TR.VOCAB.3A GENETICS UNIT VOCABULARY CHART Word Definition Visual/Mnemonic Related Words 1. adenine Nitrogen base, pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA (pages 144, 156). 2. allele One or more alternate forms of a gene Example: P = Dominant (purple); p = recessive (white) (pgs. 120-121). 3. heredity The passing of genetic traits from one parent to offspring (pg. 114). 4. probability The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event (pg. 122). 5. chromosome Compact structure of tightly coiled DNA within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next. Humans have 46 chromosomes; 23 pairs (pg. 149). 2009 155 Biology Reteaching Resource
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TR.VOCAB.3AGENETICS UNIT VOCABULARY CHART
Word Definition Visual/Mnemonic Related Words
1. adenine Nitrogen base, pairs with thymine in DNA and uracil in RNA (pages 144, 156).
2. allele One or more alternate forms of a geneExample: P = Dominant (purple); p = recessive (white) (pgs. 120-121).
3. heredity The passing of genetic traits from one parent to offspring (pg. 114).
4. probability The likelihood that a possible future event will occur in any given instance of the event (pg. 122).
5. chromosome Compact structure of tightly coiled DNA within the nucleus containing the genetic information that is passed from one generation of cells to the next.Humans have 46 chromosomes; 23 pairs (pg. 149).
2009 155 Biology Reteaching Resource
TR.VOCAB.3AGENETICS UNIT VOCABULARY CHART
6. clone Genetically identical organism: a plant, animal, or other organism that is genetically identical to its parent (pg. 154).
7. cloning The creation of an organism that is an exact genetic copy of another.
8. cytosine Nitrogen base, pairs with guanine, in both DNA and RNA (pgs. 144, 156).
9. DNA - Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
A nucleic acid molecule in the form double helix that is the major component of chromosomes and carries genetic information (pgs. 144-155).
2009 156 Biology Reteaching Resource
TR.VOCAB.3AGENETICS UNIT VOCABULARY CHART
10. dominant A trait that will appear in the offspring if one of the parents contributes it (pgs. 121, 124).
11. gene Sequence of DNA that codes for a protein and thus determines a trait (pgs. 120, 124-125, 127, 140, 148, 150-153).
12. genetic engineering
Process of making changes in the DNA code of living organisms. Examples: cloning, genetic recombination, gene splicing (pg. 154).
13. genotype Genetic make up of an organismExample: DD – homozygous dominant genotype; Dd – heterozygous genotype; dd – homozygous recessive genotype (pgs. 121, 124-125).
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14. guanine Nitrogen base, pairs with cytosine, in both DNA and RNA (pgs. 144, 156).
15. heterozygous Refers to an organism that has two different alleles for the same trait. Example: Aa
16. homozygous Refers to an organism that has two identical alleles for a particular trait.Example: AA or aa
17. mitosis A process of cell division that forms two new nuclei,
each of which has the same number of chromosomes (pg. 99).
18. meiosis Process by which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half to make haploid gametes (pgs. 126-133).
19. mutation Change in a DNA sequence that affects genetic information. Leads to genetic variation. Includes: deletion, insertion, substitution (pg. 152).
20. nucleotide Monomer of a nucleic acid. Composed of a sugar, a phosphate and a base (ACTG) (pgs. 144-145, 149, 156-157).
21. phenotype Physical characteristics of an organism (pg. 120).
22. Punnett square Diagram showing the possible gene combinations of a genetic cross (pg. 122).
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23. ratio Proportional relationship of two numbers or things being measured (pg. 118).
3:1 Ratio of dominant (purple) to recessive (white) phenotypes
24. recessive Describes an allele that is not expressed in heterozygous individuals. Must have two recessive alleles in order for the gene to be expressed (pgs. 117-118, 121).
25. RNA – Ribonucleic Acid
A nucleic acid composed of a long, usually single-stranded chain of nucleotide units that contain the sugar ribose and the base uracil (pg. 150).mRNA – messenger RNAtRNA – transfer RNArRNA – ribosomal RNA
2009 160 Biology Reteaching Resource
TR.VOCAB.3AGENETICS UNIT VOCABULARY CHART
26. sex-linked gene Gene located on the X chromosome. Males tend to inherit sex-linked traits, such as color blindness, more often than females because they only have one X chromosome
29. traits A genetically determined characteristic (pg. 176).
30. thymine Nitrogen base, pairs with adenine, in DNA only (pgs. 144, 156).
31. uracil Nitrogen base, pairs with adenine, in RNA only (pgs. 144, 156).
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