OLR (1983) 30 (7) 535

83:3921 Smith, P.J., 1983. Pacific volcano statistics. How

many ocean volcanoes? Nature, Lond., 301(5897): 195-196.

A report on a statistical examination of the 12,000 seamounts and volcanic islands found on Pacific bathymetric charts showed that the true number of

volcanoes could be as high as 55,000 and that they could account for up to 25% of the oceanic lithosphere. Most of them seem to have erupted away from the ridge; differences in production between hotspot and non-hotspot volcanoes could not be detected statistically. Dept. of Earth Sci., Open Univ., Milton Keynes MK7 6AA, UK. (mwf)

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

El0. Apparatus and methods

83:3922 Andersen, F.O. and Per Famme, 1983. A method for

determination of fresh weight of aquatic organ- isms. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 66(1):89-92.

Precise and rapid, the determination of fresh weight is done gravimetrically with a spectrophotometric estimate providing a correction for adherent water. Inst. of Biol., Odense Univ., Campusvej 55, DK-5230 Odense M, Denmark.

83:3923 Austin, Alan, Sylvia Lang and Martin Pomeroy,

1981. Simple methods for sampling periphyton with observations on sampler design criteria. Hydrobiologia, 85(1):33-47.

Requirements for an ideal standard sampling system for periphyton communities are discussed. Several simple and inexpensive devices for both spatially discrete and continuous sampling modes are de- scribed and field-tested in a variety of habitats. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Victoria, BC V8W 2Y2, Canada.

83:3924 Bradbury, R.H. and R.E. Reichelt, 1983. Fractal

dimension of a coral reef at ecological scales. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser., 10(2):169-171.

Conventional analytical techniques do not cope adequately with multiscale processes. Mandelbrot's concept of fractal dimension, a novel approach to multiscale phenomena, is applied to the problem of coral reef topography. A fractal dimension

D = 1.9-2.0 for a contour on the reef slope is obtained, contrasting strongly with the well-estab- lished value of D = 1.2-1.3 for coastlines. Specu- lation is that the coral reef slope is maximizing its contact with the surrounding medium. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., P.M.B. No. 3, MSO TownsviUe, Qld. 4810, Australia..

83:3925 Brahma, S.K., P.E. Hargraves, W.F. Howard Jr. and

W.H. Nelson, 1983. A resonance Raman method for the rapid detection and identification of algae in water. Appl. Spectrosc., 37(1):55-58.

Strong, reproducible resonance Raman spectra were obtained for aqueous suspensions of marine plank- tonic algae. Spectra were sufficiently unique for differentiation of algal classes, and possibly genera, but not species. This technique is rapid, requires little sample preparation, and may be useful in remote sensing. Nelson: Dept. of Chem. Engrg., Univ. of Delaware, Newark, Del. 1971 l, USA. (mjj)

83:3926 Diaz, Humberto, J.E. Conde and Marina Bevi-

lacqua, 1983. A volumetric method for estimating fecundity in Decapoda. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser~ 10(2):203-206.

The new volumetric method is more precise and faster than that of either Hopkins (1962; modified by Dtaz, 1974) or Bogorov and Zenkevich (1947; modified by Ros and Menocal, 1978). Centro de Ecol., Inst. Venezolano de Invest. Cient., AP 1827, Caracas 1010 A, Venezuela.

536 [. Biological Oceanography OLR (1983) 3017)

83:3927 Magdych, W.P., 1981. An efficient, inexpensive

elutriator design for separating benthos from sediment samples. Hydrobiologia, 85(2): 157-159.

The elutriator (efficiency of 96.1+3.5% in sorting mixed invertebrates from sandy sediments) is easily constructed from PVC pipe and fittings available in most hardware stores; it can be adapted for portable use in the field. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Oklahoma, Norman, Okla, 73019, USA.

83:3928 Mouze. Michel, J.-G. Pilon and Jany Lavoie-Dornik,

1981. [A new labelling technique for certain insects and crustaceans: microscars on the com- pound eye.] Hydrobiologia, 85(1):77-83. (In French, English abstract.) Inst. de Biol. Animale, Univ. des Sci. et Tech. de Lille I, 59650 ViIleneuve d'Ascq, France.

83:3929 Szit6, Andr~ls and Agnes Abrah~lm, 1982. [A mud

suspension method for benthic invertebrate sam- pling.] Limnologica, Bed., 14(1):43-47. (In Ger- man, English abstract.) Forschungsinstitut fur Fisch., H-5541 Szarvas, Hungary.

FA0. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecol- ogy, etc.)

83:3930 Chelton, D.B., P.A. Bernal and J.A. McGowan,

1982. Large-seale interannual physical and bio- logical interaction in the California Current. J. mar. Res., 40(4):1095-1125.

Data on temperature, salinity, steric height and zooplankton gathered annually since 1949 were used to investigate causes of large-scale interannual variations in physical conditions and related bio- logical responses. Large-scale nutrient regeneration and resultant increases in productivity and zoo- plankton biomass are not caused by wind-driven upwelling; rather, advection (horizontal and vertical) resulting from changes in the flow appears the primary control. Causes of changes in flow are unclear, but are related to E1 Nifio phenomena in the eastern tropical Pacific. Jet Propulsion Lab., Calif. Inst. of Tech., Pasadena, Calif. 91109, USA. (mjj)

83:3931 Chen, Dou et al., 1982. least China Sea biotu.] Stud.

mar. sin., 19:1-226; 14 papers. (In Chinese, English abstracts.)

Heterotrophic bacteria, medusae, chaetognaths, echinoderms, hyperiid amphipods, phytoplankton, myctophids, radiolarians and actinians from the East China Sea continental shelf are discussed ecolog- ically. New species of Paracalliactis (Hormathiidae), Kinetoskias and Collonia (Turbinidae) are reported. Some deep-sea fishes from the Okinawa Trough are noted. (ihz)

83:3932 Cox. J.L., L.R. Haury and J.J. Simpson, 1982.

Spatial patterns of grazing-related parameters in California coastal surface waters, July 1979. J. mar. Res., 40(4):1127-1153.

Surface temperature, chlorophyll, zooplankton ( )153 /~m) wet weight density, and laminarinase activity (zooplankton digestive enzyme) were mapped continuously for 20 days in the California coastal upwelling zone. Laminarinase activity was correlated strongly with grazing rates, with a 2-day time lag. The relationship between zooplankton abundance and phytoplankton biomass and the effects of upwelling and current patterns were investiga.ted. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of Calif., Santa Barbara, Calif. 93106, USA. (mjj)

83:3933 Kern, J.C. and A.G. Carey Jr.. 1983. The faunal

assemblage inhabiting seasonal sea ice in the nearshore Arctic Ocean with emphasis on cope- pods. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set., 10(2):159-167.

Over 90% of the individuals collected from the lower layer of seasonal ice in the nearshore Beaufort Sea belonged to meiofaunal taxa; density was compa- rable to the highest previous estimate from sea ice, reaching a maximum of ~50,000 individuals/m 2 in June. Nematodes were numerically dominant, but copepods and turbellarians were also abundant. Cyclopina gracilis appeared to reproduce continu- ously, whereas the population of Harpacticus sp. initially consisted only of juveniles; the growth of a single cohort was observed. Harpacticus sp. mated in the ice, but gravid females did not appear during the sampling period. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of South Florida, Tampa, Fla. 33620. USA.

E80. Plankton (also pr imary productivity, seston and detritus)

83:3934 Bird, J.L. and C.L. Kitting, 1982. Laboratory studies

of a marine copepod (Temora ruth/ham Dana) tracking dinoflngellate migrations In a miniature

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 537

water column. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 25:27-44. NORDA, NSTL Sta., Miss. 39529, USA.

83:3935 Bonin, D.J., 1982. Nutritional dynamics of phyto-

plankton. Oceanis, 8(6):459-492. (In French, English summary.)

This review of the past 2 decades' advances in phytoplankton nutrition and ecology considers the various models of phytoplankton nutrient assimi- lation; clearly important factors include light inten- sity, temperature and intermediate organic content. More 'manipulative' studies are needed to ascertain relationships between field observations (encom- passing vertical migration, nutrient distribution, grazing) and laboratory studies of algal cultures. Sta. mar. d'Endoume, Rue de la Batterie-des-Lions, 13007 Marseille, France. (ahm)

83:3936 Davis, C.C., 1982. A preliminary quantitative study of

the zooplankton from Conception Bay, insular Newfoundland, Canada. Int. Revue ges. Hydro- biol., 67(5):713-747. Dept. of Biol., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, Nfld., Canada.

83:3937 Fisher, N.S. and R.A. Cowdell, 1982. Growth of

marine planktonic diatoms on inorganic and organic nitrogen. Mar. Biol., 72(2): 147-155.

Diatom clones from both eutrophic and oligotrophic waters grew equally well on inorganic and organic (urea, uric acid and amino acids) N sources at high and low light levels. All dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) compounds tested, including some natural DON, were utilizable for algal growth. Some clones grew less well on aspartic and glutamic acids than on the other amino acids. Intl. Lab. of Mar. Radio- activity, Musee Oceanogr., MC 98000, Monaco. (mjj)

83:3938 Fisher, T.R., P.R. Carlson and R.T. Barber, 1982.

Carbon and nitrogen primary productivity in three North Carolina estuaries. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 15(6):621-644.

CO 2 and NH4 ÷ uptake studies illustrate some complex interactions among light, C primary pro- ductivity and NH4 ÷ uptake and point out important differences and some degree of 'loose coupling' between these 2 methods of measuring productivity. NH4 + uptake was more light independent. The data suggest that NH4 ÷ uptake 'deep in the euphoric zone and at night is a mechanism for balancing the C:N

of cellular pools.' An extensive discussion of pro- ductivity estimates in the estuaries is presented. Univ. of Maryland, Horn Point Environl. Lab., P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, Md. 21613, USA. (msg)

83:3939 Guo, Yujie and Zeyu Yang, 1982. Ecological studies

on the phytoplankton over the continental shelf of the East China Sea in the summer of 1976. Stud. mar. sin., 19:11-32. (In Chinese, English sum- mary.) Inst. of Oceanol., Academia Sinica, People's Republic of China.

83:3940 Harrison, W.G., 1983. Uptake and recycling of

soluble reactive phosphorus [SRPI by marine microplankton. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 10(2): 127- 135.

Seasonal SRP fluctuations in Bedford Basin (Can- ada) were characterized by high uptake and low regeneration rates during spring and fall blooms and higher regeneration rates during summer. Annual SRP regeneration could meet ~50% of the P requirements for planktonic production. Micro- plankton provided >60% of the P requirements in the Peruvian Upwelling region and the eastern tropical Pacific, and at times, >100% of uptake requirements in Arctic waters. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

83:3941 Hernroth, Lars and Hans Ackefors, 1979. The

zooplankton of the Baltic proper. A long-term investigation of the fauna, its biology and ecology. Fishery Bd Sweden Inst. mar. Res. Rept, 2:60pp.

Forty zooplankton species (excluding microzoo- plankton) were recorded regularly; 10-12 species dominate the biomass and production. The Baltic's unique hydrography and its influence on the plank- ton are discussed. Zooplankton production and its role in energy flow are considered. Inst. of Mar. Res., 453 00 Lysekil, Sweden. (ahm)

83:3942 Homer, Rita and G.C. Schrader, 1982. Relative

contributions of ice algae, phytoplankton, and benthic mieroalgae to primary production in nearshore regions of the Beaufort Sea. Arctic, 35(4):485-503.

Phytoplankton levels in winter are low with chl a levels near the limit of detection. MicroflageUates are the most abundant organisms in the water column and in sea ice along with a few diatoms; cells are

538 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1983)30 (7)

present in sea ice from the time it forms in the fall. Cells concentrate in the bottom few cm of ice during March-April; growth continues until late May-early June when maximum production and standing stock occur. Light is apparently the major factor con- trolling spring production with ice algae taking advantage of increasing light levels. Water column production and benthic production do not increase until after the ice algae disappear in early June. Ice algae provided ~ 2 / 3 and phytoplankton I/3 of spring primary production; the benthic contribution was negligible. 4211 N.E. 88 St., Seattle, Wash. 98115, USA.

83:3943 Huq, Anwarul, E.B. Small, P.A. West, M.I. Huq,

Rezaur Rahman and R.R. Colwell, 1983. Eco- logical relationships between Vibrio choler~e and planktonic crustacean copepods. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1 ): 275-283.

SEM revealed that V. cholerae strains attach to live copepods predominantly in the oral and egg sac regions. Vibrio survival in water was enhanced in the presence of live copepods. The attachment is considered ecologically significant as Pseudomonas sp., Escherichia coli and other bacteria did not adhere to live or dead copepods. Dept. of Microbiol., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, Md. 20742, USA. (msg)

83:3944 Ibarra O., Silvia, 1981. The part played by micro- and

nannophytoplankton in the primary production of a coastal zone in the northwest Mediterranean. Vie Milieu, 31(2):119-128. (In French, English abstract.)

After division of the natural phytoplankton popu- lation into different size classes, 2 responses were seen: enhancement of the photosynthesis of large diatoms (related to fertilization) and a nannoplank- ton bloom (apparently influenced by dilution from precipitation and runoff). The nannoplankton frac- tion accounted for most of the biomass. Prefiltration consequences are considered. Cicese, Apdo. Postal 2732, Ensenada, B.C., Mexico. (ahm)

83:3945 lshii, Hitoshi and Izumi Takagi, 1982. Global

stability of stationary solutions to a nonlinear diffusion equation in phytoplankton dynamics. J. mathl Biol., 16(I):1-24.

A nonlinear diffusion equation which describes the depth distribution of phytoplankton growth as a function of light intensity (self-shading), sinking velocity and loss rates (respiration, predation, and

death) is considered. Both the stationary problem and the asymptotic behavior of the solution are discussed. Criteria necessary for the existence of positive stationary solutions are given. Dept. of Math., Chuo Univ., 1-13-27, Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112, Japan. (mjj)

83:3946 Kahru, M., 1983. Phytoplankton patchiness generated

by long internal waves: a model. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set., 10(2):l 11-117.

A simple computer model is used to investigate the interaction between long internal waves (period ~ 13 d) and primary productivity processes in the Baltic Sea. Differences in the depth integrals of daily primary production between wave crests and troughs amount to ~50% and the vertical flux of the nitrate nitrogen locally may reach ~ 5 0 mg N m 2 d J. The mechanism might be a significant additional source for the formation of mesoscale horizontal hetero- geneities in phytoplankton biomass. Dept. of the Baltic Sea, Inst. of Thermophys. and Electrophys., Paldiski St. I, Tallinn 200 031, USSR.

83:3947 Li. W.K.W. et al., 1983. Autotrophic picoplankton in

the tropical ocean. Science, 219(4582):292-295.

'Picoplankton' passing through a l /~m screen but retained on a 0.2 ~tm screen accounted for 25 90% of the biomass (chl a) and 20-80% of the 14CO2 fixation in phytoplankton of the eastern tropical Pacific Ocean. These picoplankton appear to be autotrophic cells, not .just cell fragments, based on time-course measurements and other data. Ecological and meth- odological implications are discussed. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS, B2Y 4A2, Canada. (mjj)

83:3948 Li, W.K.W. and W.G. Harrison, 1982. Carbon flow

into the end-products of photosynthesis in short and long incubations of a natural phytoplankton population. Mar. Biol., 72(2):175-182.

A 32-h time course measurement of J4C uptake was conducted under Arctic summer conditions. Non- linear '4C incorporation was determined by com- parison with a sequential series of 2-h incubations and appeared due to catabolic loss of radiocarbon: curvature differed for the different photosynthetic end-products (polysaccharides, lipids, protein) de- pending on their contributions to the respiratory and excretory pools. Mar. Ecol. Lab., Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada. (mjj)

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 539

83:3949 Lindahl, Odd and Lars Hernroth, 1983. Phyto-

zooplankton community in coastal waters of western Sweden--an ecosystem off balance? Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set., 10(2):119-126.

In what was supposed a relatively undisturbed fjord, heavy phytoplankton blooms were found during spring, and autumn chlorophyll a and cell numbers were far above normal. Extremely low zooplankton biomass during the spring bloom and abundant scyphornedusae resulted in low grazing pressure and probably led to increased organic sedimentation; oxygen deficit has occurred in fjord bottom waters. Whether these events are due to natural fluctuations or anthropogenic influences is not known. Kris- tineberg Mar. Biol. Sta., S-450 34 Fiskebackskil, Sweden.

83:3952 Platt, T. et al., 1983. Photosynthetically-competent

phytoplankton from the aphotic zone of the deep ocean. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser., 10(2):105-110.

Each of 2 water samples, one from 10 m and the other from 1000 m on the Costa Rica Dome (eastern tropical Pacific), contained pigmented cells of several diatoms, dinoflagellates and coccoids. The C assimilation number (~0.8) was similar in both samples as were the ratios of RuBP carboxylase to other carboxylating enzymes. However, initial slope and the inhibition parameter were considerably higher for the deep sample. Possible mechanisms by which these viable algae reached the aphotic zone are discussed. Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Dart- mouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

83:3950 Mackas, D.L. and H.A. Sefton, 1982. Plankton

species assemblages off southern Vancouver Island: geographic pattern and temporal varia- bility. J. mar. Res., 40(4):i173-1200.

Multivariate classification and ordination methods are used to describe the patterns of plankton community composition during the summer. Sites having biologically similar species form distinct clusters in species space and are clustered geo- graphically. The clusters are stable over time and conform well with bathymetry patterns and physical circulation. The regional composition pattern shows little association of a particular species assemblage with a particular location, suggesting that local species composition is determined predominantly by nonlocal succession coupled with advection. Inst. of Ocean Sci., P.O. Box 6000, Sidney, BC VSL 4B2, Canada.

83:3951 Omori, M. and W.M. Hamner, 1982. Patchy distri-

bution of zooplankton: behavior, population as- sessment and sampling problems. Mar. Biol., 72(2): 193-200.

Patterns of intense aggregations of animals from 6 taxa showed characteristics that varied with species and that included feeding swarms, diel horizontal migration swarms, and bathymetric zonation of schools. Sampling in more than one way was necessary to detect such behavior, which was not observed from the sea surface; knowledge of this behavior is needed to assess true abundance of the animals. Tokyo Univ. of Fish., Konan, Minato-ku, Tokyo, 108, Japan. (mwf)

83:3953 Turner, R.E. and R.L. Allen, 1982. Plankton respi-

ration rates in the bottom waters of the Missis- sippi River Delta Bight. Contr. mar. Sei. Univ. Texas, 25:173-179. Center for Wetland Res., Louisiana State Univ., Baton Rouge, La. 70803- 7507, USA.

El00. Nekton (communi t i es ; also fish, rep- tiles, m a m m a l s )

83:3954 de L. Brooke, M. and M.C. Garnett, 1983. Survival

and reproductive performance of hawksbili turtles Eretmochelys imbrlcata L. on Cousin Island, Seychelles. Biol. Conserv., 25(2):161-170. Ed- ward Grey Inst., Zool. Dept., South Parks Rd., Oxford OXI 3PS, UK.

83:3955 Hazard, K.W. and J.C. Cubbage, 1982. Bowbead

whale distribution in the southeastern Beaufort Sea and Amundsen Gulf, summer 1979. Arctic, 35(4):519-523. Cascadia Res., 418 N. Cushing, Olympia, Wash. 98502, USA.

83:3956 Whittow, G.C. and G.H. Balazs, 1982. Basking

behavior of the Hawaiian green turtle (Chelonla mydas). Paeif. Sci., 36(2): 129-139. Pacific Biomed. ges. Center, Kewalo Mar. Lab., Hon- olulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.

540 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1983) 30 (7)

Ell0. Bottom communities

83:3957 Behbehani, M.I. and R.A. Croker, 1982. Ecology of

beach wrack in northern New England with special reference to Orehestia platensis. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 15(6):611-620. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Kuwait, State of Kuwait.

83:3958 Cosson, J. and F. Thouin, 1981. A study of the

macrophytohenthos in Seine Bay: problems in methodology. Vie Milieu, 31(2):113-118. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. d'Algol, fond- amentale et appl., Univ. de Caen, 14000 Caen, France.

83:3959 Dauer, D.M., G.H. Tourtellotte and R.M. Ewing,

1982. Oyster shells and artificial worm tubes: the role of refuges in structuring benthic communities of the Lower Chesapeake Bay. Benthic studies of the Lower Chesapeake Bay. 2. Int. Revue ges. HydrobioL, 67(5):661-677.

With a single exception, both tubes and oyster clumps had significant effects on total macrofaunal densities; numbers of nematodes and harpacticoid copepods (usually higher than in controls) were always lower beneath oyster clumps than tubes. Dept. of Oceanogr., Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, Va., USA.

83:3960 Desbruy~res, Daniel et al., 1982. Biological obser-

vations of new submarine thermal springs on the East Pacific Rise. C. r. hebd. S~anc. Acad. Sci., Paris, (III)295(8):489-494. (In French, English abstract.) Centre Oceanol. de Bretagne, B.P. no. 337, 29273 Brest Cedex, France.

83:3961 Dunton, K.H., Erk Reimnitz and Susan Schonberg,

1982. An Arctic kelp community in the Alaskan Beaufort Sea. Arctic, 35(4):465-484.

The 'Boulder Patch' in Stefansson Sound is com- posed of patchily-distributed, variously-sized cob- bles and boulders covered with kelp and inverte- brates. The area is protected from ice floe abrasion by offshore islands and shoals and remains a nondepositional environment despite seasonal sed- iment influx. Scarcity of similar patches along the Beaufort Sea coast is due to the lack of rocky areas both protected from ice and having no net sedi- mentation. Inst. of Water Res., Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, Alaska 99701, USA. (ahm)

83:3962 Evans, Sverker, 1983. Production, predation and food

niche segregation in a marine shallow soft-bottom community. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set., 10(2): 147-157.

Large numbers of the shrimp Crangon crangon, juvenile plaice Pleuronectes platessa and sand goby Pomatoschistus minutus aggregated during summer and fed on benthic macro- and meiofauna. Preda- tion impact was calculated at 12 17% of the total macro- and meiofaunal production, contradicting the hypothesis that predation should be the major extrinsic determinant keeping population levels below carrying capacity. Shallow soft bottoms provide an abundant food supply that neither limits growth nor produces severe competition between the epibenthic predators, although their diets are almost identical: it is suggested that their abundance will be controlled by larger predators. Dept. of Zool., Uppsala Univ., Box 561, S-751 22, Uppsala, Sweden.

83:3963 Joint, I.R., J.M. Gee and R.M. Warwick, 1982.

Determination of fine-scale vertical distribution of microbes and meiofanna in an intertidal sediment. Mar. Biol., 72(2): 157-164.

A method of sub-sampling sediment cores which permits a vertical discrimination of l mm in fine sand is described. Three species of migrating algae exhibited distinct changes in vertical distribution during sandflat flooding; bacterial distribution was not altered by the tidal cycle. Harpacticoid copepod distribution suggested 'that different species may occupy particular fine-scale spatial niches within the sand column." The vertical separation of nematodes was less well defined. Nat. Environ. Res. Council, Inst. for Mar. Environ. Res., Prospect Place, The Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, Devon, UK. (msg)

83:3964 McBee, J.T. and W.T. Brehm, 1982. Spatial and

temporal patterns in the macrohenthos of St. Louis Bay, Mississippi. Gulf Res. Repts, 7(2): 115-124. Ecol. Section, Gulf Coast Res. Lab., Ocean Springs, Miss. 39564, USA.

El30. Fouling and boring organisms (communit ies and control)

83:3965 Kay, A.M. and A.J. Butler, 1983. 'Stability' of the

fouling communities on the pilings of two piers in South Australia. Oecologia, 56(I):70-78. Austra- lian Environ. Studies, Griffith Univ., Kessels Rd., Nathan, Qld. 4111. Australia.

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 541

El40. Birds 83:3966

Croll, D.A. and R.W. Holmes, 1982. A note on the occurrence of diatoms on the feathers of diving seabirds. Auk, 99(4):765-766. Holmes: Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, Calif. 93106, USA.

83:3967 Gochfeld, Michael, 1983. The roseate tern: world

distribution and status of a threatened species. Biol. Conserv., 25(2):103-125. Dept. of Environ. & Comm. Med., Rutgers Medical Sch., Piscata- way, NJ 08854, USA.

83:3968 Le Maho, Yvon, 1983. Metabolic adaptations to

long-term fasting in Antarctic penguins and domestic geese. Review. J. therm. Biol., 8(1/2): 91-96. CNRS, Lab. de Physiol. Respir., 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.

83:3969 Orr, C.D. and J.L. Parsons, 1982. Ivory gulls,

Pagoplffla eburnea, and ice edges in Davis Strait and the Labrador Sea. Can. Fld-Naturalist, 96(3):323-328. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Simon Fraser Univ., Burnaby, BC V5A IS6, Canada.

83:3970 Pennycuick, C.J., 1982. The flight of petrels and

albatrosses (Procellariiformes), observed in South Georgia and its vicinity. Phil. Trans. R. Soc., (B)300(1098):75-106. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Bristol, Woodland Rd., Bristol BS8 lUG, UK.

83:3971 Porter, J.M. and S.G. Sealy, 1982. Dynamics of

seabird multispecies feeding flocks: age-related feeding behaviour. Behaviour, 81(2/4):91-109.

Juveniles were less skilled at locating and capturing prey. Post-fledging survival was increased for juve- niles attracted to and feeding in flocks. Results generally support previous explanations for delayed maturity, small clutches and prolonged parental care. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Durham, Sci. Lab., South Rd., Durham, DHI 3LE, UK. (ahm)

El50. Microbiology (communities, pro- cesses; also bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, etc.)

83:3972 Alexander, S.K., S.J. Schropp and J.R. Schwarz,

1982. Spatial and seasonal distribution of hydro-

carbon-utilizing bacteria of sediment from the northwestern Gulf of Mexico. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 25:13-19.

Sediments from this intense oil-producing area 'contain a dynamic resident population' of hydro- carbon-utilizing bacteria. Bacterial abundance was greatest in estuaries and decreased with distance offshore. Seasonal changes in abundance appeared to be controlled by temperature with highest popu- lations in summer or fall. Spatial variations in population abundance may be related to hydro- carbon input. Dept. of Mar. Biol., Texas A&M Univ., Galveston, Tex. 77553, USA. (msg)

83:3973 Austin, B., 1982. Taxonomy of bacteria isolated from

a coastal, marine fish-rearing unit. J. appl. Bact., 53(2):253-268. MAFF, Direct. of Fish. Res., Weymouth, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK.

83:3974 Banat, I.M., D.B. Nedwell and M.T. Balba, 1983.

Stimulation of methanogenesis by slurries of saltmarsh sediment after the addition of molyb- date to inhibit sulphate-reducing bacteria. J. gen. Microbiol., 129(1):123-129. Nedwell: Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, Essex, UK.

83:3975 Boyd, P.E. and Jan Kohlmeyer, 1982. The influence

of temperature on the seasonal and geographic distribution of three marine fungi. Mycologia, 74(6):894-902.

In-vitro temperature ranges of Asteromyces cruciatus, Sigmoidea marina and Varicosporina ramulosa were correlated with their global distribution and seasonal occurrence in North Carolina. The temperate water species A. cruciatus and S. marina inhabit the North Atlantic and North and South Pacific (S. marina also is found in the subtropical western Atlantic) and exhibit optimal growth from 20-30°C. V. ramulosa, a tropical-subtropical species, inhabits the Atlantic and Pacific and grows optimally from 35~10°C. A distribution map and new collecting sites are provided. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of North Carolina, Morehead City, N.C. 28557, USA. (msg)

83:3976 Chen, Dou, Zhenru Qian, Zhimin Wang, Shize Shen

and Zhaohui Yang, 1982. Ecological distribution of heterotrophie bacteria on the continental shelf of the East China Sea. Stud. mar. sin., 19" 1-10. (In Chinese, English abstract.)

The density of heterotrophic bacterial populations in coastal and estuarine samples was generally higher

542 I. Biological Oceanogfaphx ~,)LR 11983) 30 17)

than in the open sea. High-density samples were clustered in limited areas and may indicate the presence of organic matter. Bacillus sp. were dom- inant in the ~1300 species isolated. It is suggested that Bacillus be used as an indicator organism in sediment studies. Inst. of Oceanol., Academia Sinica, People's Republic of China. (msg)

83:3977 Dartevelle, Zima and Pierre Vlayen, 1981. IAntibiotic

bacteria in sediments.I Bull. Inst, r, Sci. nat. Belg.. (Biol.)53(7):14pp. (In French.) Inst. royal des Sci. nat. de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium.

83:3978 Federle, T.W., M.A. Hullar, R.J. Livingston, D.A.

Meeter and D.C. White, 1983. Spatial distri- bution of biochemical parameters indicating bio- mass and community composition of microbial assemblies in estuarine mud flat sediments. Appl. en viron. Microbiol., 45( 1 ): 58-63.

Sampling plots 0.2 × 0.2 m in area were not large enough to adequately represent the entire micro- biota; at one station even a 2 × 2 m plot was not representative. Total microbial biomass as measured by phospholipid and lipid palmitic acid contents was better correlated with the fatty acid signatures of bacteria than with those of the microfauna. White: Dept. of Biol. Sci., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, Fla. 32306, USA. (mjj)

83:3979 Hanson, R.B., 1982. Influence of the Mississippi

River on the spatial distribution of microhetero- trophic activity in the Gulf of Mexico. Contr. mar. Sci. Univ. Texas, 25:181-198.

Microheterotrophic activity was influenced greatly by the river in the Mississippi Delta Bight but not in the Gulf of Mexico. Activity in the bight decreased with distance offshore and with depth: low salinity and high POC were correlated with highest activity. Activity in the gulf was lower than in the bight and decreased with depth. Carbohydrate turnover times and respiration are discussed. Skidaway inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 13687, Savannah, Ga. 31406, USA. (msg)

83:3980 Humphrey, Beverley, Staffan Kjelleberg and K.C.

Marshall, 1983. Responses of marine bacteria under starvation conditions at a solid-water interface. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1):43-47.

Rapid size reduction of bacteria during the first few hours of starvation is an active process defined here as "dwarfing." Cells in early logarithmic growth

decreased in size most rapidly. Rod-shaped hydro- philic bacteria underwent dwarfing more rapidly at a solid-water (or air-water) interface than in the liquid phase, whereas the opposite was true for rod-shaped hydrophobic bacteria. Low temperature and low pH, but not chloramphenicol, reversibly inhibited dwarf- ing. Coccoidal bacteria did not undergo dwarfing when starved. Marshall: Sch. of Microbiol., Univ. of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW 2033, Austra- lia. (mjj)

83:3981 ,laitly, A.K. and J.N. Rai, 1982. Thermophilic and

thermotolerant fungi isolated from mangrove swamps. M~,cologm, 74(6):1021-1022. Dept. of Bot., Univ. of Lucknow, 226007, India.

83:3982 Kapuscinski, R.B. and Ralph Mitchell, 1983. Sun-

light-induced mortality of viruses and Escherichia coli in coastal seawater. Environ. Sci. Technol., 17[1):1-6.

In-vitro mortality of E. coli and the phages MS2, ~'~x-174 and "1"7 was more than 10 times greater in sunlil seawater than in the dark: wavelengths exceeding 370 nm contributed to the mortality. Convex semi-logarithmic mortality curves in E. coli sunlit populations suggested that mortality resulted from 'cumulative photochemical damage." E. co// died more rapidly than MS2 under identical con- ditions. Dept. of Civil Engrg., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. 48109. USA. (msg)

83:3983 Kourany, Miguel. 1983. Medium for isolation and

differentiation of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Vibrio Mginolyticus. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1):310-312.

Trypticase soy agar supplemented with sucrose, sodium chloride, bile salts, and triphenyltetrazolium chloride is an improved plating medium for isolating V. parahaemolyticus from seawater and differenti- ating this organism from V. alginolyticus and other bacteria. Gorgas Memorial Lab., Apt. 6991, Panama 5, Panama.

83:3984 Matsunaga, ladashi and Akira Mitsui, 1982. Sea-

water-based hydrogen production by immobilized marine photosynthetic bacteria. Biotechnol. Bio- engng Syrup.. 12:441-450.

The bacteria Rhodopseud~m~omls sp. were immobi- lized with 2(,:i agar on :to agarose-coated polyester film. Immobilized cells were protected from osmotic stress and from inhibition by O~ and N< thev

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 543

produced H 2 at rates as high as 445 mL/g dry cell/h for many days. Immobilized cells are particularly useful in treatment of organic wastes as they can be separated easily from wastewater. Mitsui: Sch. of Mar. and Atmos. Sci., Univ. of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Fla. 33149, USA. (mjj)

83:3985 Metcalf, T.G. and J.L. Melnick, 1983. Simple

apparatus for collecting estuarine sediments and suspended solids to detect solids-associated virus. Appl. environ. Mierobiol., 45(1):323-327.

Sampler recovery effectiveness averaged 30% for 2 enteroviruses and rotavirus SA11. A minimal recov- ery potential of 54% was calculated when losses caused by virus concentration procedure inade- quacies were excluded. Both sediment-associated and suspended solids-associated viruses were col- lected. The unique advantage of the sampler for selective collection of virus-associated top layers of sediment, plus collection over extensive areas, resulted in recovery of more viruses than obtained with a dredge-type sampler. Melnick: Dept. of Virology and Epidemiology, Baylor Coll. of Medi- cine, Houston, Tex. 77030, USA.

83:3986 Moriarty, D.J.W. and P.C. Pollard, 1982. Diel

variation of bacterial productivity in seagrass (Zostera capricorm) beds measured by rate of thymidine incorporation into DNA. Mar. Biol., 72(2): 165-173.

Bacterial production increased 5- to 10-fold during the morning, decreased during the afternoon, and was invariant during the night, suggesting linkage to DOC excretion by scagrass. Advantages of the tritiated thymidine technique are discussed. CSIRO Mar. Lab., P.O. Box 120, Cleveland, Qld. 4163, Australia. (mjj)

83:3987 Motes, M.L. Jr., S.R. Zywno, A. DePaola, R.E.

Becker and M.W. Presnell, 1983. Isolation of Vibrio cholerae serotype Ogawa from a Florida estuary. ,4ppl. environ. M ierobiol., 45(1):321-322. FDA, Gulf Coast Tech. Services Unit, Dauphin Island, Ala. 36528, USA.

83:3988 Niemi, Maarit, Mervi Sibakov and Seppo Niemela,

1983. Antibiotic resistance among different spe- cies of fecal coliforms isolated from water sam- ples. Appl. environ. Mierobiol., 45(1):79-83. Niemela: Dept. of Microbiol., Helsinki Univ., Helsinki 71, Finland.

83:3989 Raj, H.D. and K.A. Paveglio, 1983. Contributing

carbohydrate catabolic pathways in Cyclobac- terlnm marinus. J. Bact., 153(1):335-339. Dept. of Microbiol., California State Univ., Long Beach, Calif. 90840, USA.

83:3990 Shinoda, Sumio, Noriko Nakahara, Yohko

Ninomiya, Kiyomi Itoh and Haruaki Kane, 1983. Serological method for identification of Vibrio parahaemolyticus from marine samples. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1): 148-152. Dept. of Environ. Hygiene, Okayama Univ., Tsushima, Okayama 700, Japan.

83:3991 Sugita, Haruo, Hideo Tanaami and Yoshiaki

Deguchi, 1982. Measurement of bacterial counts in [Edo River mouth, Japan] sediments with the gram staining method. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10):1469-1471. Dept. of Fish., Nihon Univ., Setagaya, Tokyo 154, Japan.

83:3992 Uhlinger, D.J. and D.C. White, 1983. Relationship

between physiological status and formation of extracellular polysaccharide glycocalyx in Pseudomonas atlantica. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1):64-70. White: Dept. of Biol. Sci., Florida State Univ., Tallahassee, Fla. 32306, USA.

83:3993 Ward, B.B., 1982. Oceanic distribution of ammo-

nium-oxidizing bacteria determined by immuno- fluorescent assay. J. mar. Res., 40(4):1155-1172.

Total abundances of ammonium oxidizers ranged from 107 cells/L in Chesapeake Bay and 105 cells/L in inshore ocean waters to 103-104 cells/L in the open ocean. Microbial nitrification rates can be substantial and may be sufficient to balance the annual nitrate production demand. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, Calif. 92093, USA.

83:3994 Winfrey, M.R. and D.M. Ward, 1983. Snbstrates for

sulfate reduction and methane production in intertidal sediments. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(I): 193-199.

Effects on methane production and sulfate reduction rates of adding substrates (methylamine, acetate, hydrogen, methionine) or inhibitors (molybdate, fluoracetate) were examined. Acetate appears to be an important substrate for sulfate reduction; meth- ylamine and methionine may serve as methane precursors when sulfate concentrations are high.

544 1-. Biological Oceanography OLR (1983) 30 (7)

Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Wisconsin, La Crosse, Wisc. 54601, USA. (mjj)

83:3995 Yamamoto, Hiroyuki, Yoshio Ezura and Takahisa

Kimura, 1982. Effects of the antibacterial action of seawater on the viability of some bacterial species. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10): 1427-1431.

When bacterial cells were inoculated into natural or 8-/zm filtered seawater, Escherichia coli and 5 species of halophilic or marine bacteria rapidly declined in number; however, bacteria inoculated into auto- claved or 0.22-/tm filtered seawater did not decrease. Lab. of Microbiol., Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.

83:3996 Yamamoto, Hiroyuki, Yoshio Ezura and Takahisa

Kimura, 1982. Evaluation of biological agents affecting the survival of Vibrio parahaemolyticus in seawater. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10): 1433-1439.

Both natural and autoclaved seawater and seawater containing sand were inoculated with Vibrio para- haemolyticus. Viable cells decreased in all natural samples. Flagellates and ciliates were observed, and amoebae, bdellovibrio and myxo-bacteria increased following a decline of V. parahaemolyticus (attrib- uted to indigenous predators and parasites). Lab. of Microbiol., Hokkaido Univ., Hakodate, Hokkaido, Japan.

El80. Biochemistry 83:3997

May, A.S., 1982. Toxic constituents of fish and shellfish. Chem. Ind., 24:982-984.

Scombrotoxin, tetrodotoxin, saxitoxin and cigua- toxin are discussed emphasizing the identity and distribution of organisms producing the toxins, toxin transmission and accumulation through food chains, empirical formulae, modes of action, biotoxicity symptoms in humans and lethal doses. Ciguatoxin presents the greatest problem for humans at present, largely because it is biologically and geographically diffuse and unpredictable. 15 Gravel Pit Lane, Spondon, Derby DE2 7DA, UK. (msg)

E 2 2 0 . I n v e r t e b r a t e s (except E230-Crusta- cea, E240-Pro tozoa)

83:3998 Arp, A.J., J.J. Childress, M.A. Powell and G.N.

Somero, 1983. [The hydrotbennal vent tube worm

Riftia pachyptila: hematological studies.] Science, 219(4582):295-299; 2 papers.

A sulfide-binding protein in R. pachyptila's blood apparently functions as a sulfide capture and transport mechanism which (1) probably provides sulfide to the worm's endosymbiotic trophosomal bacteria, and (2) prevents sulfide poisoning of respiration by preventing the accumulation of free sulfide in the blood. (sir)

83:3999 Cairns, S.D., 1982. Antarctic and Subantarctic Scler-

actinia. Antarct. Res. Set., Am. geophys. Un., 34[Biology of the Antarctic Seas 11(1)]:1-74. Includes numerous micrographs. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

83:4000 de Ridder, M., 1981. Some considerations on the

geographical distribution of rotifers. Hydrobiol- ogia, 85(3):209-225.

Rotifers have been considered cosmopolitan, but 48% of the 278 taxa (mostly periphytic) treated by the author are of limited distribution. Discussion distinguishes marine and brackish palaearctic spe- cies, and holarctic and pantropical (warm-stenother- mic) groups. Lab. voor system, dierkunde, State Univ., B 9000 Ghent, Belgium. (ahm)

83:4001 d'Hondt, J.-L., 1982. Abyssal eurystomatous Bryozoa.

Systematic list, geographical distribution, ba- thymetry, morphology, and biology. C. r. Sdanc. Soc. Biogdogr., 58(1):30-48. (In French, English abstract.) Lab. de Biol. des Invert. Mar. et Malacol., Mus. nat. d'Hist, nat, 55 rue Buffon et 57 rue Cuvier, F 75005, Paris, France.

83:4002 Grimaldi de Zio, S., M. D'Addabbo Gallo and R.M.

Morone De Lucia, 1982. IA new marine tardi- grade from the Mediterranean: Neostygarctus acanthophorus, n.gen, n.sp.] Cah. Biol. mar., 23(3):319-323. (In Italian, English abstract.) Ist. di Zool. ed Anatomia Comparata dell'Univ, di Bari, Italy.

83:4003 Hartmann-Schr0der, Gesa and Gerd Hartmann,

1982. [Australia's eulittorai zone lmlyehaetes and ostraeods. 8. Subtropical and antiboreal poly- chaetes of Western Australia between Cervantes and Cape Naturaliste.] Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst., 79:51-118. (In German, English abstract.) Includes 97 drawings and 12 micrographs. Zool.

OLR (I 983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 545

Inst. und Zool. Mus. der Univ., Martin-Luther- King-Platz 3, 2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

83:4004 Lamy, M. et al., 1981/82. The invertebrate tegument

and skeleton. II. Meeting, 30 June-2 July 1981 at Dijon. Bull. Soc. zool. Ft., 107(4):515-569; 7 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

83:4005 Lin, Yarong, 1982. Distribution of the Chaetognatha

over the continental shelf of the East China Sea. Stud. mar. sin., 1~:51-63. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanol., Academia Sinica, People's Republic of China.

83:4006 Markus, J.A. and C.C. Lambert, 1983. Urea and

ammonia excretion by solitary ascidians. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 66(1):1-10. Lambert: Dept. of Biol. Sci., California State Univ., Fullerton, Calif. 92634, USA.

83:4007 Rowe, F.W.E. (ed.), 1978/82. Papers from the

Echinoderm Conference. The Australian Mu- seum, Sydney, 1978. Mem. Aust. Mus., 16:216pp; 12 papers.

Of the conference's 41 papers, only 12 (2 in French) are presented herein. Topics ranged widely from paleontology and taxonomy to ecology. Specifically considered were 'recent stalked non-isocrinoid Crinoidea' interrelationships, coastal pollution re changes in Brazilian echinoderms, and Indo-Pacific shrimp associates of echinoderms. The Tongue of the Ocean (Bahamas) was surveyed by Alvin for its deep-sea echinoderms. (ihz)

83:4008 Wilkinson, C.R., 1983. Net primary productivity in

coral reef sponges. Science, 219(4583):410-412. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., P.M.B. No. 3, Townsville M.S.O., Queensland 4810, Australia.

E230. Crustacea

83:4009 Andres, H.G., 1982. [Gammaridea (Crnstacea: Am-

phipoda) from the German Antarctic Expeditions 1975/76 and 1977/78. II. Eusiridae.] Mitt. Hamb. Zool. Mus. Inst., 79:159-185. (In German, Eng- lish abstract.) Zool. Inst. und Zool. Mus. der Univ. Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King Platz 3, D-2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

83:4010 Bhcescu, Mihai, 1981. [Deep NE Atlantic Apseu-

doidea Leach, 1914; Crustacea, Tanaidacea.] Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 23:33-71. (In French, English abstract.) Muzeul de istorie nat., Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1, 71243 Bucuresti, Romania.

83:4011 B/icescu, Mihai, 1981. Two new Apseudoidea Leach,

1914 (Crustacea, Tanaidacea) from the northern medio-littorai waters of Sri Lanka. Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 23:73-80. Museul de istorie nat., Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1, 71243, Bucuresti, Romania.

83:4012 Banner, D.M. and A.H. Banner, 1981. Annotated

checklist of the alpheid shrimp of the Red Sea and Gulf of Aden. Zoologische verb., 190:99pp.

Twenty species and subspecies of alpheid shrimp from the Indo-Pacific region are listed in combi- nation with the 72 Red Sea and Gulf of Aden taxa. Three new species are described as are some changes in records and nomenclature. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA. (ahm)

83:4013 Barnard, J.L. and C.M. Barnard, 1982. Revision of

FoxiphMus and Eobrolgus (Crnstacea: Amphi- poda: Phoxocephalidae) from American oceans. Smithson. Contr. Zoo/., 372:35pp. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Smith- sonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

83:4014 Barnard, J.L. and M.M. Drummond, 1982. Gam-

maridean Amphipoda of Australia. V. Superfamily Haustorioidea. Smithson. Contr. Zool., 360: 148pp. Dept. of Invert. Zool., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, D.C. 20560, USA.

83:4015 Camp, D.K. and R.B. Manning, 1982. Five new

species of Nannosquilla from the northwestern Atlantic (Crnstacea: Stomatopoda). Smithson. Contr. Zool., 368:15pp.

Two major groups are recognized, based on mor- phological differences of the uropod and telson. The first group contains 6 recognized species; 3 new species are described, 2 (N. baliops and N. whitingi) known only from off the coast of Florida, and another (N. taguensis) from St. Croix. The second group contains 2 species. Two additional species (N. adkisoni and N. heardi) are described, both from the eastern Gulf of Mexico. Florida Dept. of Nat. Res.,

546 I. BlOlOgacal ()cc:ulograph', ()I,R (1983) 30 {7)

Mar. Res. Lab., 100 Eighth Ave. SE, St. Petersburg, Fla. 33701, USA.

83:4016 Clark, S.T. and P.B. Robertson, 1982. Shallow water

marine isopods of Texas. Contr. mar. Sci. Unit,. Texas, 25:45-59. 1012 Sunset Circle West, Yale, Okla. 74085, USA.

83:4017 Cottarelli, V. and G. Mura, 1981. Remarks on the

genus Afrolaophonte (Crustacea, Copepoda, Har- pacticoida). Description of three new species [2 from the Maldive Islands, 1 from Sierra Leone]. l'ie Milieu, 31(2):153-161. Inst. of Zool., Univ. Roma. Italy.

83:4018 Crivelli, A.J., 1982. Biology of three Malacostraca

(Decapoda) in a Mediterranean lagoon with particular emphasis on the effect of rapid envi- ronmental changes on the activity (catchability) of the species. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 15(6):591- 604.

The activity of Crangon crangon was affected mainly by temperature while that of Palaemon squilla was controlled by water depth. P. squilla at depths <~20 cm was influenced by phase of the moon and salinity; deeper than 20 cm activity was inhibited. Carcinus aestuarii showed a weak relationship be- tween 'catchability' and salinity. Also discussed are life cycles, monthly sampling limitations and future research needs. Biol. Sta. of la Tour du Valat, Le Sambuc, 13200 Arles, France. (ahm)

83:4019 Dauvin, J.C. and D. Bellan-Santini, 1982. Descrip-

tion of two new species of Ampelisca from the French Atlantic coasts (Crustacea, Amphipoda): Ampelisca tonlemonti n.sp. and A. spooneri n.sp. Cah. Biol. mar., 23(3):253-268. (ln French, English abstract.) Sta. Biol. de Roscoff, 29211 Roscoff, France.

83:4020 Frey, D.G., 1982. G.O. Sars and the Norwegian

Cladocera: a continuing frustration. Hydrobio/- ogia, 96(3):267-293.

Although G.O. Sars intended to produce a mono- graph of the Cladocera of Norway, only the first part was published in 1865 with Latin diagnoses of 52 species, unaccompanied by any published illustra- tions except for one species. The Sars archive (Univ. Library in Oslo) has a large unpublished manuscript of 1861 containing amplified descriptions and detailed illustrations of the first 36 species, and there

is a wealth of unpublished colored drawings of these and the other species. Moreover, 8 unpublished lists of the Cladocera provide insight into his uncer- tainties regarding the definition and limits of the species. Daphnia and Bosmina were the most prob- lematic. Dept. of Biol.. Indiana Univ., Bloomington, Intl. 47405, USA.

83:4021 Fulton, R.S. II1, 1982. Predatory feeding of two

marine mysids [Mysidopsis bigelowi and Neo- mysis americanal. Mar. Biol., 72(2):183-191. Zool. Dept., Victoria Univ. of Wellington, Private Bag, Wellington, N.Z.

83:4022 Gutu, Modest, 1981. A new contribution to the

systematics and phylogeny of the suborder Mono- konophora (Crnstacea, Tanaidacea). Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 23:81-108.

A reorganized classification of the Monokonophora is proposed which includes division of the genus Apseudes into several genera, and the designation of new genera, subfamilies, families, and superfamilies. The taxonomic position of several species and genera cannot be determined yet. Muzeul de istorie nat. Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1. 71243 Bucuresti, Romania. (mij)

83:4023 Hartmann. Gerd, 1982. INew Zealand Ostracoda

with an appendix on species from Western Australia.] Mitt. Hamb. ZooL Mus. Inst., 79:119- 150. (In German, English abstract.) Includes 67 micrographs and 49 drawings. Zool. Inst. und Zool. Mus. der Univ.. Martin-Luther-King-Platz 3, 2000 Hamburg 13, FRG.

83:4024 Hockin. I).C., 1982. The spatial population structure

of an harpacticoid copepod community in spring. Hvdrobiologia, 96(3):201-209.

An estuarinc, sand,, beach fauna was characterized by mesopsammic species the 6 most abundant of which showed 'a great degree of interassociation. Spatial segregation of closely related species was indicated during late spring. It is proposed that ill the early spring, during periods of extreme distur- bance, the species populations do not interact, but that during periods of less extreme perturbation an interactive community evolves. Dept. of Bot., Univ. of Liverpool, P.O. Box 147, Liverpool L69 3BX, Merseyside, tJK.

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 547

83:4025 Holmquist, Charlotte, 1982. Mysidacea (Crustacea)

secured during investigations along the west coast of North America by the National Museums of Canada, 1955-1966, and some inferences drawn from the results. Zoologische Jb., (Syst.)109(4): 469-510. Sekt. fur evertebratzool., Naturhist. riksmuseet, Box 50007, S-104 05 Stockholm, Sweden.

83:4026 Home, D.J., 1982. The ostracod fauna of an intertidal

Sabellm'ia reef at Blue Anchor, Somerset, Eng- land. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 15(6):671-678. Geol. Dept., City of London Polytech., London El 2NG, UK.

83:4027 Howard, Randall, 1982. A marine midge from the

Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Res. Repts, 7(2):167-168.

Distribution of Telmatogeton japonicus (Chirono- midae) is extended into the northwestern gulf with the first reported use of offshore platforms by midges and the first occurrence of this typically rocky shore organism in an offshore environment. LGL Ecol. Res. Assoc., Inc., 1410 Cavitt St., Bryan, Tex. 77801, USA.

83:4028 Joll, L.M. and C.J. Crossland, 1983. Calcium uptake

by juvenile western rock lobster, Panulirus cygnus George, from dietary coralline algae. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 66(!):69-80.

In the laboratory, early post-moult rock lobsters fed 45Ca-labelled Corallina cuvieri showed significant Ca uptake compared with lobsters maintained in sea- water containing dissolved 45Ca; shortly after inges- tion the isotopic Ca was distributed through all examined soft tissues and the exoskeleton. After 5 days isotopic Ca levels had fallen in most soft tissues but were not significantly lower in the digestive gland, the mid-gut or the exoskeleton. Results suggest that algal skeleton Ca may be important in the post-moult remineralization of the lobster exo- skeleton. CSIRO, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia.

83:4029 Lin, Minyu, 1982. A preliminary report on the

Hyperiidea amphipods from the continental shelf of the East China Sea. Stud. mar. sin., 19:43-50. (In Chinese, English abstract.) Inst. of Oceanol., Academia Sinica, People's Republic of China.

83:4030 Maurer, Don and R.L. Wigley, 1982. Distribution

and ecology of mysids in Cape Cod Bay, Mas- sachusetts. Biol. Bull. mar. biol. Lab., Woods Hole, 163(3):477-491.

Four of the 7 species collected are described in terms of their general ecology; seasonal peaks are docu- mented; and evidence suggesting the strong influ- ence of depth, bottom temperature and sediment type on species distribution is discussed. So. Cali- fornia Ocean Studies Consort., Calif. State Univ., Long Beach, Calif. 90840, USA. (ahm)

83:4031 Moncharmont, Ugo, 1979/80. [Biological and fan-

nistic information about decapod crustaceans in the Bay of Naples, Italy.] Annuar. Ist. Mus. Zool. Univ. Napoli, 23:33-132, I-XI. (In Italian, English abstract.) Includes a 13 page bibliography and a taxonomic index. Ist. di Zool., Univ. di Napoli, Italy.

83:4032 Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M., 1981. Planktonic

ostracods collected between 1964 and 1973 from different Greek sea areas. Vie Milieu, 31(2):171- 176. Zool. Lab., Univ. of Athens, Greece.

83:4033 Negoescu, Ileana, 1981. New data about the fauna of

anthuridcan isopods (lsopoda, Anthuridea) from the Libyan coast and the Suez Canal. Tray. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 23:109-122. Muzeul de istorie nat., Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1 71243 Bucuresti, Romania.

83:4034 Ogle, J.T., R.W. Heard and Jllrgen Sieg, 1982.

Tanaldacea (Crustacea: Peracarida) of the Gulf of Mexico. I. Introduction and an annotated bibliography of Tanaidacea previously reported from the Gulf of Mexico. Gulf Res. Repts, 7(2):101-104. Gulf Coast Res. Lab., Ocean Springs, Miss. 39564, USA.

83:4035 Schembri, P.J., 1982. I_z~motion, feeding, grooming

and the behaviourai responses to gravity, light and hydrostatic pressure in the stage I zoea larvae of EbMia tuberosa (Crustacoa: Decapoda: Leucosi- idae). Mar. Biol., 72(2):125-134. 72 Brared St., B'Kara, Malta.

83:4036 Serene, R. and M.K. Moosa, 1981. [Stop/mere

gordonae sp.nov. (Crostacea, Deeapoda, Brochy-

548 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1983) 3017)

ura) from eastern Indonesian waters.] Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg., (Biol.)53(1):9pp. (In French.)

83:4037 Shiomi, Kazuo, Hakaru Inaoka, Hideaki Yamanaka

and Takeaki Kikuchi, 1982. Occurrence of a large mount of gonyautoxins in a xanthid crab Atergatis f/midas from Chiha [Japan]. Bull.japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10): 1407-1410. (In Japanese, English abstract.) Dept. of Food Sci. and Tech., Tokyo Univ. of Fish., Konan, Minato, Tokyo 108, Japan.

83:4038 Stevens, B.G., D.A. Armstrong and R. Cusimano,

1982. Feeding habits of the Dungeness crab Cancer magister as determined by the index of relative importance. Mar. Biol., 72(2):135-145.

An index that combines frequency of occurrence, % total biomass, and % total number consumed for each prey taxon was applied to gut content analyses of estuarine Dungeness crabs. The most important prey genus was Crangon spp.; first-, second-, and third-year crabs had different feeding patterns; and diel differences in predation on shrimp, but not overall feeding activity, were seen. Food handling mechanics, resource partitioning, and optimal for- aging concepts are discussed. Sch. of Fish., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, Wash. 98195, USA. (mwf)

83:4039 Udrescu, Aurel, 1981. Sirieila bacescui sp.n. (Crns-

tacea, Mysidacea) from northeastern Australian waters. Trav. Mus. Hist. nat. Gr. Antipa, 23:29- 32. Muzeul de istorie nat., Grigore Antipa, Sos. Kiseleff 1, 71243 Bucuresti, Romania.

83:4040 Wouters, K,, 1981. Two new marine Imdocopid

species from Hansa Bay, Papua New Guinea (Crustacea: Ostracoda). Bull. Inst. r. Sci. nat. Belg., (Biol.)53(16): 12pp.

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, e t c . (see also D-SUBMARINE GEOL- OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)

83:4041 Murray, J.W., 1983. Population dynamics of benthic

Foraminifera: results from the Exe Estuary, England. J. foram. Res., 13(1):1-12.

Samples collected monthly for 19 months showed 8-9 reproduction phases/year and a life span of ~ 4 months for an intertidal pool's dominant forami-

niferal species, Nonion depressulus. Annual produc- tion was low. An understanding of the production of tests is particularly important when interpreting the relationships between living and dead assemblages. Dept. of Geol., Univ. of Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK. (mwf)

83:4042 SAnchez Ariza, M. del C., 1983. Specific associations

of Recent benthic Foraminifera of the neritic zone in the MotriI-Nerja area, Spain, as a function of depth: diversity and constancy. J. foram. Res., 13(1):13-20.

For the 81 species and 4 varieties of forams found to 200 m depth in this 'typical Mediterranean area,' an index of distance was found between pairs of species; a dendrogram was drawn establishing 3 depth associations. Based on species number, a measure of equitability and the Shannon-Weaver function, diversity was high and increased with depth. Dept. de Zool., Univ. de Granada, Jaen, Spain. (ihz)

E260. Macrophytes (algae, grasses, etc.)

83:4043 Adey, W.H., R.A. Townsend and W.T. Boykins,

1982. The ernstose coralline algae (Rhodophyta: Corallinaeeae) of the Hawaiian Islands. Smithson. Contr. mar. Sci., 15:74pp. Includes numerous micrographs. Dept. of Paleobiol., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

83:4044 Bird, C.J. et al., 1982. Contributions to the symposium

'Life histories and taxonomy of Rhodophyta,' Newfoundland, 1982. Botanica mar., 25(12):555- 621; 7 papers.

83:4045 Capone, D.G. and J.M. Budin, 1982. Nitrogen

fixation associated with rinsed roots and rhizomes of the eelgrass Zostera marina. PI. Physiol., Lancaster, 70(6)'1601-1604. Mar. Sci. Res. Cen- ter. SUNY, Stony Brook, N.Y. 11794, USA.

83:4046 Cousens, Roger and M.J. Hutchings, 1983. The

relationship between density and mean frond weight in monospecific seaweed stands. Nature, Lond., 301(5897):240-241. MAFF Fish. Lab., Lowestoft, Suffolk NR33 OHT, UK.

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 549

83:4047 Cox, P.A., 1983. Search theory, random motion, and

the convergent evolution of pollen and spore morphology in aquatic plants. Am. Naturalist, 121(1):9-31.

Compared to terrestrial plant spores, most aquatic species' spores have long axes; many have flotation devices, and many taxa are dioecious. These trends appear to be 'convergent evolution toward an efficient search vehicle' based on a consideration of random (Brownian) motion and the 'theory of random search.' Alternative hypotheses for the apparent convergence are considered. Dept. of Bot., Univ. of California, Berkeley, Calif. 94720, USA. (mjj)

83:4048 Norton, T.A., A.C. Mathieson and M. Neushul,

1982. A review of some aspects of form and function in seaweeds. Botanica mar., 25(11):501- 510. Dept. of Botany, Univ. of Glasgow, Scot- land, UK.

83:4049 Shellem, B.H. and M.N. Josselyn, 1982. Physio-

logical ecology of Enteromorpha clathrata (Roth) Grey. on a salt marsh mndflat [north San Francisco Bay]. Botanica mar., 25(11):541-549. Josselyn: Dept. of Biol. Sci., San Francisco State Univ., 1600 Holloway Ave., San Francisco, Calif. 94132, USA.

83:4050 Thursby, G.B. and M.M. Harlin, 1982. Le.af-root

interaction in the uptake of ammonia by Zostera marina. Mar. Biol., 72(2):109-112. Dept. of Bot., Univ. of Rhode Island, Kingston, R.I. 02882, USA.

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, dia- toms, flagellates, etc.)

83:4051 Fryxell, G.A., 1983. New evolutionary patterns [of

valves and band structuresl in diatoms. (Over- view.) Bioscience, 33(2):92-98. Dept. of Oceanogr., Texas A&M Univ., College Sta., Tex. 77843, USA.

83:4052 Humphrey, G.F., 1983. The effect of the spectral

composition of light on the growth, pigments, and photosynthetic rate of unicellular marine algae. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol., 66(1):49-67.

Amphidinium and Biddulphia were grown under five spectral regimes (red, green, violet, underwater, and white); photosynthetic and growth rates, cytoplasmic structure, number of thylakoid bands, assimilation number, and pigment content were measured. Results are related to absorption regions of intact cells, to spectral regimes used in laboratory studies, and to regimes found underwater in coastal areas. CSIRO, Sch. of Biol. Sci., Sydney Univ., Australia. (mjj)

83:4053 Trick, C.G., R.J. Andersen, Andrew Gillam and P.J.

Harrison, 1983. Prorocentrin: an extracellular siderophore produced by the marine dinoflagellate Prorocentrum minimum. Science, 219(4582):306- 308. Andersen: Dept. of Chem., Univ. of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada.

83:4054 Yoshida, Yoichi and Katsumi Numata, 1982. Ac-

cumulation and movement of Chattonella sp. in Kagoshima Bay and Suho Nada [Japan]. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10):1401-1405. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

Accumulation of Chattonella sp. in Kagoshima Bay in 1977 appeared to result from the interaction of the tidal current and wind; high numbers (138,000 celis/mL) of plankton were seen in the innermost part of the bay. In the Suho Nada in 1979, however, the tidal current alone was responsible for the accumulation. Div. of Tropical Agric., Kyoto Univ., Kyoto 606, Japan. (ahm)

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350- Atmospheric pollution, C210-Chemical pol- lution, F250-Waste disposal)

83:4055 Bartholomew, G.W. and F.K. Pfaender, 1983.

Influence of spatial and temporal variations on organic pollutant biodegradation rates in an estuarine environment. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1): 103-109.

Spatial and temporal variations of estuarine eco- systems such as discontinuous impacts of contam- inants, variable sedimentation rates and salinity gradients preclude easy extrapolation from labo- ratory results; using the heterotrophic uptake meth- od of biodegradation assessment, the influence of such variations on pollutant metabolism by natural microbial communities was studied. Observed rates did not correlate with any of the microbial com-

550 E. Biological Oceanograph~ OLR 11983) 30 17)

munity characteristics measured. Pfaender: Sch. of Public Health, Univ. of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27514, USA. (bwt)

83:4056 Berkes, Fikret, 1982. Preliminary impacts of the

James Bay Hydroelectric project, Quebec, on estuarine fish and fisheries. Arctic, 35(4):524-530. Inst. of Urban and Environl. Studies, Brock Univ.. St. Catharines, Ontario L2S 3At, Canada.

83:4057 Blair, W.R., G.J, Olson, F.E. Brinckman and W.P.

Iverson, 1982. Accumulation and fate of tri- n-butyltin cation in estuarine bacteria. Microb. Ecol., 8(3):241-251.

Tin-resistant isolates accumulated tributyltin by a non-energy requiring process (probably adsorption) but did not significantly transform (metabolize) the tributyltin cation. Natl. Bur. of Standards, A-329 Materials Bldg., Washington, DC 20234, USA. (mjj)

83:4058 Botta, J.R., E. Arsenault and H.A. Ryan, 1983. Total

mercury content of meat and liver from inshore Newfoundland-caught harp seals (Phoca groen- iandica). Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 30(1): 28-32. Inspection Div., Canada Dept. of Fish. & Oceans, P.O, Box 5030, Moncton, NB E1C 9E6, Canada.

83:4059 Bourne, W.R.P., 1983. Reappraisal of threats to

seabirds. Editorial. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(1):1-2.

Pollution is seen as a threat to seabirds only on a temporary and local scale. Population declines caused by climatic fluctuations may be mistakenly attributed to oil pollution. The worst threats to seabirds are human exploitation, introduction of herbivores and predators (e.g., mice and rats) at isolated island breeding stations, and possibly anthropogenic fishing activities (accidental netting, reduction of food supply). Ill-informed speculation and pressure for unrealistic large-scale action are unfortunate as local action should suffice. (mjj)

83:4060 Chan, Kwong-yu, P.K. Wong and S.L. Ng, 1982.

Growth of Enteromorplm linza in sewage effluent and sewage effluent-seawater mixtures, Hydro- biologia, 97(1):9-13. Physical Chem. Lab., Ox- ford Univ., Oxford OX1 3QZ, UK.

83:4061 Demayo, Adrian, M.C. Taylor, K.W. Taylor and

P.V. Hodson, 1982. Toxic effects of lead and lead

compounds on human health, aquatic life, wildlife plants, and livestock. CRC critical Rev. environ. Control, 12(4):257-305. Includes 318 references. Inland Waters Direct., Dept. of the Environ., Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.

83:4062 Falconer, C.R., I.M. Davies and G. Topping, 1983.

Trace metals in the common porpoise, Phocoena phocoena. Mar. environ. Res., 8(2):I19-127. DAFS, Mar. Lab., PO Box 101, Victoria Rd., Aberdeen AB9 8DB, Scotland, UK.

83:4063 Fowler, S.W., S.R. Aston, G. Benayoun and P. Parsi,

1983. Bioavailability of technetium from artifi- cially labelled northe&st Atlantic deep-sea sedi- ments. Mar. environ. Res,, 8(2):87-100.

Tc uptake by clams from sediments contaminated with different oxidation states of 95mTc was meas- ured. Distribution coefficients between sediments and pore water were similar for Tc IV and VII and never exceeded 3.5. ~SmTc was leached rapidly from the sediments with a half-time of about 4.5 days. Biological uptake was low; transfer factors between clam tissues and sediment ranged 0.04-0.6. Greater relative uptake was noted in soft tissues than in the shell, although the latter contained the largest fraction (70%) of whole body 9~mTc content. Con- taminated clams displayed a very long biological half-life (~120 days) for 95mTc suggesting that folk)wing acute contamination, clams would retain Tc in their tissues long after the radionuclide had been leached from the sediments. International Lab. of Mar. Radioactivity, Musee Oceanogr., Monaco MC 98000.

83:4064 Harvey, R.W., L.W. Lion, L.Y. Young and J.O.

Leckie, 1982. Enrichment and association of lead and bacteria at particulate surfaces in a salt-marsh surface layer [San Francisco Bay]. J. mar. Res., 40(4): 1201-1211.

Significant fractions of the bacterioneuston and surface layer Pb were associated with particles. Data suggest that particle-bound bacterioneuston may interact with Pb at particulate surfaces in this microenvironment. Water Res. Div., USGS, Menlo Park, Calif. 94025, USA.

83:4065 Hawkins, P.R. and D.J. Griffiths, 1982. Uptake and

retention of copper by four species of marine phytoplankton. Botanic a mar, 25(11):551-554. Bot. Dept., James Cook Univ. of N. Queensland, Post Office, Qld.. 4811, Australia.

OLR (1983) 30 (7) E. Biological Oceanography 551

83:4066 Haya, K., B.A. Waiwood and D.W. Johnston, 1983.

Adenylate energy charge and ATPase activity of lobster (Homarns umerieanns) during sublethal exposure to zinc. Aquat. Toxicol., 3(2):115-126. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Biol. Sta., St. Andrews, NB E0G 2X0, Canada.

83:4067 Hazen, T.C. and G.W. Esch, 1983. Effect of effluent

from a nitrogen fertilizer factory and a pulp mill on the distribution and abundance of Aeromonas hydrophila in AIhemarle Sound, North Carolina. Appl. environ. Microbiol., 45(1):31-42.

Survival of the bacterium, A. hydrophila, was in- creased by pulp mill effluent and decreased by nitrogen fertilizer factory effluent in diffusion chamber studies. Field studies showed that the impact of the mill on water quality was acute and that of the factory, chronic and more subtle. Both sources were suspect as indirect causes of fish disease (red-sore) epizootics. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Puerto Rico, Rio Piedras, Puerto Rico 00931, USA. (mwf)

83:4068 Karydis, Michael, 1981. The toxicity of crude oil for

the marine alga Skeletonema costatum (Grevlile) Cleve in relation to nutrient limitation. Hydro- biologia, 85(2):137-143. Dept. of Biol., Nuclear Res. Center 'Democritos', Aghia Paraskevi Attikis, Athens, Greece.

83:4069 Kiorboe, Thomas, Flemming Mohlenberg and H.U.

Riisg~trd, 1983. Mercury levels in fish, inver- tebrates and sediment in a recently recorded polluted area (Nissum Broad, western Limfjord, Denmark). Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(1):21-24.

High Hg concentrations were measured in sediment and animals collected in the immediate vicinity of a closed-down chemical factory. Hg concentration in sediment and mussels rapidly decreased with in- creasing distance from the former factory. Hg concentration in flounders also decreased with distance; the decline was, however, much less marked. Roskilde Univ. Center, Inst. of Biol., P.O. Box 260, DK-4000 Roskilde, Denmark.

83:4070 Kremer, B.P. and J.W. Markham, 1982. Primary

metabolic effects of cadmium in the brown alga, Laminaria saccharina. Z. Pflanzenphysiol., 108(2):125-130. Seminar fur Biol. und ihre

Didaktik, Univ. zu Koln, Gronewaidstrasse 2, D-5000 Koln 41, FRG.

83:4071 Laws, E.A. and K.L. Terry, 1983. The impact of

sewage discharges at ocean ouffalls on phyto- plankton populations in waters surrounding the Hawaiian Islands. Mar. environ. Res., 8(2):101- i17.

Primary production rates; chlorophyll a, nutrient, and particulate C, N and P concentrations; Secchi depths; and submarine light levels were measured within, and near, the mixing zone of the Sand Island and Mokapu Point ocean sewage outfalls. The former, with its lower inorganic nutrient concen- trations, had no adverse impact on phytoplankton communities or water quality; major effect of the latter outfall was a reduction in photosynthetic rates. Under appropriate conditions, ocean outfalls may be preferable to estuarine or freshwater outfalls; sec- ondary treatment is not always necessary to attain an acceptable impact level. Oceanogr. Dept., Univ. of Hawaii, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822, USA.

83:4072 Maher, W.A., 1983. Baseline. Selenium in marine

organisms from St. Vincent's Gulf, South Aus- tralia. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(1):35-36. Dept. of Phys. and Inorganic Chem., Univ. of Adelaide, GPO Box 498, Adelaide, South Australia 5001.

83:4073 Moraitou-Apostolopoulou, M. and G. Verriopoulos,

1982. Toxicity of chromium to the marine plank- tonic copepod Acarffa clansi, Giesbrecht. Hydro- biologia, 96(2):121-127. Zool. Lab., Univ. of Athens, Athens 621, Greece.

83:4074 Peakall, D.B., D.S. Miller and W.B. Kinter, 1983.

Toxicity of crude oils and their fractions to nestling herring gulls. 1. Physiological and bio- chemical effects. Mar. environ. Res., 8(2):63-71. Natl. Wildlife Res. Centre, Canadian Wildlife Serv., Ottawa, Ontario KIA 0E7, Canada.

83:4075 Read, P.A., K.J. Anderson, J.E. Matthews, P.G.

Watson, M.C. Halliday and G.M. Shiells, 1983. Effects of pollution on the benthos of the Firth of Forth. Mar. Pollut. Bull., 14(1):12-16.

A long-term benthic study of the environmental impact of a new sewage treatment scheme for the city of Edinburgh recorded the decline and dis- appearance of certain indicator species and the

552 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1983) 30 (7)

appearance and establishment of several previously unrecorded species along the more polluted parts of the shoreline. The sublittoral benthos showed no deleterious effect arising from the new effluent outfall, although some enhancement of the fauna was apparent. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Napier College, Colinton Rd., Edinburgh, UK.

83:4076 Roberts, M.H. Jr., J.E. Warinner, Chu-Fa Tsai,

David Wright and L.E. Cronin, 1982. Compar- ison of estuarine species sensitivities to three toxicants. Archs environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 11(6):681-692.

Pairs consisting of one EPA standard species and one related Chesapeake Bay species (phytoplankters, mysid shrimp, copepods, fish) were exposed to three toxicants: sodium lauryl sulfate, cadmium and Lannate ~ (methomyl). Similar LC (EC) 50's were obtained for each pair, except for phytoplankton response to cadmium. Virginia Inst. of Mar. Sci., College of William and Mary, Gloucester Point, Va. 23062, USA. (mjj)

83:4077 Schoor, W.P. and C.L. McKenney Jr., 1983. Deter-

ruination of fenvalerate in flowing-seawater ex- posure studies. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol., 30(1):84-92. U.S. EPA, Environ. Res. Lab., Gulf Breeze, Fla. 32561, USA.

83:4078 Venkataramiah, A., G.J. Lakshmi, Christine Best,

Gordon Gunter, Eric Hartwig and Patrick Wilde, 1982. Studies on toxicity of OTEC plant components on Eucalanns sp. from the Gulf of Mexico. Ocean Sci. Engng, 7(3):353-401.

As part of a larger investigation into the environ- mental impact of chemical (ammonia and chlorine) pollutants from OTEC plants, Eucalanus bioassays were performed. Previous work with other species (striped mullet, sargassum shrimp and file fish) and the chemistry of ammonia and chlorine in seawater are reviewed briefly; toxicity results are discussed. Gulf Coast Res. Lab., Ocean Springs, Miss. 39564, USA. (bwt)

83:4079 Wong, S.L. and J.L. Beaver, 1981. Metal interactions

in algal toxicology: conventional versus in-vivo tests. Hydrobiologia, 85(1):67-71.

Inconsistent findings on the toxicity of the same metals to algae often are attributed to degree of chelation, complexation and precipitation of metals. Conventional toxicity tests involve adding metals to

algae growing in synthetic media. Here, toxic effects of metals were examined by pretreating algal cells with one metal, resuspending them in fresh medium, then exposing them to a second metal. Marked differences in algal response were obtained. The conventional approach implies that toxicity depends upon the complexes formed externally; the in-vivo approach shows that toxicity probably depends upon internal molecular transformation. Ontario Min. of the Environ., Water Res. Br., P.O. Box 213, Rexdale, Ontario, M9W 5LI, Canada.

83:4080 Yamada, Machiko, Kaoru Takesue and Arao

Tsuruta, 1982. Effects of industrial effluents containing organic materials such as dyestuff on the growth of several species of marine phyto- plankton. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10): 1453-1456. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

The early logarithmic growth phase of Skeletonema costatum and Olisthodiscus sp., cultured in medium containing effluents from production of dyestuff, coke and vegetable oil and fat, was stimulated. Effluent of secondary treated sewage increased cell numbers of most phytoplankters in the early loga- rithmic and stationary phases. Municipal Inst. of Environ. Health Sci., Kitakyushu 804, Japan. (ahm)

83:4081 Yamada, Machiko, Kaoru Takesue and Arao

Tsuruta, 1982. Effects of industrial effluents containing inorganic materials such as chromate treatment water on the growth of several species of marine phytoplankton. Bull. japan. Soc. scient. Fish., 48(10):1457-1461. (In Japanese, English abstract.)

The growth of Skelelonema costatum and Olistho- discus sp., isolated from Dokai Bay, was stimulated in both early logarithmic and stationary phases by the addition of 4 effluents containing inorganic pollutants; these 2 species showed more tolerance to the effluents than did the other 3 species tested. As the growth patterns in response to the inorganic effluents were similar to those in response to organic effluents (reported elsewhere), it appears that dis- charge of industrial effluents could be related to red tide outbreaks in the bay. Kitakyushu Municipal Inst. of Environ. Health Sci., Kitakyushu 804, Japan. (ahm)

E340. Aquaculture (commercial)

83:4082 Romero, P., E. Gonz~lez-Gurriaffm and E. Penas,

1982. Influence of mussel rafts on spatial and

OLR (1983) 30 (7) 553

seasonal abundance of crabs in the Ilia de Arosa, northwest Spain. Mar. Biol., 72(2):201-210.

While no major seasonal changes were seen in species composition throughout the estuary, crab densities were highest in fall and winter; portunid crabs (Macropipus slap.) dominated. Crab population increases, greatest at raft stations, may be due to both the rich epifauna associated with the mussels and sediment changes from shell deposits. Inst. Espanol de Oceanografia, Centro Costero de Co- runa, Apartado de Correos 130, Coruna, Spain. (ahm)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology

83:4083 Hastings, Alan, 1982. Dynamics of a single species in

a spatially varying environment: the stabilizing role of high dispersal rates. J. mathl Biol., 16(1):49-55. Dept. of Math., Univ. of California, Davis, Calif. 95616, USA.

E400. Books, collections (general)

83:4084 Mevel, G., D. Prieur and D.-J. Bonin, 1982. Some

aspects of growth in sea organisms. [Nutritional dynamics of phytoplankton, bacterial considera-

tions in mariculture.I I. Seminar, 17 November 1982. Oceanis, 8(6):417-492; 3 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

83:4085 Pierau, Fr.-K., E. Simon and D.C.M. Taylor (eds.),

1981/83. Temperature regulation and adaptation. Proceedings of an International Symposium, 9-10 October 1981, Bad Nauheim, FRG. J. therm. Biol., 8(1/2):1-235; 49 papers.

This volume is subdivided into nine sections, each of which contains at least one review article. Topics covered include thermoreceptor physiology, the role of putative central thermistors, integration of pe- ripheral and central signals, effector responses to thermal stimuli, biophysical and biochemical mech- anisms, evolution of thermoregulation, temperature regulation during exercise, and circadian rhythms of body temperature. Organisms studied range from fish to humans. (mjj)

E410. Miscellaneous

83:4086 Signoret, J.P. et al., 1982. [Chemical communication

in animals: invertebrates and mammals.I Bull. Soc. zool. Fr., 107(4):571-650; 9 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

F. GENERAL

F10. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary)

83:4087 Allen, R.D. et al., 1983. Light microscopy 1981: the

state of the art. Special issue. J. Microsc., 129(1):1-73; 5 papers.

Recent instrumentation advances and optical re- search 'make it clear that we have by no means reached the final phase of light microscopy devel- opment....The preconditions exist for making micro- scope optical elements of ever higher quality.' Classical light microscopy has had its boundaries

extended and has been linked with other techniques (immune fluorescence technology, acoustics, lasers). Contributions in this special issue review the current status of light microscopy and describe some methods and devices still under development. (sir)

83:4088 Cuong, H.T., A.W. Troesch and T.G. Birdsall, 1982.

The generation of digital random time histories. Ocean Engng, 9(6):581-588.

A random number sequence is shaped to give the desired spectral density curve; this finite set of numbers is then Inverse Fast Fourier Transformed.