Biology TodayThird Edition

Chapter 15

Mind and Body

Copyright © 2004 by Garland Science

Eli Minkoff • Pam Baker

Health

What is it?

systems in balance(homeostasis)

Health

Factors affecting health

geneticslifestyledietexposure

Health

psychoneuroimmunology

mind nerves immune

Immune system

innate

the body can protect itself from invasion

skin in a barrier

Immune system

innate

the body responds to damage- inflammation

hot, red, swollen, sore

fig. 15-1

fig. 15-3

Figure 15.2

Filarial worm

gets into body

blocks lymphatics

fluid accumulates.

Elephantiasis

Vertebrates

have a second immune system

specific immunity

specific immunity

protects us against future exposure to some diseases

antigens

(foreign) molecules that can be detected by the immune system

parts of bacteria, viruses, cancer cells,…

Figure 15.1

lymphocytes

B-cells

T-cells

make antibodies

various kinds

B-cells

antibodies

proteinsbind to antigenshelp kill cells or

signal destruction

each B cell can make only one antibody

B-cells

can recognize moleculesdistinguish self from

nonselfremembers exposure

BT3, pg. 548

Figure 15.4b

Figure 15.4c

Figure 15.4d

Figure 15.4e

T-cells

various kinds

Tc-cells cytotoxicTh-cells helperTs-cells supressorTm-cells memory

CD4+

CD8+

Figure 15.4a

Memory

Once exposed to an antigen, the body has cells that remember

Memory

announcements

Blood drive (10 pts)

Dec 3-6 (M-Th)12:30 to 6:30Jones Conference Room

0 1 2 3 4

t1/2 = ?1/2 hr

0 1 2 3 4

*

** *

t1/2 = 1 hr ?

0 1 2 3 4

*

*

**

Figure 15.5

When you make antibodies:

active immunity

exposure to diseasevaccination

When you acquire antibodies:

passive immunity

newbornsnakebite

(antibodies from someone else)

Figure 15.6

Active immunityvs.

Passive immunity

Abnormal immune system

Autoimmunity(self immunity)

multiple sclerosis (MS)IDDM…

Abnormal immune system

Allergies

allergens (antigens)mast cells and IgEhistamine

Figure 15.7

Abnormal immune system

Transplant disease

match tissue(perfect match is rare)

suppress immune system

Immunosuppression

inhibition of immune system

drugs (transplant)overnutritionprotein undernourishmentinfant undernourishmentmicronutrientsdiseases (AIDS - Th cells)

Link between immune system and nervous system

Autonomic nervous system(self-regulating)

Regulates body functionsNot consciousTwo divisions

sympathetic, parasympathetic

Figure 15.8 normal resting activity

flight or

fight

str

essFight/flight response

first step in a series of physiological responses

nervous systemimmune systemendocrine system

fig. 15-9

nervous systemimmune systemendocrine system

linked

Evidence

Shared signaling molecules(cytokines)

Nerve ending in immune organs

Placebo effect

Control to experimental group

new pillpain killer + sugar

control pillsugar only

reducepain?

Figure 15.11

The mind is connected to our immune system and our endocrine system, which can, in turn affect our health (balance).