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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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The organs of the urinary system include the following:-(a) kidneys(b) ureters(c) bladder(d) urethra
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
kidney ~ kidney ~ You have two kidneys in your body. They are located towards your back, near your waist. Your kidneys are the site of urine formation.
kidney ~ kidney ~ You have two kidneys in your body. They are located towards your back, near your waist. Your kidneys are the site of urine formation.
UretersUreters ~ These are muscular tubes which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
UretersUreters ~ These are muscular tubes which transport urine from the kidneys to the bladder.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
BladderBladder ~ ~ This is a hollow muscular structure which stores urine. It is capable of great distention and can contract with considerable force.
BladderBladder ~ ~ This is a hollow muscular structure which stores urine. It is capable of great distention and can contract with considerable force.
UrethraUrethra ~ ~ This is a muscular tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside.
UrethraUrethra ~ ~ This is a muscular tube that transports urine from the bladder to the outside.
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v
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the organs in a human urinary system
Label the organs in ahuman urinary system
4.4.
3.3.
2.2.
1.1.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the organs in a human urinary system
Label the organs in ahuman urinary system
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra4.4.
3.3.
2.2.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the organs in a human urinary system
Label the organs in ahuman urinary system
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra4.4.
3.3.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the organs in a human urinary system
Label the organs in ahuman urinary system
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra4.4.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the organs in a human urinary system
Label the organs in ahuman urinary system
Bladder
Kidney
Ureter
Urethra
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1. help to regulate the balance of water and salts in the body
by excreting more or less salt and increasing the intake or loss of water.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
The functions of the kidneys are:-
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2. regulate osmotic pressure
and ionic levels in the blood.
3. excrete waste products.
4. regulate of blood pH.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter1.1.
4.4.
5.5.
2.2.
3.3.
6.6.
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The kidney has 2 internal layers.
a)renal cortex ~ an outer light-red region
b)renal medulla ~ an inner darker red-brown region
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
The structure of a kidney
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supplies oxygenated blood and nutrients to the kidney.
carries away filtered blood to the body.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
renal artery
renal vein
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
renal pelvis
urine formed in the kidney drains into the renal pelvis
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
4.4.
5.5.
2.2.
3.3.
6.6.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
4.4.
5.5.
3.3.
6.6.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
4.4.
5.5.6.6.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
5.5.6.6.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
6.6.
20
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a kidney
Renal pelvisMedulla
Cortex
Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter
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The functional unit of the kidney is called the nephron. Each human kidney consists of about one million nephrons. A nephron consists of three major parts-
a) the glomerulus
b) Bowman’s capsule c) the distal convoluted tubule.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
The Nephron
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
- within the kidney, each nephron is supplied with blood by an afferent arteriole which is a branch of the renal artery.
- each afferent arteriole divides further into a tangled capillary network called the glomerulus.
(a) The glomerulus
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
The capillaries of the glomerulus reunite to from an efferent arteriole.
Each efferent arteriole divides to
from a network of blood capillaries surrounding the kidney tubules.
These blood capillaries are called peritubular capillaries which eventually reunite into the renal vein.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Afferent arteriole
To bladder and external
environment
Efferent arteriole
Peritubular capillariesTo renal vein
Tubule
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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- The Bowman’s capsule is made up of two
layers of cells that surround the glomerulus.
- The space between the two layer of cells is
called the capsular space.
(b)Bowman’s capsule
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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The cells that make up the inner wall of the
Bowman’s capsule are called podocytes.
The podocytes adhere closely to the
endothelial cells of the glomerulus.
T.
The renal tubule is made up of the a) proximal convoluted tubule
b) the loop of Henle
c) the distal convoluted tubule
The distal convoluted tubules of several nephrons join to a common collecting duct.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Bowman’s capsule
Blood from renal artery Loop of Henle
Blood to renal vein
Collecting duct
Glomerulus Tubule
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus Renal tubule
Loop of Henle Collecting
tubule5.5.
4.4.3.3.
2.2.
1.1.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus Renal tubule
Loop of Henle Collecting
tubule5.5.
4.4.3.3.
2.2.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus Renal tubule
Loop of Henle Collecting
tubule5.5.
4.4.3.3.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus Renal tubule
Loop of Henle Collecting
tubule5.5.
4.4.
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus Renal tubule
Loop of Henle Collecting
tubule5.5.
34
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Label the structure of a nephron
Bowman’s capsule
Glomerulus Renal tubule
Loop of Henle Collecting
tubule
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The kidneys excrete waste through urine. The kidney filter blood and produce urine which exits the body through the :-
a)ureters
b) urinary bladder
c) urethra.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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All these structures are found in both males and females. However, the urethra exits through the penis in males and through the vulva in females.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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Urine is a fluid which consists
of water, urea and other
dissolved wastes, and
some excess nutrients.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
What is urine?
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BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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The formation of urine involves 3 stages:-
a. ultrafiltrationb. reabsorpton c. secretion
The formation of urine
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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Blood containing urea and other waste products are brought
into kidneys via the renal arteries. Filtration occurs across the
glomerular walls.
(a) Ultrafiltration
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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Selective reabsorption takes place when substances move across the walls of the renal tubule into the capillary network.It occurs at the
proximal convoluted tubule.
(b) Reabsorption
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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substances are actively secreted from the blood into the nephron
tubule. Hydrogen ion, potassium, ammonia, creatine and certain
drugs.
(c) Secretion
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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is the elimination of urine from the bladder. Once a sufficient
quantity of urine has accumulated in the bladder, the stretch receptors
located in the bladder wall will become activated.
Urination
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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The internal sphincter in the urethra must be relaxed by
conscious thought before the urine can pass from the body.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Clean Blood
Renal vein
Ureter
Nephron
Tubule
Renal artery
Blood with waste products
Waste products (urine) to the bladder
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1 (a) Draw and label the functional unit of the kidney. (i) In your diagram, outline the arteriole from the renal artery red to show that it carries oxygenated blood.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
Exercise
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(ii) Outline the branch of the renal vein blue to show that it carries deoxygenated blood.(iii) Outline the capillaries intertwine the loop of Henle purple to show that they carry a mixture of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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(iv) Using red, blue and purple arrows, trace the direction of oxygenatedand deoxygenated blood flow through the unit.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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(v) Using yellow arrows, trace the direction of filtrate as it flows through the unit beginning at the glomerulus.
BIOLOGY FORM 5 : CHAPTER 3 COORDINATION AND RESPONSE
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The End. Thank you...
MysLkc2009@smk aminuddin baki chemor.
The End. Thank you...
MysLkc2009@smk aminuddin baki chemor.