Biological oceanography

:'54 OLR (1985) 32 (7~

Phys., NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA.

85:3716 Steele, I.M., J.V. Smith and D.E. Brownlee, 1985.

Minor-element signature of relic olivine grains in deep-sea particles [DSP]: a match with forsterites from C2 meteorites. Nature, Lond., 313(6000): 297-299.

High-precision electron microprobe analyses of relic forsterites in 13 different DSP compare the minor- element (Mn, Cr, Ca, Ti, A1) signatures with those of olivines found in several types of meteorites. DSP olivines do not match those from terrestrial and lunar rocks and achondritic meteorites; match poorly those of the carbonaceous Allende (CV3) and Orgeuil (CI) meteorites; but are well matched with olivines from C2 meteorites, including the unusual Belgica 7904 meteorite. This demonstrates the power of the minor-element signature to fingerprint olivines. Dept. of the Geophys. Sci., Univ. of Chicago, IL 60637, USA.

85:3717 Turekian, K.K. and J.-M. Luck, 1984. Estimation of

continental ~Os/IS6Os values by using

Is:Os/IS6Os and mNd/144Nd ratios in marine manganese nodules. Proc. natn. Acad. Sci. U.S.A., 81 (24): 8032-8034.

Atlantic Ocean drainages yield ~7Os/~S6Os of about l l; the Pacific Ocean, between 25 and 36: and the western Indian Ocean, 20. By assuming a two- component continental crust composed of ultramafic rocks (high Os concentration, low ~S7Os/~6Os) and granite with only radiogenic J~7Os produced in accessory Re-bearing molybdenite, the ultramafic contribution to weathering is about 0.2%. Some or most of this may come from the alteration of oceanic ultramafics. Dept. of Geol. and Geophys., Yale Univ., P.O. Box 6666, New Haven, CT 0651 l, USA.

85:3718 Yin, Yanhong and Henai Yang, 1984. Analysis on

the tectonic stress produced by the variation of angular velocity of the Earth's rotation. Mar. Geol. Quat. Geol., 4(4):89-114. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Mar. Geol., Ministry of Geol. and Min. Res.. People's Republic of China.

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

El0. Apparatus and methods

85:3719 Beals, E.W., 1984. Bray-Curtis ordination: an effec-

tive strategy for analysis of multivariate ecological data. Adv. ecol. Res., 14:1-55.

85:3720 Buth, D.G., 1984. The application of electrophoretic

data in systematic studies. A. Rev. Ecol. @st., 15:501-522.

An historical perspective is used to explain the usefulness of electrophoretic (allozyme and isozyme) data, and to explore the causes of controversy over methods and data analysis. The review concludes with a list of 'recommendations for the phytogenetic application of allozyme data in systematic studies.' Dept. of Biol., UCLA, CA 90024, USA. (mjj)

85:3721 Huber, A.L., 1984. A simple method for the isolation

and enumeration of sparse populations of cyanobacteria in estuarine waters. J. Phycol., 20(4): 619-621.

A simple, sensitive assay method based on the standard membrane-filter plate count technique, differentiates between viable and nonviable cells. An estuarine water-based agar medium was found to be the most suitable medium for isolation of cyanobacteria. Because of the restricted nature of colony development, isolation of individual species is easily accomplished. Dept. of Soil Sci. and Plant Nutrition, Univ. of Western Australia, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia.

85:3722 Ibanez, F., 1984. Segmentation of planktonic mul-

tivariate chronological series. Oceanologica A cta, 7(4):481-491. (In French, English abstract.)

OLR (1985) 32 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 555

The structure and relationships of chronological oceanographical series vary both with time and along transects; global treatment of data is unsuit- able. Four bases for segmentation are presented: estimation of the quantity of information in the signal at each data point; automatic detection of simultaneous variations in amplitude and correlation of the descriptors; location of direction changes in population gradients; and optimal segmentation of the multivariate series to find homogeneous zones. Sta. Zool., 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

85:3723 Kogure, Kazuhiro, Usio Simidu and Nobuo Taga,

1984. An improved direct viable count [DVC] method for aquatic bacteria. Arch. Hydrobio[., 102(1): 117-122.

The DVC method was modified to facilitate dif- ferentiation of aquatic bacteria. After adding yeast extract, and three antibiotics (piromidic, pipemidic and nalidixic acid) which inhibit bacterial division during incubation, seawater samples were incubated for 8 hr at 20°C, followed by fluorescent microscopic observation and counting of living bacterial cells. Results obtained from the coastal area in Japan were almost the same as those by the original method, which uses only nalidixic acid and 6 hr incubation.

85:3724 Pillar, S.C., 1984. A comparison of the performance of

four zooplankton samplers. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci., 2:1-18.

Sampling performance of a vertically towed WP.2 net (200 pan mesh), a double obliquely towed Bongo net (300 and 500 #m mesh), a horizontally towed Miller net (300 #m mesh) and a 7.6-cm diameter centrifugal pump (200 #In mesh) was compared in the southern Benguela Current. Variability in the biomass and the size and numbers of seven copepod taxa and one euphausiid species were examined with respect to avoidance, mesh size and fishing mode. There was no evidence of avoidance of any sampler by copepods or euphausiid larvae; avoidance appeared to be partly responsible for the lower catches of juvenile and adult euphausiids by the WP.2 net and the pump. The Miller and Bongo nets caught similar numbers and size ranges of juvenile and adult euphausiids. Total retention only occurred if the width of the copepods was considerably larger than the mesh width. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Cape Town, S. Africa.

FA0. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecology, etc.)

85:3725 GonzCtlez-Sans6n, Gaspar and C.A. Betancourt,

1984. [Ecology of the coastal lagoons of the southeastern region of Cuba.] Revta Investnes mar., Cuba, 9(1):127-170. (In Spanish.)

85:3726 Jansson, B.-O. and Fredrik Wulff, 1977. Ecosystem

analysis of a shallow sound in the northern Baltic. A joint study by the AskO group. Contr. AskO Lab. Univ. Stockholm, 18:160pp.

Samples from the five major subsystems (Clado- phora, Fucus, Ruppia, soft-bottom, and pelagic) were enclosed in-situ in transparent plastic bags to assess their relative contributions to total community metabolism. Light, temperature, pH, oxygen, PO 4, NH4, NO 3 and NO 2 were measured. Although this type of experimentation excludes feedback loops and therefore cannot be used to characterize the Baltic ecosystem, the approach does yield important information on energy flow in marine systems. Asko Lab., S-150 13 Trosa, Sweden. (msg)

85:3727 Nair, K.V.K. and S. Ganapathy, 1983. Baseline

ecology of Edaiyur--Sadras estuarine system at Kalpaldmm [India]. Part 1. General hydrographic and chemical features. Mahasagar, 16(2):143- 151. Environ. Surv. Lab., Kalpakkam, Tamil- nadu 603 102, India.

85:3728 Shaughnessy, P.D., 1984. Historical population levels

of seals and seabirds on islands off southern Africa, with special reference to Seal Island, False Bay. Investl Rept, Div. Sea Fish., Repub. S. Afr., 127:61pp.

The history of seal harvesting, the seabird guano industry, and island management since the early 1600's are documented for seven islands; more information was available for Seal Island, the island closest to Cape Town, than the others. Changes in seal and seabird (gannets, cormorants, penguins, etc.) populations are estimated where possible and related to past exploitation regimes. In the last 100 years numbers of seals have increased while seabirds have declined, primarily due to human interference. Even if human harvesting ceased, island faunas probably would not revert to their original status. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Cape Town, South Africa. (mjj)

556 t!. P, Lologlcal O c e a n o ~ a p h \ O L R (1985) 32 (7)

E50. General biology, ecology, bioge- ography, etc.

85:3729 Breitburg, D.L., 1985. Development of a subtidal

epibenthic community: factors affecting species composition and the mechanisms of succession. Oecologia, 65(2): 173-184.

A 13-month study of communities developing on plexiglass plates demonstrated that 4 factors influence species composition: effects of prior residents, grazing, season in which plate was started, and small-scale spatial variation (patchiness). The mechanisms that determined succession were interactions among individuals ('generalized here to species'), not between successional stages. Benedict Estuarine Res. Lab., Acad. of Nat. Sci., Benedict, MD 20612, USA. (mwf)

85:3730 Dahl, A.L., 1984. Biogeographical aspects of isolation

in the Pacific. Ambio, 13(5-6):302-305.

Life in the South Pacific depends on the interplay of many environmental factors such as distances between islands, directions of prevailing winds and currents, and differences in island composition. The present biogeographic pattern, including an endem- ism unparalleled elsewhere, represents only one instant in an age-old progression of colonization, extinction and isolated evolution and is now being disrupted by human influences. P.O. Box 1146, Noumea, New Caledonia.

85:3731 Edmunds, L.N. Jr., 1984. Physiology of circadian

rhythms in micro--organisms. Adv. microb. Physiol., 25:61-139.

Temporal organization and general properties of circadian rhythms are overviewed in the introduc- tory section. The body of the paper considers circadian rhythms in selected, well-studied genera of protozoa, unicellular and lower algae, and fungi. The concluding section discusses the interfaces between ultradian (~24 h periods), circadian, and infradian (~24 h) rhythms; nature and evolution of circadian rhythmicity; multiple cellular oscillators; chrono- pharmacology and chronotherapy; and cell cycle clocks in development and aging. Includes 9 pages of references. Dept. of Anat. Sci., Sch. of Med., SUNY, Stony Brook, NY, USA. (mjj)

85:3732 Jones, K.G.C., 1985. Nitrogen fixation as a control in

the nitrogen cycle. J. theor. Biol., 112(2)315-332.

To assess the importance of N cycle components to biomass regulation in nitrogen-limited organisms, a partial N cycle model for seagrass was constructed. Of the three N sources modelled (detritus, excretion, and N fixation), only N fixation appeared capable of regulating the standing crop, although it was insuf- ficient by itself to return a perturbed system to equilibrium. Implications for terrestrial agricultural systems are discussed. 1534 West Iowa, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA. (gsb)

85:3733 Pellegrino, C.R., 1984. The role of desiccation

pressures and surface area/volume relationships on seasonal zonation and size distribution of four intertidal decapod Crostacea from New Zealand: implications for adaptation to land. Crustaceana, 47(3):251-268.

An analysis of the distribution of Cyclograpsus lavauxi, Hemigrapsus edwardsi, Heterozius rotundi- from, and Petrolisthes elongatus in the intertidal zone of two transects at the Wellington Marine Labo- ratory suggests that the surface area/volume ratio affects desiccation resistance and causes the observed seasonal changes in population density and size distribution. Results showed a lower size limit, unrelated to sex, species, genus or family, that increased with elevation from the low tide level. 118 Pine St., Rockville Centre, New York, NY 11570, USA. (msg)

85:3734 Sousa, W.P., 1984. The role of disturbance in natural

communities. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 15:353-391.

Emphasized in this review are: (1) the factors determining 'natural regimes of disturbance'; (2) responses to disturbance on both organism and evolutionary levels, and (3) effects of disturbance on population abundance, species composition of guilds, and population and community structure and dynamics on local and regional scales. Disturbance is seen as possibly more important than competition or predation. Includes ca. 250 references. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Calif., Berkeley, CA 94720, USA. (mjj)

85:3735 Werner, E.E. and J.F. Gilliam, 1984. The ontogenetic

niche and species interactions in s ~ populations. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 15:393-425.

Ontogenetic shifts in diet and habitat use are shown to be very common; most examples are of freshwater invertebrates and vertebrates. Consequences for species interactions and community structure are explored. 'A conceptual framework for predicting

OLR (1985)32 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 557

ontogenetic shifts' is presented, along with possible ways to investigate their ecological and evolutionary effects. Incorporation of life history into the framework of population dynamics is discussed, and some results of population models are reviewed. Includes ca. 200 references. Kellogg Biol. Sta., Michigan State Univ., Hickory Corners, MI 49060, USA. (mjj)

85:3736 Yodzis, Peter, 1984. Energy flow and the vertical

structm'e of real ecosystems. Oecologia, 65(1):86- 88.

Three possible explanations for the well-known limitation of food chain lengths generally to two or three links are subjected to an empirical test, using the fact that ectotherms, especially invertebrates, tend to have higher production efficiencies than endotherms. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that food chain lengths are limited by the availability of energy. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Guelph, ON N1G 2WI, Canada.

85:3737 Zezina, O.N., 1984. Hydrobiologicai and historical

reasons for faanistic asynnnetry in the bathyal zone. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:7-17. (In Russian, English abstract.)

ES0. Plankton (also pr imary productivity, seston and detritus)

85:3738 Brown, P.C., 1984. Primary production at two

contrasting nearshore sites in the southern Ben- guela Upwelling region, 1977-1979. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci., 2:205-215.

Mean annual biomass for the nearshore euphotic zone was estimated at 80 mg chl a/m: and production at 1254 g C/m 2 y-l. Despite parameters being more variable in summer (the upwelling season) than in winter, integrated values were surprisingly similar. During the summer, production and biomass levels at a site where active upwelling occurred were about half those at an adjacent site where the water column was more stable. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012, Cape Town, South Africa.

85:3739 Cortrs, A.R. and N.P. Miranda, 1984. Composition,

abundance and distribution of phytoplankton of Estero Udas, Sin., Mrxico. Period llI, autumn (1980). Rev. Lat-amer. Microbiol~ 26(4):353-363. (In Spanish, English abstract.)

85:3740 Devassy, V.P., 1983. Plankton production associated

with cold water incursion into the estuarine environment. Mahasagar, 16(2):221-233. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

85:3741 Devassy, V.P., P.M.A. Bhattathiri and K. Radha-

krishna, 1983. Primary production in the Bay of Bengal during August 1977. Mahasagar, 16(4): 443-447. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

85:3742 Hallegraeff, G.M. and S.W. Jeffrey, 1984. Tropical

phytoplankton species and pigments of continental shelf waters of north and northwest Australia. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 20(1-2):59-74.

Phytoplankton of the shelf waters of the Gulf of Carpentaria, Arafura Sea, Timor Sea and NW Australia comprise a basically diatom flora. Large morphologically elaborate tropical diatoms and dinoflagellates of this shelf region show great species diversity and a variety of symbiotic associations. In contrast, the tropical nanoplankton are remarkably similar in species composition to those of subtropical and temperate Australian waters. Nanoplankton accounts for 70 to 97% of total phytoplankton chlorophyll (which ranged 10-55 mg/m 2) except in local diatom or Trichodesmium blooms. CSIRO Mar. Lab., G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

85:3743 Jacques, Guy and Nicolas Hoepffner, 1984. Sinking

rates of subantarctic neritic phytoplankton. C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (Srr. III)299(14):581-584. (In French, English abstract.)

Sinking rates of Kerguelen Island phytoplankton measured on sinking columns in the laboratory ranged 0.1-0.5 m/day and were among the lowest values recorded for oceanic plankton. The relationship of these values to those in real Antarctic communities is discussed. Lab. Arago, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France. (msg)

85:3744 Kahru, M., J. Elken, I. Kotta, M. Simm and K.

Vilbaste, 1984. Plankton distributions and proc- esses across a front in the open Baltic Sea. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 20(1-2): 101-111.

Sections of the temperature-salinity structure in the SE Gotland Basin revealed a pronounced salinity front. A water mass with anomalously low salinity extended vertically across the horizontally uniform

558 E. Bioh)gical Oceanograph3 OLR (1985) 32 (7)

thermocline. Plankton distribution and primary productivity showed features consistent with the frontal structure. It is suggested that upwelling of nutrient-rich water in the frontal zone triggered the productivity peak, whereas the subsequent advection and diffusion were instrumental for the observed broader chlorophyll maximum. Owing to the lower phytoplankton/zooplankton ratio, the nutrient cy- cling had to be faster in the higher-salinity water mass. Dept. of the Baltic Sea, Inst. of Thermophys. and Electrophys., Paldiski St. I, Tallinn 200031, USSR.

85:3745 Kozasa, Etsuji, 1984. Distribution of chlorophyll in

the East China Sea. II. Characteristics measured with a satellite LANDSAT 3 in May 1982. Bull. Seikai reg. Fish. Res. Lab., 61:223-233. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

85:3746 Maddock, Linda and F.J. Taylor, 1984. The appli-

cation of multivariate statistical methods to phytoplankton counts from the Hanraki Gulf, New Zealand. N.Z. Jl mar. Freshwat. Res., 18(3):309-322. Mar. Biol. Assoc., The Labora- tory, Citadel Hill, Plymouth, UK.

85:3747 Madhupratap, M., 1983. Zooplankton standing stock

and diversity along an oceanic track in the western Indian Ocean. Mahasagar, 16(4):463- 467.

Zooplankton samples were collected from 13 stations in January-February, 1981. Standing stock varied between 1.6 and 10.4 mL/100 m 3 and was generally poor. Higher biomass was associated with higher nutrient concentration. Comparisons with earlier observations show an increasing diversity from estuaries to coastal environments and oceanic areas. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula 403 004, Goa, India.

85:3748 Nair, V.R., C.T. Achuthankutty and S.R.S. Nair,

1983. Zooplankton variability in the Zuari Estu- ary, Goa [India]. Mahasagar, 16(2):235-242. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Reg. Centre Sea Shell, Seven Bungalows, Versova, Bombay 400 061, India.

85:3749 Pillar, S.C., 1984. Diel variation in the vertical

distribution of some common zooplankton species off the west coast of South Africa. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci., 2:71-80.

The majority of the seven copepod species showed no marked diel movement. Those that did migrate (Nannocalanus minor and Metridia lucens) showed evidence of reverse migratory behaviour. There was ontogenetic layering in the vertical range of Eu- phausia lucens: while the calyptopis larvae remained near the surface and did not migrate, the older stages did, with the juvenile and adults moving through a greater depth range than the younger furcilia stages. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012, Cape Town, South Africa.

85:3750 Shannon, L.V., L. Hutchings, G.W. Bailey and p.A.

Shelton, 1984. Spatial and temporal distribution of chlorophyll in southern African waters as deduced from ship and satellite measurements and their implleatio~ for pelagic fisheries. S. A fr. J. mar. Sci., 2:109-130.

There was a narrow coastal band of moderate to high chlorophyll a (3 to in excess of 10 mg m -3) at the surface between Cape Cross (22°S) and MOwe Point (19°S) throughout most of the year; in much of the area between 23 and 33°S concentrations reached maximum values in autumn. High chlorophyll a levels were observed in the St. Helena Bay area throughout the year; a narrower band of high concentrations extended southward to Cape Agulhas during summer. Low to moderate concentrations occurred over the entire coastal zone during winter. In the Algoa region moderate chlorophyll concentrations were associated with a wedge-shaped zone of coastal and dynamic upwelling. Implications for pelagic fisheries, particularly anchovy, are discussed. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012, Cape Town, S. Africa.

85:3751 Shenker, J.M., 1984. Scyphomedusae in surface

waters near the Oregon coast, May-August, 1981. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 19(6):619-632.

Between May and August 1981, scyphomedusae were collected in 263 commercial purse seine samples taken along 12 transects from the 37 m isobath up to 48 km from shore; the capacity of the sampling gear was exceeded by medusae in 7 samples. Chrysaora fuscescens was dominant each month, and reached a maximum density of 1800 L of medusae per 105 m 3, or approximately 50 mg C/m 3. Three other medusae were much less abundant. Hydrographic patterns influencing distribution are discussed. Hatfield Mar. Sci. Center, Oregon State Univ., Newport, OR 97365, USA. (mwf)

O LR (1985) 32 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 559

85:3752 Smith, W.O. and D.M. Nelson, 1985. Phytoplankton

bloom produced by a receding ice edge in the Ross Sea: spatial coherence with the density field. Science, 227(4683): 163-166.

A dense phytoplankton bloom extending 250 km from the ice edge was restricted to water of reduced salinity and enhanced vertical stability. Unusually high biogenic Si:C ratios resulted in high biogenic Si concentrations despite only moderately high chlorophyll values. Epontic algae associated with pack ice may have acted as inoculum for the bloom; fate of material produced is uncertain. Bot. Dept., Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA. (mwf)

E90. Sargassum and symbionts (also similar communities)

85:3753 Gruet, Yves, 1984. [The brown algae Sargassum

muticum Yendo (Fenshoit) originally from Japan has overrun the French Atlantic coast after colonizing the English Channel.] Bull. Soc. Sci. nat. Ouest Fr., 6(1):1-8. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Biol. mar., U.E.R. des Sci. de la Nature, 2, rue la Houssiniere 44072, Nantes Cedex, France.

85:3754 Stoner, A.W. and H.S. Greening, 1984. Geographic

variation in the macrofaunal associates of pelagic Sargasstm~ and some biogeographic implications. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 20(1-2):185-192.

Algae collected in the Sargasso Sea carried more species endemic to pelagic Sargassum than algae collected in the Gulf Stream, where numerous temporary associates were found. The shrimp Latreutes fucorum dominated (67.8%) Gulf Stream samples; the gastropod Litiopa melanostoma weakly dominated (25.1%) Sargasso Sea samples. Results suggest that influx of littoral fauna to the Sargasso Sea is very slow and present forms may have evolved in that water mass. Center for Energy and Environ. Res., Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00708, USA. (mwf)

El00. Nekton (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)

85:3755 Agenbag, J.J., I. Kruger and F. Le Clus, 1984.

Environmental factors associated with a distinct

decline in pelagic fish abundance as detected by aerial fish spotting in February and March 1982 off northern South West Africa. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci., 2:93-107. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay, 8012 Cape Town, S. Africa.

85:3756 Croxall, J.P., I. Everson, G.L. Kooyman, C. Ricketts

and R.W. Davis, 1985. Fur seal diving behaviour in relation to vertical distribution of krill. J. Anim. Ecol., 54(1): 1-8. British Antarctic Surv., NERC, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

85:3757 Nerini, M.K., H.W. Braham, W.M. Marquette and

D.J. Rugh, 1984. Life history of the bowhead whale, Balaena mysticetus (Mammalia: Cetacea). J. Zool., Proc. zool. Soc. Lond., 204(4):443-468.

Using data from the literature and from bowhead landings by Eskimos from 1973-1982, it is estimated that length is 4-4.5 m at birth, 8.2 m at one year, and 14 m at sexual maturity in females; maximum length is ~20 m. The gestation period is estimated at 13 months and lactation may last one year. Calving occurs every 3-6 years. These estimates are expected to change as more data become available. Gross annual reproductive rates, mortality, and sex ratios are discussed. Natl. Mar. Mammal Lab., NWAFC, NMFS, 7600 Sand Point Way N.E., Seattle, WA 98115, USA. (msg)

85:3758 Schulman, Alisa, 1984. Humpback whale (Megaptera

novaeangliae) [first] sighting off Los Angeles Harbor, southern California. Bull. south. Calif. Acad. Sci., 83(3): 157-162.

85:3759 Shaughnessy, P.D. and P. Chapman, 1984. Com-

mensaI Cape fur seals in Cape Town [South Africa] docks. S. Afr. J. mar. Sci., 2:81-91. CSIRO, Inst. of Biol. Res., P.O. Box 225, Dickson, ACT 2602, Australia.

El10. Bottom communities

85:3760 BaUantine, D.L., 1984. Hurricane-induced mass

mortalities to a tropical subtidal algal community and subsequent recoveries. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 20(1-2):75-83.

Hurricanes David (Aug. 1979) and Allen (Aug. 1980) caused extensive mass mortalities in a subtidal

560 E. Biological Oceanograph 5 OLR (1985) 32 (7)

benthic algal community (off SW Puerto Rico, in 17 m of water) which normally supports a rich algal flora. Recolonization proceeded with continual accumulation of species; at the scale examined, recruitment appeared to be a random process. Competitive displacement of initial colonizing species was not observed, and recoveries were quali- tatively considered to be complete within 1 yr of the disturbances. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Puerto Rico, Mayaguez, PR 00708, USA.

85:3761 Faure, G6rard, Mireille Guillaume, Claude Payri,

B.A. Thomassin, Michel Van Praet and Pierre Vasseur, 1984. Massive bleaching and death of corals [May-Jane 19831 in the Mayotte Reef ecosystem (SW Indian Ocean). C. r. Acad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. III)299(15):637-642. (In French, English abstract.)

All hydrocorals and many scleractinians were affected in the lagoon and on the barrier reef outer slope; soft-corals, zoanthids and actinians also suffered. Bleaching of corals (Goniopora) was associated with the loss of symbiotic zooxanthellae. Abnormal environmental conditions seemed to be responsible for the disequilibrium of the coral reef ecosystem. Centre Univ. de la Reunion, U.E.R. Sci., B.P. no. 5, 97490 Sainte-Clotilde, France.

85:3762 Fenwick, G.D., 1984. Partitioning of a rippled sand

habitat by five infaanal crustaceans. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 83(1):53-72. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

85:3763 Kuznetsov, A.P., 1984. On the role of Bivalvia in the

sea benthos: feeding adaptations and trophic structure. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:47-59. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Discussed are the importance of Bivalvia to benthic communities since the Miocene; the possibility of determining bivalve productivity in the past using the ratio of soft and hard tissues in present-day molluscs; and gill palp structure as an indicator of feeding adaptations and of trophic classification. (msg)

85:3764 Kuznetzov, A.P. and N.G. Vinogradova (eds.), 1984.

Structure, formation and ways of distribution of the ocean bottom fauna. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:213pp; 18 papers. (In Russian, English abstracts.)

Papers are based on studies in various portions of the Atlantic, Pacific and Mediterranean basins; investigations centered on numerous taxa among Bivalvia, Anthozoa, Polychaeta, echiurans, nudi- branchs, Cephalopoda, Amphipoda, Brachiopoda and Echinoidea. Other topics include reasons for faunistic asymmetry in the bathyal zone, characteristics and species compositions of deep-sea bottom faunas, and general investigations and quantitative grab samples in the NW and NE Atlantic benthic regions, respectively. (sir)

85:3765 Marcot-Coqueugniot, J., C.F. Boudouresque and M.

Knoepffler, 1983. The phytobenthos of the infralittoral fringe in the Port-Vendres Harbour (Pyr6n~s--Orientales, France). Part one. Vie Milieu, 33(3-4):161-169. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. d'Ecol, du Benthos, Case 901, 70 route Leon Lachamp, 13288 Marseille Cedex 9, France.

85:3766 Mokeyeva, N.P., 1984. Quantitative benthic grab

samples in the west-European basin of the Atlantic Ocean. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:205-207. (In Russian, English abstract.)

85:3767 Nandi, Soumen and Amalesh Choudhury, 1983.

Quantitative studies on the benthic macrofauna of Sagar Island, intertidal zones, Sunderbans, India. Mahasagar, 16(3):409-414. Mar. and Estuar. Biol. Res. Unit, Calcutta Univ., 700 019, India.

85:3768 Renaud-Mornant, Jeanne and Nicole Gourbault,

1984. [First survey of meiofanna in Guadeloupe. II. Communities of the sandy coastline.] Hydro- biologia, 118(1):113-118. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. des Vers, Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., 61 rue de Buffon, F 75231 Paris Cedex 05, France.

85:3769 Sokolova, M.N., 1984. Species composition of pop-

ulations of the deelr-sea trophic regions. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:33-46. (In Russian, English abstract.)

The distributional patterns of 132 macrobenthic invertebrate species and subspecies from areas with different feeding conditions were studied to determine the trophic impact. Three types of species distribution were discerned: near-continental, oceanic and panthalassic. Species abundance indicated


population diminishing from near-continental to oceanic eutrophic to oligotrophic regions. (lit)

85:3770 Turpaeva, E.P., 1984. Characteristics of the deep-sea

bottom fauna of the Pacific equatorial zone. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:18-24. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Fifty grab samples from depths of 4700-5630 m at three locations were taken. In addition to the usual metazoans, Xenophyophoria, Komokiacea and col- onies of unknown protozoans with tissue structures similar to the Komokiacea were found. All samples having biomass >0.2 g/m 2 were taken from small fractures under thick sediments, suggesting that the activity of chemotrophic organisms in small hydrothermal vents may provide organic matter enrichment. (lit)

85:3771 Vinogradova, N.G., R.Ja. Levenstein and F.A.

Pasternak, 1984. Benthic investigations in the North American Basin of the Atlantic Ocean. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:25-32. (In Russian, English abstract.)

Trawl catches made at A.~9-5450 m depth in the North American Basin are described. Catches were poor from the southern part (oceanic oligotrophic region); comparisons were made with benthos from other North Atlantic abyssal plains. (lit)

85:3772 Wilson, J.G., 1982. The littoral fauna of Dublin Bay.

It. Fish. Invest., (B)26:19pp. Environ. Sci. Unit., Trinity Coll., Dublin 2, Ireland.

El20. Estuarine, marsh and mangrove communities

85:3773 All, M.A.S., K. Krishnamurthy and M.J.P. Jeya-

seelan, 1983. Energy flow through the benthic ecosystem of the mangroves with special reference to nematodes. M ahasag ar, 16(3):317-325.

Two stations situated in the interior channels of the mangrove forests were studied. Benthic photosynthesis at Station 2 was higher (0.41 g C m -2 day -m) than at Station 1 (0.29 g C m -2 day-t); the density of nematodes was higher at Station 2. Only 4% of the carbon fixed by benthic photosynthesis was utilized for the production of nematodes. Centre of Ad- vanced Study in Mar. Biol., Parangipettai, 608 502, India.

85:3774 Fernando, S.A., S.A. Khan and R. Kasinathan, 1983.

Observations on the distribution of benthic fauna in Vellar Estuary, Porto Novo. Mahasagar, 16(3):341-348. Centre of Adv. Study in Mar. Biol., Parangipettai 608 502, India.

85:3775 Govindan, K., P.K. Varshney and B.N. Desai, 1983.

Benthic studies in south Gujarat estuaries [Indial. Mahasagar, 16(3):349-356.

Benthic biomass and faunal composition in relation to various environmental conditions of the four South Gujarat estuaries were studied and compared. Meiofauna predominated numerically and in biomass: Foraminifera was the dominant group in all four estuaries. On average, a higher percentage of sediment organic matter was associated with clayey silt. Wherever industrial pollution occurred benthos were badly affected. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Reg. Centre, Versova, Bombay 400 061, India.

85:3776 Herke, W.H. and B.D. Rogers, 1984. Comprehensive

estuarlue nursery study completed. Fisheries, 9(6):12-16.

Water control structures are being used in an attempt to slow the erosion of Louisiana coastal marshes. Estuarine-dependent fishes and crustaceans must be able to pass from the Gulf to the marsh, and back again to the Gulf, to complete their life cycle. Methods used in a 4-year study to determine seasonal presence, relative abundance, timing and depth of movements, and the effect of cold fronts, to aid in structure design, are discussed. Louisiana Cooperative Fishery Research Unit.

85:3777 Kondalarao, B., 1983. Distribution of meinfauua in

the Gautaml-Cmdavari [India] estuarine system. Mahasagar, 16(4):453-457. Dept. of Mar. Living Res., Andhra Univ., Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.

85:3778 Merilainen, J.J., 1984. Zouation of the mac~zoo-

benthos in the Kyrtnjoki Estuary in the Bothninn Bay, Finland. Annls zool. Fenn., 21(2):89-104. Inst. for Environ. Res., Univ. of Jyvaskyla, SF-40100, 10 Finland.

85:3779 Nandy, A.C., M.M. Bagchi and S.K. Majumder,

1983. Ecological ehanoes in the Hooghly Estuary due to water release from Farakka Barrage [indial. Mahasagar, 16(2):209-220. Rahara Res.

562 E. Biological Oceant,g~aphx OI.R (1985) 32 (7)

Centre, Central Inland Fish. Res. Inst., 8 Station Rd., Rahara 743186, India.

85:3780 Oswald, R.C., N. Telford, R. Seed and C.M.

Happey-Wood, 1984. The effect of encrusting bryozoans on the photosynthetic activity of Fucus serratus L. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 19(6):697- 702. Sch. of Animal Biol., Univ. Coll. of North Wales, Bangor, Wales, UK.

85:3781 Subramanian, A.N. and V.K. Venugopalan, 1983.

Phosphorus and iron distribution in two mangrove species in relation to environment. Mahasagar, 16(2): 183-191.

In water, sediment and plant samples from Pit- chavaram mangroves, south India, the dissolved Fe was positively correlated and the particulate Fe negatively correlated with salinity. P varied irreg- ularly and appeared unrelated to salinity. The P and Fe content of net plankton was not correlated with salinity or dissolved and particulate fractions of these elements. The salt excreting mangrove species Avicennia marina accumulated more P and Fe in the leaves than the salt excluding species Rhizophora mucronata; a clear seasonal fluctuation was also noted. No clear statistical relation was found between concentrations of P and Fe in leaves and the environment. The salt transport mechanism appears well developed in A. marina whereas the ultrafilter mechanism is well developed in R. mucronata. Centre of Adv. Study in Mar. Biol., Annamalai Univ., Porto Novo 608 502, India.

El40. Birds

85:3782 Blomqvist, Sven and Mats Peterz, 1984. Cyclones

and pelagic seabird movements IS. Sweden]. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 20(1-2):85-92.

A causal model describing the occurrence of flap- gliding pelagic seabirds off Kullen is proposed, based upon evidence of (1) close association of these birds with eastward travelling deeper cyclones; (2) restrictions of bird movements due to certain wind directions and velocities; (3) absence of documented cyclonic centre passages south of 58°N 10°E in connection with observations of birds; (4) earlier flight behaviour studies. A clockwise movement of birds in the Kattegat is ascribed to the interaction of (a) prevailing wind conditions in cyclones, (b) inertia of wave topography, (c) the birds' flight technique. Inst. of Mar. Ecol., Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

85:3783 Burger, Joanna, J.R. Trout, Wade Wander and G.S.

Ritter, 1984. Jamaica Bay studies. VII. Factors affecting the distribution and abundance of ducks in a New York estuary. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 19(6):673-689. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA.

85:3784 Chapdelaine, Gilles and Pierre Brousseau, 1984.

[Twelfth inventory of seabird populations in the sanctuaries of the North Shore of the Gulf of St. Lawrence.] Can. Fld-Naturalist, 98(2): 178-183. (In French, English abstract.)

Among phalacrocoracids, double-crested cormorant increased markedly. Among larids, herring gull and black-legged kittiwake increased. Ring-billed gull diminished because of movement from the Bet- chouane sanctuary to sites outside the refuge. Of the alcids, common murre and Atlantic puffin increased. Because puffins at Perroquet Island (Bradore Bay) increased markedly, the precision of that estimate is discussed. Serv. canadien de la faune, C.P. 10100, Ste-Foy, PQ G1V 4H5, Canada.

85:3785 Coulson, J.C. and C.S. Thomas, 1985. Changes in the

biology of the kittiwake Rissa tridactyla: a 31-year study of a breeding colony. J. Anim. Ecol., 54(1):9-26.

Study of a kittiwake colony in NE England from 1952-1982 has resulted in information on egg volume, clutch size, breeding dates and behaviour, and hatching and fledging success. In addition, survival rates and breeding experience of adults are known as individual birds have been marked since 1954. Trends in this colony are compared with changes seen nationally. Dept. of Zoo., Univ. of Durham, South Rd., Durham City DH1 3LE, UK. (ahm)

85:3786 De Korte, J., 1984. Ecology of the long-tailed skua

(Stercomrius i ~ d u s VieHiot, 1819) at Scorosby Sund, East Greenland. Part two. Ar- rival, site tenacity and departure. Beaufortia, 34(1):1-14. Inst. of Taxon. Zool., Univ. of Amsterdam, P.O. Box 20125, 100 HC Amster- dam, Netherlands.

85:3787 de Naurois, Renr, 1984. [Ornithological contribution

from the Cape Verde Archipelago: endangered species, occasional nesters, sighting errors.I Bolm Mus. munic. Funchal, 36(157):38-50. (In French,


English abstract.) 2 Allee des Daims, 91800 Brunoy, France.

85:3788 Laugksch, R.C. and D.C. Duffy, 1984. Energetics

equations and food consumption of seabirds in two marine upwelling areas: comparisons and the need for standardization. S. Aft. J. mar. Sci., 2:145-148. Percy FitzPatrick Inst. of African Ornithology, Univ. of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7700, S. Africa.

85:3789 Luckenbach, M.W., 1984. Biogenic structure and

foraging by five species of sborebirds (Charadrii). Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 19(6):691-696.

Observations were made of the location and dura- tion of foraging in relation to the tubes of Diopatra cuprea (Polychaeta). Infaunal abundances in sites with D. cuprea tubes exceeded those in surrounding tube-free areas (120 individuals vs 29 individuals per 0.01 m 2, respectively). Nevertheless, of 112 shorebird foraging episodes observed only 4 were in the vicinity of D. cuprea tubes; shorebirds avoided feeding in such areas. D. cuprea tubes appear to provide an effective refuge for macrofauna from shorebird predation. Belle W. Baruch Inst. for Mar. Biol. and Coastal Res., Univ. of So. Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

85:3790 Shelton, P.A., R.J.M. Crawford, J. Cooper and R.K.

Brooke, 1984. Distribution, population size and conservation of the jackass penguin Sphen/scns demersns, S. Afr. J. mar. Sci., 2:217-257. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, S. Africa.

El50. Microbiology (communities, pro- cesses; also bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, etc.)

85:3791 Bern, Lars, 1985. Autoradingraphic studies of [metb-

y/-3H]thymidine incorporation in a cyanobacte- r im (Mlcrocyst/s wese~r~3-bacterim association and in selected algae and bacteria. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 49(1):232-233.

Microcystis wesenbergii did not incorporate [3H]thymidine at nanomolar concentrations, whereas its associated heterotrophic bacteria appearing in the gelatinous cover of the cyanobacterium became labeled. Several other tested cyanobacteria and algae

did not incorporate [3H]thymidine. Inst. of Limnol., Univ. of Uppsala, S-751 22 Uppsala, Sweden.

85:3792 Bruni, Vivia, Sofia Grasso and Rosabruna La Ferla,

1982. On the oecmrenee of iignicolons fungi in the north--eastero Sicily coastal waters. Memorie Biol. mar. Oceanogr., 12(1):27-37. (In Italian, English abstract.) Ist. di Idrobiol. e Pesc., Univ. di Messina, Italy.

85:3793 Bruni, Vivia, R.B. Lo Curto, Rosaria Patan6 and

Diana Russo, 1983. Yeasts in the Straits of Messina. Memorie Biol. mar. Oceanogr, 13(1): 65-78. (In Italian, English abstract.) Dipt. di Biol. Anita. ed Ecol. Mar., Univ. di Messina, Italy.

85:3794 Cerniglia, C.E., 1984. Microbial metabolism of

polycycHc aromatic hydrocarbons. Adv. appl. Microbiol., 30:31-71.

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH's) are of particular interest because of their carcinogenic properties. Described and compared are general pathways of PAH metabolism in mammals and in microbes; differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic enzyme systems are discussed. Particular attention is given to naphthalene, anthracene, phe- nanthrene, benzo[a]pyrene, benz[a]anthracene, and alkyl- and nitro-substituted compounds. Biodegra- dation of PAH under environmental conditions is discussed. Natl. Center for Toxicol. Res., Food and Drug Admin., Jefferson, AR, USA. (mjj)

85:3795 Grasso, Sofia and Rosabruna La Ferla, 1982.

Further investigations on the occurrence of Hgnicolous fungi in the brackish Lake of Faro [Italy]. Memorie Biol. mar. Oceanogr~ 12(3):233- 243. (In Italian, English abstract.) Ist. di Idrobiol. dell'Univ, di Messina, Cattedra di Idrobiol. e Pesci.-Sci. Nat., Messina, Italy.

85:3796 Joint, I.R. and R.K. Pipe, 1984. An electron micro-

scope study of a natural population of pico- plankton from the Celtic Sea. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser~ 20(1-2):113-118.

Water samples from the Celtic Sea were concen- trated and examined by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Cyanobacteria were abundant and had maximum cell dimensions ranging 0.5-1.0 /ml. Also present were numerous eukaryotic algae with maximum cell dimensions only slightly larger

564 I. Biological Oceanograph?, OLR (1985) 32 (7)

(0.85 to 2 ~m); these eukaryotic cells were "Chlo- rella-like' green algae, possessing neither scales nor flagella. Many of these eukaryotic algae and all of the cyanobacteria would pass through a 1 /~m pore-size sieve and were the organisms responsible for the high primary production rates of picoplank- ton in the Celtic Sea. NERC, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PLI 3DH, UK.

85:3797 Lakshmanaperumalsamy, P., 1983. Preliminary stud-

ies on ehitineclastie bacteria in the Vellar Estuary [India]. Mahasagar, 16(3):293-298. Dept. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Cochin, 682 016, India.

85:3798 Mackenzie, A.L. and P.A. Gillespie, 1984. Bacter-

ioplankton biomass and heterotrophic activity off Westland, New Zealand, June 1979. N.Z. Jl mar. Freshwat. Res., 18(3):341-354. Cawthron Inst., P.O. Box 175, Nelson, New Zealand.

85:3799 Oudot, J., 1984. Rates of microbial degradation of

petroleum components as determined by com- puterized capillary gas chromatography and com- puterized mass spectrometry. Mar. environ. Res., 13(4) :277-302.

Biodegradation of Arabian light crude oil by a microbial culture was studied under quasi-continuous conditions for 60 days; comparisons were made to previous field observations. Saturated hydrocarbons were degraded more rapidly than aromatics; biodegradation of asphaltenes and resins was very low. Lab. de Crypt., Mus. Natl. d'Hist. Nat., LA, CNRS 257, 12, rue de Buffon, 75005 Paris, France. (gsb)

85:3800 RUckert, G., 1984. Investigations on the distribution

of myxobacteria in substrates influenced by seawater with special reference to the island of Heigoland. Helgol(mder Meeresunters., 38(2): 179-184. (In German, English abstract.) Botan. Inst. I und Botan. Garten der Univ. (TH), D-7500 Karlsruhe, FRG.

85:3801 Seki, H., A. Otsuki, S. Daigobo, C.D. Levings and

C.D. McAllister, 1984. Microbial contribution to the mesotrophic ecosystem of the Campbell River Estuary [B.C., Canada] during summer. Arch. Hydrobiol., 102(2):215-228.

The estuary's intricate topography was shown to have a reasonable relation with groupings of various

small-scale habitats from the oligotrophic to eutrophic ends of the mesotrophic range. Such high diversities in environmental conditions are favour- able for efficient trophodynamics in the estuarine ecosystem, supporting production of juvenile salmon migrating to the sea.

85:3802 Sugahara, Isao, Koichiro Hayashi and Toshio

Kimura, 1984. Studies on microbial population in coastal waters. I. Distribution of nitrogen-cycle bacteria in the Kumano Nada and its adjacent areas. Bull. Fac. Fish. Mie Univ., 11:57-67. Fac. of Fish., Mie Univ., Edobashi Tsu, Japan.

85:3803 Venkateswaran, K. and R. Natarajan, 1984. Role of

phesphatase in mlneralisation of organic phos- phorns in Porto Novo [SE India] coastal waters. Indian J. mar. Sci., 13(2):85-87.

Rate of enzymatic release of inorganic phosphate increases with depth; the high decomposition rate is commensurate with high organic phosphorus concentration. Nearly 73% of organic phosphorus present in seawater is apparently decomposed enzymatically, about 46% due to the action of phosphatase. 44 Valayakkara St., Erode 638 001, India.

EIS0. Biochemistry

85:3804 Thoresen, S.S., J.R. Clayton Jr. and S.I. Ahmed,

1984. The effect of short-term fluctuations in pH on NO3- uptake and intracellular constituents in Skeletoaema costamm (Grey.) Cleve. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 83(2):149-157. Ahmed: Sch. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Washington, WB-10, Seat- tle, WA 98195. USA.

E220. Inver tebrates (except E230-Crusta- cea, E240-Protozoa)

85:3805 Le Pennec, Marcel and Anne Hily, 1984. Anatomy,

structure and ultrastnmm~ of the gill of a deep sea hydrothermai vent mytilid. Oceanologica Acta, 7(4):517-523. (In French, English abstract.)

Anatomical studies showed that the transport and collection of nutritive particles toward the labial palps are effected by a great number of ciliae, in


association with highly-developed mucocytes. Mi- croscopic studies revealed numerous microorgan- isms; some were external structures like bacterial filaments and actinomycetes; others, intracellular, were Gram negative bacteria whose position suggested a symbiotic association. Lab. de Zool., Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, 29283 Brest Cedex, France.

85:3806 Paul, C.R.C. and A.B. Smith, 1984. The early

radiation and phylogeny of echinoderms. Biol. Rev., 59(4):443-481.

Lower Cambrian echinoderms are the focus of this review, since in this early period the fundamental echinoderm line evolved. Excellent subjects for phylogenetic and evolutionary studies, echinoderms have complex skeletons offering possibilities for the recognition of homologous structural development. The close coupling between anatomy and skeletal morphology potentiates the interpretation of fossil structures in terms of probable function and modes of life. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, UK. (jst)

85:3807 Petersen, J.H., 1984. Establishment of mussel beds:

attaclunent behavior and distribution of recently settled mussels (Mytilus californianus). Veliger, 27(1):7-13.

Plantigrades were found on mussel beds, algae, and bare rock; highest densities were observed on the red alga Endocladia muricata. Data suggest that algae that grow upon adult mussel shells have no effect on the density of settlers or plantigrades in a patch of mussels. Plantigrades were abundant throughout the year in established mussel beds because settlement is continuous. Experiments indicate M. californianus plantigrades do not select particular species for byssal attachment; beds are established only after a surface has been previously colonized. Natl. Hist. Mus., 900 Exposition Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90007, USA.

85:3808 Pettibone, M.H., 1984. Two new spocies of Lepidono-

topod/um (Polychaeta: Polynoidae: Lepidono- topodinae) from hydrothermal vents off the Gulapagos and East Pacific Rise at 21°N. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 97(4):849-863. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

E230. Crustacea

85:3809 Achuthankutty, C.T. and S.R.S. Nair, 1983. Larval

migration and growth of marine prawns in the estuarine habitat. Mahasagar, 16(2):243-250. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

85:3810 Adkison, D.L., 1984. Two new species of Gigantione

Kossmann (lsopoda: Epicaridea: Bopyridae) from the western North Atlantic. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 97(4):761-772. Dept. of Vet. Pathol., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843- 4463, USA.

85:3811 All-Khan, S. and J. All-Khan, 1984. Nine new

records of the family Augaptilidae from Pakistan (Copepoda, Caianoida). Crustaceana, 47(3):303- 313. Inst. of Mar. Biol., Univ. of Karachi, Karachi-32, Pakistan.

85:3812 Anger, K., 1984. Gain and loss of particulate organic

and inorganic matter in larval and juvenile spider crabs (Hyas araneus) during growth and exuvi- ation. Helgoldnder Meeresunters., 38(2): 107-122. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland, Meeresstation, D-2192 Helgoland, FRG.

85:3813 Barnard, J.L. and J.D. Thomas, 1984. Two new

species of the Siphonoecetes complex from the Arabian Gulf and Borneo (Crnstacea: Amphi- poda). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 97(4):864-881. Div. of Crustacea, NHB-163, Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:3814 Booth, J.D., 1984. Movements of packhorse rock

lobsters (Jasus verreauxO tagged along the eastern coast of the North Island, New Zealand. N.Z. Jl mar. Freshwat. Res., 18(3):275-281. Fish. Res. Div., Min. of Agric. and Fish., P.O. Box 297, Wellington, New Zealand.

85:3815 Bowen, S.T. et al., 1985. Ecological isolation in

Artem/a: population differences in tolerance of anion concentrations. J, crustacean Biol., 5(1): 106-129. Dept. of Biol. Sci., San Francisco State Univ., 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, CA 94132, USA.

566 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1985) 32 (7)

85:3816 Bowman, T.E., S.P. Garner, R.R. Hessler, T.M. Iliffe

and H.L. Sanders, 1985. Mictacea, a new order of Cnmneea Peracarida. J. crustacean Biol., 5(1): 74-78.

A new order, Mictacea, is proposed within the superorder Peracarida for Hirsutia bathyalis and Mictocaris halope. The order is characterized by a unique combination of characters, most of which are not unique to the Mictacea, but are found in at least one other peracaridan order. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:3817 Bowman, T.E. and T.M. Iliffe, 1985. Mictocan's

ha/ope, a new unusual peracaridan crustacean from marine caves on Bermuda. J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):58-73. Dept. of Invert. Zool. (Crus- tacea), NHB 163, Smithsonian Inst., Washing- ton, DC 20560, USA.

85:3818 Bowman, T.E. and R.A. Wasmer, 1984. The deep--

sea amphipod Paracypbocaris praedator (Gam- masidea: Lysianassidae) associated with the pelagic shrimp Og4ophoms nov~J~eelandine as an egg-mimic. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 97(4):844-848. Dept. of Invert. Zool., NHB 163 Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:3819 Burton, R.S. and S.G. Swisher, 1984. Population

structure of the intertidal copepod Tlgriopus ca/ffomlc~ as revealed by field manipulation of allele frequencies. Oecologia, 65(1): 108-11 !.

Copepods with a high frequency of a particular enzyme coding allele were introduced into intertidal rock pools inhabited by populations which did not possess that allele. Allele frequencies fell from 40% to a stable level of 10% within 6 weeks; the allele spread to all pools on the rock outcrop within 8 months. These results confirm the conclusions of earlier descriptive studies: inter-pool gene flow on a given outcrop is extensive, but little gene flow occurs between pools on separate rock outcrops. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. (mjj)

85:3820 Christy, J.H. and Michael Salmon, 1984. Ecology and

evolution of mating systems of fiddler crabs (genus Ucs). Biol. Rev., 59(4):483-509.

Despite a large body of descriptive literature on courtship displays in the genus Uca, relatively little is known about its social organization and mating

systems. The authors critically evaluate the information available on reproductive behavior in Uca, and summarize and contrast recent field work on mating systems of U. pugilator and U. vocans. The comparative study is employed to extrapolate differences in patterns of sexual selection and reproductive behavior in Uca. General features of selection mechanisms are outlined; trends are associated with resource-defense mating systems. Smithsonian Tropical Res. Inst., Apt 2072, Balboa, Republic of Panama. 0st)

85:3821 Clark, P.F., 1984. A comparative study of zoeal

morphology in the genus Liocarcinus (Crustacea: Brachyura: Pertuuldae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc., 82(3):273-290. Dept. of Zool., British Mus., Cromwell Rd., London SW7 5BD, UK.

85:3822 Crosnier, Alain, 1984. On some portunids (Crostacea

Decapoda Bradayura) from the Seychelles Is- lands. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)6(A, Zool., 2):397-419. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Zool. du Mus., 61, rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.

85:3823 Cuzin-Roudy, Janine and Catherine Tchernigovt-

zeff, 1985. Chronology of the female molt cycle in Sirtetla arnmta M. Edw. (Crustacea: Mysidacea) based on marsupial development. J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):1-14. Sta. Zool., C.E.R.O.V., 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

85:3824 Devi, C.B.L., K.K.C. Nair, T. Balasubramanian,

T.C. Gopalakrishnan, P.N. Aravindakshan and M.K. Kutty, 1983. Length-weight relation and condition factor of Penaeus ind/cus and Meta- penaeus dobson/in the Cochin backwater llndial. Mahasagar, 16(3):399-402. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Reg. Centre, Cochin 682 018, Japan.

85:3825 Fiers, F., 1982. New C~mnemdae from the northern

coast of Papua New Guinea (Copepoda: Har- pacticoida). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg., (Biol.)54(4):32pp.

85:3826 Fiers, F., 1983. Marine copelmds from the Rel~bik of

Maldives: I. S y a g ~ spMlfer sp.nov, from Baros Island, North MaI6 Atoll (Copepoda: Harpacticoida). Annls Soc. R. zooL Belg., 113(2): 115-124. Koninklijk Belgisch Inst. voor Natur., Vautierstraat 29, B-1040 Brussels, Belgium.


85:3827 G6mez H., Osvaldo and Carlos P6rez P., 1984. [List

of crabs from Cuba (Crustacea, Decapoda, Anomura).] Revta Investnes mar., Cuba, 9(I):23- 34. (In Spanish.)

85:3828 Goswami, S.C., 1983. Coexistence and succession of

copepod species in the Mandovi and Zuari estuaries, Goa [India]. Mahasagar, 16(2):251-258. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula Goa 403 004, India.

85:3829 Guinot, Dani61e, 1984. The genus Leurocyclus

Rathbon, 1897 (Crustacea Decapoda Brachyura). Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)6(A, Zool., 2):377-395. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Zool., Mus. natl. d'Hist, nat., 61, rue Buffon, 75231 Paris cedex 05, France.

85:3830 Harms, J., 1984. Influence of water temperature on

larval development of Elminius modestus and Semibalanus balanoides (Crustacea, Cirripedia). Helgolander Meeresunters., 38(2):123-134. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland (Meeresstation), D-2192 Hel- goland, FRG.

85:3831 Harrison, K. and G.C.B. Poore, 1984. Serolis

(Crustacea, Isopoda, Serolidae) from Australia, with a new species from Victoria. Mem. hath. Mus. Vict., 45(1-2):13-31. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.

85:3832 Hiwatari, Takehiko and Takeshi Kajihara, 1984.

Population dynamics and life cycle of Hyale barbicomis (Amphipoda, Crustacea) in a blue mussel zone [Tokyo Harbor Japan]. Mar. Ecol.- Pro&. Ser, 20(1-2):177-183. Ocean Res. Inst., Univ. of Tokyo, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164, Japan.

85:3833 Huber, M.E., 1985. Allometric growth of the carapace

in Trapezia (Brachyura, Xanthidae). J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):79-83. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., A-002, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

85:3834 Humes, A.G., 1984. Harpocticold copopods associated

with culdarinns in the tropical Pacific Ocean. Zoologica Scr, 13(3):209-221. BUMP, MBL, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

85:3835 Imanaka, Takao, Yoichi Sasada, Hiroshi Suzuki,

Susumu Segawa and Tatsuyoshi Masuda, 1984. Crustacean decapod fauna in Kominato and adjacent waters of middle Honshu [Japan]: a provisional list. J. Tokyo Univ. Fish., 71(1):45-74. Lab. of Aquat. Zool., Tokyo Univ. Fish., 5-7, Konan 4, Minato-ku, Tokyo 108, Japan.

85:3836 Kamenskaya, O.E., 1984. Ecological classification of

deep--sea amphipods. Trudy Inst. Okeanol. P. P. Shirshova, 119:154-159. (In Russian, English abstract.)

85:3837 Kensley, Brian, 1984. The Atlantic barrier reef

ecosystem at Carrie Bow Cay, Belize. III. New marine Isopoda. Smithson. Contr. mar. Sci., 24:81pp. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

85:3838 Kondalarao, B., 1984. Distribution of meiobenthic

harpacticoid copepods in the Gautami Godavari [SE lndial estuarine system. Indian J. mar. Sci., 13(2):80-84. Dept. of Mar. Living Res., Andhra Univ., Visakhapatnam 530 003, India.

85:3839 Kropp, R.K., 1984. Tanaocheles stenochilus, a new

genus and species of crab from Guam, Mariana Islands (Brachym'a: Xanthidae). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, 97(4):744-747. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

85:3840 Laubier, Annie, Nicole Pasteur and Mikio Moriyasu,

1984. Estimation of the biochemical polymor- phism of a Penneus japon/cus population raised artificially through four generations. Oceanologica Acta, 7(4):451-456. (In French, English abstract.) COB, BP337, 29272 Brest, France.

85:3841 Martin, J.-P., 1983. Taim'ches~ spinifera (E. Mateus,

1962), Amphipoda Talitridac, in Morocco: distribution and description. Vie Milieu, 33(3- 4):231-236. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. agron, et veterinaire Hassan II, Complexe d'Agadir, BP 438 Agadir, Morocco.

85:3842 Marsden, I.D. and G.D. Fenwick, 1984. Chroest/a, a

new supralittoral amphipod genus from Qneens- land, Australia (Tafitroidea: Talitridae). J. nat.

568 E. Biological Oceanograph ' , O L R ( I q85) 32 (7)

Hist., 18(6):843-851. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand.

85:3843 Martin, J.W., F.M. Truesdale and D.L. Felder, 1985.

Larval development of Panopeus bermudensis Benedict and Rathbun, 1891 (Brachyura, Xan- thidae) with notes on zoeai characters in xanthid crabs. J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):84-105. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA.

85:3844 McKinnon, A.D., 1984. Doropygus mirabilis, a new

species of notodelphyid (Copepoda Cydopoida) from Bass Strait |Australial. Mem. natn. Mus. Vict., 45(1-2):1-6. Dept. of Zooi., Univ. of Melbourne, Parkville, Vict. 3052, Australia.

85:3845 Mielke, Wolfgang, 1984. Some Paramesochridae

(Copepoda) from PanamtL Spixiana, 7(3):217- 243. II. Zool. Inst. der Univ. Gottingen, FRG.

85:3846 Minchin, Dan, 1984. Larvae of the lobster Homarus

gammarm (L.) from the plankton of Lough Hyne fiNE), Co Cork. lr. Nat. J., 21(8):334-337. Fish. Res. Centre, Abbotstown, Castleknock, Co Dublin, Ireland.

85:3847 Mohan, P.C., 1983. Mysidaeea of the Godavari

Estuary [India]. Mahasagar, 16(3):395-397. Dept. of Zool., Andhra Univ., Waltair 530 003, India.

85:3848 Moosa, M.K. and R6gis Cleva, 1984. On a collection

of Stolnmopoda (Crmtacea, Hoplocartde) from the Seydl~lles Islands. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat., Paris, (4)6(A, Zool., 2):421-429. (In French, English abstract.) Lembaga Oseanologi Nas., Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia, Kotak Pos 580 DAK, Jakarta, Indonesia.

85:3849 Moreira, G.S. and J.C. McNamara, 1984. Annual

variation in aimmlance of female and dimorphk male EamrMaa acaatroas (Dana) (Copepoda, Harpaeticolda) from the Hanmki Gulf, New Zealand. Crustaeeana, 47(3):298-302. Dept. de Fis., Inst. de Biosei., Univ. de Sao Paulo, C.P. 11461, 05499 Sao Paulo SP, Brasil.

85:3850 Morris, D.J., I. Everson, C. Ricketts and P. Ward,

1984. Fe t i ng of lu.m around South Georgia. II.

Relations between feeding activity, enwronment and vertical distribution. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set., 200-2):203-206.

Krill with full alimentary tracts occur both above and below the thermocline, over a 20-fold range of chlorophyll concentration. Changes in chlorophyll concentration, temperature, salinity and nutrients which occur down the water column appear to have no effect upon feeding activity. It is suggested that krill adjust their filtration rate to compensate for wide changes in chlorophyll concentration and feed throughout the water column. However, the possibility that krill from all depths could have fed in the cod-end of the net in the surface layer cannot be excluded. British Antractic Survey, NERC, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

85:3851 O'Connor, N.J. and C.E. Epifanio, 1985. The effect

of salinity on the dispersal and recruitment of fiddler crab larvae. J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):137- 145.

Stage I zoeae were inhibited from moving upward through haloclines at A salinity = 6, 8, and 10 ppt; stage V larvae tended to remain near the bottom of the water column and were inhibited from moving upward only at A salinity -- 10 ppt. Both stage I and V larvae passed downward through all haloclines. Larvae were unsuccessful at molting in 10 ppt water; zoeae reared at 20 ppt showed a slight delay in molting compared with larvae at 30 ppt. More megalopae underwent metamorphosis to crab stage I at 20 ppt. Results suggest that larvae are retained nearshore in high salinity water during development and that metamorphosis is delayed until larvae reach lower salinity water characteristic of adult habitats. Dept. of Mar., Earth and Atmos. Sci., North Carolina State Univ., Box 8208, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA.

85:3852 Odinetz, O.M., 1984. Revision of the Trapezia

belonging to the eymodoee--ferrag4nea group (Crustacea, Decapoda, Brachyura) and additional notes on 1". sereaei Odinetz, 1983, and T. p m ~ l m l m ~ ~ 1953. Bull. Mus. natn. Hist. nat~ Paris, (4)6(A, Zool., 2):431-452. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Zool. du Mus. natn. d'Hist., rue Buffon, 75005, Paris, France.

85:3853 Ortiz, Manuel and Jorge NazAbal, 1984. [A new

genus (Cm'ocua,mus) of uq~ipod ( ~ Gammaridea, Coroplaldae), from Cuban waters.] Revta Investnes mar., Cuba, 9(1):3-22. (In Span- ish.)

OLR (I 985) 32 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 569

85:3854 Pillar, S.C., 1984. Laboratory studies on the larval

growth and development of Euphsusia iucens (Euplmnsiacca). S. Aft. J. mar. Sci., 2:43-48. Sea Fish. Res. Inst., Private Bag X2, Rogge Bay 8012, Cape Town, S. Africa.

85:3855 Poli, J.M. and J. Castel, 1983. Biological cycle under

laboratory conditions of a planktonic copepod of the Gironde Estuary [France], Eurytemora h/run- doides (Nordquist, 1888). Vie Milieu, 33(2):79-86. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Biol. mar., Univ. de Bordeaux I, 33120 Arachon, France.

85:3856 Poore, G.C.B., 1984. Paranthura (Crostacea, lsopoda,

Paranthuridae) from southeastern Australia. Mem. natn. Mus. Vict., 45(1-2):33-69. Dept. of Crustacea, Mus. of Victoria, 285 Russell St., Melbourne, Vict. 3000, Australia.

85:3857 Poore, G.C.B., 1985. Bnsserolis kimblae, a new genus

and species of isopod (Serolidae) from Australia. J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):175-181. Dept. of Crus- tacea, Mus. of Victoria, Swanston, St., Mel- bourne, Vict. 3000, Australia.

85:3858 Ramos Trujillo, Laida and M.O. Su~rez, 1984.

[Energy metabolism in juveniles of the rose shrimp Penaeus notialis (P6rez Farfante, 1967).] Revta Investnes mar., Cuba, 9(1):35-56. (In Spanish.)

85:3859 Regnault, Mich~le, 1984. Salinity-induced changes in

ammonia excretion rate of the shrimp Crangon crangon over a winter tidal cycle. Mar. Ecol.- Prog. Ser., 20(I-2): 119-125. Centre de Oceanol. et de biol. mar., Sta. biol., F-29211 Roscoff, France.

85:3860 Rocha, C.E.F. da, 1984. Four new species of

HMleyclops Norman, 1903 (Copepoda, Cyclo- poida) from Brazil. Hydrobiologia, 119(2):107- 117. Dept. de Zool., Inst. de Biocien.-USP, Caixa Postal 20520, 01000 Sao Paulo, Brazil.

85:3861 Sanders, H.L., R.R. Hessler and S.P. Garner, 1985.

Hlrsutla bathyalls, a new unusual deep-sea benthic peracaridan crustacean from the tropical Atlantic. J. crustacean Biol~ 5(1):30-57.

Collected at a depth of 1000 m from the seafloor off northeastern South America, Hirsutia possesses a number of morphological features found neither in other peracaridan orders nor in the second species, Mictocaris halope, and family, the Mictocarididae, of the Mictacea (Bowman and Iliffe, 1985). Certain morphological features of Hirsutia suggest that it possesses the potential of being a facultative car- nivore. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

85:3862 Thomas, J.D. and J.L. Barnard, 1984. Acantbo-

Imustorius pansns, a new species of sand-bur- rowing amphipod from Looe Key Reef, Florida Keys, with redescription and distribution data of Acuntholmnstorins bou~ieldi Frame, 1980 (Am. phipoda: Hanstorlidae). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash., 97(4):909-926.

85:3863 Vannini, Marco, 1985. A shrimp that speaks crab--ese.

J. crustacean Biol., 5(1):160-167.

Pairs of the crab Trapezia ferruginea and the snapping shrimp Alpheus lottini live in very stable communities on Indo-Pacific pocilloporid corals. Both were observed to defend the coral against intruders of both species in the field. Various appeasement patterns must be performed by an intruder shrimp toward a crab before the shrimp is accepted on the coral by the crab. These patterns appear to be borrowed from the crab's appeasement repertoire and are never performed between shrimps among themselves. The shrimp, as the weaker of the two, has to 'learn' how to inhibit the stronger crab's aggression by using the crab's own language. Ist. di Zool. dell'Univ., via Romana 17, 50125, Firenze, Italy.

85:3864 Wada, Keiji, 1984. Barricade building in llyoplax

pnsillns (De Haan) (Cr~acea: Brachyura). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 83(1):73-88.

L pusillus sometimes built an earthen structure close to its neighbour's burrow. Most barricaders were males ~6.4 ram in carapace width. Both sexes were barricaded; most were smaller than their barricaders. The home range of a barricaded crab was biased toward the areas devoid of the barricade; when a barricade was removed, the crab freed from it extended its home range toward the barricader's burrow and was frequently repelled by the barricader, suggesting barricades aid territorial defence by deterring invasion by a neighbour. Seto Mar. Biol. Lab., Kyoto Univ., Sirahama 649-22, Japan.

570 E. Biological Oceanograph 3 OLR 11985) 32 (7]

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, etc. (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOt,-

OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)

85:3865 Almogi-Labin, A., 1984. Population dynamics of

planktic Foraminifera and Pleropoda--Gulf of Aqaba, Red Sea. Palaeontology, (B)87(4):481- 511.

Assemblage composition and seasonal variation are attributed mainly to the circulation-governed fertil- ity of the sea, coupled with light penetration and temperature. Because of their short life span. Foraminifera express the seasonal variations in different parts of the Gulf more clearly than the longer living Pteropoda which produce geographi- cally more homogeneous assemblages. Dept. of Geol., The Hebrew Univ., Jerusalem, Israel.

85:3866 Caralp, M.-H., 1984. Impact of organic matter on

benthic Foraminifera found beneath highly inten- sive productive zones. Oceanologica Acta, 7(4): 509-515. (In French, English abstract.)

A trio of benthic forams (Bufirnina exilis, Melonis barleeanum, Chilostomella div. sp.) were observed in NE Atlantic sediments rich in diatoms and radio- larians from different latitudes and climatic regimes. This survey studied the possible physico-chemical parameters which may have favored this development. Proposed is a relationship between 'specific quality of the organic matter' and the 'development of the specific benthic assemblage.' Inst. de Geol., du Bassin d'Aquitaine, Univ. de Bordeaux I, 351, cours de la Liberation, 33405 Talence cedex, France. (ahm)

85:3867 Lazarus, David, R.P. Scherer and D.R. Prothero.

1985. Evolution of the radiolarian species-complex Pterocanium: a preliminary survey. J. Paleont., 59(1): 183-220.

'A globally comprehensive set of stratigraphically continuous sequences' was obtained to examine evolutionary change in Pterocanium over the last 6 million years, and to assess the importance of taxonomic assumptions, stratigraphic resolution, measurement techniques, and sampling artifacts in evolutionary studies. Morphologic and phyletic evolution in all 5 lineages appears to have been very gradual; complex patterns of geographic variation were revealed and related to 'temporal records of morphologic evolution.' Hybridization between for- merly distinct lineages apparently led to a reticulate phylogenetic pattern. These data do not support the

theory of punctuated equilibrium. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. (mjj)

85:3868 L6vy, Alain, Robert Mathieu, Armelle Poignant and

Marie Rosset-Moulinier, 1984. The architecture of Rotaliidae (Foraminiferida): key for a new definition of the family. C. r. A cad. Sci., Paris, (S6r. I1)299(17):1221-1224. (In French, English abstract.) Univ. P. et M. Curie, 4, place Jussieu, 75230 Paris Cedex 05, France.

85:3869 Naidu, W.D., 1983. Tintinnida (Protozoa: Ciliata)--a

vital link in the estuarine food web. Mahasagar, 16(3):403-407.

Tintinnids feed mainly on nannoplankton, naked flagellates, bacteria, detritus, coccolithophores, peri- dinians and diatoms; and in turn are preyed upon by larger zooplankters like salps, doliolids, oikopleura, cladocerans, copepods, Sagitta, mollusc veligers, and fish and fish larvae. Predators exhibited a preference for tintinnids with lorica open at both ends. Diguvamagham 517 129, Chittcor Dist., Andhra Pradesh, India.

85:3870 Nomura, Ritsuo, 1985. On the genus Tosaia (Fo-

raminiferida) and its suprageneric classification. J. Paleont., 59(1):222-225. Dept. of Earth Sci., Shimane Univ., 1060 Nishi-kawatsu, Matsue 690, Japan.

E 2 6 0 . Macrophytes (algae, grasses, etc.)

85:3871 Deysher, L.E. and T.A. Dean, 1984. Critical irra-

diance levels and the interactive effects of quantum irradiance and dose on gametogenesis in the giant kelp, Macrocystis pyrifera. J. Phycol., 20(4):520-524. Ecol. Proj., 531 Encinitas Blvd., Suite 118, Encinitas, CA 92024, USA.

85:3872 Lapointe, B.E. and C.S. Duke, 1984. Biochemical

strategies for growth of Gracilaria tikvahiae (Rhodophyta) in relation to light intensity and nitrogen availability. J. PhycoL, 20(4):488-495. Harbor Branch Inst., P.O. Box 818, Big Pine Key, FL 33043, USA.


E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.)

85:3873 Boni, Laurita, 1983. Red tides of the coast of Emilia

Romagna (north-western Adriatic Sea) from 1975 to 1982. Informatore Bot. ital., 15(1): 18-24. Ist. ed Orto Botan. dell'Univ., Bologna, Italy.

"85:3874 Boni, Laurita, Marinella Pompei and Marina Reti,

1983. The occurrence of Gonyaulax tamarensis Lebour bloom in the Adriatic Sea along the coast of Emllia-Romagna. G. bet. ital., 117(3-4):115- 120. Ist. ed Orto Botan., via Irnerio, 42 Bologna, Italy.

85:3875 Hallegraeff, G.M., 1984. Species of the diatom genus

T/m/ussios/ra in Australian waters. Botanica mar., 27(11):495-513. Div. of Fish. Res., CSIRO Mar. Lab., G.P.O. Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

85:3g'/6 Ilangovan, G. and K. Krishnamoorthy, 1983. Spe-

cies biomuss and seasonal variation of dinoflagellates from the Vellar Estuary. Mahasagar, 16(3):275-280. Dept. of Bet., Govt. Arts Coll., Krishnagiri 635 001, India.

85:3877 Kondo, Masao, Tsutomu Sakai, Hajime Yamamoto

and Yukio Arakawa, 1984. Algal growth potential and the limiting nutrient in Mikawa Bay [Japan]. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 40(5):391-396. Aichi Environ. Res. Center, 7-6 Nagare, Tsuji- machi, Kita-ku, Nagoya 462, Japan.

85:3878 Poulin, M., L. B6rard-Therriault and A. Cardinal,

1984. [Benthic diatoms of hard substrates in marine and brackish waters of Quebec. 2. Tabel- iarioideae and Diatomoideae (Fragilariales, Fragt- lariaceae).l Naturoliste can., 111(3):275-295. (In French, English abstract.) GIROQ, Dept. de Biol., Univ. Laval, PQ G1K 7P4, Canada.

85:3879 Satsmadjis, John and Nicholas Friligos, 1983. Red

tide in Greek waters. Vie Milieu, 33(2):111-117.

During the summer of 1978, a red tide involving fish mortality broke out at some locations on the eastern coast of the polluted Gulf of Saronikos; it was caused by the dinoflag¢llate Gymnodinium breve. In the early stages, nitrate reached high values, tending

to decline toward the open sea; later on, it fell dramatically and reversed the trend. Phosphate and silicate levels accorded with the chemical oxygen demand. Ammonium did not exhibit any distinct pattern. Dinoflagellate proliferation resulted from eutrophication in a phosphate-rich, somewhat toxic environment; nitrate appeared to be the main limiting factor. Inst. of Oceanogr. and Fish. Res., GR 166 04, Hellinikon, Greece.

85:3880 Thomsen, H.A. and Pensri Boonruang, 1984. A light

and electron microscopical investigation of Ioft- cate choanoflagellates (Choanoflagellida, Acan- thoecidae) from the Alldaman S e a 9 SW Thailand and Denmark: species of Cosmoe~ gen.n. Zoo- logica Scr, 13(3): 165-181. Univ. of Copenhagen, Inst. for Sporeplanter, O. Farimagsgade 2D, DK-1353 Copenhagen K, Denmark.

85:3881 Wtrum, K.M. and Sverre Myklestad, 1984. Effects of

light, salinity and nutrient limitation on the production of fl--1,3-d--~ucan and exo-d-glucanase activity in Skeletonema eostatum (Grev.) Cleve. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 83(1):13-25.

Skeletonema costatum appeared to accumulate more glucan (the food reserve polysaccharide in diatoms) and to exhibit higher glucanase activity under nutrient limitation and subsaturating light conditions. Glucan accounted for 7-80% of the total C in cells. S. costatum growth rate decreased at 9 ppt salinity but was unaffected at 15 ppt; glucanase activity increased with decreasing salinity. Results show that lowering the growth rate does not by itself increase glucan storage; light and salinity also affect storage. The reserve polysaccharides can be respired for energy for nitrate assimilation in the dark. Inst. of Mar. Biochem., Univ. of Trondheim, N-7034 Trondheim-NTH, Norway. (msg)

85:3882 Yamochi, Susumu, 1984. Mechanisms for outbreak of

Heterosigma akashiwo red tide in Osaka Bay, Japan. Part 3. Release of vegetative cells from bottom mud. J. oceanogr. Soc. Japan, 40(5):343- 348.

The effects of temperature on benthic H. akashiwo cells were examined both in-situ and in laboratory experiments. The extent of vegetative cell release was temperature dependent, with inhibition below 14.5°C but not apparent between 15 ° and 25°C. Temperature probably plays a crucial role in H. akashiwo population dynamics and, consequently, in bloom initiation. Osaka Pref. Fish. Exper. Sta., Misaki-cho, Sennan, Osaka 599-03, Japan. (gsb)

572 r'~lo oglt: : l i ( )ceant~gr: l¢ , : l \ ~" J.?? I 7 ' ) , :~ .~2 i -

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350- Atmospheric pollution, C210-Chemical pollution, F250-Waste disposal)

85:3883 Addy, J.M., J.P. Hartley and P.J.C. Tibbetts, 1984.

Ecological effects of low toxicity oil-based mud drilling in the Beatrice oilfield [North Sea]. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(12):429-436.

Localized benthic effects were found after the water-based mud drilling. After the use of oil-based muds, the nature of the effects was different, although there was little increase in the area involved. Possible reasons for this are discussed and burial and organic enrichment are suggested as the major influences. It is concluded that the use of low toxicity oil-based mud at Beatrice has resulted in only limited benthic effects, suggesting that the use of these muds is environmentally acceptable. Britoil plc., 150 St. Vincent St., Glasgow G25LJ. UK.

85:3884 Bouwman, L.A., Karin Romeijn and Wim Admiraal,

1984. On the ecology of meiofauna in an organ- ically polluted estuarine mudflat [Ems-Dollard Estuary, Netherlands]. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 19(6) :633 -653.

Meiofauna in the vicinity of a polluted freshwater outfall of the Ems-Dollard Estuary were analyzed as to structure, distribution, and seasonal variance. The authors suggest that while organic waste reduced diversity within the benthic ecosystem, a 'simple system,' apparently based on continuing reoxidation of surface sediments, remained. BOEDE, State Univ. of Groningen, Netherlands. (jst)

85:3885 Breck, J.E. (comment) and M.S. Connor (reply),

1985. Comment on 'Fish/sediment concentration ratios for organic compounds.' Environ. Sci. Technol., 19(2):198-199. Environ. Sci. Div., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.

85:3886 Bryant, V., D.S. McLusky, K. Roddie and D.M.

Newbery, 1984. Effect of temperature and salinity on the toxicity of chromium to three estuarine invertebrates (Corophium volutator, Macoma bMthica, Nereis diversicolor). Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 20(1-2):137-149. Dept. of Biol. Sci., The University, Stirling FK9 4LA, Scotland.

85:3887 Burton, D.T., K.R. Cooper, W.L. Goodfellow Jr.

and D.H. Rosenblatt, 1984. Uptake, elimination,

and metabolism of '4C-picric acid and ~C-- picramic acid in the American oyster (Crassostrea virgiuica). Archs environ. Contamit~. T~,xi~ol.. 13(6):653-663. Johns Hopkins l.h~i~. A PI, Shady Side, MD 20764, USA.

85:3888 Chen, Jiann-Chu and Tzong-Shean Chin, 1984.

Studies on the accumulation and elimination of mercury in the oyster Crassostrea gigas. Yearly .1. natn. Taiwan Coll. mar. Sci. Technol., 19:91-96. (in Chinese, English abstract.) Dept. of Aqua- cult., Natl. Taiwan Coll. of Mar. Sci. and Tech., Keelung, Taiwan.

85:3889 Chiou, C.T., 1985. Partition coefficients of organic

compounds in lipid-water systems and correla- tions with fish bioconcentration factors. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19(1):57-62. USGS, Denver Fed. Center, Denver, CO 80225, USA.

85:3890 Clark, D.R. Jr. and A.J. Krynitsky, 1985. DDE

residues and artificial incubation of loggerhead sea turtle eggs. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 34(1):121-125. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Serv., Patuxent Wildlife Res. Center, Laurel, MD 20708, USA.

85:3891 Conklin, P.J. and K.R. Rao, 1984. Comparative

toxicity of offshore and oil-added drilling muds to larvae of the grass shrimp PMaemonetes inter- medius. A rchs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 13(6): 685-690.

Tests of eleven offshore drilling muds using grass shrimp larvae showed a significant correlation with petroleum hydrocarbon content of the muds. Sub- sequent testing showed that addition of No. 2 fuel oil to a low-oil mud increased its toxicity to the level of the most toxic drilling fluid tested. As toxicity appears to be determined by oil content, substitution of a less toxic lubricant for the commonly used diesel oil may significantly reduce drilling mud toxicity. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of West Florida, Pensacola, FL 32514-0102, USA. (lit)

85:3892 Crescenti, Nunzio, Silvestro Martella, Gabriella

Martino and Luigi Mojo, 1982. Heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb) content in Patella coerulea. Memorie Biol. mar. Oceanogr., 12(2):79-91. (In Italian, English abstract.) Ist. di Zool. e Anat. Compar. dell'Univ, di Messina, Italy.


85:3893 Desai, B.N., S.N. Gajbhiye, M.J. Ram and V.R.

Nair, 1983. Comparative account on zooplankton in polluted and unpolluted estuaries of Gujarat [India]. Mahasagar, 16(3):281-291. Reg. Centre of Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Versova, Bombay 400 061, India.

85:3894 EI-Dib, M.A. and M.I. Badawy, 1985. Organochlor-

ine insecticides and PCB's in water, sediment, and fish from the Mediterranean Sea. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 34(2):216-227. Water Pollution Control, Natl. Res. Center, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt.

85:3895 Faubel, Anno, 1984. Experimental investigations

about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal fiat environments. X. Turbellaria. Senc- kenberg, marit., 16(1-6):153-170. (In German, English abstract.)

Crude oil was shown to affect different turbellarian species to varying degrees, with Pseudaphanostoma psammophilum the most lethally affected. The dispersant Finasol OSR 5 was highly lethal for turbel- larians and other meiobenthic organisms, while Trehaloselipid was less toxic. Zool. Inst. und Mus. der Univ. Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. (gsb)

85:3896 Ferrell, R.E., E.D. Seneca and R.A. Linthurst, 1984.

The effects of crude oil on the growth of Spartina alteruitiora Loisel. and Spartina cynosuroides (L.) Roth. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 83(1):27-39. Dept. of Bot., North Carolina State Univ., Raleigh, NC 27695-7612, USA.

85:3897 Fortner, A.R. and L.V. Sick, 1985. Simultaneous

accumulations of naphthalene, a PCB mixture, and benzo(a)pyrene, by the oyster, ~ t r e a vhrgiMca. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 34(2):256-264. NMFS, NOAA, SEFC, P.O. Box 12607, Charleston, SC 29412-0607, USA.

85:3898 Friocourt, M.P., G. Bodennec and F. Berthou, 1985.

Determination of polyaromatic hydrocarbons in scallops (Pecten maximns) by UV fluorescence and EIPLC combined with UV and fluorescence detectors. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 34(2):228-238. Lab. de Chromatographic, Sere. de Biochimie, ERA CNRS no. 784, B.P. 815, 29279 Brest Cedex, France.

85:3899 Golombek, Peter and Lars Neugebohrn, 1984.

Experimental investigations about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. XV. The Puccinellia maritima (Warm- ing) Christiansen association of a salt marsh environment. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):245- 266. (In German, English abstract.)

Successive sprayings of Arabian Light crude oil (total: 3 L/m E) caused extensive damage to salt marsh vegetation. Therophytes were killed by the oil but recolonized more quickly than plurannual species. Hemicryptophytes and rhizome-geophytes withstood contamination better due to the position of their buds. A laboratory experiment of a single application (0.5 L/m 2) to Puccinellia maritima resulted in death of the plants in four days. Inst. fur Angewandre Botanik der Univ. Hamburg, Mar- seiller Str. 7, D2000 Hamburg 36, FRG. (msg)

85:3900 Hartwig, Eike, 1984. Experimental investigations

about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. IX. Benthic ciliated Protozoa. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6): 121-151. (In German, English abstract.)

Experiments in a tidal flat off Crildumersiel showed that mixtures of crude oil and the dispersant Finasol OS R5 were more toxic to fauna of the family Trachelocercidae and the genus Remanella than crude oil alone or mixtures of crude oil and the tensid Trehaloselipid. Differences between the fauna following contamination and recolonization of contaminated sediments by ciliates are discussed. Zool Inst. und Zool. Mus., Univ. Hamburg, Martin- Luther-King-Platz 3, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG. (msg)

85:3901 Ho, Y.B., 1984. Zn and Cu concentrations in

Ascophyllam nodosam and Fucns vesiculosns (Phaeophyta, Fucales) after transplantation to an estuary contaminated with mine wastes. Conserv. Recycling, 7(2-4):329-337. Mar. Biol. Assoc. of the U.K., The Laboratory, Citadel Hill, Plym- outh, UK.

85:3902 H0pner, Thomes and Klaus Wonneberger, 1984.

Experimental investigations about effects of crude oH and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat envi- runments. VI. Inhibition of microphytobenthos photosynthesis by crude oil at different oil accident related sampling- and oiling-techniques. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):77-90. (In German, English abstract.)

574 g. !~;io[ogtca[ Oceanograp!3~, 07.;? ! 70;'5; 37 tz'3

Oil-induced effects were assessed by measurement of O 2 production and respiration in relation to chlorophyll content. After in-situ contaminations, no significant changes were observed, while direct oiling of diatoms resulted in a 50% inhibition of O2 production. It is suggested that oil toxicity is dependent on the degree of contact between oil and organisms, and consequently on tidal level, drainage, and evaporation at the site of contamination. Fachbereich Biol. der Univ. Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG. (gsb)

85:3903 Howell, Richard, A.M. Grant and N.E.J. Maccoy,

1984. Effect of treatment with reserpine on the change in filtration rate of Mytilus edulis subjected to dissolved copper. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(12):436-439. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of New- castle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.

85:3904 Jagtap, T.G., 1983. Metal distribution in HMophila

beccurfi (Aschers) and surrounding environment along the central west coast of India. Mahasagar, 16(4):429-434. Natl. Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

85:3905 Karickhoff, S.W. and K.R. Morris, 1985. Impact of

tubifidd oligochaetes on pollutant transport in [riverinel bottom sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 19(1):51-56. U.S. EPA, Athens, GA 30613, USA.

85:3906 Krumbein, W.E., Peter Franke and Karin Jens,

1984. Experimental investigations about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. III. Development of benthic mi- croflora. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):31-55. (In German, English abstract.)

During an experimental oil spill in tidal flats, the influence of oil and different detergents on the development of bacterial populations was examined. AG Geomikrobiol., Univ. Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG.

85:3907 Kuivasniemi, Kaija, Varpu Eloranta and Juha

Knuutinen, 1985. Acute toxicity of some chlo- rinated phenolic compounds to Se/enastrum capticornutum and phytoplankton. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 14(1):43-49. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Jyvaskyla, Vapaudenkatu 4, SF-40100 Jyvaskyla 10, Finland.

85:3908 Kulkarni, B.G. and V.B. Masurekar, 1984. Effects of

naphthalene exposure on blood serum enzyme activities in the crab Scylla serrata (Forskal). Indian J. mar. Sci., 13(2):97-98. Dept. of Zool.. Inst. of Sci., Bombay 400 032, India.

85:3909 Ogata, Masana and Kuniyasu Fujisawa, 1985.

Organic sulfur compounds and polycyclic hydrocarbons transferred to oyster and mussel from petroleum suspension. Identification by gas chromatography and capillary mass chromatography. War. Res., 19(1): 107-118. Dept. of Public Health, Okayama Univ. Med. Sch., 2-5-1 Shikata-cho, Okayama City 700, Japan.

85:3910 Pantoja, Silvio, Luis Pastene, Jose Becerra, Mario

Silva and V.A. Gallardo, 1984. Baseline. DDT's in balaenopterids (Cetacea) from the Chilean coast. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 15(12):p.451. Chem. of Nat. Prod. Lab., Univ. of Concepcion, Casilla 2407, Apt 10, Concepcion, Chile.

85:3911 Parsons, T.R. et al., 1984. An experimental marine

ecosystem response to crude oil and Corexit 9527, Part 2. Biological effects. Mar. environ. Res., 13(4): 265-275.

Corexit alone enhanced biological productivity without changing the structure of the temperate pelagic ecosystem. The mixture of Corexit and crude oil caused a major change in ecosystem ecology which resulted in large numbers of bacteria and zooflagellates, but a depression of all other zooplankton phyla. Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

85:3912 Pinkney, A.E., G.V. Poje, R.M. Sansur, C.C. Lee and

J.M. O'Connor, 1985. Uptake and retention of 14C-Ai"OC~)g® 1254 in the amphipod, Gsmmurus tigrinus, fed contaminated fungus, Fusurium oxysporum. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 14(1):59-64. Johns Hopkins Univ., APL, Shady Side, MD 20764, USA.

85:3913 Rachor, Eike, 1984. Experimental investigations

about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal fiat environments. XIII. Macrofauna. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):225-234. (In Ger- man, English abstract.)

Small-scale contaminations of muddy and sandy intertidal areas in the German Bight showed that (at

OLR (I 985) 32 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 575

least on mud) important endofauna populations ( Macoma baltica, Heteromastus filiformis, Peloscolex benedenO are affected; the recruitment or development of young animals is especially impeded. Amphipods nearly vanish from oil-contaminated areas. A mixture of crude oil and a trehalose lipid does not increase the oil effect. Finasol mixed with crude oil, however, results in amplified impairment; populations of Nereis diversicolor and Arenicola marina, not affected by the crude oil alone, are also harmed. Inst. fur Meeresforschung Bremerhaven, Am Handelshafen 12, D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG.

85:3914 Rajendran, N. and V.K. Venugopalan, 1983. Effect

of pesticides on phytoplankton production. Maha- sagar, 16(2): 193-197.

Primary production was inhibited considerably, in most cases decreasing with increase in pesticide concentration. The production values ranged from 24 to 89% of that of the control for the six pesticides tested. The organochlorines were most toxic and carbamate (sevin) the least toxic. The toxic effect decreased in the order DET, endosulfan, lindane, methylparathion, malathion, sevin. Centre of Adv. Study in Mar. Biol., Annamalai Univ., Porto Novo 608 502, India.

85:3915 Ramm, Georg, 1984. Experimental investigations

about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. V. Reactions of marine microphytobenthos toward contaminations of crude oil and dispersants. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):69-75. (In German, English abstract.)

Following oil contamination, microphytobenthos populations increased, decreased, or decreased and then increased. Reasons for the varying responses, and the effects of various oil dispersants are discussed. Gruner Weg 4, D-2161 Oederquart-Bruch, FRG. (msg)

85:3916 Remani, K.N., K.S. Devi, P. Venugopal and R.V.

Unnithan, 1983. Indicator organisms of pollution in Cochin Backwaters [Indial. Mahasagar, 16(2): 199-207. Centre for Water Res. Develop. and Mgmt., Kunnamangalam P.O., Calicut, Kerala, India.

85:3917 Riedel, G.F., 1984. Influence of salinity and sulfate on

the toxicity of chromium(Vl) to the estuarine diatom Thalassiosiru pseudonuna. J. Phycol., 20(4):496-500. Harbor Branch Inst., Inc., P.O. Box 196-A, RR 1, Fort Pierce, FL 33450, USA.

85:3918 Sach, Gllnter, 1984. Experimental investigations

about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal fiat environments. XI. Copepoda (Har- pacticoidea). Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):171- 195. (In German, English abstract.)

Responses of copepods to oil pollution were studied in the laboratory and field, and were found to vary with life stage (nauplii were more sensitive than adults), sediment type, and mode of contamination. Oil added directly to exposed sediments caused higher mortality than oil added to the overlying water column, although this effect was confounded by temperature differences. A 1:10 mixture of dispersant:oil caused greater mortality (88-97%) than did oil alone (70-90%), but recovery of the population was more rapid following exposure to dispersed oil (27 days) than non-dispersed oil (66 days). Zool. Inst. der Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, D-2300 Kiel, FRG. (mjj)

85:3919 Sach, GUnter, 1984. Experimental investigations

about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. XII. Nematoda. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1-6):197-223. (In Ger- man, English abstract.)

The effects of crude oil and an oil/dispersant mixture were examined. Little perturbation was observed for either pollutant in the muddy area. In contrast, decreased numbers occurred in the surface layer (0-I cm) of the sandy area following either treatment; only the mixture caused decreases in the middle and deep layers. Zool. Inst. der Univ. Kiel, Olshausenstr. 40-60, D-2300 Kiel, FRG. (gsb)

85:3920 Schocken, M.J. and M.K. Speedie, 1984. Physio-

logical aspects of atrazine degradation by higher marine fungi. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 13(6):707-714. Speedie: Dept. Med. Chem., Univ. of Maryland, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA.

85:3921 SkAre, J.U., Jorgen Stenersen, Nils Kveseth and

Anuschka Polder, 1985. Time trends of organ- ochlorine chemical residues in seven sedentary marine fish species from a Norwegian fjord during the period 1972-1982. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 14(1):33-41.

Residue levels of DDT, DDT metabolites, HCB and PCB's were traced for a 10 year period following the ban on DDT for agricultural uses. A consistent downward trend in total DDT was seen in 225 liver samples from seven bottom-dwelling fish species.

576 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1985) 32 (7)

During this period, metabolized DDT became an increasingly larger proportion of the DDT measured. PCB contamination was low and reflected baseline levels for this region. Norwegian Coll. of Vet. Med., Dept. of Pharmacol. and Toxicol., P.O. Box 8146, Oslo Dep., Norway. (bwt)

85:3922 I3nsal, M., 1984. Accumulation and loss of tin by the

mussel [Brachidontes variabilisl. Oceanologica Acta, 7(4):493-498. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Middle East Tech. Univ., P.K. 28, Erdemli, Icel, Turkey.

85:3923 Vymazal, Jan, 1984. Short-term uptake of heavy

metals by periphyton algae. Hydrobiologia, 119(3): 171-179.

Cladophora glomerata and Oedogonium rivulare were used. Uptake of all metals increased during four hours' exposure. Some metals were removed con- tinuously (Ni, Cr, Fe and Mn); others were removed more rapidly during the first hour or two, with only slight removal thereafter (Cu, Pb, Cd, Co). Uptake of Zn was rather unambiguous. Results suggest that the course of uptake for individual metals could be similar for most periphyton algae. Humic substances significantly reduced heavy metal uptake, most markedly for Cu, Cr, Co and Cd. Dept. of Water Tech. and Environ. Engrg., Trojanova 13, Prague 2, Czechoslovakia.

85:3924 White, D.H. and Eugene Cromartie, 1985. Bird use

and heavy metal accumulation in waterbirds at dredge disposal impoundments, Corpus Christi, Texas. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 34(2)" 295-300. School of Forest Resources, Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.

85:3925 Wonneberger, Klaus and Thomas HOpner, 1984.

Experimental investigations about effects of crude oll and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. VIII. The nutrient-efflux of the surface of tidal flat sediments: reason for the patchiness of the epibenthic primary production and condition for the biological oil degradation. Senckenberg. marit, 16(1-6):105-119. (In Ger- man, English abstract.) Fachbereich Biol. der Univ. Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-2900 Olden- burg, FRG.

85:3926 Zeeck, Erich, Peter Franke, Sabine Gross, Wolfgang

Gross, Matthias Niedrig and Susanne Schroer, 1984. Experimental investigations about effects of

crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. IV. Bacterial oil degradation as determined by fluorescence spectroscopy. Senc- kenberg, marit., 16(1-6):57-68. (In German, English abstract.)

Variations in fluorescence spectrum were determined for crude oil under the influence of oil- degrading bacteria. Seven strains were tested for coronene, pyrene and naphthacene oxidation in the presence of n-hexadecane, and for growth effects of a dispersant (Finasol OSR 5). Each compound was oxidized, but not by every strain, and all strains showed varying degrees of dispersant-induced growth inhibition. Fachbereich Biol. der Univ. Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG. (gsb)

85:3927 Zeeck, Erich and Claudia Matuschek, 1984. Exper-

imentui investigations about effects of crude oil and dispersed crude oil in tidal flat environments. XIV. Metabolism and distribution of crude oil in marine oligochaetes as determined by micro- spectrofluorometry. Senckenberg. marit., 16(1- 6):235-244. (In German, English abstract.)

Lumbricillus lineatus accumulated oxidized products in the intestine; non-oxidized lipophilic aromatic hydrocarbons were accumulated in the chloragogen cells. The products of bacterial oil degradation show fluorescence emission analogous to that of the oxidized products in the intestine of the oligochaetes, but that the oligochaete participates in oil degradation via its own enzymes cannot be ruled out. Fachbereich Chem. der Univ. Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG.

E330. Laboratory culture (rearing experiments, etc.)

85:3928 Faranda, Francesco, Alberto Salleo, Giuseppe Lo

Paro and Antonio Manganaro, 1983. Suitability of a natural mixed d~et for Penaens j~u~/cus growth. Memorie Biol. mar. Oeeanogr., 13(1):3- 17. (In Italian, English abstract.)

An experimental diet composed of 43% anchovy meat, 33% shrimp head and 24% squid meat was fed to one group (30 animals); two groups were fed the same diet but in different percentages, and a control group was fed only mussel meat. The experimental and control diets induced the same growth and survival rates, but a lower percentage of squid meat induced significantly lower rates. The role of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids is also dis-


cussed. Dipt. di Biol. Anim. ed Ecol. Mar., Univ. di Messina, Italy. (lit)

85:3929 Iwasaki, Hideo, Kohei Endo, Jun Ishii and Sadao

Nishihara, 1984. Cultivation of the marine co- Acarffa dami Giesbreeht. II. Fundamen-

tal experiments on mass culture. Bull. Fac. Fish. Mie Univ., 11:75-93. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

Experiments on maintaining cultures of Acartia clausi demonstrated that egg production per unit volume was high and not affected by the presence of males in high-density cultures. Preferred food items and food concentrations are discussed; changes in the seawater chemistry throughout the growth period are described. Fac. of Fish., Mie Univ., Edobashi Tsu, Japan. (msg)

85:3930 Maigret, Jacques, M. Fontaine and J. Daget (or-

ganizers), 1984. Marine aquariolngy. Seminar of 16-17 December, 1983. Oceanis, 10(5):481-595; 16 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

Four general subject areas of marine aquariology are covered here. The first is the role of the trophic chain in reproduction and growth (a simple trophic chain in a natural sewage pond, aquarium food chains, production of prey-filterers, breeding of Amphiprion ocellaris, a semi-damp fish food, an immersible hatchery for Artemia). The second concerns behavior in a confined environment (the impact of tagging on bass, social behavior and communication in Medi- terranean labrid fishes, actinian-crustacean relationships in the French Mediterranean). The third covers aquariological techniques, with discussions of a high-rate sand filter and the use of video- computers. The fourth section addresses the biology and pathology of aquariology (toxicity of sponges, thyroid hyperplasia in ornamental fish, the thera- peutic effect of a nitrofurane, the use of cyanide in capturing tropical marine fish). (lit)

85:3931 Muthu, M.S. and A. Laxminarayana, 1984. Artificial

insemination of Penneus monodon. Curt. Sci, 53(20): 1075-1077.

A technique of implanting electroejaculated spermatophores from the males into the thelycum of newly moulted, eyeablated females is described. The implanted spermatophores are retained by the female until the next moult. Three females were artificially inseminated 10 times and each time matured and spawned; one spawning yielded

healthy normal larvae which were reared to the postlarval stage in the laboratory. Central Mar. Fish. Res. Inst., Cochin 682 018, India.

E340. Aquaculture (commercial) 85:3932

Idso, S.B. and K.E. Idso, 1984. Conserving heat in a marine microcosm with a surface layer of fresh or brackish water: the 'semi-solar pond.' Solar Energy, 33(2): 149-154.

A modification of the standard solar pond is described, whereby thin surface layers of fresh or brackish water are used to retain heat captured naturally or supplied by passive solar panels to an underlying marine microcosm. Several management options are discussed, combinations of which allow for about a 10°C temperature advantage to be accrued as a result of employing the technique. U.S. Water Conserv. Lab., 4331 E. Broadway, Phoenix, AZ 85040, USA.

85:3933 Menesgnen, A., J.-P. Flassch and J. N&l~lec, 1984.

Utilization of mathematical analysis of growth for the comparison of various clam rearing techniques. Oceanologica Acta, 7(4):499-507. (In French, English abstract.)

Twenty-seven batches of Ruditapes philippinarum were reared under different conditions for up to 2.5 years and data on length growth and mortality were collected every 6 weeks. Overall rate of growth was strongly influenced by the rearing technique. Au- tumnal restocking produced negative effects on growth. Mortality depended on active protection, primarily crab removal. CNEXO, Centre Oceanol. de Bretagne, BP 337, 29273 Brest cedex, France. (wbg)

85:3934 Nakamura, Royden, 1985. Aquaculture development

in India: a model. Bioscience, 35(2):96-100.

India has implemented a nationwide program to promote aquaculture in its rural communities. This program differs from many others in addressing socioeconomic and cultural questions previously ignored by aquacultural scientists. Biol. Sci. Dept., Calif. Polytech. State Univ., San Luis Obispo, CA 93407, USA.

85:3935 Sumitra-Vijayaraghavan and Sayeeda Wafar, 1983.

Further studies in using mangrove foliage as a prawn feed. Mahasagar, 16(3):309-316. Natl.

578 E. Biological Oceanograph3 OLR (1985) 32 (7)

Inst. of Oceanogr., Dona Paula, Goa 403 004, India.

85:3936 Ventilla, R.F., 1984. Recent developments in the

Japanese oyster culture industry. Adv. mar. Biol., 21:1-57.

The sophisticated, cost effective, and highly productive Japanese system of culture is reviewed with some comparisons to other countries. Biology of the Japanese oyster; culture areas, techniques, and problems; and production, harvesting, and mar- keting are covered. Intl. Center for Living Res. Mgmt., MCC P.O. Box 1501, Makati, Metro Manila, Philippines. (mwf)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology

85:3937 Boyce, M.S., 1984. Restitution of r- and K--selection

as a model of density-dependent natural selection. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 15:427-447.

The author examines the 'curious love/hate relationship' that many ecologists have with r- and K-selection. The paper offers a review of r- and K-selection, but assumes the perspective of the r /K concept as a model of density-dependent natural selection. The model is discussed in an historical framework with other theories of life history. There is also some discussion concerning the paucity of empirical bases which test the hypotheses of the r/K concept. Dept. of Zool. and Physiol., Univ. of Wyoming, Laramie, WY 82071, USA. (jst)

Attitudes toward optimal foraging theory, plus theoretical and empirical developments, are reviewed to develop criteria for 'evaluating studies that attempt to test this theory.' Animal behavior while foraging, not time spent or timing of foraging, is considered. Few studies are found which satisfy the criteria posed. Predicted and observed foraging behavior agree reasonably closely only for studies which genuinely test the theory, with appropriate assumptions, mathematics and testing. Includes ca. 300 references. Dept. of Vert. Ecol., The Australian Mus., 6-8 College St., NSW 2000, Australia. (mjj)

85:3940 Wade, M.J., 1985. Soft selection, hard selection, kin

• selection, and group selection. Am. Naturalist, 125(1):61-73.

Theoretical relationships among the models of soft, hard, kin and group selection are examined by partitioning covariance into within- and between- group components. These models are shown to be variations of a 'common general model' which, unlike the more specific models, does not change covariance components by assumptions concerning hereditary mechanisms. The general model is ap- plied to situations with complex hierarchical group structure. Wilson's trait-group selection model, Price's (1970, 1972) equations, and Wright's shifting balance theory of evolution are examined. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Chicago, IL 60637, USA. (mjj)

E410. Miscellaneous

85:3938 Gilbert, N., 1984. What they didn't tell you about

limit cycles. Oecologia, 65(1): 112-113.

The paper examines the numerous assumptions involved in theories of predator-prey limit cycles. Predator-prey theories should incorporate the environmental fluctuations appropriate to each specific case. Div. of Wildlife and Rangelands Res., CSIRO P.O. Box 84, Lyneham, ACT 2602, Australia.

85:3939 Pyke, G.H., 1984. Optimal foraging theory: a critical

review. A. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 15:523-575.

85:3941 TeStrake, D. and H.C. Aldrich, 1984. Ultrastntcame

of two associations involving marine fungi and green algae. Botanica mar., 27(11):515-519.

Light microscope and transmission electron microscope studies of the fungus, Blodgettia bornetii, growing in the green alga, Cladophora catenata, and of a similar fungus growing in Siphonocladus rigida, suggested that the former association may be facultative and the latter, obligatory. Although these only known occurrences of fungi in the cell walls of marine algae resemble each other ultrastructurally, neither represents a clear case of mycophycobiosis. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of So. Florida, Tampa, FL 33620, USA. (mwf)

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