852 OLR (1,086) 33 (10) 86:5770 Rao, V.P., 1986. Phosphorites from the Error Sea- mount, northern Arabian Sea. Mar. Geol., 71(1- 2):177-186. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India. 86:5771 Schuett, C., J.L. Zelibor Jr. and R.R. Colwell, 1986. Role of bacterial plasmids in manganese oxida- tion: evidence for plasmid--encoded heavy metal resistance. Geomicrobiol. J., 4(4):389-406. Examination of forty-seven manganese-oxidizing strains from Pacific and Mediterranean nodule, sediment, and seawater samples yielded twenty-two Pseudomonas strains and seven unidentified species carrying single plasmids, of which one (Pseudomonas strain 57) was cured and found to harbor a plasmid (pZP1) of approximately 9 Mdal, and to be capable of enzymatic manganese oxidation. Resistance to manganese and copper may be associated with this plasmid. Max-Planck, Inst. for Limnol., P.O. Box 165, 232 Plon, FRG. (gsb) D360. Books, collections (general) 86:5772 Cruickshank, Michael and William Siapno (guest editors), 1985. Marine mineral resources. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 19(4):3-67; 11 papers. A brief historical overview introduces the thematic papers which discuss the five categories of marine mineral deposits, potential mineral and.energy sources at plate boundaries, the status "and future of marine mining in Canada, technological advances in nodule mining, economic potential of high cobalt manganese crusts, conceptual approaches to seabed mining technology, environmental considerations for mining the Gorda Ridge, processing metalliferous sulfides for the marketplace, and prospects for the U.S. phosphate industry. USGS, Reston, VA, USA. (msg) 86:5773 Zhivago, A.V. and O.G. Sorokhtin (eds.), 1985. Geomorphology and tectonics of the ocean floor. Trudy Inst, Okeanok P. P. Shirshova, 121:5-186; 15 papers. (In Russian, English abstract.) Several papers discuss the geomorphology of various regions including the Broken Ridge (West Australian Ridge), Shatsky Rise, Emperor Fracture Zone, South Atlantic MAR, northwest Pacific submarine rises, Pacific seamounts, Agulhas Basin abyssal hills, and western Indian Ocean seamounts. Other contribu- tions describe the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Tethys; the main structural elements of the Pacific seafloor 35 mya; Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic bathymetry of the Atlantic; and the initial stages of seafloor spreading between Australia and Antarctica. One paper discusses the role of hori- zontal and vertical motions in the formation of seafloor topography; another presents a method for measuring absolute depths in seafloor topography studies. (msg) E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY El0. Apparatus and methods 86:5774 Anderson, L.G. et al., 1986. Benthic respiration measured by total carbonate production. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2): 319-329. In-situ fluxes of total carbonate, oxygen, calcium, total alkalinity, nutrients, and sulfide across the sediment-water interface were measured in two diver-operated benthic flux chambers. In one, oxygen and pH were kept constant near ambient levels; in the other, benthic respiration was allowed to deplete oxygen and lower the pH. We found that the flux of total carbonate, corrected for CaCO3 precipitation/dissolution, is a suitable measure of benthic mineralization in sediments where methane production can be neglected. The production rate of total carbonate was not seriously affected as long as the oxygen concentration remained ~ 100/~M. Dept. of Analyt. and Mar. Chem., Chalmers Univ. of Tech., S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden. 86:5775 Bachelet, Guy, 1985. Influence of sieve mesh size on the abundance estimates of marine macrobenthos.
Transcript
852 OLR (1,086) 33 (10)
86:5770 Rao, V.P., 1986. Phosphorites from the Error Sea-
mount, northern Arabian Sea. Mar. Geol., 71(1- 2):177-186. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.
86:5771 Schuett, C., J.L. Zelibor Jr. and R.R. Colwell, 1986.
Role of bacterial plasmids in manganese oxida- tion: evidence for plasmid--encoded heavy metal resistance. Geomicrobiol. J., 4(4):389-406.
Examination of forty-seven manganese-oxidizing strains from Pacific and Mediterranean nodule, sediment, and seawater samples yielded twenty-two Pseudomonas strains and seven unidentified species carrying single plasmids, of which one (Pseudomonas strain 57) was cured and found to harbor a plasmid (pZP1) of approximately 9 Mdal, and to be capable of enzymatic manganese oxidation. Resistance to manganese and copper may be associated with this plasmid. Max-Planck, Inst. for Limnol., P.O. Box 165, 232 Plon, FRG. (gsb)
D360. Books, collections (general) 86:5772
Cruickshank, Michael and William Siapno (guest editors), 1985. Marine mineral resources. Mar. Technol. Soc. J., 19(4):3-67; 11 papers.
A brief historical overview introduces the thematic papers which discuss the five categories of marine
mineral deposits, potential mineral and.energy sources at plate boundaries, the status "and future of marine mining in Canada, technological advances in nodule mining, economic potential of high cobalt manganese crusts, conceptual approaches to seabed mining technology, environmental considerations for mining the Gorda Ridge, processing metalliferous sulfides for the marketplace, and prospects for the U.S. phosphate industry. USGS, Reston, VA, USA. (msg)
86:5773 Zhivago, A.V. and O.G. Sorokhtin (eds.), 1985.
Geomorphology and tectonics of the ocean floor. Trudy Inst, Okeanok P. P. Shirshova, 121:5-186; 15 papers. (In Russian, English abstract.)
Several papers discuss the geomorphology of various regions including the Broken Ridge (West Australian Ridge), Shatsky Rise, Emperor Fracture Zone, South Atlantic MAR, northwest Pacific submarine rises, Pacific seamounts, Agulhas Basin abyssal hills, and western Indian Ocean seamounts. Other contribu- tions describe the Mesozoic and Cenozoic evolution of the eastern Tethys; the main structural elements of the Pacific seafloor 35 mya; Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic bathymetry of the Atlantic; and the initial stages of seafloor spreading between Australia and Antarctica. One paper discusses the role of hori- zontal and vertical motions in the formation of seafloor topography; another presents a method for measuring absolute depths in seafloor topography studies. (msg)
E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY
El0. Apparatus and methods
86:5774 Anderson, L.G. et al., 1986. Benthic respiration
measured by total carbonate production. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31 (2): 319-329.
In-situ fluxes of total carbonate, oxygen, calcium, total alkalinity, nutrients, and sulfide across the sediment-water interface were measured in two diver-operated benthic flux chambers. In one, oxygen and pH were kept constant near ambient levels; in the other, benthic respiration was allowed
to deplete oxygen and lower the pH. We found that the flux of total carbonate, corrected for CaCO 3 precipitation/dissolution, is a suitable measure of benthic mineralization in sediments where methane production can be neglected. The production rate of total carbonate was not seriously affected as long as the oxygen concentration remained ~ 100/~M. Dept. of Analyt. and Mar. Chem., Chalmers Univ. of Tech., S-412 96 Goteborg, Sweden.
86:5775 Bachelet, Guy, 1985. Influence of sieve mesh size on
the abundance estimates of marine macrobenthos.
OLR (198~) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 853
C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. III)301(18):795-798. (In French, English abstract.)
A set of screens with apertures from 2 mm to 63 tLm was used to sort sub- and intertidal samples. A 500 t~m screen is suggested for quantitative surveys, and a 100 ~m screen for population dynamics. Inst. de Biol. mar., Univ. de Bordeaux-I, 33120, Arcachon, France.
86:5776 Connor, E.F. and Daniel Simberloff, 1986. Compe-
tition, scientific method, and null models in ecology. Am. Scient., 74(2): 155-162.
Utilization of a null tested hypothesis and, by extension, a null model (which generates expected distributions based on the assumption of no causal effect) is suggested as the first step in analyzing nonexperimental evidence, such as observations related to the importance of interspecies competition in the Galapagos. Dept. of Environ. Sci., Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA. (gsb)
86:5777 Frithsen, J.B., D.T. Rudnick and P.H. Doering,
1986. The determination of fresh organic carbon weight from formaldehyde preserved macrofaunal samples. Hydrobiologia, 133(3):203-208.
Length-organic carbon weight regressions were determined for the four numerically dominant bivalves in Narragansett Bay, Rhode Island (Nucula annulata, Yoldia fimatula, Mulinia lateralis, and Pandora gouldiana) and one commercially important, but less abundant, species (Mercenaria mercenaria). Constants were determined to convert the dry weight of preserved softbodied organisms (polychaetes, oligochaetes, amphipods, etc.) to fresh (unpreserved) organic carbon weight. Results can be used by investigators studying the energetics of benthic communities similar to those in Narragansett Bay. Mar. Ecosystems Res. Lab., Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882-1197, USA.
86:5778 Gross, M.F. and Vytautas Klemas, 1986. The use of
airborne imaging spectrometer (AIS) data to differentiate marsh vegetation. Remote Sens. Environ., 19(1):97-103. Coll. of Mar. Studies, Univ. of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
86:5779 Hochman, Ayala, Aliza Nissany, David Wynne,
Bina Kaplan and Thomas Berman, 1986. Nitrate reductase: an improved assay method for phy- toplankton. J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):385-392.
A new assay for measuring the activity of nitrate reductase in phytoplankton, based upon the per- meability of cells treated with toluene to substrates and products, is described. In comparison with previous methods, this technique gave higher abso- lute amounts of NO 2 formed per unit time and higher enzymatic activities per sample volume when tested with axenic algal cultures and with natural phytoplankton populations from Lake Kinneret, the River Jordan and the eastern Mediterranean. Dept. of Biochem., Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel.
86:5780 Matsushita, Katsumi, Makoto Shimizu and Yukio
Nose, 1985. An apparatus for continuous sam- pling of surface plankton during a cruise. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 32(2):155-168.
Seawater is raised on board through a flexible duct by the water pressure produced by towing the apparatus at sea surface. Organisms are then collected by filtering the water alternately with two nets. Under experimental conditions, the volume of water sampled was 0.14 m3min t on average, and mechanical damage to the organisms was negligible. Fac. of Agric., Univ. of Tokyo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113, Japan.
86:5781 O'Brien, D.P., D. Tay and P.R. Zwart, 1986.
Laboratory method of analysis of swarming behaviour in macroplankton: combination of a modified flume tank and stereophotographic techniques. Mar. Biol., 90(4):517-527. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Tasmania, Box 252C, GPO, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.
86:5782 Paterson, D.M., R.M. Crawford and Colin Little,
1986. The structure of benthic diatom assem- blages: a preliminary account of the use and evaluation of low-temperature scanning electron microscopy. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(1):279- 289.
Diatom assemblages on the surface of fine estuarine sediments have, for the first time, been examined undisturbed by a novel application of low-temper- ature SEM. The technique allows the visualization of surface diatoms and determination of composition and orientation of the exposed assemblages. In a laboratory experiment, the total number of diatoms counted was similar to that obtained using the standard lens tissue technique. Although identifi- cation was more accurate using the light microscope, many different species could be readily distinguished with low-temperature SEM. Further research using
854 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1086) 33 ( I 0)
low-temperature SEM is briefly outlined. Dept. of Bot., Bristol Univ., Bristol BS8 lUG, UK.
86:5783 Rykiel, E.J. Jr., 1985. Towards a definition of
ecological disturbance. Aust. J. Ecol., 10(3):361- 365.
The terms disturbance, perturbation, and stress have been used in various ecological contexts, often synonymously, inconsistently and ambiguously. Consequently, the meaning of these terms lacks any ecological rigor upon which to construct a coherent theory of ecosystem response to disturbance. Herein are some of the semantic and conceptual problems involved in defining disturbance, perturbation and stress, and proposals of working definitions as a basis for further discussion. Dept. of Range Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843-2126, USA.
86:5784 Tokarev, Yu.N., L.A. Radchenko and V.N. Popovi-
chev, 1985. Utilizing characteristics of biolu- mlnescence for estimating primary production in the ocean. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation of Gidrobiol. Zh.), 21(4): 17-19.
Correlation between luminescence intensity and photosynthesis allows estimation of surface (upper 25 m) primary production at night using bathymetric samples. Inst. of Biol. of the Southern Oceans, Acad. of Sci., UkrSSR, Sevastopol, USSR. (gsb)
86:5785 Walter, C.B., Eric O'Neill and Ralph Kirby, 1986.
'ELISA' as an aid in the identification of fish and molluscan prey of birds in marine ecosystems. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(1):97-102.
A serological technique known as ELISA (enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay) was used to aid identification of visually unidentifiable seabird stomach contents. A series of seabird-prey muscle- protein antisera was established. When these anti- sera were tested against pieces of digested and undigested prey species, the ELISA technique detected the prey from both digested and undigested samples. Percy FitzPatrick Inst. of African Ornithol., Univ. of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa.
86:5786 Wang, Rongliang, 1985. Three--species ecosystems in
a solvable model. J. Shandong Coll. Oceanol., 15(4):89-96. (In Chinese, English abstract.)
A one-prey/two-predator system, a two-prey/one- predator system and a three-step prey-predator food chain are considered. Dept. of Math., Shandong Coll. of Oceanol., People's Republic of China.
E50. General biology, ecology, bioge- ography, etc.
86:5787 Button, D.K., 1986. Comment. Affinity of organisms
for substrate. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):453-456.
The use of growth and transport kinetics, and their relationship to traditional enzyme kinetics, in the study of microbial substrate sequestering activities in aquatic systems is discussed. The usefulness of certain terminology such as apparent-, growth-, and partial affinity, and the importance of determining and rigorously testing specific affinities are dis- cussed. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Alaska, Fair- banks, AK 99775-1080, USA. (gsb)
86:5788 Huston, Michael, 1985. Patterns of species diversity
in relation to depth at Discovery Bay, Jamaica. Bull. mar. Sci., 37(3):928-935. Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., P.O. Box X, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
86:5789 McKenzie, K.G. and A. Moroni, 1986. Man as an
agent of crustacean passive dispersal via useful plants---exemplified by Ostracoda Ospiti esteri of the Italian ricefields ecosystenv--and implications arising therefrom. J. crustacean Biol., 6(2):181- 198. Riverina-Murray Inst. of Higher Ed., Wagga Wagga, NSW 2650, Australia.
86:5790 Price, M.V. et al., 1986. Mechanistic approaches to
the study of natural communities. Symposium, Dec. 1983 Annual Meeting of American Society of Zoologists. Am. Zool., 26(3-4):3-106; 7 papers.
Limitations of pattern analyses and direct exper- imental techniques to unravel community structure and dynamics have led to the use of the mechanistic approach, in which processes operating at the individual or population levels are evaluated for their effects on communities. The six papers and introduction presented here illustrate the approach with several examples and discuss its potential value to community ecology. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Calif., Riverside, CA 92521, USA. (msg)
OLR (h086) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 855
86:5791 Rau, G.H., D.M. Karl and R.S. Carney, 1986. Does
inorganic carbon assimilation cause 14C depletion in deep-sea organisms? Deep-Sea Res., 33(3A): 349-357.
The metabolic activities within and feeding rela- tionships among deep-sea biota require that signif- icant quantities of ~4C-depleted carbon be incor- porated into their biomass. These processes cannot be ignored when interpreting the ~4C abundances of organisms and organic materials in the deep ocean. Tiburon Center for Environ. Studies, San Francisco State Univ., Tiburon, CA 96920, USA.
E80. Plankton (also pr imary productivity, seston and detritus)
86:5792 Aleksandrov, V.V. and L.A. Kutikova, 1985. Con-
nections between diel migration of zooplankton and fluctuations in the Earth's electrical and magnetic fields. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation of Gidrobiol. Zh.), 21(4):59-69.
Zooplankton distributions and abundances are related to the electrical inhomogeneity of the water column and planetary geophysical rhythms. A correlation was found between high plankton con- centrations and negative field gradient anomalies as well as between magnetic disturbances and both zooplanktonic and electrical parameters. Inst. of Zool., USSR Acad. of Sci., Leningrad, USSR. (gsb)
86:5793 Ducklow, H.W., D.A. Purdie, P.J. LeB. Williams
and J.M. Davies, 1986. Bacterioplankton: a sink for carbon in a coastal marine plankton com- munity. Science, 232(4752):865-867.
Results of experiments conducted in an enclosed water column with ~4C-labelled bacterioplankton suggest that these organisms can act as a carbon sink, and that they are more important as nutrient regenerators than as a direct herbivore food source (as proposed in the microbial loop hypothesis). Univ. of Maryland, Horn Point Lab., Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613-0775, USA. (gsb)
86:5794 Egloff, D.A., 1986. Effects of Olisthodiseus luteus on
the feeding and reproduction of the marine rotifer Synehaeta cecilia. J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):263-274. Dept. of Biol., Oberlin Coll., Oberlin, OH 44074, USA.
86:5795 Elser, J.J. and B.L. Kimmel, 1986. Alteration of
phytoplankton phosphorus status during enrich- ment experiments: implications for interpreting nutrient enrichment bioassay results. Hydrobi- ologia, 133(3):217-222.
We compared the results of phosphorus-enrichment bioassay experiments with alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) assays as indicators of phosphorus limitation of in-situ phytoplankton growth. Results of the two methods corresponded in general, al- though contradictory results were not uncommon. Our data support the conclusion that enrichment experiments can indicate the potential for nutrient limitation of algal growth in the absence of other limiting factors, but do not necessarily demonstrate the occurrence of in-situ nutrient limitation of phytoplankton production. Kimmel: Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
86:5796 Fukuoka, Jiro, Yoshio Akiba, Hitoshi Takeda, Luis
Icochea and Noboru Matsuura, 1985. Ocean- ographic advantages for primary production in the northern part of the North Pacific. Bull. Fac. Fish. Hokkaido Univ., 36(3):131-138. (In Japanese, English abstract.)
Differences in oceanographic structure were studied in order to compare primary production in the subpolar zones of the North and South Pacific. In the entire northern North Pacific, steep gradients of water temperature, salinity, density and oxygen are found in summer, but at the subpolar South Pacific these gradients are not steep. In particular, the comparison of density gradients is very remarkable. It seems that from these observations the North Pacific is more suitable for primary production than the South Pacific. Res. Inst. of North Pacific Fish., Hokkaido Univ., Japan.
86:5797 Furuya, Ken, Masayuki Takahashi and Takahisa
Nemoto, 1986. Summer phytoplankton commu- nity structure and growth in a regional upwelling area off Hachijo Island, Japan. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(1):43-55.
Organic carbon abundance of diatoms was markedly enhanced by the upwelling and accounted for 87% of the total phytoplankton carbon. Nitzschia pungens Grunow was numerically most prominent along with Chaetoceros and Rhizosolenia species. Only a small increase was observed in phytoplankton other than diatoms. Division rate of diatoms from the upwelled water was twice that of the other forms, resulting in a
856 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1981b) 33 (10)
shift of community structure to diatom dominance. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Minamidai, Nakano, Tokyo 164, Japan.
86:5798 Gliwicz, M.Z., 1986. Predation and the evolution of
vertical migration in zooplankton. Nature, Lond., 320(6064):746-748.
Nonmigratory and migratory populations of a copepod, Cyclops abyssorum, have been examined in alpine clear-water lakes in the Tatra Mountains of Poland. Diel vertical migrations are not apparent in lakes without predatory fish, whereas short-range migrations are demonstrable in lakes which have been stocked with planktivorous fishes for decades, and long-range migrations are evident in lakes that have been stocked for centuries or millenia. These observations support the view that migratory behav- iour in zooplankton is selected for as a means of evading fish predators. Dept. of Hydrobiol., Univ. of Warsaw, Nowy Swiat 67, 00-046 Warsaw, Poland.
86:5799 Harbison, G.R., V.L. McAlister and R.W. Gilmer,
1986. The response of the saip, Pegea con- foederata, to high levels of particulate material: starvation in the midst of plenty. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):371-382. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
86:5800 Hassel, Arne, 1986. Seasonal changes in zooplankton
composition in the Barents Sea, with special attention to Calanus spp. (Copepoda). J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):329-339. Inst. of Mar. Res., P.O. Box 1870, 5011 Bergen-Nordnes, Norway.
86:5801 Hitchcock, G.L., 1986. Methodological aspects of
time--course measurements of 14C fixation in marine phytoplankton. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 95(3):233-243.
Time-course studies were made in conjunction with productivity measurements to determine: (1) the time required for purging sorbed Ht4CO3 from glass fiber filters, (2) the duration of linearity in HI4CO3 - uptake in several oceanic environments, and (3) the time required for an 'equilibrium' to be established among solvent-extractable and particulate fractions of natural phytoplankton populations. Acidification of sorbed Hn4CO3 - requires a 60-rain period before the sorbed label is reduced to background levels. Measurements of HJ4CO3 - fixation in three NW Atlantic regions (two warm-core rings and the Sargasso Sea) indicated that carbon uptake was linear for at least 4-45 h. The distribution of J4C
showed that an 'equilibrium' was achieved among the various fractions after 1 to 2 h incubation. Nova Univ. Oceanogr. Center, 8000 N. Ocean Dr., Dania, FL 33004, USA.
86:5802 Hutchings, L., 1985. Vertical distribution of meso-
zooplankton at an active upwelling site in the southern Benguela Current, December 1969. Investl Rept, Div. Sea Fish., Repub. S. Afr,, 129:1-67.
86:5803 Iizuka, Shoji, 1985. Results of a survey of maximum
chiorophyil-a concentrations in coastal waters of Japan. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 32(2):169-173. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Fac. of Fish., Nagasaki Univ., 1-14 Bunkyo-cho, Nagasaki 852, Japan.
and Ikuo Nasukawa, 1986. Carbon and nitrogen contents of natural populations of net plankton and individuals of Thysanoessa inermis (Eu- phausiacea) in Ishikari Bay I Japan] and adjacent waters. Sci. Repts Hokkaido Fish, expl Stn, 28:11-23. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Hok- kaido Central Fish. Exper. Sta., Yoichi, Hok- kaido 046, Japan.
86:5805 Lair, N., M. Amanieu, T.L. Hoai and G. Lasserre,
1985. The use of abundance distribution models in the study of zooplankton communities. II. Struc- ture of a subantarctic community. Vie Milieu, 35(2):69-78. (In French, English abstract.)
Analysis of the zooplankton community of the lake Studer 2 (Kerguelen Islands) with biomass as the basis of the functional units shows that it is well balanced. Its organisation is evaluated by compar- ison between theoretical distribution of Motomura, Preston, MacArthur and Mandelbrot's models and observed data. The alternation of egg-laying periods correlated with data fitting Motomura's model; periods where ecological space is filled and the species are distributed according to MacArthur's model show existence of competition between functional units. Lab. de Zool., Univ. de Clermont- Ferrand II, CNRS, BP 45, 63 170 Aubiere, France.
86:5506 Lobel, P.S. and A.R. Robinson, 1986. Transport and
entrapment of fish larvae by ocean mesoscale eddies and currents in Hawaiian waters. Deep-Sea Res., 33(4A):483-500.
OLR (IO86)33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 857
A study of ocean current patterns with associated biological measurements was conducted to ascertain if ocean eddies can transport and retain the plank- tonic larvae of coastal marine animals near islands for sufficient duration to complete the pelagic developmental phase. Our results indicate that (1) the mesoscale eddy/current systems can entrain and entrap larvae from the reefs, (2) sufficient residence time exists for many reef fish species to complete their pelagic development phase, and (3) passive drift of larvae back to reefs is possible, although self-motile mechanisms may be more important. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
86:5807 Lubian, L.M., Rafael Establier, Manuel Yufera and
Rocio Fernandez-Ales, 1985. Studies on the phytoplankton in salt-marshes of C~idiz (SW Spain) used for extensive fish culture, lnvestiga- ci6npesq., Barcelona, 49(2): 175-218. (In Spanish, English abstract.) PEMARES, Casa del Mar, 5 Planta. 11006, Cadiz, Spain.
86:5808 Palma G., Sergio, 1985. Nycthemeral migration of
gelatinous macroplankton from the Bay of VUle- franche-sur-mer, northwest Mediterranean. In- vestigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 49(2):261-274. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Escuela de Ciencias del Mar. Univ. Catolica de Valparaiso, Casilla 1020, Valparaiso, Chile.
86:5809 Qu6guiner, B. and L. Legendre, 1986. Phytoplankton
photosynthetic adaptation to high frequency light fluctuations simulating those induced by sea surface waves. Mar. Biol,, 90(4):483-491.
The green alga Dunaliella tertioleeta was grown under both steady and fluctuating illuminations, and growth rates were similar for steady light and 10-Hz fluctuating light incubations, while cells grown at 0.1 and 1.0 Hz showed lower growth rates. Photosyn- thetic measurements suggest that microalgae grown under high frequency illumination can adapt to the rapidly fluctuating light regime experienced during growth and that algae grown under steady condi- tions respond better to steady or slowly fluctuating light. Lab. de physiol, vegetale, Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, 7 avenue V. Le Gorgeu, F-29283 Brest Cedex, France.
86:5810 Rivier, A., D.C. Brownlee, R.W. Sheldon and F.
Rassoulzadegan, 1985. Growth of microzooplank- ton: a comparative study of bactivorous zooflagel-
lates and ciliates. Mar. microb. Food Webs, 1(1):51-60.
Growth rate as a function of bacterial food concen- tration was investigated experimentally for two common microphagous zooplankters (the oligotri- chous ciliate Strombidium sulcatum and the flagellate Pseudobodo sp.) from the Bay of Villefranche- sur-Mer. The K# values for the ciliate ranged from 14 × 105 to 63 × l0 s bacteria mL t while those for the flagellate ranged from 64 × 10 ~ to 204 × l0 t bacteria mL t. Rassoulzadegan: Sta. Zool., Ville- franche-sur-Mer, 06230, France.
86:5811 Rodriguez, Jaime and M.M. Mullin, 1986. Relation
between biomass and body weight of plankton in a steady state oceanic ecosystem. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):361-370.
In the size range from 10 4 to 103 /~g (carbon) body weight, plankton biomass in the euphotic layer of the North Pacific Central Gyre decreases as an allo- metric function of body weight. Even in this steady state ecosystem there is variability in space and time; therefore one must be careful in extrapolating the relation to less predictable marine areas. Dept. de Ecol., Univ. de Malaga, Spain.
86:5812 Ross, R.M. and L.B. Quetin, 1986. How productive
are Antarctic krill? Bioscience, 36(4):264-268.
Observations include multiple spawning episodes and regulation of both adult female reproductive energetics and juvenile survival and development by food availability. The data are relevant to kriU fishery management. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA. (gsb)
86:5813 Sieracki, M.E. and J.McN. Sieburth, 1985. Factors
controlling the periodic fluctuation in total plank- tonic bacterial populations in the upper ocean: comparison of nutrient, sunlight and predation effects. Mar. microb. Food Webs, 1(1):35-50.
Although a transient inhibitory effect of sunlight was observed in the absence of predators, ambient nutrients and predation by nannoplankton were the primary factors contributing to planktonic bacteria diel cycles. Specifically, bacteria grew more rapidly in the presence of added polysaccharide under simulated predator-reduced conditions (achieved by dilution), while oscillations without net growth or substrate depletion occurred in the presence of the natural predator populations. VIMS, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA. (gsb)
858 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1981t) 33 (10)
86:5814 Smith, W.O. Jr. and D.M. Nelson, 1986. Importance
of ice edge phytoplankton production in the Southern Ocean. Bioscience, 36(4):251-257.
Annual ice edge production in the Southern Ocean is estimated to be approximately 380 × 10 ~2 g C, which when included in total production calculations, would increase annual production estimates by >60%, or at least 990 x 10 ~2 g C. These data help to reconcile apparent low phytoplankton productivity with large consumer populations. Bot. Dept., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. (gsb)
86:5815 Suttle, C.A., A.M. Chan, W.D. Taylor and P.J.
Harrison, 1986. Grazing of planktonic diatoms by mieroflageilates. J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):393-398.
Colorless microflagellates (6-14 /~m in diameter) isolated from an oligotrophic lake in western Canada consumed diatoms up to six times longer than the diameter of the flagellate. Observations of mor- phologically similar flagellates attached to diatoms from the Great Lakes indicates that this phenom- enon may occur in nature. Predation by microfla- gellates on much larger algal cells could potentially affect the pathway of nutrient and energy transfer in aquatic foodwebs. Depts. of Bot. and Oceanogr., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1W5, Canada.
86:5816 Taylor, G.T., D.M. Karl and M.L. Pace, 1986.
Impact of bacteria and zooflagellates on the composition of sinking particles: an in-situ experiment. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Set., 29(2): 141-155.
Comparisons of live-control sediment traps and live-thiram traps (pretreated with the eukaryote inhibitor, thiram) show decreased rates of decom- position and nutrient regeneration in the uncoupled system (live-thiram traps), indicating the importance of protozoan grazers, principally zooflagellates, to decomposition and nutrient recycling in sinking particle associated assemblages. Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA. (gsb)
86:5817 Terazaki, Makoto and C.B. Miller, 1986. Life history
and vertical distribution of pelagic chaetognaths at Ocean Station P in the subarctic Pacific. Deep-Sea Res., 33(3A):323-337.
Seven species of two genera (Eukrohnia, Sagitta) of pelagic chaetognaths were collected. The most
abundant, E. hamata, E. bathypelagica, E. fowleri, and S. elegans comprised 71.0, 18.0, 7.2 and 3.8%, respectively, of chaetognaths in the upper 2000 m. S. elegans inhabits the epipelagic layer (0 to 200 m), E. hamata the epipelagic and upper mesopelagic layers, E. bathypelagica the mesopelagic layer (200 to 1000 m), S. macrocephala the lower mesopelagic and bathypelagic layers (500 to 2000 m), and E. fowleri the layer below 1000 m. E. hamata and S. elegans both had three spawning periods during the year; breeding and development were continuous through the year for E. bathypelagica and E. fowleri. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164, Japan.
86:5818 Vanderploeg, H.A., G.A. Laird, J.R. Liebig and W.S.
Gardner, 1986. Ammonium release by zooplank- ton in suspensions of heat-killed algae and an evaluation of the flow-cell method. J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):341-352.
The maximum excretion rate of NH 4 (39 nmol mg dry wt -I h -z) was directly measured for Daphniapulex by measuring NH 4 accumulation in bottles con- taining D. pulex and dense, satiating suspensions of heat-killed algae. Ammonium release rates in the algal suspensions were compared to those of indi- vidual animals removed from the suspension and placed in flow cells. Ammonium excretion obtained by the flow-cell method after extrapolation to time zero was not significantly different from that obtained in the bottles. NOAA, Great Lakes Envi- ron. Res. Lab., 2300 Washtenaw Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48104, USA.
86:5819 Verity, P.G., 1986. Grazing of phototrophic nano-
plankton by microzooplankton in Narragansett Bay. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Set., 29(2):105-115.
Changes in ~10 #m and ~ 5 #m chlorophyll a in the presence and absence of 10 to 202 ~m microzoo- plankton were used to calculate growth and grazing rates. Chl a growth rates ranged from 0 to 2.2 doublings d -t (~10 pro) and 0 to 2.1 doublings d -~ (~5 #m), and increased with temperature. Mac- rozooplankton grazing rates ranged from 0 to 2.2 #g chla L -I d J (~10 pan) and 0 to 2.1 /tg chla L -I d -~ (<5 #m). Grazing was linearly related to chla standing stock and production in each size fraction. Annual mean microzooplankton grazing represented 62% of ( 1 0 #m and ( 5 ~tm chla production. Grazing impact was elevated when low temperatures limited nanoplenkton production, suggesting that microzooplankton grazing contributed to seasonal
OLR (1996) 33 ( I 0) E. Biological Oceanography 859
variations in relative importance of different size fractions of phytoplankton in Narragansett Bay. Grad. Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02882, USA.
86:5820 Vidal, Julio and S.L. Smith, 1986. Biomass, growth,
and development of populations of herbivorous zooplankton in the southeastern Bering Sea during spring. Deep-Sea Res., 33(4A):523-556.
Two distinct communities of herbivorous zooplank- ton, separated by an oceanographic front, inhabit the continental shelf and slope during spring. Total biomass and growth rates of the inshore community are substantially lower than those of the offshore community and, unlike the latter, show a delayed response to the phytoplankton spring bloom. The cumulative growth rates during April and May decrease from 18.3 g C/m 2 on the slope to 2.5 g C/m 2 on the middle shelf. Smith: Oceanogr. Sci. Div., Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Upton, NY 11973, USA.
E90. Sargassum and symbionts (also sim- ilar communities)
thesis and growth of Sargnssum natans and Sargassum Iluitans (Phaeophyceae) in the west- ern North Atlantic. Deep-Sea Res., 33(3A):391- 399.
Growth rates of both species ranged from 0.03 to 0.04 doublings d t in control cultures receiving no enrichment and in cultures receiving either NO 3- or NH4 + enrichment; in contrast, growth rates ranged from 0.05 to 0.08 doublings d t in cultures receiving PO43 enrichment. Midday photosynthetic rates of S. natans and S. fluitans were also two-fold higher with PO43 enrichment, suggesting that pelagic Sargassum may grow faster than previously thought and that phosphorus, rather than nitrogen, may be the primary nutrient limiting growth and productivity of these plants. Harbor Branch Foundation, Rt. 3, Box 297A, Big Pine Key, FL 33043, USA.
86:5821 Willason, S.W., John Favuzzi and J.L. Cox, 1986.
Patchiness and nutritional condition of zooplank- ton in the California Current. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 84(1):157-176.
Low surface temperatures due to upwelling were most evident south of San Francisco and just north of Point Conception. Just south of these areas patches of high phytoplankton standing crop (up to 14.7 mg chlorophyll a/m 3) were found. The two herbivorous species, Euphausia pacifica and Calanus pacificus, showed highest laminarinase activity in areas with the highest density of phytoplankton; enzyme activity was particularly high in the waters off Point Conception. Zooplankters in the southern and offshore regions showed very low digestive enzyme activity. The larger size (weight) and higher lipid content of C. pacificus near Point Conception and south of San Francisco in comparison to animals in other parts of the California Current suggest prolonged periods of better nutrition in these areas. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
86:5822 Williamson, C.E. and N.M. Butler, 1986. Predation
on rotifers by the suspension-feeding calanoid copepod Diaptomus pailidu~ Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):393-402. Dept. of Biol., Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, 18015, USA.
E l 0 0 . N e k t o n (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)
86:5824 Bortone, S.A., R.W. Hastings and J.L. Oglesby et al.,
1986. Underwater censnsing and reef fish popu- lations. Special edition. NE Gulf Sci., 8(1):95pp; 6 papers.
Topics of the six papers are in-situ methods for quantifying reef fish assemblages; butterfly fish abundance and distribution on Andros Island, Bahamas; reef fish observations from submersibles offshore North Carolina; fish and benthos in hard-bottom areas of the NW Gulf of Mexico; point count censusing over large areas from a submersible; and avoidance of submersibles by the yellowfin bass, Anthias nicholsi. (msg)
86:5825 DiMichele, Leonard, D.A. Powers and M.H. Taylor
(eds.), 1986. The biology of b'~mduins heteroclitns. Symposium, Dec. 1983 Annual Meeting of American Society of Zoologists. Am. Zool., 26(1): 109-288; 15 papers.
Four papers discuss competition and coexistence among four estuarine species of Fundulus; the role of F. heteroclitus in salt marsh trophic dynamics; effects of environmental stress and immunosuppressants on immunity; and the use of F. heteroclitus in pollution studies. The remaining eleven papers concern as- pects of the mummichog's evolution, genetics,
86:5826 Richardson, W.J., Bernd Wllrsig and C.R. Greene
Jr., 1986. Reactions of bowhead whales, Balaena mysticetus, to seismic exploration in the Canadian Beaufort Sea. J. acoust. Soc. Am., 79(4):1117- 1128.
Based on observed reactions of bowheads to (1) distant seismic noise not controlled by the inves- tigators, (2) the controlled approach of a seismic vessel, and (3) controlled tests with a single airgun, it was concluded that bowheads exhibit definite avoid- ance behavior when seismic pulses are greater than 160 dB and that bowheads can localize the direction of airgun pulses. LGL Ltd., environ, res. assoc., P.O. Box 280, King City, ON LOG 1K0, Canada. (msg)
86:5827 Rowe, G.T., Myriam Sibuet and Annick Vangrie-
sheim, 1986. Domains of occupation of abyssal scavengers inferred from baited cameras and traps on the Demerara Abyssal Plain. Deep-Sea Res., 33(4A):501-522.
The composition of the fauna that was attracted differed with type of bait and distance from bottom. While several fishes and a penaeid crustacean (cf. Plesiopenaius edwardsi) were attracted to bait on the bottom, only a large mysid (cf. Gnathophausia ingens) gathered to a large tuna bait moored 200 m off bottom. In no case was the bait utilized extensively. Rates of arrival over time were estimated for each species at each bait. These rates of recruitment were used in a model of 'attractant dispersal' to define a 'domain of occupation' for each of the common species. Brookhaven Natl. Lab., Upton, NY 11973, USA.
86:5829 Huggett, J. and C.L. Griffiths, 1986. Some rela-
tionships between elevation, physico-chemical variables and biota of intertidal rock pools. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 29(2): 189-197.
Temperature extremes were directly related to tidal elevation, but oxygen extremes were determined by the balance between exposure time, which decreased downshore, and the net rate of oxygen consumption or liberation by the biota. The largest fluctuations occurred in pools between mid-tide and low water neap levels, where diurnal ranges of <20% to >300% oxygen saturation were routine. Numbers of species colonizing rock pools declined linearly with elevation. The abiotic factors influencing the upward penetration of species probably differ with tidal level, reduced oxygen concentration probably being limiting in lowshore pools and temperature and salinity becoming more significant at higher levels. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.
86:5830 Kuznetsov, A.P. (ed.), 1985. Bottom fauna of the
open-oceanic elevations (northern Atlantic). Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 120:192pp; 12 papers. (In Russian, English abstract.)
This collection includes studies of bottom fauna communities and specific taxa (gorgonians, anti- patarians, madreporarian corals, tanaids, echinoids, polychaetes) from various locations. Among the sites are the Reykjanes Ridge, and the Rockeway, Atlantis, Plato, Great Meteor, and Josephine sea- mounts. A sampling of topics includes circumcon- tinental zonation of echinoid distribution, feeding in some epimacrofauna, and the use of bottom sestono- phages to estimate productivity. (msg)
El l0 . Bottom communities
86:5828 Christensen, Hans and Ebbe Kanneworff, 1985.
Sedimenting phytoplankton as major food source for suspension and deposit feeders in the ~re- sund. Ophelia, 24(3):223-244.
Chlorophyll and phaeopigment analyses indicate that sinking phytoplankton from the spring bloom control weight increase and reproductive tissue development of bottom invertebrates. This resource was utilized by suspension feeders (for a shorter time period), as well as deposit feeders. Mar. Biol. Lab., Strandpromenaden 5, DK-3000, Helsingor, Den- mark. (gsb)
86:5831 Liddell, W.D. and S.L. Ohlhorst, 1986. Changes in
benthic community composition following the mass mortality of Diadema at Jamaica. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 95(3):271-278.
At 15 m, Diadema antillarum density in Discovery Bay declined from 6.6 to 0.0 m 2 while bottom cover by noncrustose algae increased from 30.7 to 49.7% within 2 wk of the urchins' death, and by 4 months had increased to 72.3%, finally declining to 64.7% after 1 yr. This sharp increase in algal cover was achieved at the expense of other reef benthos, such as crustose coralline algae and clionid sponges. A similar pattern was found at the other depths. Dept. of Geol., Utah State Univ., Logan, UT 84322-0705, USA.
OLR (1~86) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 861
86:5832 Novaczek, I. and J. McLachlan, 1986. Reeoloni-
zation by algae of the sublittoral habitat of Halifax County, Nova Scotia, following the demise of sea urchins. Botanica mar., 29(1):69-73. Natl. Res. Council, 1411 Oxford St., Halifax, NS B3H 3Z1, Canada.
86:5833 Oliver, J.S. and P.N. Slattery, 1985. Effects of
crustacean predators on species composition and population structure of soft-bodied infauna from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Ophelia, 24(3)" 155-175.
Examination of gut contents, laboratory and field experiments, community patterns and observations about depth refuges suggest that the species com- position and size of soft-bodied infauna are regu- lated by Nototanais and Heterophoxus, which prey on both small species and small individuals of large species. Moss Landing Mar. Lab., Moss Landing, CA 95039, USA. (gsb)
coupling during the 1982-1983 El Nifio. Are community changes at high latitudes attribut- able to cause or coincidence? Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):351-360.
No effects were identified on a rocky intertidal community which could unambiguously be attrib- uted to the 1982-1983 E1 Nifio. The analyses included long term studies of the upper limits to the distribution of a red alga (7 years) and two species of mussels (14 years). No effect was identified on the recruitment, mortality, or growth of a brown alga, Postelsia. The data suggest that it is difficult to distinguish the influence of even a potentially strong perturbation against a biologically variable back- ground when a long term data base exists. Dept. of Zool., NJ-15, Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
86:5835 Pergent, G6rard, C.F. Boudouresque and Brigitte
Vadier, 1985. Preliminary study of Posidonia oeeunica (L.) Delile beds on the AIb~res coast (Pyrrn~es-Orientales, France). Annls Inst. oc~anogr., Paris, 61(2):97-114. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.) Lab. d'Ecol, du Benthos et de Biol. Veg. Mar., Luminy, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.
86:5836 Sebens, K.P., 1986. Spatial relationships among
encrusting marine organisms in the New England subtidal zone. Ecol. Monogr., 56(1):73-96.
A continuous cover of five common encrusting organisms was observed over the two-year obser- vation period, with variation in relative abundances between sites and seasons. Space was gained by both direct overgrowth and lateral movement, with frequent overgrowers being least resistant to over- growth themselves. Hierarchical interactions pre- vailed, but poor competitors were sustained by early establishment or ability to survive overgrowth. Mar. Sci. and Maritime Studies Center, Northeastern Univ., Nahant, MA 01908, USA. (gsb)
86:5837 Sweerts, J.P., J.W.M. Rudd and C.A. Kelly, 1986.
Metabolic activities in flocculent surface sedi- ments and underlying sandy littoral sediments. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):330-338.
Introduction of a 1-20-mm thick flocculent, organ- ic-rich layer to parts of a Precambrian shield lake resulted in increased respiration, photosynthesis, macrofaunal invertebrate densities, dissolved O z consumption, and neutralization of H2SO 4 by sulfate reduction relative to the underlying sandy sediments. The depth of sulfate penetration was reduced. Limnol. Inst., Rijkstraatweg 6, 3631 AC Nieuwer- sluis, Nederland.
86:5838 Thomas, M.L.H., 1985. Littoral community structure
and zonation on the rocky shores of Bermuda. Bull. mar. Sci., 37(3):857-870.
The rocky littoral of Bermuda is accessible, geolog- ically homogeneous, and of moderate biotic diver- sity. Despite the low tidal range, zonation displays classical characteristics. Heights of littoral zones and vertical species distributions were correlated with an exposure index based on wind energy, bottom topography, and arc of exposure. Univ. of New Brunswick, Div. of Sci., P.O. Box 5050, St. John, NB E2L 4L5, Canada.
86:5839 Vincent, B., 1986. [Monthly variations in the structure
of macrobenthic littoral communities in a cold climate: the Saint Lawrence Estuary, Canada]. Hydrobiologia, 133(3):259-270. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.) Dept. d'Oceanogr., Univ. du Quebec, 300 Ave. des Ursulines, Rimouski, Quebec G5L 3AI, Canada.
El20. Estuarine, marsh and mangrove communities
86:5840 Civco, D.L., W.C. Kennard and M.W. Lefor, 1986.
Changes in Connecticut salt-marsh vegetation as
862 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1986) 33 ( I 0)
revealed by historical aerial photographs and computer-assisted cartographics. Environ. Mgmt, 10(2):229-239. Lab. of Remote Sensing, Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06268, USA.
86:5841 Ewing, Kern and K.A. Kershaw, 1986. Vegetation
patterns in James Bay coastal marshes. I. Envi- ronmental factors on the south coast. Can. J. Bot., 64(1):217-226.
Coastal wetlands of the Hudson Bay Lowlands along southern James Bay are generated by a positive water balance, low relief, and a rising land surface. Marshes, dominated by sedges and grasses and separated by beach ridges, occur between unvegetated intertidal flats and the inland boreal forest. Bay waters, affected by currents, shallow depths, and large freshwater inputs from major rivers, are brackish. Off the coast at the Harricanaw River, surface salinity in the bay is ~ 4 ppt while soil water salinities in the adjacent marsh are higher. Standing water and tidal water in contact with vegetation often measure 0 ppt salinity. Twelve widespread brackish water plant communities were identified. Dept. of Biol., McMaster Univ., Ham- ilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada.
86:5842 Moriarty, D.J.W., R.L. Iverson and P.C. Pollard,
1986. Exudation of organic carbon by the seagrass HModule wrightii Aschers. and its effect on bacterial growth in the sediment. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(2): 115-126.
Between 6 and 28% of 14C fixed by the leaves of Halodule wrightii was translocated to the rhizomes and roots within 6 h. In the same time period 6 to 17% of total fixed ~4C was exuded into the sediment. Bacterial production was 180 to 190 mg C m -2 day ' and was probably dependent on root decomposition as well as exudation. From the results of lipid analyses and synthesis it was concluded that bacteria were utilizing all the exuded organic '4C. Most bacterial production was in the top 20 mm of sediment, which was the zone with the greatest root rhizome biomass. Most of the 14C exudate was also found in this zone. CSIRO Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 120, Cleveland, Qld. 4163, Australia.
86:5843 Wilson, J.O., Robert Buchsbaum, Ivan Valiela and
Tony Swain, 1986. Decomposition in salt marsh ecosystems: phenolic dynamics during decay of litter of S ~ Mternifforn. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 29(2):17%187. M/S 483, Langley Res. Center, NASA, Hampton, VA 23665, USA.
El40. Birds
86:5844 Boyd, R.L. and B.C. Thompson, 1985. Evidence for
reproductive mixing of least tern populations. J. Fld Orn., 56(4):405-406. Dept. of Biol., Baker Univ., Baldwin City, KS 66006, USA.
86:5845 Broni, S.C., Michelle Kaicener and D.C. Duffy,
1985. The effect of wind direction on numbers of seabirds seen during shipboard transects. J. Fld Orn., 56(4):411-412.
Seabird counts made on the lee and windward sides during 14 transects showed no differences between the sides, indicating that in sub-gale conditions, counts were not affected by wind exposure. Fitz- Patrick Institute of African Ornithology, Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. (ahm)
86:5846 Fraser, W.R. and D.G. Ainley, 1986. Ice edges and
seabird occurrence in Antarctica. Bioscience, 36(4):258-263.
The presence of two distinct Antarctic seabird groups (one associated with pack ice and the other with open water) illustrates the concept that there are recognizable communities based on the 'jux- taposition of appropriate foraging and breeding habitats.' It is assumed that seabird distribution results from the search for food, but it is still unclear whether physical or biological factors dominate. Point Reyes Bird Observ., 4990 Shoreline Highway, Stinson Beach, CA 94970, USA. (ahm)
86:5847 Haney, J.C., 1985. Wintering phalaropes off the
southeastern United States. Application of re- mote sensing imagery to seabird habitat analysis at oceanic fronts. J. Fld Orn., 56(4):321-333.
Red-necked and red phalaropes occur in winter 40-80 km offshore on portions of the SE U.S. continental shelf. Infrared satellite imagery revealed this middle shelf zone (20-40 m) to be a region of intense frontal activity during fall and winter. The seasonal abundance and small-scale distribution of phalaropes corresponded to the incidence of shelf waters, and the correlation of both past and present phalarope records with fronts suggests more wide- spread wintering in this region than is currently recognized. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, GA 31416, USA.
86:5848 La Cock, G.D., 1986. The Southern Oscillation,
environmental anomalies, and mortality of two
OLR (1,986) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 863
Mass mortalities and breeding failures of southern African jackass penguins and Cape cormorants and decreases in small fish availability were shown (by Boolean factor analysis) to occur in the same year or the year before co-occurring worldwide and regional anomalous climatic events. The negative impact is smaller than that observed for the Peruvian coast, and conditions preceding the warm water events were as detrimental as the events themselves. Percy FitzPatrick Inst. of African Ornithology, Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa. (gsb)
86:5849 Lock, A.R. and F.W. Anderka, 1985. The use of
radioactive tags in monitoring the reproductive success of terns. J. Fld Orn., 56(4):388-393.
The accuracy of investigations of the reproductive success of semi-nidifugous birds may be reduced by the difficulties of finding chicks in heavy vegetation. Where the use of enclosures is undesirable or impractical, chicks may be found reliably and with minimal disturbance with a scintillometer if each is tagged with a radio-isotope label. A short-life isotope, L82Ta, was used and 4/~ curie tags were found to be detectable at a distance of 75 cm. Canadian Wildlife Serv., Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
86:5850 Ryan, P.G. and Susan Jackson, 1986. Stomach
pumping [for diet studies]: is killing seabirds necessary? Auk, 103(2):427-428. FitzPatrick Inst., Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch 7700, South Africa.
86:5851 Burney, C.M., 1986. Bacterial utilization of total
in-situ dissolved carbohydrate in offshore waters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):427-431.
Total dissolved carbohydrate declined steadily at rates of 1.5 and 2.6/~g C L ~ h -~ during 12-24-h dark in-situ incubations in the Sargasso Sea and Gulf of Maine, indicating rapid bacterial metabolism. The source of this carbohydrate appears to be the extracellular release of phytoplankton photosynthate fixed during the most recent photoperiod. Observed
rates require substantially greater primary produc- tion than indicated by the ~4C method. Nova Univ. Oceanogr. Center, 8000 North Ocean Dr., Dania, FL 33004, USA.
86:5852 Craven, D.B., R.A. Jahnke and A.F. Carlucci, 1986.
Fine-scale vertical distributions of microbial biomass and activity in California Borderland sediments. Deep-Sea Res., 33(3A):379-390.
Vertical distributions of total organic carbon, poros- ity, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), and rates of nucleic acid synthesis were measured at millimeter depth intervals in basin sediments. Within the upper 5 mm, large gradients were measured in sediment microbial biomass (ATP) and nucleic acid synthesis rates, especially DNA synthesis. A subsurface secondary maximum in specific growth rate was also observed and may be associated with the onset of sulfate reduction. Carbon production rates suggest that the central portion of the basin receives larger inputs of organic carbon than would be predicted from surface water primary production rates and a simple one-dimensional vertical settling model. Inst. of Mar. Resources, A-018, Univ. of Calif., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
86:5853 DeLong, E.F. and A.A. Yayanos, 1986. Biochemical
function and ecological significance of novel bacterial iipids in deelr-sea procaryotes. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 51(4):730-737. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.
86:5854 Gunnison, Douglas, 1986. New frontiers in applied
This review begins with a discussion of microbio- logical processes occurring in flooded soils and sediments including the role of microorganisms, energy sources, biologically-available substrates, and the relationship of sediment redox potential to microbial processes. The remaining discussion focuses on the effects of environmental manipu- lations on sediment microbiota in soils in transition (marshes, new reservoirs), legislation affecting flood- ed soils, and management strategies. Environ. Lab. USAE Waterways Exper. Sta., Vicksburg, MS, USA. (msg)
86:5855 Hanson, R.B., L.R. Pomeroy and R.E. Murray,
1986. Mierobhd growth rates in a cold--core Gulf Stream eddy of the northwestern Sargasso Sea. Deep-Sea Res., 33(4A):427-446.
864 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1986) ~3 ( I 0)
Horizontal spatial variations of microbial and bacterial abundance and biomass and rates of nucleic acid synthesis in surface waters across cold-core Gulf Stream eddy P were investigated in April 1982. Bacteria were mostly (98%) free-floating, and microbial-ATP biomass correlated with chlo- rophyll a fluorescence across eddy P. Rates of microbial metabolism and growth and bacterial production were not proportional across areas of high chlorophyll a fluorescence. Because microbial metabolism (RNA synthesis) and growth (DNA synthesis) across eddy P were not closely coupled, although intertwined with diurnal variations, we conclude that the microbial communities, based on the experimental time scale, were in a state of unbalanced growth. Skidaway Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, GA 31416, USA.
86:5856 Hidaka, Tomio and Seiichiro Shimazu, 1985. Ana-
lytical research of microbial ecosystems in sea- water around fishing grounds. V. Bacterial flora in the west region of the southern Ryukyu Island Arc. Mere. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 34(1):59- 69. (In Japanese, English abstract.)
Seawater samples were collected from 12 stations at 1 m and 50 m depths. Heterotrophic bacterial cells in the samples were below 102 cfu/mL, suggesting that the region is an oligotrophic zone. In generic compositions of bacterial strains isolated from each sample, Pseudomonas and Vibrio predominated in all samples. Phage sensitive strains were found mostly in Pseudomonas and Vibrio. One of them, 48K-G107 (Pseudomonas)-phage system, was distributed widely at all stations; 48K-C106 (Vibrio compbellii)-phage system was distributed as a resident in the Kuroshio water mass. Lab. of Microbiol., Kagoshima Univ., 50-20 Shimoarata 4 Chome, Kagoshima, 890 Japan.
86:5857 McManus, G.B. and J.A. Fuhrman, 1986. Baeteri-
vory in seawater studied with the use of inert fluorescent particles. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2): 420-426.
Fluorescent pigments were used to study the uptake of bacteria-sized particles by laboratory and field populations of heterotrophic nanoplankton. Uptake was roughly linear for 20-40 rain, then leveled off with the number of particles per cell remaining constant for at least several hours. Photosynthetic nanoplankton did not take up the particles in significant numbers. Preliminary field experiments indicated that nonpigmented nanoplankton were responsible for virtually all of the grazing on bacterioplankton, with microzooplankton playing a
minor role. Mar. Sci. Res. Center, SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794, USA.
8@5858 Sieburth, J.McN. and K.W. Estep, 1985. Precise and
meaningful terminology in marine microbial ecology. Mar. microb. Food Webs, 1(1):1-16.
The use of meaningful and precise terminology for the description of the taxonomic and trophic status of marine microorganisms is important to the unambiguous exchange of ideas in microbial ecol- ogy. Many of the terms that we currently use are either not used properly, are out of date, or do not accurately describe their subjects. Examples include the term flagellum, which is used for the non- homologous structures in both eucaryotes and procaryotes, and terms such as microheterotroph, which cut across taxonomic groupings. This paper addresses the trophic status of microorganisms in microbial ecology and proposes a starting point for an unambiguous terminology. Grad. Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.
86:5859 Velji, M.I. and L.J. Albright, 1986. Microscopic
enumeration of attached marine bacteria of seawater, marine sediment, fecal matter, and kelp blade samples following pyrophosphate and ultra- sound treatments. Can. J. Microbiol., 32(2): 121- 126.
The technique of strengthening the cells with an aldehyde and then dispersing them in a suspending medium using a deflocculent (pyrophosphate) and ultrasound caused the bacteria to be randomly distributed when filtered onto Nuclepore mem- branes with a lower variance within and similar variance between subsamples as compared with untreated samples. Sediment bacterial numbers (-+ SE) determined by the standard technique were 5.20(_+0.36) x I0 ~° per gram wet weight; by this dispersion technique they were 11.30(_+0.24) X 10 u per gram, a greater than twofold increase. Albright: Dept. of Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada.
86:5860 Winn, C.D., D.M. Karl and G.J. Massoth, 1986.
Microorganisms in deep-sea hydrothermal plumes. Nature, Lond., 320(6064):744-746.
In the immediate vicinity of hydrothermal vents, chemoautotrophic bacteria are present in vent fluids, attached to rock surfaces, and as endosymbionts in certain macrofauna. Deep-sea hydrothermal plumes have not yet been examined for the presence of
OLR (1986) 33 ( I 0) E. Biological Oceanography 865
bacteria. We report the presence of elevated bac- terial biomass in a hydrothermal plume originating from the Juan de Fuca Ridge, and discuss the potential geochemical significance of these micro- organisms. Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA.
El80. Biochemistry
86:5861 Chu, F.-L.E. and B.B. Casey, 1986. A comparison of
protein assays for oyster larval proteins using two different standards. Mar. Chem, 19(1): 1-7. VIMS, Gloucester Point, VA 23062, USA.
86:5862 Kirchman, D.L. and R.E. Hodson, 1986. Metabolic
regulation of amino acid uptake in marine waters. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):339-350.
To determine the relationships among uptake, intracellular pool formation, and incorporation into protein, dipeptide and free amino acid uptake by estuarine and coastal bacterial assemblages (SE U.S.) was measured. Results of an analytical model suggested that the size of the intraceUular phen- ylalanine pool is regulated, precluding high assim- ilation of both phe and phe-phe. Sustained increases in uptake rates and mineralization by marine bacterial assemblages in response to increased dissolved organic nitrogen appear to be determined by the rate of protein synthesis. Coll. of Mar. Studies, Univ. of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.
86:5863 Martin, J.L., M. Martoja, M. Truchet and R.
Martoja, 1985. Some effects of fluorine--con- taining components (NaF, CaF 2 and phosphogyp- sum) on a marine gastropod [Haliotis tuberculata] and bivalve [Mytilus ednlisl. Oceanologica A cta, 8(4):461-469. (In French, English abstract.) Centre de Rech. en Ecol. mar. et Aquacult., 17137 Nieul-sur-Mer, France.
86:5864 Seritti, Alfredo, David Pellegrini, Elisabetta Morelli,
Corrado Barghigiani and Romano Ferrara, 1986. Copper complexing capacity of phytoplank- tonic cell exudates. Mar. Chem., 18(2-4)351-357. CNR Ist. di Biofisica, Via S. Lorenzo, 26, 56100 Pisa, Italy.
86:5865 Berry, A.J., 1986. Daily, tidal, and two-weekly
spawning periodicity and brief pelagic dispersal in the tropical intertidal gastropod Umbonium vestiarium (L.). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 95(3): 211-223. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Stifling Univ., Stifling FK9 4LA, UK.
86:5866 Fiala-M6dioni, A., A.M. Alayse and G. Cahet, 1986.
Evidence of in--situ uptake and incorporation of bicarbonate and amino acids by a hydrotbermal vent mussel. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(2): 191- 198.
The hydrothermal vent mussel Bathymodiolus sp. is demonstrated to incorporate inorganic CO 2 from seawater. After ~24 h incubation with H~4CO, the major part of the radioactivity is incorporated into macromolecules, mostly in proteins but also in a notable lipidic fraction; 77 to 98% of this radio- activity is found in the gill and autoradiographs show that CO 2 fixation is only observed in cells containing high concentrations of bacteria. The mussel is also able to absorb and incorporate dissolved amino acids. In addition to feeding on particulate material, the mussel may be able to live on reduced carbon and nitrogen compounds syn- thesized by its associated bacteria as well as on dissolved organic compounds present in seawater. Lab. Arago, Univ. of Paris VI, 66650 Banyuls- sur-Mer, France.
86:5867 Page, H.M., 1986. Differences in population structure
and growth rate of the stalked barnacle Pollicipes polymerus between a rocky headland and an offshore oil platform. Mar. Ecol,-Prog. Ser., 29(2):157-164. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Calif.. Santa Barbara, CA 93106. USA.
86:5868 Sanders, H.L. and J.A. Allen, 1985. Studies on
deep-sea Protobranchia (Bivalvia); the family Malletiidae. Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., (Zool.)49(2): 195-238.
This paper redefines the deep-water protobranch bivalve family Malletiidae and describes the func- tional morphology, growth and geographical dis- tribution of nine species obtained from abyssal and slope depths of the Atlantic. Three new species are described, all from the Guinea Basin. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
866 E. Biological Oceanography OL R ( 1986)O3 ( I 0)
D.A. Markell and D.E. Morse, 1986. Excess potassium induces larval metamorphosis in four marine invertebrate species. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 170(2):255-266.
An increase in the concentration of K ÷ in defined seawater medium induces settlement and metamor- phosis in larvae of the marine molluscs Phestilla sibogae, Haliotis rufescens, and Astraea undosa, and in larvae of the marine annelid Phragmatopoma californica. The effect is dose-dependent, optimal at approximately double the normal concentration of K ÷ in seawater, and specific for the K ÷ ion. The ability of K ÷ to directly influence cell membrane potential is proposed as an explanation for its broad effectiveness as a metamorphic inducer for larvae that recruit to different habitats. Morse: Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.
E230. Crustacea
86:5870 Alcaraz, Miguel, Tecla Riera and J.M. Gili, 1986.
Hemimysis mm'galeti sp.nov. (Mysidacea) from a submarine cave of Mailorca Island, western Mediterranean. Crustaceana, 50(2):199-203. Inst. de Invest. Pesq. de Barcelona, Paseo Nac. s.n., Barcelona 3, Spain.
86:5871 Barnwell, F.H., 1986. Fiddler crabs of Jamaica
(Decapoda, Brachyura,, Oeypodidae, genus Uca). Crustaceana, 50(2):146-165. Dept. of Ecol. and Behavioral Biol., Univ. of Minnesota, Minne- apolis, MN 55455, USA.
Mandal and M.L. Bhowmik, 1986. Growth of Penaeus monodon Fabricius under different en- vironmentai conditions. Aquaculture, 51(3-4): 189-194. Kakdwip Res. Centre of Central Inland Fish. Res. Inst., Kakdwip, West Bengal 743347, India.
86:5873 Chmyr, V.D., 1985. Determination of specific pro
duction of ¢opepods under conditions approxi- mating natural. Hydrobiol. J. (a translation of Gidrobiol. Zh.), 21(4):25-27.
This simple method is based on identification of copepod size groups by using different density sieves
and exposing the copepods to the natural envi- ronment. Inst. of Biol. of the Southern Seas, UkrSSR Acad. of Sci., Sevastopol, USSR. (ahm)
86:5874 Conde, J.E. and Humberto Diaz, 1985. Stratified
random sampling applied to population studies of genus Uca (Brachym'a, Ocypodldae). lnvestiga- ci6npesq, Barcelona, 49(4):567-579. (In Spanish, English abstract.)
Comparisons were made between simple random sampling with proportional, optimum and Neyman allocation and with the minimum available variance. These comparisons showed how the gain due to stratification was achieved, even in the case where stratification was established upon an ecological basis. Centro de Invest. Mar., Univ. Nac. Exper., Plaza La Antillana, La Vela de Coro, Edo. Falcon, Venezuela.
86:5875 Dall, W., 1986. Estimation of routine metabolic rate
in a penaeid prawn, Penaeus esculentus Haswell. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(1):57-74. CSIRO Mar. Lab., 233 Middle St., Cleveland, Qld. 4163, Australia.
De 86:5876
Vaugelas, Jean, Bruno Delesalle and Christian Monier, 1986. Aspects of the biology of Ca/- lichirus armatus (A. Milne Edwards, 1870) (De- capoda, Thaiassinidea) from French Polynesia. Crustaceana, 50(2):204-216. Lab. de Biol. et Ecol. Mar., Univ. de Nice, 28 Ave. de Valrose, 06034 Nice Cedex, France.
86:5877 Dessier, Alain, 1985. Population dynamics and
production of Eucalanus piletus (Copopoda: Cai- anoida) Pointe-Noire (R6publique Populaire du Congo). Oc~anographie trop., ORSTOM, 20(1): 3-18. (In French, English abstract.) Antenne ORSTOM, Centre IFREMER, B.P. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France.
86:5878 Forward, R.B. Jr., J.K. Douglass and B.E. Kenney,
1986. Entrainment of the larval release rhythm of the crab Rhithropanopeus harrisii (Brachym'a: Xanthidae) by cycles in salinity change. Mar. Biol., 90(4):537-544. Duke Univ. Mar. Lab., Beaufort, NC 28516, USA.
86:5879 Heckman, C.W., 1986. The anadromons migration of
a calanoid copepod, Era?/remora sHi~is (Poppe,
OL R (k986) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 867
1880), in the Elhe Estuary. Crustaceana, 50(2): 176-181. Inst. fur Hydrobiol. und Fisch. der Univ. Hamburg, Zeiseweg 9, D-2000 Hamburg 50, FRG.
86:5880 Hirota, Reiichiro and Yasushi Fukuda, 1985. Dry
weight and chemical composition of the larval forms of crabs (Decapoda: Brachyura). Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 32(2):149-153. Aitsu Mar. Biol. Sta., Kumamoto Univ., Aitsu, Amakusa- Matsushima, Kumamoto 861-61, Japan.
86:5881 Ingle, R.W., 1985. Larval development of the red
swimming crab, Bathynectes Iongipes (Risso, 1816) (Crustacea: Decapoda: Portunidae). Bull. Br. Mus. nat. Hist., (Zool.)49(2):239-255. Dept. of Zool., British Mus. Nat. Hist., Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK.
86:5882 Jayachandran, K.V. and N.I. Joseph, 1986. On a new
species of Macrobracldnm [indieum] (Decapoda, Palaemonidae) from the southwest coast of India. Crustaceana, 50(2):217-223. Dept. of Aquat. Biol. and Fish., Univ. of Kerala, Trivandrum 695 007, India.
86:5883 Knowlton, Nancy and B.D. Keller, 1985. Two more
sibling species of alpheid shrimps associated with the Caribbean Sea anemones Bartholomea annulata and Heteractis lucida. Bull. mar. Sci., 37(3):893-904. Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst., P.O. Box 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama.
86:5884 L~gier-Visser, M.F., J.G. Mitchell, A. Okubo and
J.A. Fuhrman, 1986. Mechanoreception in calanoid copepods: a mechanism for prey detec- tion. Mar. Biol., 90(4):529-535. Mar. Sci. Res. Center, SUNY, Stoney Brook, NY 11794, USA.
86:5885 Lindley, J.A., 1986. Vertical distributions of decapod
crustacean larvae and pelagic post-larvae over Great Sole Bank (Celtic Sea) in June 1983. Mar. Biol., 90(4):545-549. NERC, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plym- outh PL1 3DH, Devon, UK.
86:5886 Lobel, P.S. and J.E. Randall, 1986. Swarming
behavior of the hyperiid amphipod Anehylomera blossevilli. J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):253-262. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
86:5887 Mackas, D.L. and K.E. Burns, 1986. Poststarvation
feeding and swimming activity in Calanus paci- ficus and Metridia paeifica. Limnol. Oceanogr., 31(2):383-392. Inst. of Ocean Sci., P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC VSL 4B2, Canada.
86:5888 Martin, J.W. and L.G. Abele, 1986. Notes on male
pleopod morphology in the brachyuran crab family Panopeidae Ortmann, 1893, sensu Guinot (1978) (Decapoda). Crustaceana, 50(2):182-198. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Florida State Univ., Talla- hassee, FL 32306, USA.
86:5889 Moore, P.G. and C.H. Francis, 1985. Some obser-
vations on food and feeding of the supralittoral beach-hopper Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda). Ophefia, 24(3): 183-197. Univ. Mar. Biol. Sta., Millport, Isle of Cumbrae, KA28 0EG, Scotland.
86:5890 Moore, P.G. and C.H. Francis, 1986. Notes on
breeding periodicity and sex ratio of Orchestia gammarellus (Pallas) (Crustacea: Amphipoda) at Millport, Scotland. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 95(3):203-209. Univ. Mar. Biol. Sta., Millport, Isle of Cumbrae KA28 0EG, Scotland.
86:5891 Murano, Masaaki, 1986. Three new species of
Mysidacea from Saint Croix, Virgin Islands. Crustaceana, 50(2):133-145. Tokyo Univ. of Fish., 4-5-7 Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan.
86:5892 Pagano, M. and R. Gaudy, 1986. Biology of a
copepod of the temporary lakes of the French Mediterranean littoral: Eurytemora velox. 1. Nutrition. Mar. Biol., 90(4):551-564. (In French, English abstract.) Centre de Rech. Oceanogr., BP V18, Abidjan, Cote d'lvoire.
86:5893 Rieper, Marianna, 1985. Some lower food web
organisms in the nutrition of marine harpacticoid copepods: an experimental study. Helgol~nder Meeresunters., 39(4):357-366.
Laboratory experiments showed that, among the ciliates, the slow-moving Uronema sp. was taken up while the fast-moving Euplotes sp. was not. Asterionella glacialis, a pennate diatom with spiny projections, was unsuitable as food. The centric
868 E. Biological Oceanography OL R (198§) 33 (10)
diatom Skeletonema costatum was ingested by all harpacticoid species tested, all of which are epi- benthic and phytal species occurring in the shallow waters of Helgoland (North Sea). The amount of ciliate and algal carbon taken up was less than that provided by bacteria under laboratory conditions. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland, D-2192 Helgoland, FRG.
86:5894 Roccatagliata, Daniel, 1986. On some Cyclaspis
(Cumacea) from the South American Atlantic coast with the description of two new species [C. alba, variabilis]. Crustaceana, 50(2): 113-132. Univ. de Buenos Aires, Dept. de Cien. Biol., 1428 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
86:5895 Romero, R.C. and H.B. Kuroki, 1986. Pre--meta-
morphosis stages of two penneilids (Copepoda, Siphonostomatoida) from their definitive hosts. Crustaceana, 50(2):166-175. Inst. de Invest. Oceanol., Univ. de Antofagasta, Casilla 1240, Antofagasta, Chile.
86:5896 Sard~l, F., 1985. Age and growth of Nephrops
norvegicus (L.). Investigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 49(2):139-154. (In Spanish, English abstract.) Inst. de Invest. Pesq., Paseo Nac., s/n 08003 Barcelona, Spain.
86:5897 Toda, Hideshige and Masayuki Takahashi, 1985.
High mortality of juveniles during the summer decline of the mysid (Neomysis intermedia) population in Lake Kasumigaura [Japan]. Bull. Plankt. Soc. Japan, 32(2):141-148. Inst. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Tsukuba, Sakura-mura, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
86:5898 Walker, R.S., 1986. The first returns of tagged
juvenile lobsters Homarus gammarus (L.) after release to the wild. Aquaculture, 52(3):231-233. Sea Fish Industry Authority, Mar. Farming Unit, Ardtoe, Acharacle, Argyll PH36 4LD, UK.
86:5900 Gooday, A.J., 1986. The genus Rhabdamndna in the
northeast Atlantic: a new species, a redescription of R. major De Folin, 1887, and some specu- lations on species relationships. J. foram. Res., 16(2):150-160. Inst. of Oceanogr. Sci., Brook Rd., Wormley, Godalming, Surrey GU8 5UB, UK.
johann, Michael Spindler and Helmut Zacha- rias, 1986. A new hypothesis: the so-called megalospheric schizont of the larger foraminifer, Heterosteglna deprexsa D'Orbigny, 1826, is a separate species. J. forum. Res., 16(2): 141-149.
The classical life cycle of Foraminifera consists of an alternation of generations between gamont and agamont. In many larger Foraminifera schizonts also occur, and these were previously assumed to be part of an agamont/schizont/gamont/agamont cycle (hypothesis of biologic trimorphism). Observations of Heterostegina depressa, a Recent nummulitid, lead us to postulate that the schizonts are not part of its life cycle, but belong to a separate Heterostegina species. This hypothesis provides new perspectives in interpreting depth-related morphologic trends. Inst. fur Allgemeine Mikrobiol. der Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40, 2300 Kiel, FRG.
86:5902 Taniguchi, Akira and Reiko Kawakami, 1985.
Feeding activity of a tintinnid ciliate Favella taraikaensis and its variability observed in labo- ratory cultures. Mar. microb. Food Webs, 1(1): 17-34. Fac. of Agric., Tohoku Univ., Sendal, Miyagi, 980 Japan.
86:5903 Verity, P.G., 1986. Growth rates of natural tintinnid
populations in Narragansett Bay. Mar. EcoL- Prog. Ser., 29(2):117-126. Grad. Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02882, USA.
E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, etc. (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOL-
OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)
86:5899 BrOnnimann, Paul, 1986. Asarotammina, a new
trochamminid genus from the Brazilian shelf. J.
E260. Macrophytes (algae, grasses, etc.)
86:5904 Contreras, Domingo, Heriberto Figueroa and Carlos
Ramtrez, 1985. Study of the zonation patterns of the macroalgae in the Chilean Pacific coast. Investigaci6n pesq., Barcelona, 49(2):275-296. (In
OLR ~, 1986) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 869
Spanish, English abstract.) Inst. de Bot. y Estad., Univ. Austral de Chile, Casilla 567, Valdivia, Chile.
86:5905 Dean, T.A. and F.R. Jacobsen, 1986. Nutrient-
limited growth of juvenile kelp, Macrocystis pyr/fera, during the 1982-1984 'El Nifio' in southern California. Mar. Biol., 90(4):597-601.
The relative growth rates of juvenile M. pyrifera in southern California kelp forests were substantially reduced during the E1 Nino of 1982-1984. Lower growth rates were correlated with increased tem- perature and decreased nitrogen availability. Fer- tilization with slow-release nitrogen-phosphorus fertilizer increased growth rates to levels previously observed when temperatures were low and nutrient levels were high. Kelp Ecol. Proj., 531 Encinitas Blvd., Suite 118, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA.
Valentin and Denise Rivera-Tenebaum, 1985. Algal growth potential of Cabo Frio (Brasil) upwelling seawater; species composition varia- tions due to nutrient enrichment. Oceanologica Acta, 8(4):441-452. (In French, English ab- stract.) Inst. Nacional de Estudos do Mar, 28910 Arraial do Cabo, R.J., Brasil.
86:5907 Johnson, C.R. and K.H. Mann, 1986. The crustose
corailine alga, Phymatolithon Foslie, inhibits the overgrowth of seaweeds without relying on her- bivores. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 96(2): 127-146.
When surfaces of boulders covered with Phyrnato- fithon were compared with boulders of bare granite in a grazer removal experiment, the biomass of recruited fleshy algae was significantly lower on the Phymatolithon, being on average less than half that on the granite; this inhibitory effect was not species specific. We suggest that, although the possibility of chemical inhibition cannot be ruled out, the insta- bility of the surface crust contributes significantly to inhibition of algal settlement on Phymatolithon. There was no evidence of dieback of Phymatolithon crusts during the 16 months of the experiment. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
86:5908 Murthy, M.S., T. Ramakrishna, G.V. Sarat Babu
and Y.N. Rao, 1986. Estimation of net primary
productivity of intertidal seaweeds---limitations and latent problems. Aquat. Bot., 23(4):383-387. Dept. of Biosci., Saurashtra Univ., Rajkot 360 005, India.
86:5909 Bonin, D.J., M.R. Droop, S.Y. Maestrini and M.-C.
Bonin, 1986. Physiological features of six micro-- algae to be used as indicators of seawater quality. Cryptogam. Algol, 7(1):23-83.
Based on all available literature, six unialgal species were chosen as suitable monitors of seawater quality. The species include two haptophytes, Emiliana huxleyi and Pavlova lutheri, one chlorophyte, Dunaliella tertiolecta, and three diatoms, Skeleto- nema costatum, Phaeodactylurn tricornutum and Tha- lassiosira pseudonana. A comprehensive and com- parative account of the species' physiological, genet- ic and cultural characteristics includes their cell size, growth rate, sinking rate, tolerance to light intensity, temperature and salinity, and growth requirements. Includes ca. 500 references. Centre d'Oceanol, de Marseille, case 901, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France. (msg)
86:5910 Boulding, E.G. and Trevor Platt, 1986. Variation in
photosynthetic rates among individual cells of a marine dinoflagellate. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser, 29(2): 199-203. Mar. Ecol. Lab., Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.
86:5911 Goldman, J.C. and M.R. Dennett, 1986. Dark CO 2
uptake by the diatom Chaetoceros simplex in response to nitrogen pulsing. Mar. Biol., 90(4): 493-500. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.
86:5912 Miller, R.L. and D.L. Kamykowski, 1986. Short-
term photosynthetic responses in the diatom Nitzschia americana to a simulated salinity environment. J. Plankt. Res., 8(2):305-315. USGS, WRD, 345 Middlefield Rd., MS 496, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.
870 E. Biological Oceanography OLR ( 1986~33 (10)
E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulat ions, etc.; see also B350- Atmospher ic pollution, C210--Chemical pol- lution, F250-Was te disposal)
86:5913 Biesinger, K.E. and G.N. Stokes, 1986. Effects of
synthetic polyelectrolytes on selected aquatic organisms. J. Wat. Pollut. Control Fed., 58(3): 207-213.
Acute toxicity to daphnids, fathead minnows, gammarids, and midges was shown to be a general feature of cationic, but not anionic or nonionic, polyelectrolytes; however, large inter-species vari- ations in sensitivity were apparent. Microscopic gill damage was demonstrated, as was delayed algal growth in a microcosm. Cationic polyelectrolytes were detoxified by anionic electrolytes and three kinds of clay. 6201 Congdon Blvd., Duluth, MN 55804, USA. (gsb)
86:5914 Dean, H.K., Don Maurer, J.A. Vargas and C.H.
Tinsman, 1986. Trace metal concentrations in sediment and invertebrates from the Gulf of Nicoya, Costa Rica. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 17(3): 128-131. Mount Ida Coll., 777 Dedham St., Newton Centre, MA 02159, USA.
86:5915 Denton, G.R.W. and C. Burdon-Jones, 1986. Trace
metals in algae from the Great Barrier Reef. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 17(3):98-107. Dept. of Mar. Biol., James Cook Univ. of No. Queensland, Towns- ville, Qld. 4811, Australia.
86:5916 Fisher, N.S., 1986. On the reactivity of metals for
Metal concentration was analyzed in light of geochemical models describing particle surface chemistry. Concentration factors vary among the metals from ~ 0 to -~106, with differences of less than an order of magnitude among algal species for any particular metal. Regression analyses show that, at equilibrium, the logs of the concentration factors are exponentially related to solubility products of metal hydroxides and to cytotoxicity and linearly related to the log of the mean oceanic residence times (years) of the metals. It would appear that concentration factors and toxicity of metals in marine phytoplankton and oceanic residence times of metals can be predicted to within an order of magnitude from the chemical literature. Brookhaven
Natl. Lab., Oceanogr. Sci. Div., Upton, NY 11973, USA.
86:5917 Flegal, A.R., D.M. Settle and C.C. Patterson, 1986.
Thallium in marine plankton. Mar. Biol., 90(4): 501-503.
Thallium concentrations in phytoplankton, zoo- plankton, and ichthyoplankton from the central Pacific were comparable, as were the atomic ratios of thallium to calcium and to potassium in those organisms. These relatively constant ratios, plus the biounlimited ocean profile of thallium, indicate that it is rapidly cycled through plankton in the same manner as potassium, its principal biogeochemical analogue. The higher atomic ratios of thallium to potassium in pelagic clays and ferromanganese nodules suggest that both biological transport processes and abiotic transport processes influence this trace element's oceanic cycle. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.
86:5918 Martin~ir, D., H.W. Ntirnberg and M. Branica,
1986. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals by bi- valves from Limski Kanal (north Adriatic Sea). II. Copper distribution between oysters, Ostrea edulis, and ambient water. Mar. Chem., 18(2- 4):299-319. Center for Mar. Res., Inst. Rudjer Boskovic, POB 1016, 41001 Zagreb, Croatia, Yugoslavia.
86:5919 Mattsson, Jan and Mats Notini, 1985. Experimental
recolonization by macrozoobenthos in a bay polluted by municipal sewage, oil and heavy metals compared to an unpolluted Baltic bay [on Sweden's east coast]. Ophelia, 24(2):111-124.
Although macrofauna at the polluted site (Oxelrsund) was initially less abundant and diverse than at the control site (Tv~tren), recolonization was faster, and abundance and biomass reached higher levels on boxed artificial sediment at Oxelrsund (diversity remainded higher at Tv~ren). The results suggest a greater resilience in the stressed popu- lations than in the benthos growing under relatively stable conditions. IVL Baltic Sea Lab., Utovagen 5, S-37137 Karlskrona, Sweden. (gsb)
erations for the development of metalliferous sulfides. Mar, Technol. Soc. J., 19(4):57-61.
The Gorda Ridge represents the only ocean spread- ing center, and thus the sole source of active
OLR (I,986) 33 (10) E. Biological Oceanography 871
mineralization of this type, within the United States EEZ. A scheduled lease sale for the Gorda Ridge was postponed in 1984, and led to the formation of the joint federal-state Gorda Ridge Technical Task Force, charged with an analysis of the economic, engineering and environmental implications of the proposed lease. The Task Force has set priorities and studies have begun, but environmental impact analysis will not occur for quite some time. Oregon Dept. of Geol. and Min. Indust., Portland, OR, USA.
86:5921 Noro, Tadahide, 1985. Mechanism of manganese
uptake by a green alga, Duualiella tertlolecta Butcher. Mere. Fac. Fish. Kagoshima Univ., 34(2): 183-244.
Physiological and biochemical studies of Mn uptake from culture medium by the euryhaline alga D. tertiolecta were conducted, including: state of Mn taken up, structure of the alga in relation to transport, effect of Mn on growth and metabolism, uptake and release under various conditions, dis- tribution of Mn in the cell, and Mn sensitivity of ATPase. The results suggest an active transport uptake mechanism via membrane channels or pumps powered by Mn-ATPase. Intracellular storage is mostly in the form of ions on low molecular weight compounds near the membrane. Includes ca. 150 references. Lab. Mar. Bot., Kagoshima Univ., 50-20 Shimoarata 4, Kagoshima City, 890 Japan. (gsb)
with separate sections detailing effects on zooplank- ton, molluscs and crustaceans. Fish and mammals are also reviewed, while effects on birds are de- scribed in terms of effects on individuals, toxico- logical studies, direct mortality and effects on populations. The possible carcinogenic and taste- tainting effects of petroleum hydrocarbons in the diet of human populations are considered, as well as some of the adverse economic consequences of the effect of oil on fishing gear and recreational amenities. Includes ca. 250 references. MARC, Chelsea Coll., Univ. of London, 459A Fulham Rd., London SW10 0QX, UK.
86:5925 Stauber, J.L. and T.M. Florence, 1985. Interactions
of copper and manganese: a mechanism by which manganese alleviates copper toxicity to the marine diatom, Nitzsc/ffa elosterium (Ehrenberg) W. Smith. Aquat. Toxicol., 7(4):241-254. CSIRO Div. of Energy Chem., Private Mail Bag 7, Sutherland, NSW 2232, Australia.
86:5926 Steimle, F.W., P.D. Boehm, V.S. Zdanowicz and
R.A. Bruno, 1986. Organic and trace metal levels in ocean quahog, Arctics islandics Linn6, from the northwestern Atlantic. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Serv., U.S., 84(1): 133-140. NEFC, NMFS, NOAA, Highlands, NJ 07732, USA.
86:5922 Ostgaard, Kjetill and Arne Jensen, 1985. Acute
phytotoxicity of oil-based drilling muds. Oil Petrochem. Pollut., 2(4):281-291. Inst. of Mar. Biochem., N-7034 Trondheim-NTH, Norway.
86:5923 Romeo, M. and E. Nicolas, 1986. Cadmium, copper,
lead and zinc in three species of planktonic crustaceans from the east coast of Corsica. Mar. Chem., 18(2-4):359-367. Lab. de Physique et Chim. Mar., BP 8 La Darse, 06230 Villefrance sur mer, France.
86:5924 Samiullah, Yusaf, 1985. Biological effects of marine
This review considers marine oil pollution in terms of biological effects on fauna, flora and the partic- ularly vulnerable polar, salt-marsh, mangrove and coral habitats. Invertebrates in general are discussed,
86:5927 Stoepler, Markus, Mechthild Burow, Friedrich Back-
haus, Winfried Schramm and H.W. Ntlrnberg, 1986. Arsenic in seawater and brown algae of the Baltic and the North Sea. Mar. Chem., 18(2- 4):321-334. Inst. of Appl. Phys. Chem., Nuclear Res. Centre, Juelich, P.O. Box 1913, D-5170 Juelich, FRG.
86:5928 Swinbanks, D.D. and Yoshihisa Shirayama, 1986.
High levels of natural radlonuclides in a deep-sea infaunal xenophyophore. Nature, Lond., 320(6060):354-358.
High accumulation (450-520 dpm/g dry weight) of 2'°Pb in the waste and protoplasmic body of Occultammina profunda found in Izu-Ogasawara Trench sediments suggests 320-350 dpm/g dry weight of 226Ra concentrated in intracellular barite crystals, resulting in a natural radiation exposure of several Sv/yr, among the highest documented. O. profunda apparently produces subsurface transient peaks of 2~°Pb with little or no sediment mixing.
872 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1986) 33 (10)
Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, 1-15-1 Minamidai, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164, Japan. (gsb)
86:5929 Uthe, J.F. et al., 1986. Effect of waste treatment at a
lead smelter on cadmium levels in American lobster (Homanas americanus), sediments and seawater in the adjacent coastal zone. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 17(3): 118-123.
Cadmium concentrations in lobsters, sediments and water are used to illustrate the substantial reduction in contamination that has taken place in Belldune Harbour, New Brunswick, between 1980 and 1984, when a lead smelting plant adjacent to the harbour improved its waste treatment facilities. Cadmium concentrations in the digestive glands of harbour lobsters decreased after peaking in 1981 and have declined in cooked lobster meat by approximately 50% in the same period. Concentrations in seawater and surficial sediments have also declined, although sediment/depth profiles exhibit cadmium-rich layers indicative of elevated discharges prior to treatment facility improvements. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Halifax Fish. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 550, Halifax, NS B3J 2S7, Canada.
A century ago the Bavarian geologist, Karl Wilhelm von Gtlmbel, proposed a hydrothermal origin for the iron and manganese concretions found in ferro- manganese nodules. His theory, disavowed by his contemporaries, was only resurrected in the middle of this century. The author of this historical perspective suggests that Gtlmbel's hypothesis was based on his experiences on land rather than his examination of the nodules themselves; thus the ultimate success of his hypothesis may have been due to 'favorable scientific preadaptation rather than to superior perspicacity.' Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA. (msg)
86:5932 Schnick, R.A., F.P. Meyer and D.F. Walsh, 1986.
Status of fishery chemicals in 1985. Progressive Fish-Culturist, 48(I): 1-17.
A summary list of registered or approved products is provided for fishery uses, effective June 1985. The current status of efforts to register others and a discussion of the need for new products are pre- sented. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., NFRL, P.O. Box 818, La Crosse, WI 54602, USA.
A chamber for laboratory rearing of aquatic inver- tebrates is composed of plastic dishes, through which a recirculating water volume is passed. The design ensures identical water quality in a high number of parallels. The chamber is constructed for rearing the freshwater amphipod Gammarus pulex, but can be used in studies of growth, reproduction etc. of other aquatic invertebrates as well. Stream and Benthic Ecol. Gr., Univ. of Lund, Box 65, 221 00 Lund, Sweden.
86:5933 Shelton, W.L., 1986. Strategies for reducing risks
from introductions of aquatic organisms: an aquaculture perspective. Fisheries, 11(2):!6-19.
The use of exotic organisms presents considerable potential for aquaculture systems in the United States; however, development of the positive aspects must be balanced with efforts to incorporate a functional protocol over the controlled entry of promising species. The process should include requirements for import permits, examination of potential conflict with native fauna, and a period of efficacy testing. Reproductive control considerations should be a prime requisite of the initial testing period in closed or open systems. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, OK, USA.
the origin of manganese nodules. Eos, 67(14): 169, 175.
86:5934 Teshima, S-I., Akio Kanazawa and Masahiko Yama-
shita, 1986. Dietary value of several proteins and supplemental amino acids for larvae of the prawn Penaeus japonicus. Aquaculture, 51(3-4):225-235. Fac. of Fish. Univ. of Kagoshima, 4-50-20 Shimoarata, Kagoshima 890, Japan.
OLR t1986) 33(10) 873
E370. Theoretical biology and ecology
86:5935 Welden, C.W. and W.L. Slauson, 1986. The intensity
of competition versus its importance: an over- looked distinction and some implications. Q. Rev. Biol., 61(1):23-44.
The relative role of competition in stressful habitats and the prevalence of competition as an agent of community stress are subjects of two long-standing ecological debates. It is proposed that these issues are muddled by confusion between the 'intensity of competition' and the 'importance of competition' and that distinguishing these concepts will clarify the issues and generate testable hypotheses. Application of these ideas to methods used to study competition and new research approaches are discussed. Dept. of Bot., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. (msg)
tive.] Special issue. Bioscience, 36(4):230-269; 4 papers.
The introductory essay focuses on the climatic and biotic features of the Antarctic and its history of scientific investigation and cooperation. New re- search efforts are overviewed in four articles which discuss sea-ice microbial communities, ice-edge phytoplankton production, ice edges and seabird occurrences, and krill productivity. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Calif., Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. (msg)
EA10. Miscellaneous
86:5937 Bartholomew, G.A., 1986. The role of natural history
in contemporary biology. Bioscience, 36(4):324- 329.
Biology has come to incorporate the study of a nested hierarchy of organized systems ranging in size from the molecular to the global. Rarely do its students communicate more than one or two levels up or down, and with 400,000 non-clinical biological papers published annually, that isn't surprising. But most of these papers are never cited, and it could be that at their best they answer questions that are simply irrelevant. Biology needs a focus; it ought to be on organisms, and its questions posed at, or at least related to, that level. But to pose good questions about organisms requires observing them in their natural state. Too bad that Webster's Third defines 'natural history' as a 'former' branch of knowledge. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Calif., Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA. (fcs)
86:5938 Edler, Lars, Stina Fern6, M.G. Lind, Rudolf Lund-
berg and P.O. Nilsson, 1985. Mortality of dogs associated with a bloom of the cyanobacterium Nodularia spumigena in the Baltic Sea. Ophelia, 24(2): 103-109.
A case history is presented of the poisoning of nine dogs which were exposed to a normal summer bloom of N. spumigena along the Swedish Baltic coast. Generally such blooms are harmless; on occasion, however, they are toxic to animals. Dept. of Mar. Bot., Univ. of Lund, Box 124, S-22100 Lund, Sweden. (msg)
