Atoms and Elements All things are made up of Elements All
elements are made up of Atoms Atoms have 3 parts Protons positive
charge Neutrons no charge (neutral) Electrons negative charge Atom
= Smallest Unique particle Protons, Neutrons, Electrons
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The Periodic Table There are only 90 elements that occur
naturally Of the 90, only 25 are essential to life Of these, only 4
make up 96% of the mass of a human: C, H, O, N
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Atoms are not lonely! Ionic covalent When two atoms are held
together, they form a bond If they are held together like magnets
with positive and negative charges they are held together by an
IONIC bond. This is the strongest bond! When the atoms share their
electrons, a COVALENT bond is formed.
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Homework Quiz 1.What are polymers and what are they made of?
2.Why is carbon good at forming polymers? 3.What are proteins made
of? 4.What is the function of lipids?
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Why is this Important? Carbon is special! It can form 4
covalent bonds (it can share 4 electrons) with other
molecules.
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Carbon can Share in a variety of ways. Single bonds are formed
when atoms share 1 electron Double bonds form with atoms share 2
electrons Triple bonds form when atoms share 3 electrons
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Long and Big Molecules Can be made!
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Polymers Polymers are large molecules containing many monomers
Monomer a single unit of a polymer
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How are Polymers Made? Dehydration Synthesis Removing water to
make something
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How are Polymers Broken? Polymers are broken by Hyrolysis
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Organic Molecules Definition: Organic have Carbon (C) Hydrogen
(H) Oxygen (O) And sometimes (N)
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Types of organic Material Proteins Lipids Starch Nucleic
Acids
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Organic Molecules are Polymers Polymer A long chain of
monomers
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Polymers Large Molecules made of smaller molecules called
monomers Ex. Carbohydrates, Proteins, Nucleic Acids How do I build
a polymer? How do I break a polymer down?
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Carbohydrates Monosaccharides: formula in a multiple of CH 2 O
are in the form of rings. Examples: Glucose, Fructose;
Disaccharide: two monosacchardes joined by glycosidic linkage.
Examples: sucrose, maltose; lactose Polysaccharides: hundreds to
thousands of monosaccharides joined together Ex. Glycogen, Starch,
cellulose, and chitin
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Cellulose
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Lipids (fats) Triglycerides Saturated all single bonds From
animal fat; butter Unsaturated some double bonds From plant oils;
peanut and olive oil These store the largest amount of energy!!
Phospholipids Phosphate head with fatty acid tail Used in Cell
membranes to let things in and out
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Triglyceride Formation
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Phospholipids
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Functions of Proteins Structural Support Transport Storage
Signaling Movement Defense Regulation (our enzymes fall here)
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Protein a polymer of Amino Acids
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Nucleic Acids These make up DNA and RNA These store the
information need to make all of the proteins in your body