Biological oceanography

OLR (1990) 37 (4) 351

E. BIOLOGICAL OCEANOGRAPHY

El0. Apparatus and methods

90:2259 Alexander, Vera, 1989. Biological instrumentation

and measurements. Mar. Technol. Soe. Jr 23(3): 10-15.

Our biological knowledge of the arctic seas is still rather primitive, but emerging techniques can provide more rapid synoptic and experimental assessment. An obvious example is satellite and aircraft remote sensing, which can provide a synoptic view of surface plant pigments in space and time and determine marine mammal movements. Another example is the use of fluorometry on seawater samples for quantitative assessment of plant pigment concentration. Acoustic techniques can detect the distribution of particles ranging in size from zooplankton to fish. Other tools range from sophisti- cated isotopic techniques to measure trophic relationships to measuring light penetration and spectral composition in ice-covered waters. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK, USA.

90:226O Britton, L.J. and P.E. Greeson (eds.), 1987. Methods

for collection and analysis of aquatic biological and microbiological samples. Techniques Wat- Resour. Invest, U.S. geol. surv, (Book 5, Labo- ratory Analysis) Chapter A4:363pp.

Almost fifty methods for the collection, preservation, and analysis of water with respect to its biological components are described. Methods for bacteria, phyto- and zooplankton, seston, periphyton, macrophytes, benthic and aquatic invertebrates, cellular contents (chlorophyll, ATP), primary productivity, and bioassay are included along with a glossary and taxonomic references. (gsb)

90:2261 Ewel, K.C., 1989. Learning to simulate ecological

models on a microcomputer. Ecol. Model., 47(1-" 2):7-17.

A software package is described that teaches basic concepts of ecological modelling by allowing a student to vary several parameters in models that increase in complexity from one state variable with one inflow (or outflow) to three state variables with seven rate coefficients. Insight into important differences between linear and nonlinear systems, an understanding of turnover times, simple population processes, and parallel carbon and nutrient flows

also emerge. The software is intended to be used at the beginning of a modelling course in order to familiarize students with fundamental operations and principles necessary for constructing and im- plementing more complex models. Dept. of Forestry, Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.

90:2262 Halfon, Efraim (ed.), 1989. Microcomputers in

ecological modelling. A special issue dedicated to research, education and computer graphics. Ecol. Model., 47(1-2):197pp; 12 papers.

This special issue represents a smorgasbord of IBM-compatible ecological software applications. The papers emphasize the practical over the theoretical, and present user-friendly, self-contained software that is presently available (although not necessarily commercially available). Topics include a general overview of ecological modelling with microcomputers, environmental software development, exposure and ecotoxicity estimation, and spill/plume simulation. (gsb)

90:2263 Harwood, J. et al., 1989. New approaches for field

studies of mammals: experiences with marine mammals. Biol. J. Linn. Soc. Lond, 38(1):103- 111.

We review new techniques which have been developed for estimating the population size of marine mammals, for investigating the relationship between individuals and populations, for studying the behav- iour and energetics of animals in the open sea, and for the management of small and endangered populations. We also indicate how these techniques may be applied to a variety of terrestrial mammals. Sea Mammal Res. Unit, High Cross, Madingley Rd., Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK.

90:2264 Lobel, P.B. et al., 1989. A universal method for

quantifying and comparing the residual variability of element concentrations in biological tissues using 25 elements in the mussel Mytilus edulis as a model. Mar. Biol, 102(4):513-518.

A simple statistical method is described which permits calculation of residual variabilities of element concentrations and statistical comparison between elements (either within a single tissue, between tissues, or between species). The case of 25 element concentrations in the whole soft tissue of 3,/.

352 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (4)

edulis from Bellevue, Newfoundland was used as a model. It was clearly shown that some elements (e.g., the alkali earths, B, Mg, Cu) had extremely low residual variability while other elements (Ce, Zn, Ba, La, U, Pb, Ag, Y, St, Ca) showed unusually high degrees of residual variability. Important sources of non-residual variability included sex, size and growth rate. Ocean Sci. Ctr., Memorial Univ. of Newfoundland, St. John's, NF A1C 5S7, Canada.

90:2265 Pennington, J.T. and M.G. Hadfield, 1989. A simple

nontoxic method for the decalcification of living invertebrate larvae. J. expl mar. BioL Ecol, 130(1):1-7. Hopkins Mar. Sta, Stanford Univ., Oceauview Blvd., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.

90:2266 Powers, D.A., 1989. Fish as model systems. Science,

246(4928):352-358.

Fish represent the largest and most diverse group of vertebrates. Their evolutionary position relative to other vertebrates and their ability to adapt to a wide variety of environments make them ideal for studying both organismic and molecular evolution. A number of other characteristics make them excellent experimental models for studies in embryology, neurobiology, endocrinology, environmental biology, and other areas. Research techniques that enable scientists to make isogenic lines in a single generation, create and maintain mutants, culture cells, and transfer cloned genes into embryos signal an increasing role for fish as experimental models. �9 by AAAS. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Stanford Univ., Pacific Grove, CA 93950, USA.

90:2267 Smith, K.L. Jr., D. Alexandrou and J.L. Edelman,

1989. Acoustic detection and tracking of abys- sopehlgie animaJS" description of an autonomous split-beam 'acoustic array. Deep-Sea Res~ 36(9A): 1427-1441.

An autonomous acoustic instrument was developed to detect individual pelagic animals, measure their target strength, and track their movements across specific depth boundaries. The instrument consists of a split-beam line array with a beam pattern narrow in the vertical and omnidirectional in the horizontal. A deployment in the central North Pacific at 100 m above bottom (5762 m total depth) for 25 h recorded four targets moving through the acoustic field. Target sizes were estimated based on initial target strength analyses. Mar. Biol. Res. Div., A-002, Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

FA0. Area studies, surveys (baselines, ecology, etc.)

90:2268 Amanieu, Michel et al., 1989. The F~.,othau pro-

gramme: ecological theory and basis for modelling. Oceanologica Acta, 12(3):189-199. (In French, English abstract.)

The t~cothau program (Ecology of the Thau lagoon) is a global ecological study of a large Mediterranean lagoon, taking into account the spatio-temporal structure of the phenomena and the hierarchy of the ecological processes involved. The program relies on statistical modelling of lagoon functioning through path analysis. Physical and biological processes have been investigated, and a sampling design has been found that rationalizes choices and, for a given cost, makes it possible to sample more of the spatial and temporal variability of the target variables. Lab. d'Hydrobiol. Mar., Univ. des Sci. et Tech. du Languedoc, place Eugene-Bataillon, 34060 Mont- pelier Cedex, France.

E50. General biology, ecology, bioge- ography, etc.

90:2269 Barton, N.H. and G.M. Hewitt, 1989. Review article.

Adaptation, speciation and hybrid zones. Nature, Lond, 341(6242):497-503.

Many species are divided into a mosaic of geneti- cally distinct populations, separated by narrow zones of hybridization. Studies of hybrid zones allow us to quantify the genetic differences responsible for speciation, to measure the diffusion of genes between diverging taxa, and to understand the spread of alternative adaptations. Dept. of Genetics and Biometry, Univ. Coll. London, 4 Stephenson Way, London NWI 2HE, UK.

90:2270 Castro, Peter, 1988. Animal symbioses in coral reef

communities: a review. Symbiosis, 5(3):161-184.

The study of symbioses between coral reef inhab- itants is complicated by the variety of relationship types, some of which do not neatly fit into the traditional categories of commensafism, mutualism, and parasitism. This review is an attempt to clarify the classification concepts (including cost and fitness analysis) and terminology applied to the symbioses of coral reef communities (excluding invertebrate- algal symbioses). Biol. Sci. Dept., California State Polytech. Univ., Pomona, CA 91768-4932, USA. (gsb)

OLR (1990) 37 (4) E. Biological Oceanography 353

90:2271 Dauvin, J.-C. and Michelle 3oncourt, 1989. Energy

values of marine benthic invertebrates from the western English Channel. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K. 69(3):589-595. Sta. Biol., CNRS UPR 4601, 29211 Roscoff, France.

90:2272 Dusenbery, D.B., 1989. Optimal search direction for

an animal flying or swimmilltg in a wind or current. J. chem. Ecol, 15(11):2511-2519. School of Appl. Biol., Georgia Inst. of Tech., Atlanta, GA 30332, USA.

90:2273 Hatcher, A., 1989. RQ of benthic marine inverte-

brates. Mar. Biol, 102(4):445-452.

An incubation method employing simultaneous measurement of CO 2 production and O 2 consumption rates to calculate RQ (respiratory quotient) of individual benthic marine invertebrates was investigated using four species from a nearshore reef off Marmion, Western Australia. This study provides a strong argument against using the RQ of individuals to draw any conclusions about catabolic substrates. Mar. Biol. Lab., Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Western Australia, PO Box 20, North Beach, WA 6020, Australia.

90:2274 Thresher, R.E. et al., 1989. Phytoplankton production

pulses and episodic settlement of a temperate marine fish. Nature, Lond, 341(6243):641-643.

Over a three-year period, pulses of settlement of a species of temperate reef fish were invariably preceded by brief, irregularly occurring peaks of phytoplankton production. The lag time was consistent with a 'critical period' hypothesis, in which settlement rates are determined by irregular variation in the availability of food for newborn larvae. Although they are difficult to detect, transient but intense pulses of production may be common in the oceanic water column and could underlie the extreme temporal variability of settlement characteristic of many marine organisms. CSIRO Mar. Lab., GPO Box 1538, Hobart, Tas. 7001, Australia.

90:2275 Wiens, J.A., 1989. Essay review. Spatial scaling in

ecology. Functional Ecol, 3(4):385-397.

Although the importance of the scales over which processes occur has long been recognized in geography, atmospheric and geosciences, oceanography, physics, and m.athematies, ecologists have often used inappropriate scales" or ignored scaling altogether.

This paper explores these problems and attempts to show that scaling (focusing on spatial scaling) is of fundamental significance in the design and interpretation of ecological studies. Dept. of Biol. and Nat. Resour., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80523, USA. (gsb)

ES0. Plankton (also primary productivity, seston and detritus)

90:2276 Andersen, Valeria and Paul Nival, 1989. Modelling

of phytoplankton population dynamics in an enclosed water column. J. mar. bioL Ass. U.K, 69(3):625-646.

This model is based on enclosure CEE 3 of the CEPEX project, carried out in Saanich Inlet, British Columbia during the summer of 1978. It considers two nutrients, nitrates and silicates, and three phytoplankton classes, diatoms, dino- and micro- flagellates. Herbivores are considered as forcing variables. The two main assumptions of the model concern diatom sedimentation and silicon storage. Distributions of nitrates, silicates, and diatoms are reproduced well by the model. Sta. Zool., CEROV, BP 28, 06230 Villefranche-sur-Mer, France.

90:2277 Armonies, W., 1989. Meiofannal emergence from

intertidal sediment measured in the field: significant contribution to nocturnal planktonic biomass in shallow waters. Helgol~nder Meeres- unters. 43(1):29-43.

Field studies on the occurrence of meiobenthos in the water column above intertidal sandflats were performed near the Island of Sylt, northern Wadden Sea. Swimming meiobenthos was strongly dominated by harpacticoid copepods. Swimming activity correlated negatively with light. The abundance in the water column was one order of magnitude higher during the night. Light and flow being constant, no significant changes of meiobenthic abundance per tinit area occurred over a tidal cycle. On average, emergence of meiobenthos increased the mesozoo- planktonic biomass by about 2% during diurnal high tides over the entire tidal cycle, and by about 50% during nocturnal high tides. This high contribution to planktonic biomass may be a summer phenom- enon. Biol. Anstalt Helgoland (Wadden Sea Inst. Sylt), D-2282 List, FRG.

90:2278 Claustre, Herv6 et al., 1988/1989. Fatty acid dynam-

ics in phytoplankton and mlcrozooplankton com-

354 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990) 37 (4)

munities during a spring bloom in the coastal Ligurian Sea: ecological implications. Mar. microb. Food Webs, 3(2):51-66.

This study illustrates the pertinence and potential uses of information gathered by fatty acid analyses. The interest of such an approach is not only in the chemical diversity of compounds in each chromat- ogram, but in the fact that even the less abundant fatty acids are molecular markers of specific biochemical origins and processes. Results from fatty acid analyses in this study have enabled conclusions to be drawn on chemotaxonomy, trophic affiliation, and potential fate of particulate organic matter. CEROV, Lab. de Phys. et Chimie Mar., BP 8, 06230 Villefranche sur Met, France.

90:2279 Frikha, M.-G. and E.A.S. Linley, 1988/1989. Pre-

dation on bacterioplankton in oyster ponds of the Atlantic coast of France. Mar. microb. Food Webs, 3(2):67~ CREMA-L'Houmeau, CNRS-IFREMER, Case 5, 17137 Nieul-sur- Mer, France.

90:2280 Gallegos, C.L., 1989. Microzooplankton grazing on

phytoplankton in the Rhode River, Maryland: nonlinear feeding kinetics. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(1):23-33.

The dilution technique estimates microzooplankton grazing on phytoplankton by reducing encounter rates between predator and prey. The technique was extended to the case in which grazing is a nonlinear function of phytoplankton concentration. Experi- ments in the Rhode River demonstrated saturated feeding kinetics and suggested tight coupling between microzooplankton communities and their phytoplankton prey. Equations were solved for the case when the specific ingestion rate is food saturated. The solution allows for estimation of the specific grazing coefficient in eutrophic systems when microzooplankton growth rate is observed. Smithsonian Environ. Res. Ctr., PO Box 28, Edge- water, MD 21037, USA.

90:2281 Keller, A.A. and U. Riebesell, 1989. Phytoplankton

carbon dynamics during a winter-spring diatom bloom in an enclosed marine ecosystem: primary production, biomass and loss rates. Mar. Bio/, 103(I):131-142.

Phytoplankton production, standing crop, and loss processes were measured on a daily basis during the growth, dormancy and decline of a winter-spring diatom bloom in a large-scale marine mesocosm in

1987. C-specific rates of production and biomass change were highly correlated whereas production and loss rates were unrelated over the experimental period when the significant changes in algal biomass characteristic of phytoplankton blooms were occurring. Losses via sedimentation and nighttime phytoplankton respiration predominated, while losses due to zooplankton grazing and nighttime phytoplankton excretion were of lesser importance. A model simulating daily phytoplankton biomass was developed to demonstrate the relative importance of the individual loss processes. Grad. School of Oceanogr., Univ. of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI 02882, USA.

90:2282 Kopylov, A.I., 1988. HeterotropHc nanno- and

microplankton in coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(4):508-512.

The abundance and biomass of heterotrophie nan- noplankton, infusoria and multicellular microzooplankton were determined in coastal waters of the western Indian Ocean in February-March 1984. The greatest abundances were found in coastal ecosystems exposed to anthropogenic pollution. Consid- erable concentrations of heterotrophic nanno- and microplankton were found near coral islands outside the zone directly affected by the reef. Southern Div., Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Gelendzhik, USSR.

90:2283 Le Borgne, R., J. Blanchot and L. Charpy, 1989.

Zooplankton of Tikehau Atoll (Tuamotu Archi- pelago) and its relationship to particulate matter. Mar. Biol~ 102(3):341-353.

Over a one-year period, the >200 #m zooplankton of Tikehau Atoll made up 50% of the total (35- ~2000 #m) biomass, and was characterized by a series of blooms (copepods, larvaceans, pteropods and salps), possibly due to wind-related pulses of reef detritus. Data on production rates, P:B ratios, ingestion, and inorganic excretion are reported, and a pelagic food web model is presented. Ctr. ORSTOM, B.P. A5, Noumea Cedex, New Cale- donia. (gsb)

90:2284 Naganuma, Takeshi, Akira Otsuki and Humitake

Seki, 1989. Abundance and growth rate of bacterioplankton community in hydrothermal vent plumes of the North Fiji Basin. Deep-Sea Res., 36(9A): 1379-1390.

Microbiological investigation at the spreading center of the rift system of the North Fiji Basin showed a


population density of bacterioplankters in the order of l0 J cells mL-~, either in plumes of hydrothermal vents or immediately above; about half of these populations were composed of ultramicrocells. Other cells of the bacterioplankton communities were mostly rods in dividing stages. About 20% of the total growing bacterial cells were chemosynthetic in the plumes; >99.9% were heterotrophic in the layers immediately above the plumes. The dividing bacterial populations in the plumes were made up of both psychrophiles and mesophiles, and their in-situ generation times were estimated at a few hours to a few days by the frequency of dividing cells method. Japan Mar. Sci. and Technol. Ctr., Natsushima 2-15, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237, Japan.

90:2285 Nawrocki, M.P. and D.M. Karl, 1989. Dissolved

ATP turnover in the Bransfieid Strait, Antarctica during a spring bloom. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser~ 57(1):35-44.

D-ATP concentrations varied both spatially and temporally. During initial stages of bloom development, there was a significant positive correlation between the concentration of particulate ATP (i.e., biomass) and D-ATP; this relationship later dete- riorated. At the height of the bloom (January), a D-ATP concentration gradient in excess of an order of magnitude was observed for the coastal to open water transect. D--ATP fluxes were highly correlated with D-ATP concentrations, indicating stimulation of production and removal processes. Results are most consistent with a model that includes phytoplankton release during active growth and metab- olism as a major source of D-ATP in the study area. Karl: Dept. of Oceanogr., Univ. of Hawaii, Hono- lulu, HI 96822, USA.

90:2286 Orive, E., 1989. Differences in phytoplankton abun-

dance and distribution between the Abra of Bilbao and the adjacent shelf waters. Hydrobiologia, 182(2):121-135. Lab. de Ecol., Apdo 644, Univ. del Pais Vasco, Bilbao 48080, Spain.

90:228"/ Painchaud, Jean and J.-C. Therriault, 1989. Rela-

tionships between bacteria, phytoplankton and particulate organic carbon in the upper St. Lawrence Estuary. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser~ 56(3): 301-311.

Free bacteria, bacterial biomass and heterotrophic activity decreased in a seaward direction; chlorophyll, phytoplankton biomass and photosynthetic activity had minimum values in the mid-estuarine region. Values of POC and attached bacteria were

highest at the upper limit of the salinity intrusion, in the zone of maximum turbidity. In general, bacterial and phytoplankton variables were highly correlated and linked to salinity. Only attached bacteria of the maximum turbidity zone were significantly correlated with chlorophyll and POC concentrations. Bacterial biomass largely exceeded that of phytoplankton at all but the most seaward station. This study suggests that phytoplankton and POC did not primarily determine bacterial distribution, and that bacteria may have a relatively important trophic role in this system. Inst. Maurice-Lamontagne, Ministere des Peches et des Oceans, CP 1000, Mont-Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada.

90:2288 Partensky, Frederic, Jean Le Boterff and J.-F.

Verbist, 1989. Does the fish-killing dlnoflagellate Gymnodlnlum cf. nagasaklense produce cyto- toxins? J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K~ 69(3):501-509. Sta. Biol. CNRS UPR 4601, Place Teissier, 29211 Roscoff, France.

90:2289 Stunzhas, P.A., 1988. Determination of primary

production by statistical separation of biological and physical contributions to diurnal variation in oxygen content. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(4):527-530.

Biological and physical contributions to the observed diurnal variation in oxygen content are separated by statistical processing of probe measurements of oxygen content and temperature. This method can be used to estimate the net primary production of mesotrophic areas from rather limited data on abundance and biomass. The effect on computation results of oxygen exchange between the ocean and atmosphere is discussed. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Aead. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

90:2290 Taylor, G.T., 1989. Variability in the vertical flux of

microorganisms and biogenic material in the epipelagic zone of a North Pacific central gyre station. Deep-Sea Res. 36(9A):1276-1308.

Trap arrays were deployed at a single station (26~ 155"W) for three consecutive periods. Temporal changes in plankton biomass and biogenic vertical fluxes coincided with a 10-day storm. Vertical fluxes of total particulate carbon, ATP, diatoms, dino- flagellates, bacteria, mastigotes and fecal pellets were greatest during the post-storm period, whereas ciliate fluxes were nearly equal in all three trap sets. Findings support the hypothesis that physical forcing by the storm stimulated planktonic production and altered assemblage structure in the epipelagic

356 E. Biological Oceanography O LR (I 990)37 (4)

zone, stimulating efflux of biogenie materials and organisms. Hawaii Inst. of Geophys., Univ. of Hawaii, Manoa, Ilonolulu, HI 96822, USA.

90:2291 Torrrton,, J.-P., D. Guiral and R. Arfi, 1989.

Bacterioplankton biomass and production during destratification in a monomictic eutrophic bay of a tropical lagoon. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Ser. 57(1):53- 67.

Bacterial biomass and production were both very high during destratification of Bi~tri Bay, Ivory Coast. Bacteria of 'bacteria-associated organisms' are responsible for most of the water column O 2 consumption. Integrated bacterial biomass production represented ~80% of carbon produced by primary producers. Destratification appears to be of less importance than suggested by the physical and chemical characteristics. Oxygen requirements in the aphotic zone are roughly equivalent to autotrophic oxygen production in the euphotic zone, showing that oxygenation of the entire water column is necessarily transient and explaining the return to anoxic conditions before establishment of a new density stratification. Ctr. de Rech. Oceanogr., BP V18, Abidjan, Ivory Coast.

90:2292 Underdal, Bjarne, O.M. Skulberg, Einar Dahl and

Tore Aune, 1989. Disastrous bloom of Chryso- chromulina polylepls (Prynmesiophyceae) in Nor- wegian coastal waters 1988---mortniity in marine biota. Ambio, 18(5):265-270.

During May and June 1988 an exceptional mass occurrence of the toxin producing phytoflagellate C. polylepis was accompanied by extensive mortalities among marine biota on the Norwegian coast of the North Sea, the Norwegian and Swedish coasts of the Skagerrak and the Kattegat. The most intriguing feature of the algal bloom was its toxicity and the variety of organisms affected. The long-term severity of the episode is still to be assessed. The results of some biological, ecological, and toxicological observations carried out during and after the bloom 6vent in Norway are presented. Skulberg: Norwegian Inst. for Water Res., P.O. Box 33, Blindern, N0313 Oslo 3, Norway.

90:2293 Vassiliou, Alexandra, Lydia lgnatiades and Michael

Karydis, 1989. Clustering of transect phytoplankton collections with a qnick randomization algmSthm, J. expl mar. BioL Ecol, 130(2):135- 145.

Cluster analysis using a quick randomization algo-

rithm was applied to describe the horizontal spatial differences and scales of phytoplankton species assemblages for separations of 150-12,850 m. A test of significance was applied to determine the statis- tically significant clusters of species groups or localities. Results showed that along examined transects of the well-mixed surface water, phytoplankton distribution was mostly heterogeneous but interrupted irregularly by homogeneous species associations at small scales from 150 to 1500 m. There was no indication of constancy in the horizontal species organization at certain scales. lgnatiades: Natl. Res. Cir. for Sci. Res. 'Demo- kritos', PO Box 60228, Aghia Paraskevi 15310, Attiki, Greece.

90:2294 Vincent, W.F. et al., 1989. Short-term changes in

planktonic community structure and nitrogen transfers in a coastal upwelling system. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci~ 29(2): 131-150.

Large changes were recorded in the mixed layer and deeper water column properties of a mid-shelf station in a coastal upwelling region (west coast, South Island, New Zealand) after time intervals of 0.5 and 5.0 days. Bacterial heterotrophy and nitrifi- cation rates, as well as picoplankton biomass and associated rate variables, greatly increased subse- quent to a period of apparent upwelling. Microbial interactions are likely to dominate the biological dynamics of this system. Taupo Res. Lab., Div. of Water Sci., DSIR, P.O. Box 415, Taupo, New Zealand.

El00. Neklon (communities; also fish, rep- tiles, mammals)

90:2295 CasteUini, M.A. and G.L. Kooyman, 1989. Behavior

of freely diving animals. Undersea biorned. Res, 16(5):355-362.

Diving animals are capable of both long-duration and deep dives, but do not routinely approach these limits of time and depth. Studies of the physiologic and biochemical capabilities of diving species have defined the maximum limits of their underwater periods. If the behavioral goal of a foraging seal is to spen.d as much time underwater as possible, then it must make many repetitive dives instead of single, longer dives that require long surface recovery periods. To understand the efficiency of bout diving we must study the physiologic impact o f many repetitive dives and how the seal manipulates its behavior to stay within its physiologic limits and still

OLR 0990)37 (4) E. Biological Oceanography 357

maximize time underwater. Long Mar. Lab., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

90:2296 Dietz, Rune, M.-P. Heide-Jorgensen and Tero

H/IrkOnen, 1989. Mass deaths of harbor seals (Phoca v/tu//aa) in Europe. Arnbio, 18(5):258-264.

Since April 1988, an epizootic disease has raged among harbor seals in Europe. The disease began on Anholt in central Kattegat, but quickly spread to almost all seal herds in Europe. The cause is most likely a virus belonging to the morbilli group; but dispersal and triggering mechanisms behind the infection remain obscure. Highest mortality was found in areas where the disease was introduced during summer when seals congregate on land for reproduction and molt. Seal herds infected during autunm were less affected by the disease. The role of environmental factors in the course and development of the disease remains unclear. Danbiu ApS, Dampfaergevej 8, DK-2100 Copenhagen O, Den- mark.

90:2297 Eisner, Robert et al., 1989. Behavioral and physio-

logical reactions of arctic seals during under-ice pilotage. Can. J. Zool, 67(10):2506-2513.

One spotted seal (Phoca largha) and two ringed seals (P. hispida) were studied in experiments designed to determine which sensory modalities were employed in pilotage from one under-ice breathing hole to another. The results indicate that seals relied upon a sensory hierarchy for locating breathing holes: vision, audition, and vibrissal sense. Heart rate was recorded during voluntary dives of the younger ringed seal at 2 and 3 years of age. Profound diving bradycardia was observed, suggesting that a highly developed diving response is routinely invoked by seals of relatively small body size during under-ice excursions. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Alaska, Fairbanks, A,K 99775-1080, USA.

90:2298 Fedoryako, B.I., 1988. Accumulation of fish near

stationary buoys in the ocean. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(4):521-523. Shir- shov Inst. of Occanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

90:2299 Le Boeuf, B.J. et al., 1989. Prolonged, continuous,

deep diving by northern elephant seals. Can. J. Zool, 67(10):2514-2519.

An earlier study showed that female northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) dive con-

tinuously during the first weeks at sea following lactation. We report that this dive pattern is maintained for the entire 21/2-month period at sea. Time-depth recorders were attached to six adult females at A~o Nuevo, California. Mean dive rate was 2-3 dives/hr, with <3.5 rain on the surface between dives, meaning females spend 83-90% of the time at sea underwater. Interruption of continuous diving was rare. Modal dive duration was in the range of 20 rain, the longest was 62 rain. Modal dive depth per female ranged 500-700 m; three exceeded 1000 m, with the deepest dive estimated at 1250 m. Deep diving to 500 m or more was always preceded by a descending-staircase pattern of initially shallow to increasingly deeper dives. The continuous, deep diving pattern of the pelagic seal has important implications for understanding diving adaptations and the physiological processes underlying them. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.

90:2300 Lincoln Smith, M.P., 1989. Improving multispecies

rocky reef fish censuses by counting different groups of species using different procedures. Environ. BioL Fishes, 26(1):29-37. The Ecol. Lab Pty. Ltd., P.O. Box 1373, Darlinghurst, NSW 2010, Australia.

90:2301 Myers, R.A. and Ken Drinkwater, 1989. The influ-

ence of Gulf Stream warm core rings on recruitment of fish in the northwest Atlantic. J. mar. Res~ 47(3):635-656.

The a priori hypothesis that entrainment of shelf water by warm core rings reduces recruitment of marine fish stocks through offshore transport is tested. Satellite images are used to generate time- series of positions and numbers of warm core rings and locations of the shelf-slope front from the mid-Atlantic Bight to the Grand Banks. These data are combined with estimates of spawning timing and duration of larval stages to create stock-specific annual indices of ring activity and shelf-slope front variability. There is evidence that increased warm core ring activity reduces recruitment in the 17 groundfish stocks examined, with the exception of cod from Georges Bank. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, P.O. Box 5667, ST. John's, NF AIC 5XI, Canada.

90:2302 Osffeld, R.S., 1989. Foraging, activity budget, and

social behavior of the South American marine otter Lutra fellna (Molina 1782). Natn. geogr. Res~ 5(4):422-438.

The behavior (foraging and social) and activity

358 E. Biological Oceanography OLR (1990)37 (4)

budget of the South American marine otter were observed at three widely spaced sites off the coast of Chile and compared with those of the closely related fiver otter and the distantly related sea otter. Although the diet and, to some extent, the foraging behavior of the marine otter were intermediate between those of the freshwater members of its genus (river otters) and sea otters, the social organization of marine otter groups was distinct from that of sea otters. Biol. Dept., Boston Univ., Boston, MA 02215, USA. (gsb)

90:2303 Seabrook, Wendy, 1989. The seasonal pattern and

distribution of green turtle (Chelonla mydas) nesting activity on Aldabra Atoll, Indian Ocean. J. Zool, Proc. zool. Soc. Lond, 219(1):71-81. School of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.

90:2304 Seret, B. et al., 1989. Biology of selachians. Ocean&,

15(3):213-344; 6 papers. (In French, English abstracts.)

Developmental, reproductive, and sensory aspects of selachian biology; human perceptions (myth vs. reality) and exploitation of selaehians; and Medi- terranean coastal selachian populations are ad- dressed in this collection. (gsb)

E l l 0 . Bottom communities

90:2305 Austen, M.C., 1989. Factors affecting estuarine

meiobenthic assemblage structure: a multi- factorial microcosm experiment. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 130(2): 167-187.

Nematodes and harpacticoid copepods exhibited different responses to treatments. Both multi- and unlvariatc methods revealed the same main factor effects on assemblage structure of each taxon but different interaction effects. Salinity strongly affected both taxa. The feeding regime affected only copepod assemblage structure. Feeding regime and salinity interaction effects were observed for both taxa. For nematodes, initial assemblage structure affected final structure at higher salinities only, and did not affect copepod assemblages at all. Copepods appear less flexible in their nutritional requirements than nematodes. Plymouth Mar. Lab., Prospect PI., West Hoe, Plymonth, Devon PL! 3DH, UK.

90:2306 Beukcma, J.J., 1989. Molluscan life spans and

long-term cycles in benthic communities. Oecol- ogia, 80(4):p.570.

This communication critiques a 1985 publication by Powell and Cummins in which they postulate a relationship between numbers of molluscan life spans of a particular length and periods of long-term benthic community cycles. Their arguments were found lacking because of insufficient statistical treatment, selection of only the highest recorded age for each species despite high variability, and the tendency of literature reports of longevity to be underestimates due to sampling constraints. Neth- erlands Inst. for Sea Res., P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB, Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands. (gsb)

90:23~ Dauvin, J.-C. and F. Gentil, 1989. Long-term

changes in populations of subtidal bivalves (Abra Mba and A. pr/smat/ca) from the Bay of Morialx (western English Channel). Mar. Biol, 103(1): 63-73. Sta. Biol., Univ. P. et M. Curie, F-29211 Roscoff, France.

90:2308 Davis, A.R. and A.E. Wright, 1989. Interspecifie

differences in fouling of two congeneric ascidians (Eudistoma ollvaceum and E. capstdatum): is surface acidity an effective defense? Mar. Biol, 102(4):491-497. Dept. of Biol., Univ. of Wol- longong, P.O. Box 1144, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia.

90:2309 De Wilde, P.A.W.J. et al., 1989. Structure and energy

demand of the benthic soft-bottom communities in the Java Sea and around the islands of Madura and Bali, Indonesia. Neth. J. Sea Res, 23(4):449- 461.

The aim was to describe the structure of the benthic communities in terms of numerical density and biomass, and in relation to geographical position and ambient factors. Attempts were also made to estimate benthic activity and relate it to the pelagic system. In general there is a trend from west to east toward somewhat richer communities. Both the very soft fluid-mud bottoms in the central Java Sea and Strait Madura, and the relatively low amount of energy available for growth, probably prevent establishment of well developed benthic communities. Netherlands Inst. for Sea Res., P.O. Box 59, 1790 AB Den Burg, Texel, Netherlands.


90:2310 Emig, C.C., 1989. Preliminary observations on the

silting of the Gryphns vitreus (Brachiopoda) blocoenosis, on the continental slope of northern Corsica (Mediterranean): orlglns and effects. C. r. Aead. Sci, Paris, (S6r. III)309(9):337-342. (In French, English summary.) C.N.R.S., Station mar. d'Endoume, rue de la Batterie-des-Lions, 13007 Marseille, France.

90:2311 Fricke, H. et al., 1989. Hydrothermai vent commu-

nities at the shallow subpolar Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Mar. Bio~ 102(3):425-429.

A new type of animal community has been found near hot vents in the subpolar Atlantic at 100 to 106 m depth off Kolbeinsey on the Jan Mayen Ridge. Incubation of high temperature fluids yielded cul- tures of undescribed hyperthermophilic eu- and archaebacteria, closely related to species occurring within deep sea hydrothermal areas. The Kolbeinsey macro- and meiofauna consists of species reported from non-vent areas in the boreal Atlantic and adjacent polar seas. Kolbeinsey is an isolated, young area of hydrothermal activity; these findings could indicate a model for an early evolutionary step toward the formation of a genuine specialized vent community. Max Planck Inst. fur Verhaltens- physiol., D-8130 Seewiesen/Post Starnberg, FRG.

90:2312 Gentil, F. and J.-C. Dauvin, 1988. Is it possible to

estimate the total species number of a macrobenthic community? Application to several soft- bottom communities from the English Channel. Vie Milieu, 38(3/4):207-212. (In French, English abstract.)

The relationship between macrozoobenthic species number and sampling area is considered from soft-bottom subtidal communities in the English Channel. Analysis of the cumulative species-area curve as used l~y previous workers to define the minimal sampling area is not convincing; large data demonstrate high species diversity with many rare species. Helpful estimation is obtained by exclusion of the rarer species and by construction of a corrected species-area curve. Extrapolations are made in order to predict total number of species present on each community. Univ. P. et M. Curie, Sta. Biol., 29211 Roscoff, France.

90:2313 Graf, Gerhard, 1989. Benthic-pelagic coupling in a

deep-sea benthic community. Nature, Lond., 341(6241):437-439.

Evidence that the response by a deep-sea benthic community to a pulse of natural organic matter occurs within days is presented. In terms of activity and biomass, this rapid response was evident to a sediment depth of 9 cm. Inst. fur Meereskunde, Dusternbrooker Weg 20, 2300 Kiel, FRG.

90:2314 Hoegh-Guldberg, Ove and G.J. Smith, 1989. The

effect of sudden changes in temperature, light and salinity on the population density and export of zooxanthellae from the reef corals Stylophora pistiHata Esper and Seriatopora hystrs Dana. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 129(3):279-303. Dept. of Biol. Sci., Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0371, USA.

90:2315 Jeuniaux, Charles, 1988. Ecophysiological adaptations

of some crustaceans, mollusks and polychaetes towards salinity variations in intertidal zone. Bull. Soc. zooL Fry 113(3):231-243. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.) Inst. Ed. Van Beneden, Lab. de Morph., Syst. et Ecol. Animales, Quai Van Beneden 22, B-4020 Liege, Belgium.

90:2316 JolLivet, Didier et al., 1989. First observations of

faunal assemblages associated with hydrother- malism in the North Fiji back-arc basin. C. r. Acad. Sci~ Paris, (S6r. III)309(8):301-308. (In French, English summary.)

Bottom observations made during the French- JapaneseKaiyo 88 cruise (November-December, 1988) at 16"59"45S and 173"54"90E, revealed a new hydrothermal community associated with abundant diffuse venting and dominated by Bathymodiolus-like mussels. The presence of snails and barnacles resembling those found in the Mariana back-arc basin and the presumed lack of alvinellids and vestimentiferans at this vent suggest geographical isolation of west Pacific back-arc basins. IFREMER, Ctr. de Brest, B . P . n . 70, 29263, Plouzane, France.

90:2317 Kastoro, W. et al., 1989. Soft-bottom benthic com-

munity in the estuarine waters of East Java. Neth. J. Sea Res~ 23(4):463-472.

During the Snellius-lI Expedition (July-August and November-December 1984) the structure of the macrobenthic communities in the estuaries of the rivers Porong, Wonokromo and Solo was investigated. Paraprionospio pinnata and Theora lata, which are considered indicators of disharmonic environments, were found at almost every station in both


periods. Species diversity at all stations was low (0.1-1.6). Ctr. for Oceanol. Res. and Develop., Indonesian Inst. of Sci., P.O. Box 580 DAK, Ancol Timur, Jakarta, Indonesia.

90:2318 Levitan, D.R. and S.J. Genovese, 1989. Substratum-

dependent predator-prey dynamics: patch reefs as refuges from gastropod predation. J. expl mar. BioL Ecol, 130(2):111-118.

The impact of the gastropod predator Cassis tuberosa on the local distribution of the sea urchin Diadema antillarum was investigated. Artificial reefs stocked with Diadema were established 5 m off the fringing reef of St. John, U.S. Virgin Islands. Cassis preyed upon 17% of the urchins after 30 days, but only on sand. Arenas containing a single Diadema and Cassis were set up with sand, flat rock and piled rock habitats. This resulted in urchin mortality of 70, 40 and 10% for the three treatment groups respectively, suggesting that Diadema distribution and foraging may be restricted to reef habitats by predation pressure. The risks of mortality from predation may outweigh the costs of remaining in high-density food-limited conditions. Ecol. Prog., Univ. of Del- aware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.

90:2319 Marinopoulos, Jean, 1989. New concepts about

structure of rocky infralittoral assemblages. C. r. Acad. Sci, Paris, (Sdr. 1II)309(9):343-349. (In French, English summary.) Station mar. d'Endoume, rue Batterie-des-Lions, 13007 Mar- seille, France.

90:2320 Montagna, P.A. et al., 1989. Vertical distribution of

microbial and meiofaunal populations in sediments of a nhtural coastal hydrocarbon seep. J. mar. Res, 47(3):657-680.

Data from three stations in the Santa Barbara Channel are consistent with the hypothesis that organic enrichment via petroleum utilization is responsible for increased abundances of bacteria and nematodes at the seep. There were strong correlations between densities of harpacticoids and microalgae, and densities of nematodes and bacteria. These links indicate that seeping petroleum might have an enhanced effect on the detrital (bacterial based) food web, but a toxic effect on the grazing (microalgal based) food web. Univ. of Texas at Austin, Mar. Sci. Inst., Port Aransas, TX 78373- 1267, USA.

90:2321 Nichols, F.H. et al., 1989. Emergence of burrowing

urchins from California continental shelf sediments--a response to alongshore current rever- sals? Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci~ 29(2):171-182.

Two sequences of bottom photographs taken every two or four hours for two months off the Russian River, California, reveal the dynamic nature of interactions between the water column, sediments, and benthic organisms in the mid-shelf silt deposit. The subsurface dwelling urchins Brisaster latifrons occasionally emerged from the sediment (typically following relaxation of coastal upwelling), plowed the sediment surface, then buried themselves again. Among the possible causes of emergence, a response to enhanced food supply seems most plausible. Circumstantial evidence suggests that phytoplankton sedimentation during upwelling relaxation periods could provide a new food source at the sediment surface. USGS, 345 Middlefield Rd., MS-496, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA.

90:2322 St. John, J., G.P. Jones and P.F. Sale, 1989.

Distribution and abundance of soft-sediment meiofauna and a predatory goby in a coral reef lagoon. Coral Reefs, 8(2):51-57.

Predator-prey interactions and the influence of environmental variables on those interactions were studied at One Tree Reef (Great Barrier Reef). Of the predominant meiobenthic representatives (bar- pacticoid copepods, nematodes, polychaetes and oligochaetes), harpacticoid copepods were found most often in gut analyses of the goby Valenciennia longipinnis. More gobies were found in habitats with highest copepod densities, but meiofaunal taxon abundances were similar in both the presence and absence of the predator. Sediment type influenced both meiofaunal and goby distribution patterns. Dept. of Mar. Biol., James Cook Univ., Townsville, Qld. 4811, Australia.

90:2323 Syvitski, J.P.M. et al., 1989. Baffin Island fjord

macrobentbos: bottom gommqnities and environmental significance. Arctic, 42(3):232-247.

Cluster analysis of the benthos from ten Baffin Island fjords defines six faunal associations: a shallow kelp-related isopod association, a shallow onuphid association controlled by gravel from dropstones, a widespread Portlandia association in the shallow zones of more recently glaciated fjords where sedimentation rates are high, an ophiuroid- anemone association from current-affected submarine channel environments; and a maldanid asso-


ciation which covered the greatest area in all fjords and passed into an elasipod association in the deepest water in Cambridge Fjord. Fjord-head faunas are used to model ecological changes ac- companying glacier retreat. Geol. Survey of Canada, Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

90:2324 Thrush, S.F., J.E. Hewitt and R.D. Pridmore, 1989.

Patterns in the spatial arrangements of polychaetes and bivalves in intertidal sandflats. Mar. Biol., 102(4):529-535.

Spatial autocorrelation correlograms based on Moran's co-efficient were constructed for common polychaetes and bivalves collected from intertidal sandflats of Manukau Harbour (New Zealand) during October, 1987. Patterns of heterogeneity on a scale smaller than inter-sample distance, homogeneous density patches, and gradients in abundance running through sample sites were identified. Pat- terns could be defined even for species with distributions which were not significantly different from random. The possible influence on two of the study sites of sediment disturbances generated by feeding rays is discussed. Water Quality Ctr., Dept. of Sci. and Indust. Res., Box i 1-115, Hamilton, New Zealand.

90:2325 Vidakovic, J., 1988. Melo- and nematofauna from

Rasa Bay (north Adriatic Sea, Yugoslavia). Vie Milieu, 38(3-4):213-220. Ctr. for Mar. Res. Rovinj, Inst. 'Rudjer Boskovic' Zagreb, G. Paliage 5, 52 210 Rovinj, Yugoslavia.

90:2326 Williams, G.C. and John Rogers, 1989. Photographic

evidence of bathyal octocorals from the Cape Basin. S. dfr. J. Sci, 85(3):191-192.

In the course of, a mapping survey of manganese nodules in the Cape Passage, southwest of Cape Town, photographs taken between 2500 and 4852 m revealed living sea anemones, elasipod holothurians, and pennatulacean octocorals. Other, as yet un- identified, invertebrates and trails from bottom- dwellers were also observed. Among the observations is a new depth record for South African octocorals. Dept. of Mar. Biol., South African Mus., P.O. Box 61, Cape Town, 8000 South Africa. (gsb)

90:2327 Young, C.M., 1989. Larval depletion by ascidians has

iiOle effect on settlement of epifauna. Mar. Biol~ 102(4):481-489. Div. of Mar. Sci., Harbor Br. Oceanogr. Inst., 5600 Old Dixie Hwy., Fort Pierce, FL 33450, USA.

El40. Birds

90~2328 Burger, Joanna, 1989. Least tern populations in

coastal New Jersey: monitoring and management of a reginnally-endangered species. J. coast. Res, 5(4):801-811. Dept. of Biol. Sei., Rutgers Univ., Piscataway, NJ 08855, USA.

90:2329 Furness, R.W., 1989. Declining seabird populations.

J. Zool, Proc. zooL Soc. Lond, 219(1):177-180.

The 11 April 1989 Scientific Meeting of the Zoo- logical Society of London consisted of three reports on changes in the numbers and demography of seabird populations in Britain and Ireland. The first described the findings of the complete census of coastal bird colonies in 1985-88 and compared these results with the 1969-70 survey. The second talk described changes in the populations of guillemots in northern Britain and presented detailed data on demographic changes at the Isle of May. The final talk discussed relationships between changes in seabird ecology and food supplies, and suggested that seabird studies could also be of value in monitoring changes in fish stocks. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Glasgow, UK.

90:2330 Wahl, T.R. et al., 1989. Associations between seabirds

and water masses in the northern Pacific Ocean in summer. Mar. Biol, 103(I): I-11.

Seabirds were systematically censused in the North Pacific Ocean and Bering Sea during the summers of 1975 to 1984. Density indices were calculated for 1 ~ latitude-longitude blocks for 71 species. Blocks were assigned to oceanographic regions on the bases of geography, SST and salinity. Regional avifaunas overlapped as a function of three factors: similarity of water-types, geographic adjacency and proximity to nesting areas. Four major avifaunas were apparent: the Bering Sea, the Subarctic Current Sys- tem/Transition Domain, Upwelling Domain, and North Pacific Central Water. The subarctic bound- ary sharply separated different avifaunas. Ocean productivity may be the factor that ultimately affects avifaunal composition. 3041 Eldridge, Bellingham, WA 98225, USA.

El50. Microbiology (communities, processes; also bacteria, fungi, yeasts, viruses, etc.)

90:2331 Austin, H.K. and S.E.G. Findlay, 1989. Benthic

bacterial biomass and production in the Hudson


River Estuary. Microb. Ecol, 18(2):105-116. U.S. EPA, Off. of Toxic Substances, Washington, DC 20460, USA.

90:2332 Delille, D. and E. Pcrret, 1989. Influence of temper-

ature on the growth potential of southern polar marine bacteria. Microb. Ecol, 18(2):117-123.

Regular surveys of heterotrophie microflora from seawater were conducted in the subantarctic and Antarctic. There were no significant differences between results obtained after incubation at 4~ for 21 days or 18~ for 6 days. To investigate this further, four sets of bacterial strains were isolated from the subantarctic area (early fall, late fall, spring, and summer) and one set of Antarctic bacteria was isolated in summer. Growth rates of the 143 strains collected were determined at four different temperatures. Results clearly indicated that a large majority of the isolated bacteria must be considered psychrotrophic and not truly psychrophilic strains. Univ. P. et M. Curie, U.A. 177, Lab. Arago, 66650 Banyuls sur mer, France.

90:2333 Delille, Daniel and Marc Bouvy, 1989. Bacterial

responses to natural organic inputs in a marine subantarctle area. Hydrobiologia, 182(3):225-238.

Quantitative investigations of bacteriological and organic matter parameters were conducted regularly once a week for a year at three subantarctic benthic stations. The different bacteriological methods used gave complementary results. Despite substantial differences in organic matter content of the different sediments, bacterial communities were of similar density. Seasonal variations observed were regular enough to allow detailed analysis. A general scheme describing reactions of the bacterial microflora to

of different periods, organic input is discussed. This model, which includes three parts, allows the interpretation of bacterial responses observed during the benthic surveys. Univ. P. et M. Curie, Lab. Arago, 66650 Banyuls sur mer, France.

90:2334 Gil-Turnes, M.S., M.E. Hay and William Fenical,

1989. Symbiotic marine bacteria chemically de- fend crustacean embryos from a pathogenic fungus. Science, 246(4926): 116-118.

Embryos of the shrimp Palaemon macrodactylus are remarkably resistant to infection by the fungus Lagenidium callinectes, a recognized pathogen of many crustaceans. An .41teromonas sp. bacterial

strain consistently isolated from the surface of the embryos, produces 2,3-indolinedione (isatin), a compound that inhibits the pathogenic fungus. If exposed to the fungus, bacteria-free embryos quickly die, whereas similar embryos reinoculated with the bacteria or treated only with 2,3-indolinedione live well. The commensal Aheromonas sp. bacteria protect shrimp embryos from fungal infection by producing and liberating the antifungal metabolite 2,3-indolinedione. �9 by AAAS. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Jolla, CA 92093, USA.

90:2335 RUger, tt.-J., 1989. Benthic studies of the Northwest

African Upwelling region: psychrophilic and psychrotrophlc bacterial communities from areas with different upwelling intensities. Mar. Ecol.- Prog. Ser., 57(1):45-52.

The bacterial community, found in sediments of the Northwest African Upwclling area at 17 and 21ON, consisted of approximately equal proportions of Gram-negative strains belonging mainly to the genera Alteromonas and Vibrio. Most were psychrophiles, possibly due to the upwelling of cold water masses in this region. In an area with low upwelling intensities, at 29 and 35~ Gram-positive psycho- trophic Bacillus strains predominated, tolerating growth temperatures higher than 24~ A high proportion of these Bacillus fermented carbohy- drates and sugar alcohols and used citrate as a sole source of carbon and energy, differing from strains in the central upweUing area. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, D-2850 Bremer- haven, FRG.

90:2336 Vanzella, Alessandra, M.A. Guerrero and R.D.

Jones, 1989. Effect of CO and light on ammonium and nitrite oxidation by chemolithotrophic bacteria. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(1):69-76.

This study investigated CO and light effects on NH4 + and NO 2- oxidation by two chemolithotrophic bacteria, using different substrate concentrations. Starved cells and iron-deprived cells of Nitrosomonas cryotolerans were also included to test the possible role of cytochrome %54 in CO detoxification by ammonium oxidizers. In addition, the extent to which CO and light affect CO and CH4 oxidation by N. cryotolerans was examined. Characterization of light and CO responses by marine nitrifying bacteria is critical in any attempt to explain the formation ol the subsurface primary nitrite maximum. Dept. o' Biol. Sci. and Drinking Water Res. Ctr., Florida Intl Univ., Univ. Park, Miami, FL 33199, USA.

OLR (1990)37 (4) E. Biological Oceanography 363

El80. Biochemistry E230. Crustacea

90:2337 Rodriguez-Iglesias, M.A. and J. Mira-Gutierrez,

1987. lMarine antibiotics update.] Revue int. Ocdanogr. M(d, 87-88:13-32. (In French, Eng- lish abstract.)

We present an update of the production of antimicrobial substances in marine organisms. The function of telemediators is discussed, as well as the chemical structure and the antimicrobial activity spectrum. Dept. de Microbiol. et Hygiene, Fac. de Med., Plaza Fragela s/n., ! 1003-Cadiz, Spain.

90:2340 Ameyaw-Akumfi, C., 1989. Preliminary observations

on seasonal movements of Cardlsoma armature Herklots, 1851. Crustaceana, 57(2):223-224. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Cape Coast, Ghana.

90:2341 Arashkevich, Ye.G. and K.N. Kos0bokova, 1988.

Life strategy of plant-eating copepods: physiology and biochemistry of overwintering Calanus glaclalls under starvation conditions. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(4):513-517. Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Moscow, USSR.

E 2 2 0 . I n v e r t e b r a t e s (except E230-Crusta- cea, E240-Protozoa)

90:2338 Bodoy, Alain (ed.), 1987. [Ecology, ecophyslology,

and energetics of marine and terrestrial mollusks.] Soci6t6 Fran~aise de Malacologie symposium, Rochefort, 9-13 September 1986. Haliotis, 16: 592; 45 papers, 17 abstracts. (In French, English abstracts.)

The first two sections of this collection deal with terrestrial mollusks. The remaining sections cover trophic relationships and energetics (mostly of marine species); nutrition; reproduction (including development and recruitment); growth; and physiology and stock assessment. (gsb)

90:2339 Jaeckle, W.B. and D.T. Manahan, 1989. Feeding by a

'nonfeeding' larva: uptake of dissolved amino acids from seawater by lecithotrophic larvae of the gastropod Haliotls rulescens. Mar. Biol, 103(1): 87-94.

The aim of this study was to determine whether red abalone larvae, which are functionally incapable of particulate food capture, could acquire energy from dissolved organic material in seawater. Trochophore and veliger larvae were shown to do so. Both stages took up all amino acid classes tested. The percent contribution that amino acid uptake made to the metabolic demand of abalone larvae ranged 39-70%. Thus, these lecithotrophic larvae are not energeti- cally independent of their environment. Harbor Br. Oceanogr. Inst., 5600 Old Dixie Hwy., Fort Pierce, FL 34949, USA.

90:2342 Barnard, J.L., 1989. Rectification of Ha//rag~ reg/s

and H. hurdeyanus (Crustacea: Amphipoda), from marine Antarctica, with description of a new genus Austroregla. Proc. bioL Soc. Wash, 102(3):701-715. Dept. of Invertebrate Zool., NHB-163, Smithsonian Inst., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

90:2343 Barshaw, D.E., 1989. Growth and survival of early

juvenile American lobsters, Homarns amerlcanu.% on a diet of plankton. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Serv, U.S, 87(2):366-370. Ctr. for Mar. Studies, Univ. of Haifa, Mt. Carmel, Haifa 31999, Israel.

90:2344 Bellan-Santini, Denise and J.-C. Dauvin, 1989.

Vertical distribution and biogcographic reparfi- tion of holobenthic crustacean filter-feeders. An example: the genus Ampe//sca (Amphipoda), a zoological group with a high level of speclation. Bull. Soc. gdol. Fr, (8)5(3):561-568. (In French, English abstract.) Ctr. d'Oceanol, de MarseiUe, Station Mar. d'Endoume, 13007 Marseille, France.

90:2345 Bodin, P. and D.F. Jackson, 1989. A comparison of

the intertidal harpacticold copepod assemblages of sandy beaches in Galway Bay (Ireland) and northern Brittany (France). J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K, 69(3):573-588. Lab. d'Oceanogr. Biol., Univ. de Bretagne Occidentale, 6 Avenue Le Gorgeu, 29287 Brest Cedcx, France.

90:2346 Camilleri, J., 1989. Leaf choice by crustaceans in a

mangrove forest in Queensland [Australia]. Mar.


Biol, 102(4):453-459. Inst. fur Systematische Botanik, Zollikerstrasse 107, CH-8008 Zurich, Switzerland.

90:2347 Carleton, J.H. and W.M. Hamner, 1989. Resident

mysids: community structure, abundance and small-scale distributions in a coral reef lagoon. Mar. Bid, 102(4):461-472.

Twenty-five mysid species were captured at Davies Reef, with six new records for the Great Barrier Reef. The epibenthie mysid community differed from that in the overlying water and was faunisti- tally uniform, but formed characteristic seasonal and diel groupings. Total mysid abundances ranged 110--790 m -J with peak abundance in October. Schooling species occurred at local densities up to 500,000 m -~. Mysids were absent from shallow and mid-water depths during the day, but were distributed throughout all depths at night with peak abundances in mid-water and deep layers. The contribution of resident lagoon mysids to reef trophodynamics is probably through reminerali- zation of lagoon detritus. Australian Inst. of Mar. Sci., Townsville, Qld. 4810, Australia.

90:2348 Carlotti, Francois and Antoine Sciandra, 1989.

Population dynamics model of F~terpina acuti- Irons (Copepoda: Harpacticoida) coupling individual growth and larval development. Mar. Ecol.-Prog. Set, 50(3):225-242. Sta. Zool., CEROV, BP 28, U.A. 716, F-06230 Villefranche sur mer, France.

90:2349 Carvacho, Alberto, 1989. Cancer johngurtM, n.sp.

and Cancerporterl (Bell) (Crustacea, Doeapoda): comparisons and hypothesis. Proc. bioL Soc. Wash, 102(3):613-619. Inst. Prof. de Osorno, Casilla 933, Osorno, Chile.

90:2350 Child, C.A., 1989. Pycnogonida of the western Pacific

islands VI. Serlcosura cocldeffoveu, a new hydrothermal vent species from the Marianas back-arc basin. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, 102(3):732-737. Dept. of Invertebrate Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

90:2351 Clancy, M. and C.E. Epifanio, 1989. Distribution of

crab larvae in relation to tidal fronts in Delaware Bay, USA. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 57(1):77-82. Coll. of Mar. Studies, Univ. of Delaware, Lewes, DE 19958, USA.

90:2352 Fransozo, Adilson, M.L. Negreiros-Fransozo and

C.M. Hiyodo, 1988. Juvenile development of Menlppe nodifrons Stimpson, 1859 (Crustacea, Decapoda, Xanthidae) reared in the laboratory. Revue Hydrobiol. trop, 21(4):297-308. (In French, English abstract.) Dept. de Zool., Inst. de Biociencias, UNESP 'Campus' de Botucatu, CP 502 CEP 18610, Botucatu (SP), Brazil.

90:2353 Fraser, A.J., J.R. Sargent and J.C. Gamble, 1989.

Lipid class and fatty acid composition of CManns f/nmarc/ffens (Gunnerns), Pseudocalanus sp. and Temora longicornls Muller from a nutrient- enriched seawater enclosure. J. expl mar. BioL Ecol, 130(1):81-92. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Bedford Inst. of Oceanogr., P.O. Box 1006, Dartmouth, NS B2Y 4A2, Canada.

90:2354 Gocke, G.D., 1989. Steno~ynchns yang/, a new

western Atlantic species of arrow crab (Crnstacea, Brachyura, Majidae) and a redescription of S. seacornis (Herbst, 1788). Proc. bioL Soc. Wash, 102(3):620-636. Minerals Mgt. Serv., Gulf of Mexico OCS Region, Off. for Leasing and Environ., 1201 Elmwood Park Blvd., New Orleans, LA 70123-2394, USA.

90:2355 Grabe, S.A., 1989. Some aspects of the biology of

RhopMophthalmns tattersallae Piilal, 1961 (Crns- tacea, Mysidacea) and extension of range into the Khor al Sabiya, Kuwait (Arabian Gulf). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, 102(3):726-731. Collier County Pollution Control Dept., 3301 Tamiami Trail East, Naples, FL 33962-4977, USA.

90:2356 Greenwood, J.G., M.B. Jones and J. Greenwood,

1989. Salinity effects on brood maturation of the mysid crustacean Mesopodopsls slabberl. J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K, 69(3):683-694. Zool. Dept., Univ. of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane 40677, Australia.

90:2357 Hanamura, Y., M. Kotori and S. Hamaoka, 1989.

Daytime surface swarms of the eupbanslid Thysanoessa/nerm/s off the west coast of Hok- kaido, northern Japan. Mar. Biol, 102(3):369- 376. Enkai Chosa Kaihatsu, Sapporo Techno- park, Atubetsu, Shiroishi-ku, Sapporo 004, Japan.


90:2358 Hattori, H., 1989. Bimodal vertical distribution and

diel migration of the copepods Metdd/a pachqca, M. okhotensis and Pleuromamma scutullata in the western North Pacific Ocean. Mar. Biol, 103(i):39-50. Dept. of Mar. Sci. and Tech., School of Engng, Hokkaido Tokai Univ., Minami-ku, Sapporo 005, Japan.

90:2359 Jayakody, D.S., 1989. Size at onset of sexual maturity

and onset of spawning in female Panulirus homarus (Crustacea: Decapoda: Palinuridae) in Sri Lanka. Mar. Eeol.-Prog. Ser, 57(1):83-87. Scottish Mar. Biol. Assoc., Dunstaffnage Mar. Res. Lab., PO Box 3, Oban Argyll, PA34 4AD, Scotland.

90:2360 Jerling, H.L. and T.H. Wooldridge, 1989. The

developmental stages of Pseudoth'aptomus hessei (Copepoda: Calanoida). S. Aft. J. Zool~ 24(2): 139-145. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000 Republic of South Africa.

90:2361 Jonasdottir, S.H., 1989. Effects of food concentration

on egg-production rates of two species of Psen- docManus: laboratory observations. J. expl mar. BioL Ecol, 130(I):33-43. Mar. Sci. Res. Ctr., SUNY, Stony Brook, NY 11794-5000, USA.

90:2362 Kattner, G., H.J. Hirche and M. Krause, 1989.

Spatial variabifity in lipid composition of r copepods from Fram Strait, the Arctic. Mar. Biol~ 102(4):473-480. Alfred Wegener Inst. fur Polar- und Meeresforschung, Columbusstr., D-2850 Bremerhaven, FRG.

90:2363 Lavalli, K.L. and D.E. Barshaw, 1989. Past-larval

American lobsters (Homarus amedcanus) living in burrows may be suspension feeding, Mar. Behav. Physiol~ 15(4):255-264. BUMP, MBL, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:2364 Manning, R.B., 1989. Sanquerus, a replacement name

for Posldon Herklots, 1851 (Crnstae~ Decap- oda, Portunidae). Proc. bioL Soc. Wash~ 102(3): 698-700. Dept. of Invertebrate Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

90:2365 Manning, R.B., M.S. Tavares and E.F. Albuquerque,

1989. Chaceon ramosae, a new deep-water crab from Brazil (Crustacea: Decapoda: Geryonldae). Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, 102(3):646-650. Dept. of Invertebrate Zool., Natl. Mus. of Nat. Hist., Washington, DC 20560, USA.

90:2366 Mohr, M.S. and D.G. Hankin, 1989. Estimation of

size-specific molting probabilities in adult deca- pod crustaceans based on postmolt indicator data. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sei, 46(10): 1819-1830. Dept. of Biostatisties, Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.

90:2367 Myers, A.A., 1988. The genera Archaeobendos n.gen.,

Bemlos Shoemaker, Protolembos Myers and Globosolembos Myers (Amphlpoda, Aoridae, Aorinae) from Australia. Rec. Aust. Mus~ 40(5- 6):265-332. Dept. of Zool., University Coll., Cork, Ireland.

90:2368 Myers, A.A., 1989. Amphipoda from the South

Pacific: the Society Islands. Rec. S. Aust. Mus, 41(1):63-82. Dept. of Zool., Univ. Coll., Cork, Ireland.

90:2369 Ohman, M.D., J.M. Bradford and J.B. Jillett, 1989.

Seasonal growth and lipid storage of the circum- global, subantarctic copepod, Neoca/anus tonsus (Brady). Deep-Sea Res, 36(9A):1309-1326.

N. tonsus was sampled in the upper 1000 m of the water column off southeastern New Zealand. The apparent spring growth increment of copepodid stage V (CV) differed depending on the constituent considered. From spring to winter, total CV lipid content increased from 22 to 49% of dry mass. Nitrogen declined from 10.9 to 5.4% as storage compounds (wax esters) increased in importance relative to structural compounds. The importance of lipids rather than particulate food as an energy source for deep winter reproduction is confirmed. Despite contrasting life histories, N. torsus and N. plumchrus CVs share high lipid content, a predom- inance of wax esters over triaeylglycerols as storage lipids, and similar wax ester fatty acid and fatty alcohol composition. Scripps Inst. of Oceanogr., La Julia, CA 92093, USA.

90:2370 Othman, B.H.R. and J.G. Greenwood, 1988. Brachy-

_r~lnnm TOtId/$br a new species of plankto-


benthic copepod (Calanolda, Phaennldae) from the Gulf of Carpentaria, Australia. Rec. Aust. Mus, 40(5-6):353-358. Dept. of Zool., Univ. Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

90:2371 Paul, A.J., J.M. Paul and K.O. Coyle, 1989. Energy

sources for first-feeding zoeae of king crab Paralithodes camtschatica (Tilesius) (Decapoda, Lithodidae). J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol~ 130(!):55- 69. Seward Mar. Ctr. Lab., Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of Alaska, Seward, AK 99664, USA.

90:2372 Pereyra Lago, R., 1989. The larval development of the

red mangrove crab Sesarma melnerti de Man (Brachyura: Grapsidae) reared in the laboratory. S. Afr. J. Zool, 24(3):199-211. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000 Republic of South Africa.

90:2373 Read, G.H.L. and A.K. Whitfield, 1989. The re-

spouse of Grandidierella lignornm (Barnard) (Crnstacea: Amphipoda) to episodic flooding in three eastern Cape estuaries [South Africa]. S. Afr. J. Zool, 24(2):99-105. Whitfield: LL.B. Smith Inst. of Ichthyology, Grahamstown 6140, Republic of South Africa.

90:2374 Robertson, W.D., 1989. Factors affecting catches of

the crab Scylla serrata (Forsldd) (Decapoda: Portunidae) in baited traps: soak time, time of day and accessibility of the bait. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci., 29(2):i61-170. Oceanogr. Res. Inst., P.O. Box 10712, 4056 Marine Parade, Durban, South Africa.

90:2375 Robles, C., D.A. Sweetnam and D. Dittman, 1989.

Diel variation of intertidal foraging by Cancer producttts L. in British Columbia. J. nat. Hist~ 23(5): 1041-1049.

Intertidal foraging by the red rock crab was observed on the shores of Vancouver Island. The diel activity pattern was marked not only by differences in density at different times of day but also differences in size composition and sex ratio. Day foragers were primarily large individuals and mostly males (86%), whereas 64% of night foragers were female. Juveniles and mating pairs were only observed on nocturnal high tides. Dept. of Biol., California State Univ., Los Angeles, CA, USA. (gsb)

90:2376 Sainte-Marie, B., J.A. Percy and J.R. Shea, 1989. A

comparison of meal size and feeding rate of the lysiana~id amphipods Anonyx nugax, Onisimus (= Pseudalibrotus) litoralis and Orchomeneila pingu~ Mar. Biol, 102(3):361-368. Inst. Mau- rice-Lamontagne, Peches et Oceans, 850 Route de la Mer, C.P. 1000, Mont-Joli, PQ G5H 3Z4, Canada.

90:2377 Schminke, H.K. and H.-U. Dahms, 1989. Re-

discovery of the Antarctic species of the family Neobradyidae (Copepodab Harpacticoida) after over eighty years. Hydrobiologia, 182(3):249-259. Arbeitsgruppe Zoomorphol., Univ. Oldenburg, Postfach 2503, D-2900 Oldenburg, FRG.

90:2378 Shaw, D.P., 1989. Redescription of Ciarencia chelata

K.H. Barnard, 1932 (Amphipoda, Eusiroidea). Crustaceana, 57(2):201-207. Dept. of Zool., Univ. of British Columbia, 6270 Univ. Blvd., Vancouver, BC V6T 2A9, Canada.

90:2379 Sheridan, P.F. et al., 1989. Factors influencing

recapture patterns of tagged penaeid shrimp in the western Gulf of Mexico. Fishery Bull. natn. mar. Fish. Serv, U.S, 87(2):295-31 I. SEFC, Galves- ton Lab., NMFS, NOAA, 4700 Ave. U, Gal- veston, TX 77551-5997, USA.

90:2380 Soltanpour-Gargari, Ali, Rtatger Engelmann and

Stefan Wcllershaus, 1989. Development and rearing of zoea larvae in Brachyura (Crustacea Decapoda). A bibliography. Crustaceana, 14: 173pp. Includes ~1000 references.

90:2381 Sulkin, S.D. and G.L. McKeen, 1989. Laboratory

study of survival and duration of individual zoeal stages as a function of temperature in the brachyuran crab Cancer mag/ster. Mar. Biol, 103(1):31-37. Shannon Point Mar. Ctr., Western Washington Univ., 1900 Shannon Point Rd., Anacortes, WA 98221, USA.

90:2382 Von Vaupel Klein, J.C., 1989. Eueh/re//a //settae

spec.nov, a new calanoid eopepofl from the Pacific Ocean. Crustaceana, 57(2):145-170. Rijksmuseum van Natuurlijke Hist., Postbus 9517, NL-2300 RA Leiden, Netherlands.

OLR (I 990) 37 (4) E. Biological Oceanography 367

90:2383 Webb, P. and T.H. Wooldridge, 1989. Diet eluci-

dation: supplementary inferences from mysld feeding appendage morphology. S. Aft. J. Zool, 24(2): 106-109. Inst. of Coastal Res. and Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth, 6000 Republic of South Africa.

90:2384 Whatley, Robin and Nicholas Keeler, 1989. Recent

Ostracoda from Reunion Island, southwestern Indian Ocean. Revue MicropaHont~ 32(1):63-84. (In French, English abstract.) Dept. of Geol., Inst. of Earth Studies, Univ. Coll. of Wales, Aberystwyth, Dyfed, UK.

90:2385 White, J.R. and M.J. Dagg, 1989. Effects of sus-

pended sediments on egg production of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa. Mar. Biol., 102(3):315-319. Horn Point Environ. Lab., Univ. of Maryland, P.O. Box 775, Cambridge, MD 21613, USA.

90:2386 Wicksten, M.K., 1989. Hippolyte zostedcola (Oats.

tacea: Decapoda) in the eastern Pacific. Proc. biol. Soc. Wash, 102(3):644-645. Dept. of Biol., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843, USA.

90:2387 Wong, C.K., Y.P. Yuen and K.H. Chu, 1989.

Feeding rate during the larval development of the shrimp Metapenaens crisis. Mar. Behav. Physiol, 15(4):243-253. Dept. of Biol., The Chinese Univ. of Hong Kong, Shatin, N.T., Hong Kong.

E250. Foraminifera, Radiolaria, Tintin- nida, e t c . (,see also D-SUBMARINE GEOL- OGY AND GEOPHYSICS)

90:2388 Anderson, O.R. et al., 1989. Experimental and

observational studies of radiolarian physiological ecology. 2. Trophic activity and symbiont primary productivity of Spoagaster tetras tetras with comparative data on predatory activity of some Nasselladda. Mar. Micropaleont~ 14(4):267-273. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, NY 10964, USA.

90:2389 Anderson, O.R., Paul Bennett and Martha Bryan,

1989. Experimental and observational studies of

radiolarian physiological ecology. 1. Growth, abundance and opal productivity of the sponglose radlolarlan Spongaster tetras tetras. Mar. Micro- paleont, 14(4):257-265. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, NY 10964, USA.

90:2390 Anderson, O.R., Paul Bennett and Martha Bryan,

1989. Experimental and observational studies of radiolarian physiological ecology. 3. Effects of temperalure, salinity and light intensity on the growth and survival of Spongaster tetras tetras maintained in laboratory culture. Mar. Micro- paleont~ 14(4):275-282. Lamont-Doherty Geol. Observ., Palisades, NY 10964, USA.

90:2391 Deuser, W.G. and E.H. Ross, 1989. Seasonally

abundant planktonic Foraminifera of the Sargasso Sea: succession, deep-water fluxes, isotopic compositions, and paleoceanographic implications. J. foram. Res, 19(4):268-293.

Sediment-trap samples collected over six years provided data on seasonal variations in flux and oxygen and carbon isotopic composition of 12 species. All 12 occurred in significant numbers for 2-6 months each year and were rare or absent during the remaining months. Comparison of the oxygen isotopic composition of the eight more abundant species with equilibrium compositions for calcite place tight constraints on their depth habitats and deviations from isotopic equilibrium. Analyses of surface sediment specimens yielded reasonable 'paleotemperatures' for the seasons and depths characterized by the different species and confirmed the practicality of deriving past seasonality and mixed-layer depths from sedimentary assemblages. WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA.

90:2392 Gowing, M.M., 1989. Abundance and feeding ecology

of Antarctic phaeodarian radiolarians. Mar. Biol~ 103(1):107-118.

Phaeodarian radiolarians were sampled from the upper 200 m along a transect through the ice-edge zone in the Weddell Sea, March 1986, and at several stations in the western Antarctic Peninsula region, June 1987. Abundances were similar to or higher than maximum abundances of polycystine radiolarians, foraminiferans, and acantharians, and similar to or less than those of the heliozoan Sticho- lonche sp. Phaeodarians are omnivorous generalists, feeding on a variety of food in both regions and seasons and were most abundant from 100 to 200 m. Phaeodarians are consumed by the non-selective particle-feeding salp Salpa thompsoni. Thus, phaeo-


darians link microbial food webs to macrozooplank- ton and increase the complexity of the Antarctic food web. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Univ. of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA,

90:2393 Lee, JJ . et ai., 1988. Feeding rates of two species of

larger Foraminifera Amphistegina Ioblfera and Amphisorns bemprichii, from the Gulf of Eilat (Red Sea). Symbiosis, 5(1-2):61-102. Dept. of Biol., City College, CUNY, New York, NY, USA.

90:2394 Lee, J.J., Ellen Lanners and B.T. Kuile, 1988. The

retention of chloroplasts by the foraminifer EIplu'th'um crispum. Symbiosis, 5(1-2):45-60. Dept. of Biol., City College, CUNY, Convent Ave. at 138 St., New York, NY 10031, USA.

90:2395 Lukashina, N.P., 1988. Distribution patterns of

benthic Foraminifera in the North Atlantic. Oceanology (a translation of Okeanologiia), 28(4):492-497.

The concentration of benthic Foraminifera and their species diversity were determined in 164 specimens of present-day bottom sediments from the North Atlantic and the Norway-Greenland Basin, and the ranges of agglutinating, secretional porcellanous and secretional vitreous species of benthic Foraminifera were determined. Factors producing the abundance and species distribution of present-day benthic Foraminifera in the region are elucidated. Atlantic Div., Shirshov Inst. of Oceanol., Acad. of Sci., Kalinlngrad, USSR.

90:2396 Sautter, L.R. and R.C. Thunell, 1989. Seasonal

succession of planktonic Foraminifera: results from a four ,ear time-series sediment trap experiment in the northeast Pacific. J. foram. Res. 19(4):253-267.

During the first three years of sampling at "50~ 145~ (depth: 3800m), sub-polar species Globigerina quinqueloba and Neogloboquadrina pachyderma dominated throughout the year, with peak shell fluxes in spring. Left-coiling N. pachyderma predominated over right-coiling in spring, whereas the reverse was true in fall. Transitional species G..bulloides and Orbulina universa, considered to prefer warmer regimes, were present in summer. Records from the fourth year of sampling did not fit the pattern; anomalously warm SSTs during that year can only partially explain the unusual species distribution.

Dept. of Geol. Sci., Univ. of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.

E 2 6 0 . Macrophytes (algae, grasses, etc.)

90:2397 Kain, J.M. ( Jones ), 1989. [Lecture.] The seasons in

the subtidal. Br. phycol. J, 24(3):203-215.

A number of factors that change over the course of an annual cycle may affect subtidal algae; chief among these is the amount of incoming radiation, which varies seasonally and latitudinally. In general, temperature is not an important environmental determinant, and in many cases has been mistaken as one because of correlations with light and nutrients. Application of the concepts of seasonal responders and anticipators to subtidal algae is discussed. Port Erin Mar. Lab., Univ. of Liverpool, Port Erin, Isle of Man, UK.

90:2398 Nisbet, R.M. and J.R. Bence, 1989. Alternative

dynamic regimes for canopy-forming kelp: a variant on density-vague population regulation. Am. Naturalist, 134(3):377-408.

Three different types of population dynamics have been observed among communities of the California giant kelp Macrocystis spp. The "density-vague' model of population regulation synthesizes these varying scenarios by proposing that kelp populations are only density-dependent on the high, and possibly also low, ends of the density spectrum. However, some aspects of this model are inconsistent with observations, so a new group of related models was developed, tested, and compared with the density- vague concept. 'Results suggest that the way in which the less well understood factors, represented by the stochasticity, interact with light and nutrient levels may be of crucial importance in determining the population dynamics of giant kelp.' Dept. of Phys. and Appl. Phys., Univ. of Strathclyde, Glas- gow G4ONG, Scotland. (gsb)

E270. Microphytes (coccolithophores, diatoms, flagellates, etc.)

90:2399 Delgado, M., 1989. Abundance and distribution of

mlcrophytobenthos in the bays of F_,bro Della (Spain). Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(2): 183-194. Inst. de Ciene. del Mar, P. Nac. S/N, Barcelona 08003, Spain.


90:2400 Gotschalk, C.C. and A.L. Alldredge, 1989. Enhanced

primary production and nutrient regeneration within aggregated marine diatoms. Mar. Biol., 103(1):119-129.

Diatom aggregates sustained chl a-specific primary production rates 2-9 times higher than those of freely suspended diatoms from the surrounding seawater. The timing of maximum productivity was strongly correlated with the appearance of remineralized ammonia within the aggregates. Chl a- specific nitrate-uptake rates were routinely 3-9 times lower in diatom aggregates than in surrounding seawater. The results suggest that diatoms associated with aggregates maintain higher photosynthetic rates than freely suspended diatoms by efficiently exploit- hag remineralized ammonia within the aggregate microenvironment, in preference to external nitrate sources. Mar. Sci. Inst., Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.

90:2401 Talbot, M.M.B. and G.C. Bate, 1989. Beach mor-

phodynamlcs and surf-zone diatom populations. J. expl mar. Biol. Ecol, 129(3):231-241.

The vertical and horizontal movements of the surf-zone diatom Anaulus australis in response to environmental factors were investigated during a 10-day storm-calm-storm cycle. Evidence conclu- sively indicated the role of decreasing wave height in transferring the population from the surf zone to nearshore. Beach morphodynamic state, percent break of incident waves on the outer breaker line and rip-current frequency all varied with the wave regime, implying that the diatom population may not be responding directly to changes in wave energy per so. Dept. of Botany, Inst. for Coastal Res., Univ. of Port Elizabeth, P.O. Box 1600, Port Elizabeth 6000, South Africa.

90:2402 Tracy, E.J. and G.R. South, 1989. Composition and

seasonality of micro-algal mats on a salt marsh in New Brunswick, Canada. Br. phycol. J~ 24(3): 285-291. Huntsman Mar. Sci. Ctr., Brandy Cove Rd., St. Andrews, NB E0G 2XO, Canada.

90:2403 Tremblay, Christine, J.A. Runge and Louis

Legendre, 1989. Grazing and sedimentation of ice algae during and immediately after a bloom at the ice--water interface. Mar. EcoL-Prog. Ser, 56(3): 291-300.

Sinking of pigmented particulate matter during and immediately after an ice algal bloom was studied in

southeastern Hudson Bay at a 45-m deep station. There were 2 peaks of cell sedimentation, a minor one during the first half of the bloom and a major one at the end of the bloom, both related to atmospheric warming events. The total export of ice algae to the benthos was estimated to be ~20% of the ice algal production during the measurement period. A large proportion of ice algal production was still suspended in the upper water column at the end of the sampling season. It is hypothesized that a significant fraction of the remaining 50% was retained in the pelagic environment. Dept. de Biol., Univ. Laval, Quebec GIK 7P4, Canada.

90:2404 Welch, H.E. and M.A. Bergmann, 1989. Seasonal

development of ice algae and its prediction from environmental factors near Resolute, N.W.T., Canada. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci~ 46(10):1793- 1804.

Ice algae biomass increased logarithmically with doubling times on the order of 4-8 d, reaching over 150 mg chl a m -2 in 1985 and over 300 mg m -2 in 1986. Snow cover controlled algal growth indirectly by its effect on fight. Algal biomass was predictable from snow thickness and date, or snow thickness and light equally well. Ice-associated amphipods were correlated with reduced ice algal biomass, but Si and NO3 concentrations and tidal cycle had little or no detectable effect. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Fresh- water Inst., 501 Univ. Crescent, Winnipeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.

E300. Effects of pollution (also uptake, trace accumulations, etc.; see also B350- Atmospher ic pollution, C210-Chemical pollution, F250--Waste disposal)

90:2405 Aubert, M., 1988. [Eutrophy and dystrophy in the

marine environment--origin and evolution.] Revue int. Oc~anogr. M~d~ 91-92:3-16. (In French, English abstract.) C.E.R.B.O.M., Pare de la Cote, 1 avenue Jean-Lorrain, 06300 Nice, France.

90:2406 Aubcrt, M., C. Guillemaut-Drai and J. Aubert, 1987.

[Comparative study of the toxicity of two deter- gents in relation to the marine food chain.] Revue int. Oc~anogr. M~d, 87-88:171-180. (In French, English abstract.) C.E.R.B.O.M.-INSERM, 1 avenue Jean-Lorrain, 06300 Nice, France.


90:2407 Bernard, F.R., 1989. Uptake and elimination of

coliform bacteria by four marine bivalve mollusks. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci, 46(9):1592-1599.

90:2408 Carey, D.A. and J.W. Farrington, 1989. Polycyclic

aromatic hydrocarbons in Saccoglossus kowalew- skyl (Agassiz). Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(2):97- 113. Earth and Environ. Sci. Dept., Wesleyan Univ., Middletown, CT 06457, USA.

90:2409 Favretto, L. et al., 1989. Principal component

analysis: a chemometric aid for classification of polluted and unpolluted mussels. Analytica chim. dcta, 220(1):135-144. Dipt. di Econ. e Merceol. delle Risorse Nat. e delia Produzione, Univ. di Trieste, Via A. Valerio 6, 34127 Trieste, Italy.

90:2410 Gros, Philippe, 1988. Statistical basis for marine

environmental monitoring. Detection of ecological impact of a coastal engineering project. Rapp. scient, tech, IFREMER, 12:149pp. (In French, English abstract.)

This report is devoted to the problem of testing statistical hypotheses within the general framework of impact assessment. The first three chapters cover identifying the distinguishing ecological feature betwen 'reference' and 'affected' states; the limits of reliability of parametric procedures; and 'impacted area vs. control area strategy.' Three fundamental options are discussed in the fourth chapter: choice of (1) diagnostic variable; (2) spatiotemporal scales; and (3) objective function for optimizing sampling allocation. IFREMER, France.

90:2411 Guerin, W.F. and G.E. Jones, 1989. Estuurine

ecology of phenanthrene-degrading bacteria. Estuar. coast. Shelf Sci, 29(2):115-130.

Phenanthrene-degrading bacteria were ubiquitously distributed in waters and sediments of the Great Bay Estuary, New Hampshire. Similar activities were observed in March and June water samples incu- bated at 18~ indicating the constant presence of a mesophilic phenanthrene-degrading bacterial population in the estuary. The highest water sample activities were downstream from a dredging oper- ation which introduced high levels of coal tar PAH into the Cocheco River, and in areas receiving PAH from pleasure and commercial boating activities. Phenanthrene biodegradative activities and numbers of culturable bacteria growing on phenanthrene/tol- uene agar were governed by previous exposure to

PAH. Dept. of Crop and Soil Sci., Michigan State Univ., East Lansing, MI 48824-1325, USA.

90:2412 Hove, It.T., O. Grahl-Nielsen and A. Rogstad, 1989.

Assay for dinoflagellate toxins in mussels by gas chromatography and principal components analysis. dnalytica chim. Acta, 222(1):35-42. Dept. of Chem., Univ. of Bergen, Allegt. 41, N-5007 Bergen, Norway.

90:2413 Shiaris, M.P., 1989. Phenanthrene mineralization

along a natural salinity gradient in an urban estuary, Boston Harbor, Massachusetts. Microb. Ecol, 18(2): 135-146.

Mineralization of ~4C-labelled phenanthrene and, to a lesser extent, glutamate, increased with increasing salinity (0, 15, and 30 ppt) in t4CO2-trapping sediment slurry experiments. When 0 ppt sediments were mixed with water from the other two sites (15 and 30 ppt), mineralization rates were unaffected, but 0 ppt water inhibited mineralizing activities in 15 and 30 ppt sediments. These results suggest that phenanthrene mineralization in brackish waters is accomplished by marine organisms tolerant to a broad range of salinities. Biol. Dept., Univ. of Mass., Boston, MA 02125, USA. (gsb)

90:2414 Short, J.W. et al., 1989. Occurrence of tri-n-butyltin-

caused imposex in the North Pacific marine snail Nucella lima in Auke Bay, Alaska. Mar. Biol, 102(3):291-297. AKFSC, NMFS, NOAA, Auke Bay Lab., P.O. Box 210155, Auke Bay, AK 99821, USA.

90:2415 Thompson, C.Q. and J.W. Tucker Jr., 1989. Toxicity

of the organophosphate insecticide Fenthion, alone and with thermal fog carriers, to an estuarine copepod and young fish. Bull. environ. Contamin. Toxicol, 43(5):789-796. Div. of Life Sci., Coll. of Arts and Sciences, Univ. of New England, Biddeford, ME 04005, USA.

90:2416 Thompson, D.R. and R.W. Furness, 1989. The

chemical form of mercury stored in South Atlantic seablrds. Environ. Pollut, 60(3-4):305-317.

Concentrations of total mercury and organic (meth- yl) mercury were measured in the liver tissue of adults of 12 seabird species collected at Gough Island. Total Hg levels showed great intra- and inter-species variation. Organic Hg levels were less variable between, but especially within, species. A


highly significant negative correlation between mean percentage organic Hg and mean total Hg was found. The results suggest that some seabirds may be capable of demethylating organic Hg in a species- dependent way, and that eliminatory pathways for the excretion of dietary Hg may influence the response mode of a particular species. AppI. Ornithol. Unit, Dept. of Zool., Univ. of Glasgow, GI2 8QQ, UK.

90:2417 Unsal, M., 1988. Effects of sewerage on the distri-

bution of benthic fauna in Golden Horn Ilstanbul, Turkey]. Revue int. Ocdanogr. Mdd, 91-92:105- 124. Inst. of Mar. Sci., Middle East Tech. Univ., P.K. 28 Erdemli-Icel, Turkey.

90:2418 Wagemarm, R., 1989. Comparison of heavy metals in

two groups of ringed seals (Phoca Idspida) from the Canadian Arctic. Can. J. Fish. aquat. Sci~ 46(9):1558-1563. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Central and Arctic Region, Freshwater Inst., 501 Univ. Crescent, Winnepeg, MB R3T 2N6, Canada.

E340. Aquaculture (commercial)

90:2419 Castell, J.D. et al., 1989. A standard reference diet for

crustacean nutrition research. J. Wld Aquacult. Soc., 20(3):93-121; 5 papers.

This special section contains five papers on different aspects of crustacean standard reference diet (SRD) research: comparison of two proposed SRD for- mulations, a purification procedure for rock crab protein, and specific effects of SRD on juvenile prawns, crayfish, and dungeness crabs. Dept. of Fish. and Oceans, Halifax Fish. Res. Lab., P.O. Box 550, Halifax, NS B3J 2S7, Canada. (gsb)

90:2420 Folke, Carl and Nils Kautsky, 1989. The role of

ecosystems for a sustainable development of aquaculture. Ambio, 18(4):234-243.

This paper discusses the basis for cage culturing of salmonids and mussel long-line rearing in Scan- dinavian marine aquaculture, including a discussion of the support required from the marine environment to sustain production; how aquaculture fits into the ecosystem; and what side-effects and changes it may cause. Local and regional environmental effects are evaluated and related to the growth and economic development of the aquacul-

ture industry. Asko Lab., Univ. of Stockholm, S-106 91 Stockholm, Sweden.

90:2421 Stickney, R.R., 1988. Aquaculture on trial. World

Aquacult, 19(3): 16-18.

While Norway's success with Atlantic salmon net pen rearing has spurred interest in the U.S., a tangle of regulations has often required the involvement of more than 20 local, state, and federal agencies before the necessary permits could be secured. There is growing public opposition to aquaculture in the Pacific Northwest, from property owners who are concerned about the impact of net pens on the environment. Meanwhile, believing the evidence will vindicate them, aquaculturists have responded to the concern, while their costs rise. School of Fish., Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA. (wbg)

90:2422 White, A.W., 1988. PSP: poison for Fundy shellfish

culture. World Aquacult. 19(4):23-26.

Paralytic shellfish poisoning, which can kill humans within hours, has served as a major marketing constraint in Canada's Bay of Fundy, one of the world's richest shellfish areas. PSP is caused by ingesting molluscan shellfish which have fed on and accumulated the toxins produced by marine dino- flagellates in eastern Canada, Gonyaulax excavata. Only sea scallops are unaffected, as their adductor muscle, which is marketed, does not accumulate the toxins. Since there is no known antidote for PSP's effects on humans nor any economically feasible way of detoxifying shellfish, the cost of inspection must be considered when planning culture operations in areas affected by G. excavata. Sea Grant Program, WHOI, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA. (wbg)

E370. Theoretical biology and ecology

90:2423 Somit, Albert and S.A. Peterson, 1989. The punc-

tuated equilibrium debate: scientific issues and implications. J. social biol. Struct., 12(2-3): 105- 301; 13 papers.

Invited papers for this special issue were to 'identify the component elements of punctuated equilibrium, assess its current status among evolutionary theo- fists, and to explore its implications for biology and for the social sciences.' The final product 'is not quite what we had originally visualized...we simply did not anticipate the range and depth of disa-

372 OLR (1990) 37 (4)

greement which still exists after fifteen years.' The biological and paleontological debate is joined by S.J. Gould, E. Mayr, S.M. Stanley, N. Eldredge, A. Hoffman and M. Ruse. Addressing punctuated equilibrium's potential (or its lack) for economics, anthropology, political science and psychology are K.E. Boulding, S. Cachel, A. Mazur, B.A. Gladue, G. Schubert and R.D. Masters. (fes)

E400. Books, collections (general)

90:2424 Pardee, A.B. et al., 1989. Frontiers in biology: the cell

cycle. Science, 246(4930):603-640; 6 papers.

Each of the papers in this special section reviews recent advances in the study of a particular aspect of the eukaryotic cell cycle. These include the kinetics and substages of the G~ phase and the importance of movement between the quiescent G O phase and Gt, as well as the mechanisms of the replicative S phase and of mitosis. One paper compares and synthesizes two seemingly disparate views of cell cycle events-- the domino theory and the clock theory. The remaining papers deal with regulatory mechanisms: checkpoints within the cell cycle which impose dependency on cell cycle events thereby maintaining a particular temporal order, and the universal mitotic trigger which ultimately controls patterns of cell division during development. (gsb)

EA10. Miscellaneous

90:2425 Payette, Serge et al., 1989. Reconstruction of tree-line

vegetation response to long-term climate chan~e. Nature, Lond, 341(6241):429-432. Ctr. d'Etudes Nordiques, Univ. Laval, Sainte-Foy, PQ GIK 7P4, Canada.

90:2426 Venkatesan, M.I. and C.A. Santiago, 1989. Sterols in

ocean sediments: novel tracers to examine habitats of cetaceans, pinnipeds, penguins and humans. Mar. Biol, 102(4):431.437."

Capillary GC and GC/MS of cetacean, pinniped and penguin feces (collected from Monterey Bay, off California or from Sea World, San Diego, Cali- fornia) indicate that the unusual sterol profile in Antarctic sediments, with epicoprostanol predom- inating over coprostanol, originates from baleen whales (blue and fin). This is the first geochemical evidence of a recognizable native mammalian contribution to ocean carbon flux. The results also illustrate how the marine mammal contribution can be delineated from human impact in coastal regions. The relative distribution of the two isomers in sediments deposited during preanthropogenic periods could help evaluate historical migratory routes and habitats of cetaceans, pinnipeds and penguins. Inst. of Geophys. and Planetary Phys., Univ. of California, Los Angeles, CA 90024, USA.

F. GENERAL

F10. Apparatus, methods, mathematics (multidisciplinary)

90:2427 Alabert, F. and J.L. Mallet, 1989. A local grid

updating scheme for interpolation. Computers, Geosciences, 15(6):1019-1023. AES Dept., Stan- ford Univ., Stanford, CA 94305, USA.

90:2428 Amin, M.G., 1987. A new approach to recursive

Fourier transform. Proc. IEEE, 75(11):1537- 1538. Dept. of Elect. Engng, Viilanova Univ., Viilanova, PA 19085, USA.

90:2429 Auslander, Louis and F.A. Grllnbaum, 1989. The

Fourier transform and the discrete Fourier transform. Inverse Problems, 5(2):149-164. Ctr. for Large Scale Computation, CUNY, New York, NY 10036, USA.

90:2430 Babu,gka, I. and J.E. Osborn, 1989. Finite element-

Galertkin approximation of the eigenvalues and eigenvectors of seHadjoint problems. Math. Com- putation, 52(186):275-297. Inst. for Phys. Sci. and Tech., Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA.

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