Biological oceanography

Oceanographic Literature Review (I 979) 26 (2) 83

of CI in aerosols relative to seawater. Air Monitoring Section, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay- 400 085, India. (djh)

79:605 Weimer, W. C. and J. C. Langford, 1978. Iron-55 and

stable iron in oceanic aerosols: forms and avail- abilit?. A tmos. Environ., 12(5): 1201 - 1205.

Chemical dissolution studies indicate that the greater bioavailability of Fe-55 may be due to its presence either as an amorphous iron oxide coating on aerosol particles or as minute particles attached to aerosols; stable iron is bound in the aerosols" mineral matrix. Fe-55 is easily solubilized upon contact with seawater. Physical and chemical form variations determine the bioavailability of radioactive and stable iron isotopes. Battelle-Northwest Laboratories, Richland, Washing- ton 99352, U .S.A. (izs)

12. Circulation

79:606 Lamb, P. J., 1978. Large-scale tropical Atlantic

latmosphericl surface circulation patterns associated with subsaharan weather anomalies. Tellus, 30(3): 240-251.

Data compiled over five years, compared with sixty- year averages, indicate an association between west African droughts and atmospheric circulation patterns over the Atlantic. It appears that it may be possible to predict droughts 3 to 6 months in advance under certain conditions. Department of Geography, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia 5000. (swm)

16. Distribution of common atmospheric properties (temperature, humidity, etc. t, general weather and synoptic measurements

79:608 Abramov, R. V., 1978. The structure of semi-diurnal

pressure oscillations from TROPEX-74 data. (In Russian; English abstract.) Meteorologiya Gidrol., 197,~(5): 90-99.

Variance and harmonic analyses demonstrate that: (1) the ~emi-diurnal harmonic component govcrn~ '~0% of the intra-diurnal pressure change: and 12) diurnal oscillation, are more intensive than noclurnal ~mes. Amplitude variations mighl result from the Iox~ frequent 3 wave process in (izs)

Frank, W. M., 1978. The convective systems. J. 1256-1264.

the c~nver~cncu /one.

79:609 life cycles of GATE atmos. Sci., 35(7):

GATE rawinsonde and radar data indicate that squall lines and loosely organized cloud clusters progressively warm in the upper troposphere, cool in the lower levels and moisten in both the lower and middle levels. Easterly waves are shown to trigger the systems, but mesoscale dynamics control their life cycles. Atmospheric Science Department, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins 80523, U.S.A. (fcs)

E. Biological Oceanography

15. Forecasting

79:607 Kivganov, A. F. and U. Ch. Mohanty, 1978. On the

physical-statistical method of forecasting the movement of tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal. (In Russian; English abstract.) Meteorologiya Gidrol., 1978(5): 19-25.

The paper deals with a physical-statistical method of forecasting the movement of tropical storms in the Bay of Bengal for the post-monsoon period. Predictors used are the coefficients of empirical orthogonal functions of the meteorological fields and the persistence (the storm movement for the past 12 hours). A stepwise regression method has been applied for selection of a minimum number of predictors with a maximum amount of information. Prognostic regression equations and results of their test using dependent and independent data are presented.

1. Apparatus and methods

79:610 Cosslett, V. E., 1978. Radiation damage in the

high resolution electron microscopy of biological materials: a review. J. Microsc., 113(2): II 3-129.

Relative probabilities and causes of radiation damage as well as techniques for reducing radiation sensitivity in biological specimens are discussed with reference to conventional transmission electron microscopy. Slight prospects exist for observing living cells at a resolution better than that of the best optical microscopes. Cavendish Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3RQ, Great Britain. (izs)

79:611 Fukai, R., B. Oregioni and D. Vas, 1978.

Interlaboratory comparability of measurements of trace elements in marine organisms: results

84 Oceanographic Literature Review (1979) 26 (2)

of intercalibration exercise on oyster homogenate. Oceanol. Acta, 1 (31:391-396.

Many measurements of trace components in marine samples are currently being made by a variety of laboratories. This necessitates intercalibration exercises in order to compare results of similar analyses from different places. The results of such an exercise between 87 laboratories analyzing for 12 trace elements in an oyster homogenate are reported and general observations on methodology and data presentation are given. International Laboratory of Marine Radioactivit\, laea, Musee Oceano- graphique. Principalit.~ of Monaco. (bwt)

Graham, A. A. and C. W. Burns, for rapid field separation of bottom samples. (Note.i N.Z. Res., I 1(3): 609-611.

A lidded, 18-L sieve bucket was

79:612 1977. Sieve-bucket macrofauna from Jl mar. Freshwat.

used to separate benthic macroinvertebrates from samples of mud taken with an Ekman grab. The device is operated in shallow water near the shore, and an entire Ekman grab sample (up to 10 L) can be sieved in 5-10 min. One photograph. Department of Zoology, University of Otago, P.O. Box 56 Dunedin, New Zealand.

79:613 Jones, R. 1., 1977. A comparison of acetone and

methanol as solvents for estimating the chlorophyll a and phaeophytin a concentrations in phytoplankton. Ann& bot. Fenn., 14(2): 65-69.

Methanol can extract chlorophyll a from phytoplankton more efficiently than acetone. The extent of this difference is dependent on the type of algae present and is pronounced with blue-green algae but not with diatoms. Failure to make a correction for the presence of phaeophytin does not always cause large errors. R. 1. Jones, Department of Botany, University of Helsinki, Unioninkatu 44. SF-O0170 Helsinki 17, Finland.

79:614 O'Hara, S. C. M., E. D. S, Corner and C. C.

Kilvington, 1978. On the nutrition and metabolism of zooplankton. Xil. Measurements by radioimmunoassay of the levels of a steroid in ('alanus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 597-605.

Cholesterol is present as a major sterol in marine zooplankton and has been suggested as a precursor of steroid hormones. In order to detect the very small quantities of tile hormone oestradiol-17 t:~ (E~) in copepods, the radioimmunoassay technique was adapted from studies of mammalian endocrinology, Levels of E2 in males and females at several life

stages were analyzed and the results are discussed with reference to the relationship between steroids and metabolism and the biological effects of poly- nuclear aromatic hydrocarbons. The l.aboratory, Marine Biological Association. Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Great Britain. (bwt)

79:615 Zo, Zinntae, 1978. Zooplankton spin splitter.

Deep-Sea Res., 25(6): 571-576.

In a new device for zooplankton subsampling, the sample is mixed by a water jet and drains through a narrow tube while spinning aliquot chambers collect a small portion of the sample each cycle of rotation. The device reduces splitting time and obtains a variety of subsample sizes in one operation. Ecological Services, Texas Instruments, MS949, Dallas, Texas 75222, U.S.A.

2. Invertebrates (systematics, life cycles, anatomy, physiology, etc.)

79:616 Biggs, D. C., 1978. Athorybia lucida, a new species of

siphonophore (Physonectae Athorybiidaet from the North Atlantic Ocean. Bull. mar. Sci , 28(3): 537-542.

A new species of siphonophore, collected in 1975 by SCUBA divers in the Sargasso Sea, is described. One underwater photo, 2 photomicrographs and 5 drawings. Department of Oceanography, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, U.S.A. (smf)

79:617 Bradford, J. M,, 1978. Paracalanus indicus Wolfen-

den and ('orycaeus aucklandicus Kraemer, two neritic pelagic copepods from New Zealand. JI R. Soc. N.Z., 8(2): 133-141.

The identities of two common neritic pelagic copepods from New Zealand are clarified. One, previously known as Paracalanus parvus, is reassigned to P. indicus Wolfenden; the other, Corycaeus aucklandicus Kr~imer, is redescribed and its name validated. A key to the parvus group of Paracalanus is given. Ca. 40 illustrations. N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, DSIR, Wellington, New Zealand.

79:618 Branford, J. R.. 1978. The influence of daylength,

temperature and season on the hatching rhythm of Homarus gammarus. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 639-658.

Release time of larvae by female H. gammarus in light/dark regimes is shown to depend on

Oceanographic Literature Review (1979) 26 (2) 85

temperature, daylength and previous photoperiodic experience. A theoretical equation links these variables. Department of Marine Biology, University of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, Gt. Brit. (smf)

79:619 Bruce, N. L. and D. A. Jones, 1978. The systematics

of some Red Sea Isopoda (Family Cirolanidael with descriptions of two new species. J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc, Lond., 185(3): 395-413.

Of six species from collections of Red Sea cirolanid isopods, two new species are described and discussed: two species newly reported for the Red Sea are discussed; the range of a fifth species is extended, and the sixth is shown to be synonomous with a previously- named species. A table of all known Red Sea cirolanids is included. Ca. 50 illus. Department of Zoology, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia 4067. (smf)

79:620 Day. Jennifer, 1978. Southern African Cumacea.

II. Family Bodotriidae, Subfamily Bodotriinae. Ann. S. Afr. Mus., 75(7): 159-290.

Thirty-one species of southern African cumaceans are described. Three genera and 16 species of the subfamily Bodotriinae are new. The general distribution of the Bodotriinae is discussed, and the Bodotriidae, especially the Bodotriinae, are found to be the most successful cumaceans in the region. Ca. 400 illustrations. Zoology Department, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa. (smm)

79:62 I Deevey, G. B., 1978. A taxonomic and distributional

study of the planktonic ostracods collected on three cruises of the Eltanin in the South Pacific and the Antarctic region of the South Pacific. Antarct. Res, Ser., Am. geophys. Un., 28: [Biol. o f the Antarct. Seas, 8(2/3) ]: 43-70.

A survey of halocyprid ostracods from the Smithsonian Oceanographic Sorting Center collected on Eltanin cruises in the South Pacific from 95 ° to 160°W and from the Subtropical Convergence to 68°S is reported. The latitudinal and depth distributions of 48 species are discussed. Ca. 75 illus. Florida State Museum, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, U.S.A. (smm)

79:622 Fenwick, G. D., 1977. Mesoproboioides excavata

n.sp. (Amphipoda: Gammaridea: Stenothoidae) from New Zealand. N.Z. Jl. mar. Freshwat. Res., I I (3): 471-478. Four micrographs and 18 illustrations. Department of Zoology, University of Canterbury, Private Bag. Christchurch, New Zealand.

79:623 Foulds, J. B. and K. H. Mann, 1978. Cellulose diges-

tion in Mysis stenolepis and its ecological implications. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 760-766. Dep. Math. and Nat. Sci., College of Cape Breton, Sidney, Nova Scotia B1P 6J I.

79:624 Gladfelter, W. B., 1978. General ecology of the

cassiduloid urchin Cassidulus caribbearum. Mar. Biol., 47(2): 149-160.

The behavior, physiology, and ecology of Cassidulus caribbearum, an echinoid of the order Cassiduloida, is discussed. The urchins, located in high densities in shallow water areas among the islands of the eastern Caribbean Sea, are selective deposit feeders which ingest sand size particles continuously. Fifty percent of the population over 18 mm are found brooding at any time. Mortality is due primarily to predation. One illustration: 4 micrographs. West Indies Laboratory, Fairleigh Dickinson University, St. Croix, Virgin Islands, U.S.A. (~mm)

79:625 Greenwood, J. G., 1978. Calanoid copepods

of Moreton Bay (Queensland). Ill. Families Temoridae to Tortanidae, excluding Pontel- lidae. Proc. R. Soc. Qd, 89:1-2 I.

Thirteen calanoid species belonging to the families Temoridae, Arietellidae, Candaciidae, Acartiidae and Tortanidae are recorded from Moreton Bay for the first time, three being new Australian records. Diagnostic features, distribution records and ecology of most species are summarized and discussed. Ca. 80 illustrations. Zoology Department, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.

79:626 Greenwood, J. G., 1978. A replacement name

Stephos morii proposed for the preoccupied name S. tropicus (Copepoda, Calanoida). Proc. R. Soc. Qd, 89: p. 131. Zoology Department, University of Queensland, Queensland, .Aus- tralia.

79:627 Guinot, Daniele, 1978. Analyse morphog6netique

d'une lignee de crabes: la lign6e 9artheoxy- stomienne et position systEmatique du genre Drachiella Guinot (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura). [The morphogenetic analysis of a crab-stock, the parthenoxystomian stock, and the systematic range of the genus Drachiella Guinot (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura).] ArchsZool. exp. gbn., 119(1): 7-20 + 4 plates.

Morphocline establishment reconstituted the parthenoxystomian line of a crab stock into three


groups: (1) Actaeomorpha Miers, char. emend.; (2) Osachila Stimpson, Hepatus Latreille and Hepatella Smith; and (3) Drachiella Guinot (Oxystomata, Leucosiidae). Ca. 20 drawings and 17 photographs. Museum national d'Histoire naturelle, Laboratoire de Zoologic (Arthropodes), 61, rue de Buffon, 75005, Paris, France. (izs)

79:628 Heinbokel, J. F., 1978. Studies on the functional

role of tintinnids in the Southern California Bight. I. Grazing and growth rates in laboratory cultures. !1. Grazing rates of field populations. Mar. Biol., 47(2): 177-197.

This paper, and its previous part, discuss the impact of tintinnid assemblages as grazers on primary producers. There is a generally good agreement between grazing rates of natural and cultured populations. Laboratory experiments demonstrate the dependence of tintinnid grazing and growth rate on the types and concentrations of food available. Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, U.S.A. (izs)

79:629 Hicks, G. R. F., 1977. Species composition and

zoogeography of marine phytal harpacticoid copepods from Cook Strait, and their contribution to total phytal meiofauna. N. Z. JI mar. Freshwat. Res., I 1(3): 441-469.

A seasonal study was made of harpacticoid copepods located on marine macrophytes in Island Bay, New Zealand, a zone of mixed subtropical and colder Antarctic water. Monthly collections produced 66 species and 16 families. A relationship between copepods and the growth form/sediment trapping potential of the algae was observed. Includes species lists and ca. 100 references. Wellcome Marine Laboratory, University of Leeds, Robin Hood's Bay, Yorkshire YO22 4SL, United Kingdom. (smm)

79:630 Hill, B. J., 1978. Activity, track and speed of move-

ment of the crab Scylla serrata in an estuary. Mar. Biol., 47(2): 135-141.

Biotelemetric studies of S. serrata in the Kowie Estuary, South Africa, using ultrasonic transmitters showed that: (I) distance averaged 461 m/night (range 219 to 910 m); (2) most movement was slow (model speed 10 to 19 m/h): and (3) crabs did not occupy a distinct territory. Zoology Department, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, South Africa. (izs)

79:631 Hiruta, Shinlchi, 1978. Redescription of Sarsiella

misakiensis Kajiyama from Hokkaido, with

reference to the larval stages IOstracoda: Myodocopinat. J. Fac. Sci. Hokkaido Univ., (6, Zool.)21(2): 262-278. Fifteen illustrations, including photos. Biological Laboratory, Kushiro College. Hokkaido Universit~ of Education, Hokkaido, Japan.

79:632 Hofker, J., 1977. The Foraminifera of Dutch tidal

flats and salt marshes. (Review.) Neth. J. Sea Res., I 1(3/4): 223-296.

Life cycles, distributions, ecology and systemattcs of seventy-six species of Foraminifera isolated from one hundred fifty-six Dutch coast sediment samples are presented. Sizes of calcareous tests generally increase with increasing salinity. Ca. 100 illus. Schevening- selaan 157, 's-Gravenhage, The Netherlands. (izs)

79:633 Hopkins, C. C. I:.; J. Mauchline and D. S. McLusky,

1978. Structure and function of the fifth pair of pleopods of male Euchaeta norvegica I Copepoda: Calanoida). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 631-637.

The form and structure of the fifth pair of pleopods, modified as secondary sexual characters and used in the identification of males of this species, are described. Two micrographs and 12 illustrations. Aquatic Biology Group, Institute of Biology and Geology, University of Troms6, P. O. Box 79(I, N- 9001 Troms6, Norway. (smf)

79:634 Jansen, K. P., 1978. A revision of the genus Pseudaega

Thomson (lsopoda: Flahellifera: ('irolanidae) with diagnoses of four new species. Jl R. Soc. N.Z., 8(2): 143-156.

Pseudaega Thomson 1884 was erected to accommodate P. punctata. Nierstrasz considered the genus unnecessary and placed the species in Cirolana. Examination of material in the New Zealand Oceanographic Institute collection confirmed the status of Thomson's genus and ~ielded four new species: P. secunda, P. tertia, P. quarta and P. melanica. Keys are given for the N.Z. genera of Cirolanidae and species of Pseudaega. Ca. 100 illustrations. N.Z. Oceanographic Institute, DSIR, Box 12-346, Wellington, New Zealand.

79:635 Just, Jean, 1977. A new genus and species ofcorophiid

Amphipoda from pteropod shells of the bathyal western Atlantic, with notes on related genera ( Crustacea ). Steenstrupia, 4(9): 131 - 138.

Pterunciola spinipes (n.gen., n.sp.), collected and found inhabiting empty pteropod shells at 840-1540 m depth off the North Carolina coast, is described and


its relationship to other Corophiidae is discussed. Ca. 20 illus. Zoological Museum, Copenhagen, Denmark. (stall

79:636 Ling, Hsin Yi and Kozo Takahashi, 1977. Observa-

tion on microstructure of selected phaeodarian Radiolaria. Mere. geol. Soc. China, (1977)2: 207-212.

Phaeodarian radiolarians collected throughout the water column are observed with a scanning electron microscope. Samples from the mid-latitude region of the North Pacific are examined to compare shell wall structure in different genera. Figs. include 11 SEM plates. Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. (smm)

79:637 Madin, L. P. and G. R. Harbison, 1978. Bathocyroe

fosteri gen.nov., sp.nov.: a mesopelagic ctenophore observed and collected from a submersible. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 559-564.

A new deep-living ctenophore, collected at depth by means of a slurp gun mounted on a submersible, is described. Five drawings. Woods Hole Oceano- graphic institution, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, U.S.A. (smf)

79:638 Matthews, J. B. L., L. Hestad and J. L. W. Bakke,

1978. Ecological studies in Korsfjorden, western Norway. The generations and stocks of Calanus hyperboreus and C. finmarchicus in 1971-1974. Oceanol. Acta, 1(3): 277-284.

Calanus hyperboreus and Calanus finmarchicus are used to test the applicability of Manly's (1974) model to a planktonic population. Although inconsistencies do exist, the calculated curves fit the observed data well. C. hyperboreus has a low mortality rate (0.003- 0.007) with low predation pressure. C. finmarchicus has a much higher mortality rate (0.02-0.4) probably because it falls prey to many carnivores. Institute of Marine Biology, University of Bergen, N-5065 Blomsterdalen, Norway. (smm)

79:639 Nageswara Rao, J. and M. Subba Rao, 1978.

Living benthonic foraminifera from the inner shelf sediments at Visakhapatnam [India]. Curr. ScL. 47(12): 426-427.

Foraminifera from sediment samples collected from the inner shelf off Visakhapatnam in depths ranging from 10-90 m were identified. One hundred thirty- three species belonging to twenty-six families are reported. Geology Department, Andhra University, Waltair, India. (smm)

79:640 Noel, Pierre, 1978. Eualus drachi nov.sp. (Crustacea,

Caridea, Hippolytidae) des c6tes franeaises de la M6diterrancSe. [Eualus drachi nov.sp. ICrustacea, Caridea, Hippolytidael from the French Mediterranean coasts.} Archs Zool. exp. g~n., 119(1): 21-38.

A new species, Eualus drachi, is described and compared with related species. A key to the twenty- eight known species of the genus Eualus is provided. Four illus.; ca. 50 references. Laboratoire de Zoologie, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05. France.

79:641 Paffenhofer, G.-A. and S. C. Knowles, 1978.

Laboratory experiments on feeding, growth, and fecundity of and effects of cadmium on Pseudo- diaptomus. Bull. mar. Sci., 288(3): 574-580.

To determine whether feeding or reproductive rates of Pseudodiaptomus coronatus might serve as a cadmium effect indicator, laboratory studies of growth, feeding, food conversion and reproduction were made of that copepod in Cd concentrations l0 times (5 tLg/L) the local environmental level. Only reproduction was affected. It is unknown whether long-term exposure to near environmental levels might also reduce reproduction rates. Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, Georgia 31406, U.S.A. (smf)

79:642 Reeve, M. R., M. A. Walter and T. ikeda, 1978.

Laboratory studies of ingestion and food utili- zation in lobate and tentaculate ctenophores. Lirnnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 740-751.

Mnemiopsis mccradyi and Pleurobrachia bachei are examined for ingestion rates which are linearly related to food densities, digestive efficiencies, and growth efficiencies. Ctenophores can regulate herbivore excesses and stimulate recovery of phytoplankton with daily ingestion rates in excess of 1,000% of their body weights although they may be at a competitive disadvantage at low food densities. Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149, U.S.A. (smm)

79:643 Reid, P. C. and A. W. G. John, 1978. Tintinnid

cysts. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 551-557.

Distinctive flask-shaped cysts observed within the Ioricae of some tintinnids are described; encystment may be more important in this organism's life cycle than previously thought. A relationship may exist between tintinnid cysts and the extinct microfossil order Chitinozoa. Eight illustrations and 6


micrographs. Institute for Marine Environmental Research, Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth, Great Britain. (smf)

community inhabiting an isolated, shallow subtidal reef. The Oceanographic Research Institute, 2 West Street Durban, Republic of South Africa. (smm)

79:644 Retamal, M. A., 1977. Los Crustaceos Decapodos

chilenos de importancia economica, lChilean decapod crustaceans of economic importance.] Gayana, (Zool.)39:50 pp.

Distributions, feeding, predators, fecundity, systematics, etc. are discussed for twenty Chilean decapod crustaceans including Panulirus pascuensis, Jastt~ frontalis, Heterocarpus reedi, Rhynchocinetes Opus, Lithodes antarcticus, Pleuroncodes monodon, Munida gregaria and M. subrugosa. Nineteen illustrations: glossary: sixty-four references. Dept. Biol. Mar. y Oceanogr., Universidad de Concepcion, Chile. (izs)

79:645 Schultz, G. A., 1978. Nonasellote isopod crustaceans

from Anvers Island and other Antarctic locations. Antarcr Res. Set., Am. geophys. Un., 28: [Biol. o f the A ntarcr seas, 8(2,3) ]: 21-41.

A discussion of Antarctic nonasellote isopods includes a complete literature and biological data review. Distribution maps suggest that most species are circumcontinental and live in both shallow and deep waters. Ca. 150 illus. Hampton, New Jersey 08827, U.S.A. (smm)

79:646 Sheader, Martin, 1978. Distribution and reproductive

biology of Corophium insidiosum (Amphipoda) on the north-east coast of England. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 585-596.

Corophium insidiosum appears to be common in areas of high turbidity: the closely related species C. bonnellii in relatively clean areas. Breeding, fecundity, brood mortality and feeding activity of C. insidiosum are discussed. Department of Oceanography, University of Southampton, Southampton, Great Britain. (smf)

79:647 Smale, M. J., 1978. Migration, growth and feeding

in the Natal rock lobster Panulirus homarus I Linnaeus~ [inhabiting a reef near Durban, South Africa]. lnvestl Rept, oceanogr. Res. Inst., Durban, 47:56 pp.

The life history and ecology of the subspecies P. homarus rubellus occurring almost exclusively in the south-western Indian Ocean is examined. Migration, observed during a tagging study, behavior, laboratory and natural growth as well as a quantitative feeding study are described. The study site is a discrete

79:648 Southward, E. C., 1978. A new species of Lamellisa-

bella lPogonophora) from the North Atlantic. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 713-718.

The first species of Lamellisabella to be described from the Atlantic Ocean has rows of small teeth on the tentacles, it occurs at about 4000 m depth in the Bay of Biscay, and its range probably extends along the continental rise at least as far south as the Gulf of Guinea. Ca. 15 illustrations. The Laboratory, Marine Biological Association, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, Great Britain.

79:649 Stutz, A. M., 1978. Tidal and diurnal activit~

rhythms in the striped shore crab Pachygrapsus crassipes. J. interdiscipl. Cycle Res.. 9( 1 ): 41-48.

Eight male P. crassipes studied for 33 da~s displayed overt semi-diurnal tidal rhythms averaging 12.4 hrs. An apparent correlation between activity and the precise time of local high tide might be explained by an internal oscillatory mechanism or an organism response to subtle geophysical cycles. Department of Biology, San Diego State University, 5;an Diego. California 92182. U.S.A. (sml)

79:650 Thomsen, H. A. and Kenneth Oates, 1978.

Balaniger balticus gen. et sp.nov. I Prymnesi- ophyceae) from Danish coastal waters. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K., 58(3): 773-779.

The coccolithophorid Balaniger balticus collected in the western Baltic was observed under the electron microscope. The surface of the saddle-shaped cell has oval scales supporting calcified pyramid structures. It is suggested the B. balticus is one of few coccolithophorids which prefer brackish water. Sixteen micrographs, lnstitut for Sporeplanter, University of Copenhagen, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark. (smm)

79:651 Wittmann, K. J., 1978. Adoption, replacement,

and identification of young in marine Mysidacea ICrustaceal. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 32(3): 259-274.

In both laboratory and nature, females of several crustacean species capture and introduce other females' larvae (or larval parts) into their brood pouches. This "'adoption" probably results from larvae replacement behavior. Adoption patterns indicate the possible involvement of chemosensorv


mechanisms. Lehrkanzel f~ir Meeresbiologie, 1. Zoologisches Institut der Universit~it Wien, Wien, Austria. (smf)

Murray ex Schuett. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 649-658. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, R1 02881, U.S.A.

3. Algae (systematics, life cycles, morphology, physiology, etc. t

79:652 Boudouresque, C. F. et M. Verlaque, 1978.

V6g~tation marine de la Corse (M6di- terrant~e). 1. Documents pour la flore des algues, lMarine vegetation of Corsica lMedi- terranean), i. Documents for the algal flora. I Botanica mar., 21(5): 265-275.

Seven species of marine algae from Corsica are reported. Five of these species have not been previously reported from Corsica or the French Mediterranean. A new species of the genus Pseudolithophyllum is described. Twenty-two illustrations and 2 micrographs. Laboratoire de Biologie veg6tale marine, Faculte des Sciences de Luminy, 13288 Marseille cedex 2, France. (smm)

79:653 Caperon, J. and D. F. Smith, 1978. Photosynthetic

rates of marine algae as a function of inorganic carbon concentration. Limnol. Oceanogr. , 23(4): 704-708.

The relationship between phytoplankton and algal growth rates in seawater and inorganic carbon concentrations is quantitatively analyzed for the first time, and the Michaelis-Menten equation is shown applicable to experimental systems of n species. University of Hawaii at Manna, Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology. P.O. Box 1246, Coconut Island, Kaneohe 96744, U.S.A. (sml~

79:654 Goldman, J. C. and J. J. McCarthy, 1978.

Steady state growth and ammonium uptake of a fast-growing marine diatom. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 695-703.

Growth rate of Thalassiosira pseudonana (3H) in NH~ limited steady state conditions is discussed in an examination of the limits and applicability of Droop's N-limited growth rate equation. In general the usefulness of the Droop expression diminishes as nutrient/cell weight ratio increases. Other specific aspects of the expression are questioned. Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, Massachu- setts 02543, U.S.A. (smf)

79:655 Kahn, Norman and Elijah Swift, 1978. Positive

buoyancy through ionic control in the nonmotile marine dinoflagellate Pyrocystis noctiluca

79:656 Santelices, Bernabe and 1. A. Abbott, 1978.

New records of marine algae from Chile and their effect on phytogeography. Phycologia, 17(2): 213-222.

The marine macroalgae of the Chilean coast are classified. Forty species new to Chilean waters are reported (ten Chlorophyta, nine Phaeophyta and twenty-one Rhodophyta). The high species diversity reflects the physical heterogeneity of the long Chilean coast line, A description of the phytogeography in relation to each species is given. Laboratorio de Zoologia, Departmento de Biologia Ambiental y de Poblaciones, Instituto de Ciencias Biol6gicas, Universidad Catolica de Chile, Casilla 114-D, Santiago, Chile. (smm)

79:657 Senti, W. H., 1978. Dependence of light-saturated

rates of algal photosynthesis on intracellular concentrations of phosphorus. Limnol. Ocean- ogr., 23(4): 709-718. Department of Biology, Ball State University, Muncie, Indiana 47306, U.S.A.

4. Chemistry of marine organisms

79:658 Bul'on, V. V., 1978. Content of pheopigments in

]marine and freshwater] plankton, iReview.t I In Russian.) Gidrobiol. Zh., 14(3): 62-70.

79:659 Graf, Francois, 1978. Les sources de calcium

pour les Crustaces venant de mer. [Calcium sources for freshly molted crustaceans.] Archs Zool. exp. gdn., 119(I): 143-161.

Aquatic crustaceans rely primarily upon exogenous (food, water, environment) sources of calcium while terrestrial forms rely on endogenous (calcium stored in the hepatopancreas, gastrolites, sternal plates, etc) sources for cuticle mineralization. Ca. 65 references. Laboratoire de Biologie animale et g~n~rale Faculte des Sciences de la Vie 6, boulevard Gabriel, 21000 Dijon, France. (izs)

79:660 Moore, Cynthia and Kurt Bostrom, 1978. The ele-

mental compositions of lower marine [benthic


an~t planktonic} organisms. Chem. Geol., 23( I ): 1-9.

Atlantic and Pacific plankton and benthos possess almost identical minor and trace element compositions with Pacific samples being Zn enriched; Atlantic, AI enriched. The planktonic compositional taxonomic invariance of Riley and Roth (1971) is, thus. supported. Implications for geochemical studies of deep sea sediments are considered. Rosenstiel School o1 Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, U.S.A. (izs)

79:661 Muscatine, L. and C. F. D'Elia, 1978. The uptake,

retention, and release of ammonium by reef corals. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 725-734.

Uptake and retention of ammonium occurred only in corals symbiotic with zooxanthellae and were enhanced by light. Nocturnal ammonium retention was sustained by the normal daylight period. Evidence supports the hypothesis of combined nitrogen recycling in the coral algae symbiosis. Chesapeake Biological Laboratory, P.O. Box 38, Solomons, Maryland 20688, U.S.A. (izs)

79:662 Patriquin, D. G. and C. R. McClung, 1978.

Nitrogen accretion, and the nature and possible significance of N 2 fixation (acetylene reduction in a Nova Scotian Spartina alterniflora stand. Mar. Biol., 47(3): 227-242.

Indication~ of a net export of nitrogen from salt marshes to the surrounding water raise questions concerning the source of this excess nutrient. Estimates of mud surface and subsurface nitrogen fixation are compared with an estimate of nitrogen accretion in the aboveground vegetation of Spartina alterniflora to give an indication of the significance of these sites as sources of nitrogen for the plant. Understanding of the nitrogen budget of this major marsh plant would be a step toward understanding the ability of the marsh to export an apparently limited nutrient. Biolog~ Department, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. (bwtl

79:663 Spaargaren, D. H., 1977. On the metabolic adap-

tation of Carcinus maenas to reduced oxygen tensions in the environment. Neth. J. Sea Res., 11(3/4): 325-333.

Anaerobic conditions do not decrease osmoregulatory energy demands. C. maenas, by utilizing anaerobic sources for energy production during times of oxygen deficiency, can survive anaerobic conditions for about two days with some loss of locomotory control, which

is reversible, but no change in ion regulation. Earlier observations are confirmed. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands. (izs)

79:664 Thayer, G. W., P. L. Parker, M. W. LaCroix and

Brian Fry, 1978. The stable carbon isotope ratio of some components of an eelgrass, Zostera marina, bed. Oecologia, 35( 1 ): 1 - 12.

Natural tracer experiments are possible because the two stable carbon isotopes react at slightly different rates in biogeochemical reactions. A comparison of stable carbon isotope ratios of various organisms collected from an eelgrass bed was made in order to trace food web links. C-13/C-12 values are reported for each of the groups of organisms and the possible origins of the organic matter present in the consumers is discussed. United States Department of Commerce, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA, Southeast Fisheries Center, Beaufort Laboratory, Beaufort, NC 28516, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:665 Witte-Maas, E. L. M. and D. H. Spaargaren, 1977.

Some lethal and sub-lethal effects in Crangon crangon at experimental K ÷ enrichment of their environment. Neth. J. Sea Res., 11(3/4): 316-324.

Dependent upon KC1 concentration, sudden changes in environmental K + concentration appear harmful to C. crangon (maintained in seawater at 5°C and 20°C with I0°/oo 35"/0° S) especially at extreme salinities. This work extends the experiments of Weber and Kraay (1972) and considers the shrimps' capability of regulating internal K + concentrations in response to environmental changes. Zoological Laboratory, State University, Leiden, The Netherlands. (izs)

5. P lankton { zoop lankton , phytoplankton , nannoplankton, primary productivity, seston and detritus)

79:666 Chester, A. J., 1978. Microzooplankton relative to

a subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer. Mar. Sci. Commun., 4(3): 275-292.

Microzooplankton samples taken from seven stations off the Washington coast show a concentration of ciliates coupled with a subsurface chlorophyll maximum layer. It appears that ciliates may act to control phytoplankton populations, and may have an ecological impact greater than indicated by their biomass. Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, Environmental Research Laboratories, NOAA, 7600 Sand Point Way NE., Seattle Washington 98115, U.S.A. (swm)


79:667 Dessier, A. et A. Laurec, 1978. Le cycle annuel du

zooplancton a Pointe-Noire (RP Congo). Description math~matique. [Zooplankton annual cycle at Pointe-Noire (RP Congo). Mathematical description. ] Oceanol. Acta, 1(3): 285-304.

Weekly zooplankton samples collected over six years are described in relation to seasonal and hydrological factors. Variations are related to the different taxa. It is suggested that zooplankton might be useful hydrographic indicators. Orstom, Centre Oceano- logique de Bretagne, 29273 Brest, France. (smm)

79:668 Droop, M. R. and J. M. Scott, 1978. Steady-state

energeties of a planktonic herbivore [Brachionus plicatilis]. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.. 58(3): 749-772.

The relation between growth rate and respiration in B. plicatilis Moiler grown in a chemostat was investigated. N and C excretion rates were correlated: ingestion and assimilation efficiencies were high and not obviously dependent on growth rate; "'slow adapted" and "fast adapted" growth modes were identified with characteristically different growth and energy parameters. Dunstaffnage Marine Research Laboratory,, Oban, Scotland. (izs)

79:669 Eppley, R. W., Peter Koeller and G. T. Wallace Jr.,

1978. Stirring influences the phytoplankton species composition within enclosed columns of coastal sea water. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 32(3): 219-239.

Mixing of stratified, quiescent waters is mimicked by a brief daily stirring of enclosed water columns in order to determine the fate of large cell phytoplankton with rapid sinking rates. It is concluded that stirring increases the survival of large cell phytoplankton, influences species composition and hastens equilibrium. Institute of Marine Resources, University of California, San Diego, La .lolla, Calitornia, U.S.A. (smm)

79:670 Gieskes, W. W. C. and G. ~'. Kraay, 1977,

Continuous plankton records: changes in the plankton of the North Sea and its eutrophic Southern Bight from 1948 to 1975. Neth. J, Sea Res., 11(3/4): 334-364.

Plankton records from 1948 to 1975 are reviewed to determine if the nutrient enriched waters of the Southern Bight of the North Sea (into which the rivers Meuse, Scheldt, Thames, and Rhine flow) influence productivity. Noting the uniformity of long-term variability, the authors observe that human activities do not appear to be immediately associated with

changes in zooplankton and phytoplankton abundance. Netherlands Institute for Sea Research, Texel, The Netherlands. (smm)

79:671 Gilmartin, Malvern and Noelia Revelante, 1978.

The phytoplankton characteristics of the barrier island lagoons of the Gulf of California. Estuar. coast, mar. Sci.. 7(1): 29-47.

Knowledge of the phytoplankton characteristics of the Gulf of California lagoons is augmented b~ this comparative study. Primary production characteristics indicate that the lagoons markedly influence the inshore waters of the east central Gulf. Positive correlations exist between lagoon fushing rates, nutrients, chlorophyll a biomass and primary production, and between lagoon assimilation numbers and temperature. Data is also provided for species distribution, diversity, dominance and ratios of nannoplankton ~o microplankton. Includes species lists. Center for Marine Studies, Universit~ of Maine, Orono, Maine 04473, U.S.A. (smf)

79:672 Herbland, A., 1978. The soluble fluorescence in

the open sea: distribution and ecological significance in the equatorial Atlantic Ocean. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 32(3): 275-284.

Vertical distribution of soluble fluorescence, in-vivo fluorescence, chlorophyll a and phaephytin in typical tropical oceanic and upwelling regions is compared. Low values of the percentage of soluble fluorescence indicate healthy phytoplankton; high values indicate conditions unfavorable for phytoplankton growth. Centre de Recherches Oceanographiques, B.P.V. 18, ORSTOM, Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire. (izs)

79:673 Kennedy, G. R., 1978. Plankton in the Fitzrov

Estuary, Queensland. Proc. R. Soc. Qd, 89: 29-37.

Plankton was examined from the entire horizontal salinity gradient of the Fitzro~ River Estuary, Queensland. Species present were compared wiih those found in a previous survey when hydrological conditions were different. The role of flood refuges in estuaries in the distribution and maintenance of estuarine species is considered. Capricorn~a Institute of Advanced Education, Rockhampton, Australia.

79:674 Kre.~, J,, B. Babenerd und J. Lenz, 1978. Beo-

bachtungen zur Produktionsbiologie des Plank- tons in der Kieler Bucht: 1957-1975. i. Daten- band. [Observations on the biological production of plankton in Kiel Bight: 1957-1975.


I. Data volume. I Ber. Inst. Meeresk. Christian- Albrechts Univ., 54:113 pp.

Physical and environmental factors were observed during monthly plankton hauls over a 19-year period in the Kiel Bight of the western Baltic Sea. The standing stock is discussed in relation to temperature, salinity, oxygen, phosphorus, seston, protein, chlorophyll a, particulate organic carbon, nitrogen, caloric content, and dry weights. (smm)

79:675 Landry, M. R., 1978. Population dynamics and

production of a planktonic marine copepod, Acartia clausii, in a small temperate lagoon on San Juan Island, Washington. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 63( 1): 77-119.

Laboratory. experiments and time-series sampling of the field population of Acartia clausii in a temperate lagoon are coordinated to provide information on development, growth, fecundity, and mortality, it is determined that the seasonal abundance cycle is regulated by predation of the dominant fish species of the lagoon, the three-spined stickleback. Department of Oceanograph,,, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, U.S.A. (smm)

79:676 Lannergren, Christer, 1978. Phytoplankton pro-

duction at two stations in Lindaspollene, a Nor- wegian land-locked fjord, and limiting nutrients studied by two kinds of bio-assays. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr.. 63(1): 57-75.

Descriptive analyses of nitrate, phosphate and silicate contents, chlorophyll a, pbytoplankton numbers and composition as well as in-situ and laboratory nutrient- production bioassays were performed to determine the effects of wastewater effluent on ph,,toplankton production. Nitrogen was the limiting nutrient at both stations: no consistent biological differences existed between stations. Institute of Marine Biology, Blomsterdalen, Norway. (izs)

79:677 Parsons, T. R., P. J. Harrison and R. Waters, 1978,

An experimental simulation of changes in diatom and flagellate blooms. J. exp. mar. Biol. Ecol., 32(3): 285-294.

The sequence of events from a diatom to a flagellate bloom was simulated in a large seawater enclosure and controlled by light and nutrients. The results indicate that diatom growth can be manipulated to occur under specific conditions of light intensit~ and nutrient concentrations, and is more rapid than that of the flagellates. The importance of this experiment to the study of food chain ecology in the sea is discussed. Institute of Oceanography, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, B.C., Canada.

6. Microbiology (bacteria, fungi, etc.

79:678 Norkrans, B. and B. O. Stehn, 1978. Sediment

bacteria in the deep Norwegian Sea. Mar. Biol., 47(3): 201-209.

Viable counts of sediment bacteria collected from nine stations in the deep Norwegian Sea during the joint French-Swedish Expedition (NORBI) in 1975 revealed a third of the population to be ps?, chrophiles. The abilit~ to degrade organic matter was correlated with optimum growth temperature, kipol~tic activit~ predominated. The bacterial composition of the Norwegian deep basins and the Greenland deep basins are compared. Department of Marine Microbiology, Uni~ersit 3 ofG6teborg. G6teborg, Sweden. (smm)

79:679 Stacey, Gary, Chase Van Baalen and F. R. Tabita,

1977. Isolation [from the Texas Gulf coast] and characterization of a marine Anabaena sp. capable of rapid growth on molecular nitrogen. Arch. Microbiol., 114: 197-201.

Anabaena CA, exhibiting a high growth rate on atmospheric nitrogen and the highest reported in-vivo acetylene reduction rate for a cyanobacterium, shows potential as a test organism for studies of nitrogen metabolism and heterocvst development in cyanobacteria. Department of Microbiology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, U.S.A. (izs)

7. Bottom fauna and flora ~including attached coastal formsl

79:680 Allen, Ralph and R. S. Roda, 1977. Benthonic foram-

inifera from La Have Estuan [Nova Scotia[. Marit. Sed., 13(2): 67-72.

Distributions of the five most numerous benthic foraminifera in this "transitional" estuar~ are used to define the upper estuarine and transitional fauna assemblage zones. Department of Geolog.~, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada. (smf)

79:68 I Niering, W. A., R. S. Warren and C. G. Weymouth,

1977. Our dynamic tidal marshes: vegetation changes as revealed by peat analysis. Bull. Conn. Arbor., 22: 12 pp. Connecticut College, New London, Connecticut, U.S.A.


79:682 Saloman, C. H. and S. P. Naughton, 1978. Benthic

macroinvertebrates inhabiting the swash zone of Panama City Beach, Florida. NE Gulf Sci., 2( I ): 65-72.

The distribution and abundance of benthic macroinvertebrates in the swash zone is reported to assess the influence of man-made factors affecting population fluctuations. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southeast Fisheries Center, Panama City Laboratory, 3500 Delwood Beach Road, Panama City, Florida 32407, U.S.A. (smm)

79:683 Taghon, G. L., R. F. L. Self and P. A. Jumars, 1978.

Predicting particle selection by deposit feeders: a model and its implications. Lirnnol. Oceanogr.. 23(4): 752-759.

A deposit-feeding model, derived from a filter-feeding model, can be used to predict net energy gain maximization behavior, metabolism, particle selection, and energy expenditure relationships. Department of Oceanography, Universit~ of Washington, Seattle 98195, U.S.A. (izs)

79:684 Withers, R. G. and C. H. Thorp, 1978. The macro-

benthos inhabiting sandbanks in Langstone Harbour, Hampshire. J. nat. Hist., 12(4): 445-455.

In order to complement data on macrofauna of muddy and muddy-sand areas, observations from the sands of kangstone Harbour are presented. The frequency of occurrence and maximum density are recorded for the forty-nine species observed. Exposure differences appear to influence diversity and abundance: greater shelter results in greater diversity. It is noted that these findings are similar to those from comparable sandbanks elsewhere. Portsmouth Polytechnic, Marine Laboratory, Ferry Road, Hayling Island, Hampshire P011 0DG, England. (smm)

79:685 Woodin, S. A., 1978. Refuges, disturbance, and

community structure: a marine soft-bottom ex- ample. Ecology', 59(2): 274-284.

Disturbance constitutes a significant mortality source in many assemblages. Abundance and infaunal species richness are positively correlated with the presence of Diopatra cuprea tubes (biologically generated refuges). Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of several types of spatial and temporal refuges. Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 21218, U.S.A. (izs)

8. Ecology and control of marine fouling organisms and borers

79:686 Sutherland, J. P., 1978. Functional roles of Schizo-

porella and Styela in the fouling community at Beaufort, North Carolina. Ecology, 59(2): 257-264.

Direct experimentation was used to determine the relationship between structure and function in Schizoporella unicornis, an encrusting brvozoan and Styela plicata, a solitary tunicate, by removing them from developing communities. It was observed that both species excluded other species from the communit~ when dense. However, Schizoporella larvae were unable to invade space occupied by other species while Styela larvae could. Duke University Marine Laboratory, Beaufort, North Carolina 28516, U.S.A. (smm)

10. Nekton (molluscs, fish and fisheries, rep- tiles and mammals)

79:687 Belman, B. W., 1978. Respiration and the effects of

pressure on the mesopelagic vertically migrating squid Histioteuthis heteropsis. Limnol. Ocean- ogr., 23(4): 735-739. 113 26th St., Newport Beach, California 92663, U.S.A.

79:688 Bryden, M. M., 1978. Whales and whaling in

Queensland waters. (Review.) Proc. R. Soc. Qd, 89: v-xviii.

The past and present status of whales, the rise and fall of commercial whaling, the general biology of Cetacea, and the protection of whales are considered as they relate to Queensland. Two color photographs, 5 black and white photographs. School of Anatomy, University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia. (izs)

79:689 Chaigneau, Jean, 1978. L'organe de Bellonci des

Crustac6s: historique et ~tat actuel des con- naissances. I Organ of Bellonci in crustaceans: history and actual state of our knowledge. I Archs Zool. exp. gdn., 119(1): 185-199. Two illus. Laboratoire de Biologic Animale, Universit6 de Poitiers ERA no. 230, Physiologie et Gen~tique des Crustac6s, 40, avenue du Recteur-Pineau, 86022 Poitiers Cedex, France.

79:690 Estes, J. A. and J. R. Gilbert, 1978. Evaluation of an

aerial survey of Pacific walruses (Odobenus ros-


marus divergens). J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 35(8): 1130-1140.

An aerial survey of Pacific walruses (Odobenus rosmarus divergens) was evaluated to assess its accuracy in estimating population abundance. Estimates on separate days varied by orders of magnitude. The coefficient of variation ranged from 0.25 to 0.99, and it is concluded that limited aerial surveys have little reliability. National Fish and Wildlife Laboratory, Center for Coastal Marine Studies, Applied Sciences Building, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. (smm)

79:691 Fischer, W., 1976. The FAO species identification

sheets programme: a common task for ichthy- ologists and fishery workers. Revue Trav. Inst. Pbches marit., 40(3/4): 568-569.

A s~stem for fish identification is described (sets of illustrative and descriptive sheets for individual species and families, plus indices) which is expected to benefit both fisheries workers and taxonomists. Identification sheets are available for species in the Mediterranean and Black seas, east Indian Ocean and west central Pacific. Sheets for other areas are planned or now in progress. F.A.O., via delle q'erme di Caracalla, 00100 Roma, Italy. (smf)

79:692 Grobecker, D. B. and T. W. Pietsch, 1978.

Second specimen of the rare deep-sea angler- fish Oneirodes macronema (Oneirodidae). Copeia, 1978(3): 547-548.

O. macronema has been described from a single female specimen collected in the Caribbean. Discovery of another specimen off the Hawaiian Islands indicates a broad distribution. Two illustrations. Department of Biology, California State University, Long Beach, California 90840, U.S.A. (izs)

79:693 Heinsohn, G. E., R. J. Lear, M. M. Bryden,

Helene Marsh and B. R. Gardner, 1978. Discovery of a large population of dugongs off Brisbane. Australia. Environ. Conserv., 5(2): 91-92.

A population of Dugong dugong is reported in Moreton Bay, Australia. Three hundred individuals were observed during 16 monthly surveys between 1976 and 1977. Many large animals and calves suggest that the population is stable or increasing. It is pointed out that while the animal is vulnerable to extinction, populations may recover if exploitation is prevented and feeding grounds are left undisturbed.

Department of Zoology, James Cook University, Townsville. Queensland 481 I, Australia. (smm)

79:694 Kambe, T., 1978. The dynamics of carangiform

swimming motions. J. Fluid Mech., 87(3): 533-560.

The passive response of the anterior part of carangiform swimmers and the fishes' turning maneuvers are described mathematically. Vortex sheets shed from trailing edges increase energ3 loss due to yawing oscillations but contribute to the directional stability of rectilinear motion. Department of Applied Science, Facult\ of Engineering, Kvushu University, Fukuoka 812, Japan. (izs)

79:695 Le Boeuf, B. J. and B. R. Mate, 1978. Elephant seals

colonize additional Mexican and Californian islands. J. Mammal.. 59(3): 621-622.

Protected by the Mexican and United States governments, the northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris) population has increased from 13,000 in 1957 to 48,000 in 1976. In 1976, the seals bred on 9 islands. More recently, aerial surveys revealed pups on 3 additional islands. It is expected that these colonies will expand rapidly. Crown College, University of California, Santa Cruz, California 95064, U.S.A. (smm)

79:696 Levenson, Coleman and W. T. Leapley, 1978.

Distribution of humpback whales (Megaptera novaeangliae) in the Caribbean determined by a rapid acoustic method. J. Fish. Res. Bd Can., 35(8): 1150-1152.

Solitary sonobuoys deployed from aircraft supplemented b~ visual observations are shown to offer a rapid method of determining synoptic mammal distributions. Multiple sonobuoy arrays allow quantitative estimates of species with distinctive vocalizations. In an eastern Caribbean area of 22,000 km 2 (January, 1973) these techniques indicated a minimum of 119 humpbacks. Naval Ocean Research and Development Activity, NSTL Station, Mississippi 39529, U.S.A. (fcs)

79:697 Lu, C. C., 1977. A new species of squid, Chiro-

teuthis acanthoderma, from the Southwest Pacific (Cephalopoda, Chiroteuthidae). Steenstrupia, 4(16): 179-188. Figs. include 24 drawings. Department of Biology, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada.


79:698 Tesch, F.-W., 1978. Telemetric observations on

the spawning migration of the eel (Anguilla anguilla) west of the European continental shelf. Environ. Biol. Fish., 3(2): 203-209.

Five silver eels (A nguilla anguilla L.) were tagged with ultrasonic transmitters and tracked in a study of migration patterns. Results indicate that a compass course, possibly dependent on the geomagnetic field, may be involved. Biologische Anstalt Helgoland (Zentrale), D 2000 Hamburg 50, Federal Republic of Germany. (swm)

79:699 Winn, H. E. and L. K. Winn, 1978. The song of the

humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae in the West Indies. Mar. Biol., 47(2): 97-114. Figures include sonograms. Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, Rhode Island, U.S.A.

1 !. Birds

79:700 Brooke, R. K., 1978. The Catharacta skuas

(Aves: Laridae) occurring in South African waters. Durban Mus. Novit., 11(18): 295-308. Two illus. P.F.I.A.O., University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa.

79:701 Coulson, John and Patricia Monaghan, 1978.

Herring gulls move into town. New Scient.. 79(1116): 456-458.

Urban nesting of herring gulls in Britain has increased greatly in recent years in response to a gull population explosion. Control measures have been ineffective; success probably depends on the actual removal of adult birds. Department of Zoology, University of Durham, England. (smf)

79:702 Finch, D. W., W. C. Russell and E. V. Thompson,

1978. Pelagic birds in the Gulf of Maine: a report on observations from the ferry M. V, Bluenose with extensive notes on identification. !1. Am. Birds, 32(3): 281-294.

Field observations and identification notes are given for species of Phalaropodidae, Stercorariidae, Laridae, Sterninae and Alcidae sighted between 1966 and 1975 at various seasons. Twenty-two black and white photographs. South Road, East Kingston, New Hampshire 03827, U.S.A. (smf)

79:7113 Veit, R. R., 1978. Some observations of south polar

skuas (Catharacta maccormicki) on Georges Bank [northwest Atlantic]. Am. Birds, 32(3): 300-302. Five black and white photographs. 611 Massachusetts Ave., Lexington, Massachu- setts 02173, U.S.A.

12. General biological and ecological studies and surveys

79:704 Alveal, Krisler ~ Hector Romo, 1977. Estudios de.

distribucion vertical de la biota costera en el Seno de Reloncavi, Chile. [Studies on the ~ertical distribution of coastal biota in Seno de Reloncavi, Chile. I Gayana, (Misc.)7:28 pp.

Taxonomic and ecological studies of the flora and fauna of the coast of Chile have revealed four patterns of zonation. Type of substrata and tidal currents may be factors influencing diversitv. Zonation patterns are compared with previous work done in the same region. Departamento de Biologia Marina y Oceanografia, Universidad de Concepci6n, Chile. (smm)

79:705 Costa, Rodolfo and P. M. Bisol, 1978. Genetic vari-

abilit.~ in deep-sea [invertebrate] organisms. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 155(I): 125-133.

Gel electrophoresis studies of four invertebrates from the intermittentl~ unstable Rockall Trough (Shetland- Faeroe Channel) area indicate an absence of correlation between polymorphism and environmental stability. Adaptive strategies appear to differ phyleticall3, lstituto di Biologia Animale. Universita di Padova, Via Loredan 10, Padova. Italx. (izs)

79:706 Moshiri, G. A., W. G. Crumpton and D. A. Blaylock,

1978. Algal metabolites and fish kills in a bayou estuary [ Bayou Texar. Pensacola, Fla. ]: an alternative explanation to the low dissolved oxygen controversy. J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 50(8): 2043-2046.

Fish mortality induced by algal toxins rather than by DO stress is suggested based on the simultaneous occurrence of an extensive Gymnodiniurn bloom with the August 1972 Bayou Texar fish kill. University of West Florida, Pensacola, Florida, U.S.A. (izs)


79:707 Osman, R. W., 1978. The influence of seasonality

and stability on the species equilibrium. Ecology, 59(2): 383-399.

The ability of an immigration extinction model to account for spatial and temporal patterns of species diversity in a marine epifaunal community is investigated. The model, allowing immigration to fluctuate seasonally, predicts high summer species diversity and low winter diversity. Species equilibrium theory is a fairly robust model and appears reliable for predicting diversity changes in sessile invertebrates attached to rocks. Species lists. M RC Research Center, 533 Stevens Avenue, Solana Beach, California 92075. U.S.A. (izs)

79:708 Ringelberg, J. and K. Kersting, 1978. Properties of

an aquatic micro-ecosystem. I. General intro- duction to the prototypes. Arch. Hydrobiol., 83(1): 47-68.

To overcome the short lifetime, extreme population fluctuations and extermination inherent in most experimental micro-ecosystems, new systems were developed consisting of three trophic levels with high remineralization and nutrient recycling which exhibited no essential changes in biological or chemical composition over three years. (izs)

79:711 Silvert, William and Trevor Platt, 1978. Energy flux

in the pelagic ecosystem: a time-dependent equation. Lirnnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 813-816.

Based on empirical relationships for the weight dependence of metabolism and growth, a time- dependent equation representing the pelagic biomass spectrum is developed. Marine Ecology Laboratory, Bedford Institute of Oceanography, Dartmouth, Nova Scotia B2Y 4A2. (izs)

79:712 Walsh, J. J., T. E. Whitledge, F. W. Barvenik,

C. D. Wirick, S. O. Howe, W. E. Esaias and J. T. Scott, 1978. Wind events and food chain dynamics within the New York Bight. Limnol. Oceanogr., 23(4): 659-683.

When storm effects on food chain dynamics were measured during 20 cruises (1974-77), it was found that: (1) storm-induced mixing and nitrogen upwelling may satisfy > 35% of the productivity demand of this system; (2) interaction of storms and seasonal water stratification suggests that the structure and frequency of chlorophyll distribution are predictable across the shelf: and (3) the latter may influence herbivore survival strategy and loci of energy transfer to the rest of the food chain. Oceanographic Sciences Division, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973, U.S.A. (smf)

79:709 Schall, J. J. and E. R. Pianka, 1978. Geographical

trends in numbers of [terrestrial] species. Science, 201(4357): 679-686. Department of Zoology, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720, U.S.A.

79:710 Schoener, A., E. R. Long and J. R. DePalma, 1978.

Geographic variation in artificial island colonization curves. Ecology, 59(2): 367-382.

The first year's colonization of identical substrates in shallow North Atlantic and North Pacific tropical, subtropical, temperate and subarctic areas is compared. In most cases, an initial inverse relationship between latitude and species numbers accumulating on the fouling panels exist but equilibrium numbers at all localities appear to converge on similar values. Colonization curves are, therefore, more peaked in species rich regions. The paper includes species lists. Department of Oceanography, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195, U.S.A. (izs)

13. Biological effects of pollution, uptake and accumulation of elements, etc.

79:713 Biesiadka, Eugeniusz, Krzysztof Kasprzak

and Jerzy Kolasa, 1978. Effects of artificial rise of temperature on stagnant waters and their bio- cenoses. Int. Revue ges. Hydrobiol. Hydrogr., 63(1): 41-56.

Temperature increases from cooling condensers of power plants are discussed in relation to the responses of several taxonomic groups. A review of the literature and theoretical interpretations are synthesized in an attempt to give a general model of biological changes in an environment under artificial heating pressure. Institute of Ecology, Department of Agrobiology, Polish Academy of Sciences, Poznari, Poland. (smm)

79:714 Boney, A. D., 1978. Marine algae as collectors of

iron ore dust. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(7): 175-180.

The uptake of iron ore dust by marine algae is reported. Thallus morphology has been determined to


control the quantity of particulate iron compounds taken up by the algae. It is suggested that marine algae can be used as indicators of ore dust pollution of seawater. Department of Botany, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G I2 8QQ, Scotland. (smm)

79:715 Cardwell, R. D., C. E. Woelke, M. I. Carr and

Eugene Sanborn, 1978. Variation in toxicity tests of bivalve mollusc larvae as a function of termina- tion technique. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxi- col., 20(1 ): 128-134.

The bivalve embryo acute toxicity test procedure is considered with emphasis o n potential solution to subsampling errors and the relative sensitivits and precision of mortality criteria. Elimination of the filtration step and reporting of the toxicant effects on mortality, as well as abnormality, are recommended. Washington Department of Fisheries, Pt. Whitney Shellfish Laboratory, Brinnon, Washington 98320, U.S.A. (izs)

79:716 D'Silva, Classy and T. W. Kureishy, 1978.

Experimental studies on the accumulation of copper and zinc in the green mussel. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(7): 187-190.

A report on the toxic effects of copper and zinc on Mytilus viridis is presented. The rates of accumulation are determined by atomic absorption spectrometry. The potential of Mytilus as an indicator of metals pollution is discussed. National Institute of Oceanography, Dona Paula -403004, Goa, India. (smm)

79:717 Harbo, R. M. and I. K. Birtwell, 1978. Mercury con-

tamination of some marine organisms [fish, crustaceans, molluscs] from Howe Sound, British Columbia. Fish. mar. Serv. tech. Rept, Can., 763:49 pp.

In spite of a reduction in daily mer~:ury effluent of a chlor-alkali plant from 9000 g in 1970 to 40 g in 1975, mercury contamination in marine animals has persisted. Mobilization of mercur~ from sediments may be a contributing tactor. Water Quality Division, Habitat Protection Unit, Resource Services Branch, Fisheries and Marine Service, Department of Fisheries and the Environment, 1090 West Pender St., Vancouver. British Columbia, V6E 2PI, Canada. (smm)

flagellate, Exuviella baltica, Lohmann. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 20(1): 1-8.

Chlordane and heptachlor are shown to affect the growth of the marine dinoflagellate Exuviella baltica. 50 ug/I of either compound not only reduced cell density and chlorophyll a in cultures, but reduced carbon-14 uptake and carbon fixation rates. Chlordane caused cell lysis whereas heptachlor did not. Cell size distribution in the algal population was also affected. Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York 11794, U.S.A. (smm)

79:719 Mirkes, D. Z., W. B. Vernberg and P. J. DeCoursey,

1978. Effects of cadmium and mercury on the behavioral responses and development of Eury- panopeus depressus larvae. Mar. Biol., 47(2): 143-147.

Temperature, salinity, and photoperiod were closely monitored in a flowthrough system in which larvae of the estuarine mud crab Eurypanopeus depressus were reared in the presence of 10 ppb cadmium or 1.8 ppb mercury. Increased development times, increased swimming rates, and increased mortality occurred in cadmium exposed individuals and depressed swimming rates occurred in individuals exposed to mercury. Belle W. Baruch Institute for Marine Biology and Coastal Research, The University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina, U.S.A. (smm)

79:720 Myklestad, Sverre, lngvar Eide and Sigurd Melsom,

1978. Exchange of heavy metals in Ascophyllum nodosum (L.) Le Jol. in-situ by means of transplanting experiments. Environ. Pollut., 16(4): 277-284.

Extra-cellular negatively charged polysaccharides in brown algae act as ion exchange material to bind heavy metals to the polyanionic sites. The rate of ion exchange processes and response to change in environmental concentration was investigated by transplanting Ascophyllum nodosum from an area of high metal concentration to an area of low concentration. Heavy metal distribution in the alga shows a definite pattern according to age, and changes in environmental concentration can be traced. Institute of Marine Biochemistry, University of Trondheim, N-7034 Trondheim-NTH, Norway. (bwt)

79:718 Magnani, Barbarajean, C. D. Powers, C. F. Wurster

and H. B. O'Connors Jr., 1978. Effects of chlordane and heptachlor on the marine dino-

79:721 O'Connors, H. B. Jr., C. F. Wurster, C. D. Powers,

D. C. Biggs and R. G. Rowland, 1978. Polychlorinated biphenyls may alter marine


trophic pathways by reducing phytoplankton size and production. Science, 201(4357): 737-739.

Phytoplankton biomass and relative abundance of large and small plankters are two factors which can determine the transfer of energy through the marine food web. Measurements of C-14 assimilation, chlorophyll a synthesis and species composition indicate that concentrations of I to 10 ug of polychlorinated biphenyls detrimentally affect natural phytoplankton populations by reducing plankton size and biomass. Marine Sciences Research Center, State University of New York, Stony Brook 11794, U.S.A. (bwt)

79:722 Rozhanskaja, L. I., N. V. Demina and A. V. Parkho-

menko, 1978. Effect of some chemical agents on accumulation of P-32 and Zn-65 by the Black Sea macrophytes. (In Russian; English abstract.) Gidrobiol. Zh., 14(3): 91-93.

79:723 Saenko, G. N., Y. Y. Kravtsova, V. V. Ivanenko

and S. 1. Sheludko, 1978. Concentration of iodine and bromine by plants in the seas of Japan and Okhotsk. Mar. Biol., 47(3): 243-250.

Seaweeds are a possible source of the medically essential elements iodine and bromine. The iodine and bromine contents in 24 species of red, brown, and green seaweed from the Sea of Japan and the Sea of Okhotsk were measured. Phaeophyta and Rhodophyta were the richest in these elements. Seaweeds from greater depths and from more northern latitudes also showed increased concentrations. Institute of Chemistry, Far East Science Centre, Academy of Sciences of the USSR, Vladivostok, U.S.S.R. (bwt)

79:724 Sivalingam, P. M., 1978. Biodeposited trace metals

and mineral content studies of some tropical marine algae. Botanica mar., 21(5): 327-330.

In pollution studies, the analysis of trace components can be simplified if a concentrating mechanism is found. Concentrations of trace metals in the waters of Penang Island, Malaysia were very low, yet some algal species were found to have accumulated levels which are normally observed only in polluted areas. It is proposed that certain tropical algal species could be used as indicator organisms for pollution studies. School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia. (bwt)

79:725 Tagatz, M. E., J. M. lvey, H. K. Lehman and

J. L. Oglesby, 1978. Effects of a lignosulfonate- type drilling mud on development of experimental

estuarine macrobenthic communities. NE Gulf Sci., 2(1): 35-42.

Estuarine communities developed from planktonic larvae in aquaria were exposed to various concentrations of drilling mud; individual numbers and species occurrence were reduced. It was concluded that natural colonization of substrata could be adversely affected by discharge of large amounts of drilling mud at test levels. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Research Lab,,)rator~, Gulf Breeze, Florida 32561, U.S.A. (smf)

79:726 Thorhaug, A., N. Blake and P. B. Schroeder, 1978.

The effect of heated effluents from power plants on seagrass [Thalassial communities quantitatively comparing estuaries in the subtropics to the tropics. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 9(7): 181 - 187.

Seagrass-dominated estuaries in the tropics, on the border between tropics and subtropics, and in the central subtropics are compared for their tolerance to heated effluents from power plants. Increases in temperature of I to 5C ° over the summer mean of 30°C causes damage ranging from minimal disturbance to complete denuding of the Thalassia communiD. It is suggested that the tropics have a lower tolerance to man's activities than does the temperate zone. Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Miami. Miami, Florida 33149, U.S.A. (smm)

79:727 Vicente, N. et D. Chabert, 1978. Recherches de

polluants chimiques dans le tissu graisseux d'un dauphin 6choue sur la cote m6diterraneenne. I Chemical pollutants in blubber tissue of a dolphin aground on the Mediterranean coast. I Oceanol. Acta, 1(3): 331-334.

Various pollutants including heavy metals and organics were measured in the blubber of a dolphin stranded on the French Mediterranean coast. It is suggested that the high concentrations of organochlorines and polychlorinated biphenyls were the cause of death of the animal. Laboratoire de Biologic Marine, Facult6 des Sciences et Techniques de Saint-Jer6me, 13013 Marseille, France. (bwt)

14. Cultures, rearing experiments and aquaculture

79:728 Askew, C. G., 1978. A generalized growth and


mortality model for assessing the economics of bivalve culture. Aquaculture, 14(2): 91-104.

An economic model, based on size-related generalized trends of growth and mortality rates, is applied to Ostrea edulis and Crassostrea gigas. The model can project potential gross revenues against time and monitor variations in growth performances. Marine Resources Research Unit, Portsmouth Polytechnic, Portsmouth, Great Britain. (izs)

order to revegetate denuded mangrove areas is discussed. In the technique of root production by air layering, moisture retention is the only limiting factor. It is also noted that little damage to existing mangroves occurs because lateral buds replace branches and leaves which are lost. Florida Department of Natural Resources, Marine Research Laboratory, St. Petersburg, Florida 33701, U.S.A. (smm)

79:729 Fisher, W. S., E. H. Nilson, J. F. Steenbergen and

D. V. Lightner, 1978. Microbial diseases of cultured lobsters: a review. Aquaculture, 14(2): 115-140. Figs. incl. 25 photographs and SEM micrographs; ca. 75 refs. University of California, Bodega Marine Laboratory, Bodega Bay, California 94923, U.S.A.

79:730 Simon, C. M., 1978. The culture of the diatom

Chaetoceros gracilis and its use as a food for penaeid protozoeal larvae. Aquaculture, 14(2): 105-113.

The marine diatom Chaetoceros gracilis is used successfully as the sole food source in some shrimp larvae ( Penaeus stylirostris and P. vannamei) cultures. Forty cubic-meter hatchery tanks, maintained at 28°-30°C, allow for vigorous growth of the algae. Methods for controlling algal densities and preventing larval mortality during blooms are described. The Oceanic Institute, Makapuu Point, Waimanalo, Hawaii 96795, U.S.A. (smm)

79:731 Skulberg, O. M. et al., 1976/78. Symposium:

experimental use of algal cultures in limnology Iheldat] Sandetjord, Norway, October 26-28, 1976. (53 papers.) Mitt. int. Verein. theor. angew. Limnol., 21 : 607 pp.

Topics considered include algal nutrient deficiencies, selenium as a micronutrient, toxicity thresholds, algal assav classification of natural waters and the role of water quality in species succession. Norwegian Institute for Water Research, P.O. Box 333-Blindern, Oslo 3, Norway. (izs)

15. Miscel laneous

79:732 Carlton, J. M. and M. D. Moffler, 1978. Propagation

of mangroves by air-layering. Environ. Conserv., 5(2): 147-150.

An alternative to costly and time-consuming planting of propagules or transplanting of older specimens in

F. General

3. Interdisciplinary apparatus, methods, mathematical and statistical techniques

79:733 Ayres, J. E., 1977. ARGO--a new Inavigation]

system for offshore surveys. Mar. Geod., 1(2): 147-154.

A mobile, shore-based, range-range electronic navigation system (Automatic Ranging Grid Overlay) for hydrographic surveys can position up to eight users simultaneously on a single frequency, for ranges out to 400 mi. Its performance in a joint U.S.-U.K. survey is discussed. U.S. Naval Oceanographic Office, Washington, D.C., U.S.A. (smf)

79:734 Carson, R. M. and J. H. Simpson (comments),

and A. C. Mortensen (reply), 1978. [Discussion of] 'Design considerations of wing stabilized free fall vehicles'. Deep-Sea Res., 25(6): 577-582.

79:735 Chess, J. R., 1978. An airlift sampling device for

in-situ collecting of biota from rocky substrata. Mar. Tech. Soc. J., 12(3): 20-23.

A diver-operated, air-water vacuum system for quantitative sampling of rocky-bottom organisms is described. U.S. National Marine Fisheries Service, Southwest Fisheries Center, Tiburon, California, U.S.A. (smf)

79:736 Daillet, S., 1978. Determination par observation

des trajectoires de satellites artificiels des ondes semi diurnes de la mar6e oc~anique. Appli- cation au calcul de I'acc~h~ration seculaire de la lune. [Determination of oceanic semi- diurnal waves by observing satellite trajectories. Application in the computation of lunar secular acceleration. ] Ann. Geophys., 34(2): 79-87.

Harmonic coefficients for semi-diurnal tides are determined from orbital perturbations of satellites.

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