Stone Bridge High School Science Department

Honors Biology

Biology Final Exam

Review Questions

Name: _______________

Period: _______________

Date: June,2015

Honors Biology Final Exam Review Questions Mr. Luis A. Velázquez

Spring 2015

Answer the following questions

1. When is energy released from ATP?

2. What are the overall reactions for photosynthesis?

3. Mention all the stages of cellular respiration?

4. Cellular respiration uses one molecule of glucose to produce how many ATP’s?

5. What is the equation for cellular respiration?

6. Which type of respiration requires oxygen ?

7. Where in the cell does the process of photosynthesis takes place?

8. Where does the process of cellular respiration happen ?

9. Where does lactic acid fermentation occur inside the cell?

10. What is a mutation?

11. Which scientist(s) came up with the model of DNA?

12. Which scientist(s) used bacteriophages to show DNA is molecule of heredity?

13. Which scientist(s) discovered the shape of DNA through x-ray crystallography?

14. Which scientist(s) used mice to see how bacteria caused disease and discovered instead that some

"factor" changed harmless bacteria into deadly bacteria?

15. What is produced during transcription?

16. What is the mRNA strand matched to the following DNA strand?

GTCCATTCGTA

17. What is a nucleotide?

18. Where does the process of transcription take place?

19. Where does protein synthesis take place?

20. What are the three types of RNA?

21. What is the function of the tRNA’s?

22. Which process has the instructions for making proteins (“recipe”)?

23. What holds together the nitrogen bases in the DNA?

24. What type of chromosomal mutation occurs when a piece breaks off and is lost?

25. What type of chromosomal mutation occurs when a piece breaks off and attaches to another

chromosome?

26. What is a homozygous individual?

27. What is a heterozygous individual?

28. How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose

genotype was Ffdd?

29. Variation in human height is a result of

a. incomplete dominance c. polygenic traits

b. codominance d. multiple alleles

30. What percentage will be white?

31. What percentage will be red?

Show your work WW = White

RW = Pink

RR = Red

Cross a white with a Pink flower

32. What percentage of the offspring will be hemophilic?

33. The failure of chromosomes to separate during meiosis is called nondisjunction. True or False

34. What is crossing over?

35. Unlike mitosis, meiosis results in the formation of what?

36. What is the process that makes gametes?

37. Where is DNA located in eukaryotes?

38. Mention three differences between DNA and RNA?

39. Name the sugar of DNA and RNA.

Use the following key to answer

XNX

N = normal female

XNX

n = carrier female

XnX

n = hemophilia female

XNY = normal male

XnY = hemophilia male

Cross: Carrier female with a normal male

Cross a carrier female with a colorblind male

Show your work

Codon Wheel

40. According to the Codon Wheel above, how many codons mean “stop?

41. How many codons are needed to specify seven amino acids?

42. What are the two names of chromosomes?

43. What is trisomy?

44. Which combinations of sex chromosomes represent a female?

Describe Karyotype Q-1 and Q-2

Q-1 Q-2

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

_______________________________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________________________

Explain these symbols

Explain these two Pedigrees 1. 2.

45. The Karyotyping of a patient showed sex chromosomes XXY. This is indicative of what condition?

Mention two vestigial, analogous and homologous structures:

Analogous Homologous Vestigial

_________________ ___________________ __________________

_________________ ___________________ __________________

46. Explain Lamarck’s theory of evolution.

47. What is evolution?

48. What are fossils?

49. All the alleles, of all genes in a population are known as________________.

Graph A __________________________________________________________

Graph B __________________________________________________________

Graph C ___________________________________________________________

Femur

Pelvis

50. What is the difference between artificial and natural selection?

51. What might result in one species of plant having flowers that open midday and another species of plant with flowers that open late in the day?

52. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involoved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur bones are present in reduced form. What type of evolution this shows? 53. Fish and dolphins have similar streamlined shapes, but are not closely related. Why?

54. When lions prey on a herd of antelope, some antelope are killed and some escape. Which concept of Darwin’s natural selection might be used to describe this situation? 55. What is adaptive radiation? Mention one example.

56. The type of genetic drift that follows the colonization of a new habitat by a small group of individuals is

called the founder effect.

True or False

57. Gould’s theory, which shows the evolutionary model that is

shown in the graph, characterized by long periods of no change

with sudden, abrupt change, is gradualism.

True or False

58. What is a decomposer?

59. What is the difference between a 1st order consumer and a 2

nd order consumer?

60. Describe and explain what the graph below is showing?

61. Which organism is considered a producer in the food chain above?

62. Which organism is considered a third order consumer in the food chain above?

63. What is the process by which bacteria converts’ nitrogen gas in the air to ammonia?

64. How much energy is lost in the environment?

65. Which level of the following numbers in the biomass pyramid has the most biomass?

66. Which level of the following numbers of the pyramid has the least biomass?

67. Which level of the following numbers of the pyramid are the producers?

68. Primary succession can begin when there is_______________.

69. What kind of cells are the body cells?

70. What are haploid cells?

71. What are diploid cells?

72. What is the symbol for haploid?

73. What is the symbol for diploid?

74. Identify Flower structures A.___________________________________________

B.___________________________________________

C.___________________________________________

D.___________________________________________

E.___________________________________________

F.___________________________________________

G.___________________________________________

H.___________________________________________

75. Identify Eye structures

1. __________________________

2.___________________________

3.___________________________

4.___________________________

5.___________________________

6.___________________________

7.___________________________

8.___________________________

76. What is the common name for angiosperms?

77. What type of plants are monocot and dicots? Gymnosperms or Angiosperms. How do you know?

78. ____Type of symbiosis where both organisms benefit.

79. ____Type of symbiosis where the host is affected.

80. ____ Type of symbiosis where only one organism benefits.

81.____ Ticks and tape worms are examples of?

82. ____ Lichen is an example of?

Structure Dicots Monocots

Leaves Branching veins Parallel veins

Flowers Parts in multiples of 4 or 5

Parts in multiples of 3

Vascular bundles in stems

Arranged in a ring Scattered throughout

stem

Roots Taproot Fibrous

Seeds Two seed leaf One seed leaves