8! 9it6 t6! o!$"tio& "&) #s! o' $ot"tio&"* isco%!t!$.

2. To c"t!+o$i8! t6! t! o' isco#s '*#i) N!9to&i"& o$ &o&N!9to&i"&s6!"$

t6ic!&i&+ o$ s6!"$t6i&&i&+

Materials an E!"i#$entA"$"t#s/E(#i%!&t

,.Rot"tio&"* isco%!t!$ 

2.B!"!$ 

3.G$")#"t!) c*i&)!$ 

.R#*!$ 

Rot"tio&"* isco%!t!$ B!"!$ G$")#"t!) c*i&)!$ 

 

R#*!$ Di+it"* c"*i!$

3

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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M"t!$i"*s

,.Cooi&+ oi* P"*% oi*

2.Ost!$ s"#c!

 

Cooi&+ oi* P"*% oi* Ost!$ s"#c!

I ntr%"cti%n

R6!o*o+ is co&c!$&!) 9it6 t6! '*o9 "&) )!'o$%"tio& o' %"t!$i"*s !!$i!&ci&+ "&"*i!) 'o$c!. T9o !t$!%!s o' $6!o*o+ic"* <!6"io#$ "$!:

ELASTIC <!6"io#$ !.+. !$'!ct* $i+i) so*i)s 96!$! "& )!'o$%"tio& $!!$s!sso&t"&!o#s* 96!& "& "*i!) 'o$c! is $!%o!). E&!$+ is sto$!) < t6! sst!% t6!&

$!*!"s!).

VISCOUS o$ PLASTIC <!6"io#$ !.+. i)!"* N!9to&i"& *i(#i)s 96!$! "&

)!'o$%"tio& c!"s!s 96!& t6! "*i!) 'o$c! is $!%o!). E&!$+ !$'o$%s 9o$ o& t6!%"t!$i"*.

I& <!t9!!& !*"stic "&) isco#s <!6"io#$ *i!s t6! $!"* 9o$*) o' %ost s#<st"&c!s96ic6 "$! isco!*"stic %"t!$i"*s. T6! $6!o*o+ )!sc$i<!) o& t6!s! &!t"+!s is 'o$

s*#$$i!s "&) !%6"sis!s t6! #&)!$*i&+ c6!%ic"* !''!cts. ! co&ti&#! 9it6 so%!)!'i&itio&s  N!9to&i"& o$ isco#s <!6"io#$.

Fo$ i)!"* isco#s %"t!$i"*s t6! $"t! o' )!'o$%"tio& is i& $oo$tio& to t6! 'o$c! "*i!).

D!'o$%"tio& c!"s!s 96!& t6! "*i!) 'o$c! is $!%o!). T6! ""$!&t iscosit is co&st"&t

9it6 c6"&+i&+ s6!"$ $"t!s. T6is <!6"io#$ is tic"* o' si%*! *i(#i)s s#c6 "s 9"t!$.

4

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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Si%*! N!9to&i"& <!6"io#$ 

T6iot$o "&) R6!o! 9o$ 6"$)!&i&+

A t6iot$oic %"t!$i"* <!co%!s %o$! '*#i) 9it6 i&c$!"si&+ ti%! o' "*i!) 'o$c!. T6!

"*i!) 'o$c! co#*) <! sti$$i&+ #%i&+ o$ s6"i&+. T6is !''!ct is so%!ti%!s c"**!)

9o$ so't!&i&+0. It is o't!& $!!$si<*! so t6"t i' *!'t #&)ist#$<!) 'o$ so%! ti%! "t6iot$oic s*#$$ $!+"i&s its iscosit. >#ics"&) is "& !"%*! o' " t6iot$oic

%"t!$i"*.A $6!o!ctic %"t!$i"* <!co%!s %o$! isco#s 9it6 i&c$!"si&+ ti%! o' "*i!)

'o$c!. T6is !''!ct is t6! oosit! o' t6iot$o "&) is so%!ti%!s c"**!) 9o$ 6"$)!&i&+0.

Di*"t"&c s6!"$ t6ic!&i&+

5

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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A )i*"t"&t %"t!$i"* $!sists )!'o$%"tio& %o$! t6"& i& $oo$tio& to t6! "*i!) 'o$c!. Fo$ 

!"%*! t6! %o$! !''o$t o# #t i&to sti$$i&+ " )i*"t"&t %"t!$i"* t6! %o$! $!sist"&t it

 <!co%!s to sti$$i&+. T6is is #s#"** "& i&)ic"tio& t6"t t6! "*i!) 'o$c! is c"#si&+ t6!%"t!$i"* to ")ot " %o$! o$)!$!) st$#ct#$!. A t6ic s*#$$ o' 9!t <!"c6 s"&) is o't!&

)i*"t"&t.

P*"stic "&) Ps!#)o*"stic s6!"$ t6i&&i&+

PLASTIC %"t!$i"*s i&iti"** $!sist )!'o$%"tio& #&ti* " i!*) st$!ss is $!"c6!). 6!& t6"t

st$!ss is !c!!)!) t6! s6!"$ $"t! <!co%!s %!"s#$"<*!. F#$t6!$ st$!ss *!")s 'i&"** to

*i&!"$ N!9to&i"& <!6"io#$.

PSEUDOPLASTIC %"t!$i"*s !6i<it s6!"$ t6i&&i&+ 9it6o#t t6! i&iti"* $!sist"&c! to)!'o$%"tio&. Li! *"stic %"t!$i"*s t6! "*so s6o9 *i&!"$ N!9to&i"& <!6"io#$ "t t6!

6i+6!st *!!*s o' st$!ss "&) s6!"$ $"t!.

T!s o' iscosit

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7/23/2019 biolab 3

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Ne&t%nian' '*#i)s s#c6 "s 9"t!$  "&) %ost +"s!s 96ic6 6"! " co&st"&t

iscosit.

S(ear t(ic)enin*' iscosit i&c$!"s!s 9it6 t6! $"t! o' s6!"$.

S(ear t(innin*'  iscosit )!c$!"s!s 9it6 t6! $"t! o' s6!"$.

S6!"$ t6i&&i&+ *i(#i)s "$! !$ co%%o&* <#t %is*!")i&+*

)!sc$i<!) "s t6iot$oic.

Bin*(a$ #lastic' " %"t!$i"* t6"t <!6"!s "s " so*i) "t *o9

st$!ss!s <#t '*o9s "s " isco#s '*#i) "t 6i+6 st$!ss!s. N!t

iscosit co!''ici!&ts c"& <! )!'i&!) i& 'o#$ 9"s:

+,na$ic visc%sit,: "*so &o9& "s t6! "<so*#t! iscosit.

T6! %o$! #s#"* o&! tic"* #&its P"Hs Pois! P

-ine$atic visc%sit,: is t6! )&"%ic iscosit )ii)!) <

t6! )!&sit tic"* #&its c%2/s Sto!s St.

S(ear visc%sit,: o't!& $!'!$$!) to "s si%* iscosit )!sc$i<i&+

t6! $!"ctio& to "*i!) s6!"$ st$!ss si%* #t it is t6! $"tio

 <!t9!!& t6! $!ss#$! !!$t!) o& t6! s#$'"c! o' " '*#i) i& t6!

*"t!$"* o$ 6o$i8o&t"* )i$!ctio& to t6! c6"&+! i& !*ocit o' t6!

'*#i) "s o# %o! )o9& i& t6! '*#i) t6is is 96"t is $!'!$$!) to "s

" !*ocit +$")i!&t.

P r%ce"re

7

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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O!$"tio&

T6! 'o**o9i&+ $oc!)#$! is o#t*i&!) 'o$ %"i&+ " iscosit %!"s#$!%!&t:

,. T6! isco%!t!$ is s9itc6!) o&.

2. T6! s!!) o' $ot"tio& is !&t!$!) #si&+ t6! ARRO !s "&) SET SPEED !.

3. T6! +#"$)*!+ is %o#&t!) o& t6! isco%!t!$. T6! si&)*! is "tt"c6!) to t6! *o9!$ 

s6"'t. T6! s6"'t is *i't!) s*i+6t* "&) 6o*)!) 'i$%* 9it6 o&! 6"&) 96i*! t6!

si&)*! is sc$!9!) o& 9it6 t6! ot6!$ *!'t6"&) t6$!") &ot!). Si)! t6$#st o& t6!

s6"'t is "oi)!).

. T6! si&)*! &#%<!$ is !&t!$!) #si&+ t6! SELECT SPINDLE !.

5. T6! si&)*! is i&s!$t!) "&) c!&t!$!) i& t6! %"t!$i"* #&ti* t6! '*#i) *!!* is "t t6!

i%%!$sio& +$oo! i& t6! si&)*! s6"'t.

4. T6! MOTOR ON/OFF is $!ss!) to t#$& o& t6! %oto$. T6! i&)ic"t!) $!")i&+ is

"**o9!) ti%! to st"<i*i8!. T6! $!")i&+ "&) $!*!"&t t!st "$"%!t!$s is $!co$)!).?. T6! MOTOR ON/OFF ! is $!ss!) to t#$& OFF t6! %oto$.

T!st M!t6o)

,. T6! iscosit o' t6! s"%*! is %!"s#$!) #si&+ t6! B$oo'i!*) Visco%!t!$. T6!

s"%*! is *"c!) i& " <!"!$. RV Si&)*! J is #s!). T6! isco%!t!$ is s!t to 8!$o

 <!'o$! "& t!st. T6! iscosit is %!"s#$!) i& cPs "t s!!)s o' 4- 3- ,2 4 3 -

4 "&) -.3 $%. T6! to$(#!s is $!co$)!) "t @ s!!)s o& t6! B$oo'i!*) Visco%!t!$ 

B$oo!'i!*) Visco%!t!$ 

8

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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SPEED SETS

B!+i&&i&+ -.-

6!& sc$o**i&+ UP0

-.3

-.5

-.4

,.-

,.5

2.-

2.5

3.-

.-

5.-

4.-

,-.-

,2.-

2-.-

3-.-

5-.-

4-.-

,--.-

T"<*! , : S!!) s!ts o' isco%!t!$ 

Res"lts calc"lati%n

9

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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Title +escri#ti%n

S"%*! to <! t!st!) Cooi&+ Oi*

Visco%!t!$ %o)!* LVDV

Si&)*! S4,

Rot"tio&"* S!!) -,-- RPM

Co&t"i&!$ si8! 5-- %*

Us! si&)*! +#"$)*!+K Y!s

S"%*! T!%!$"t#$! Roo% t!%!$"t#$!

S"%*! $!"$"tio& $oc!)#$! i' "& No

S!!) s!ts

$%

ViscositcPs P".s A"$!&t

Viscosit

MP".s

R!sist"&c!

-.- -.-- - - -.

-.3 -.-- -.---- -.-- ,-@ -.--.5 4.- -.-4- .4- ,-@ -.@

-.4 2-.- -.-2-- 2.-- ,-@ -.2

,.- ,2.- -.-,2- ,.2- ,-@ -.2

,.5 ?4.- -.-?4- ?.4- ,-@ ,.

2.- 5?.- -.-5?- 5.?- ,-@ ,.

2.5 5.4 -.-54 .54 ,-@ ,.

3.- 4-.- -.-4-- 4.-- ,-@ 3.-

.- 55.5 -.-555 5.55 ,-@ 3.?

5.- 5-. -.-5- 5.- ,-@ .2

4.- ?.- -.-?- .?- ,-@ .?

,-.- @.- -.-@- .@- ,-@ @.-

,2.- 5-.- -.-5-- 5.-- ,-@ ,-.-

2-.- 5,.3 -.-5,3 5.,3 ,-@ ,?.,

3-.- 52.2 -.-522 5.22 ,-@ 24.,

5-.- 52.3 -.-523 5.23 ,-@ 3.5

4-.- 53.- -.-53- 5.3- ,-@ 53.-

,--.- 5.@ -.-5@ 5.@ ,-@ ,.3

Calc"lati%ns'

10

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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Fo$ s!!) is -.5 $%

R!sist"&c! -.@

cP.s 2-.-

cP.s to P".s 4.- -.--, -.-4- P".s

P".s to MP".s -.-4- ,-4  .4,-@ MP".s

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

Cooking Oil(Palm oil)

Speed Set (RPM)

Apparent Viscosity (MPa.s)(10-)

Fi+#$! ,

11

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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Title +escri#ti%n

S"%*! to <! t!st!) Ost!$ s"#c!

Visco%!t!$ %o)!* RVDV

Si&)*! S-

Rot"tio&"* S!!) -,-- RPM

Co&t"i&!$ si8! 5-- %*

Us! si&)*! +#"$)*!+K Y!s

S"%*! T!%!$"t#$! Roo% t!%!$"t#$!

S"%*! $!"$"tio& $oc!)#$! i' "& No

S!!) s!ts

$%

ViscositcPs P".s A"$!&t

Viscosit

MP".s

R!sist"&c!

-.- - - - -.3

-.3 23,--- 23,.--- -.23,- ,-5 3.-.5 ,3--- ,3.--- -.,3- ,-5 3.@

-.4 ,24--- ,24.--- -.,24- ,-5 3?.?

,.- @24-- @2.4-- @.24-- ,-5 ,.

,.5 43-4? 43.-4? 4.3-4? ,-5 ?.3

2.- 5---- 5-.--- 5.---- ,-5 5-.-

2.5 2-- 2.-- .2-- ,-5 53.-

3.- 3@--- 3@.--- 3.@--- ,-5 5?.

.- 3-55- 3-.55- 3.-55- ,-5 4,.,

5.- 24-- 24.-- 2.4-- ,-5 45.3

4.- 23433 23.433 2.3433 ,-5 ?-.@

,-.- ,4-- ,4.-- ,.4-- ,-5 @2.2

,2.- ,@-- ,.@-- ,.@-- ,-5 @.@

2-.- EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE

3-.- EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE

5-.- EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE

4-.- EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE

,--.- EEEE EEEE EEEE EEEE

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Calc"lati%ns'

Fo$ s!!) is -.5$%

R!sist"&c! 3.@

cP ,3---.-

cP to P".s ,3--- -.--, ,3.- P".s

P".s to MP".s ,3.- ,-4  -.,3 ,-5

0246810

Cooking Oil

Speed Set (RPM)

Apparent Viscosity (MPa.s)(!10-")

Fi+#$! 2

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7/23/2019 biolab 3

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+isc"ssi%n

  I& t6! !!$i%!&t ost!$ s"#c! "&) cooi&+ oi* is <!!& #s!) to

)!t!$%i&! t6! t! o' isco#s '*#i). T6is is to 'i&) t6!i$ isco%!t!$ to #s! to

 $!)ict 96!t6!$ t6! "$! N!9to&i"& o$ &o&N!9to&i"& '*#i).

T6! $!*"tio&s6i <!t9!!& t6! s6!"$ st$!ss "&) t6! !*ocit +$")i!&t c"&

 <! o<t"i&!) < co&si)!$i&+ t9o *"t!s c*os!* s"c!) "t " )ist"&c!  y "&) s!"$"t!)

 < " 6o%o+!&!o#s s#<st"&c!.

F$o% t6! )"t" co**!ct!) '$o% cooi&+ oi* 9! c"& 'i&) t6"t it $!co$)!)

6i+6!st iscosit 96ic6 is 4 c.s 96!& s!!) s!t is -.5$%.T6! "*#! o' iscosit

"&) s6!"$ $"t! !! c6"&+i&+ 9it6o#t s!(#!&c!. T6!$!'o$! 9! c"&&ot $o! t6"t

cooi&+ oi* is N!9to&i"& o$ &o&N!9to&i"&. T6is %i+6t <! )#! to t6! t!%!$"t#$!

s#$$o#&)i&+ 96ic6 !! c6"&+i&+. T6! !!$i%!&t is c"$$ o#t i& " "i$co&)itio&

$oo%. To o<t"i& %o$! "cc#$"t! $!s#*ts 9! s6o#*) c"$$ o#t !!$i%!&t i& "

t6!$%"* !(#i*i<$i#% co&)itio&.

F$o% $!s#*t ost!$ oi*9! c"& 'i&) t6"t it $!co!)!) 6i+6!st iscosit o' 

@24-- c.s 96!& s!!) s!t is ,.-$%.B st#) t6! +$"6 "<o! 9! &o9 t6"t

ost!$ s"#c! is " &o&N!9to&i"& '*#i) <!c"#s! t6! "*#! o' iscosit is )!c$!"s!

96!$!"s t6! s6!"$ $"t! is i&c$!"si&+.

I' 9! 9"&t )!t!$%i&! N!9to&i"& "&) &o&N!9to&i"& '*#i) t6$o#+6

+$"6 9! c"& *oo "t t6! *i&!. F$o% Fi+#$! 2 t6! *i&! is +oi&+ )o9& "+"i&st

to$(#!. T6is is " &o& N!9to&i"& *i(#i).

14

7/23/2019 biolab 3

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B!si)!s t6"t t6! $!s#*t 96ic6 )is*" EEE0 %!"&s t6! DVE +i!s

i&)ic"tio&s 'o$ o#t o' $"&+! o!$"tio&. ! s6o#*) $!)#c! t6! s!!) o$ #s! " s%"**!$ 

si8! si&)*! to co$$!ct t6! sit#"tio&.

C%ncl"si%nI& co&c*#sio& 9! &o9 t6"t 9! c"& $!)ict " '*#i) is N!9to&i"& o$ &o&

 N!9to&i"& < #si&+ B$oo'i!*) isco%!t!$ "&) 9! &!!) to #s! )i''!$!&t t!s o'

si&)*!s 'o$ )i''!$!&t t!s o' '*#i).O<;!cti! "c6i!!).

Re/erences

,. 1i<<!*!$R.2-,,.M!c6"&ics o' M"t!$i"*sP$!&tic! 1"**

2. Y#&#s A. C!&+!* Mic6"!* A. Bo*!s.T6!$%o)&"%ics : A& E&+i&!!$i&+

A$o"c6 ?

t6

 !)itio& i& SI #&its.2-,, McG$"91i**3. 6tt://999."t"sci!&ti'ic.co%."#/<*o+/2-,-/-2/,@/"&i&t$o)#ctio&toiscosit

"&)$6!o*o+/

. 6tt://9!it8*"<.s!"s.6"$"$).!)#/*i&s/t#to$i"*s/i&t$o)#ctio&to$6!o*o+2.)' 

15