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BIOMASS

FUELLED POWER

PLANTS

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OUTLINES

Introduction

Biomass and its sources

Biomass power plant and its working

Biomass power generation modes Social benefits

Economic viability

Prospective segments & challenges

Conclusions

References

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INTRODUCTI

ONEnough Biomass

resources in the

world to cover theworlds energy

demand.

Using Biomasssources for power

generation is CO2

neutral.

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WHAT IS BIOMASS ?

Biomass is a renewable energy source that isderived from living or recently living organisms.

It is produced by metabolic activities of

biological systems (plants and animals) and/orproducts of their decomposition or conversion

The chemical and energetic value of thosematerials is based on the carbon-carbon and

carbon-hydrogen bond Biomass suitable for utilization must have a net

heating value

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SOURCES OF BIOMASS

Comes from the

forest

Can also comefrom plant and

animal waste

Wood and waste

can be found

virtually anywhere

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OVERVIEW

Biomass can be chemically and biochemically

treated to convert it to a energy-rich fuel.

Thermal energy is extracted by means of

combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification.

Energy derived from biomass is mostly used to

generate electricity or to produce heat.

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KEY COMPONENTS OF

BIOMASS POWER PLANT

Fuel storage and handling equipment

Combustor / furnace

Boiler

Pumps

Fans

Steam turbine

Generator

Condenser

Cooling tower Exhaust / emissions controls

System controls (automated).

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HOW IS ELECTRICITY GENERATED FROM

BIOMASS

HOW DOES BIOMASS

POWERPLANT WORK

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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

MODES

Different types of biomass power

generation modes are

Combustion

Gasification combustion

Mixed burning

Gasification mixed burning

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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

MODES

COMBUSTION Biomass burned directly in boiler to produce steam to generate

electricity

Main advantage Mature technology

Low running cost

Simple biomass pretreatment

Disadvantage Low efficiency at small scale

single biomass fuel

large investment

Application Large scale power generation

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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

MODE

GASIFICATION COMBUSTION

solid biomass breaks down to form a flammable

gas.

Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned ingas turbine or engine

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Gasification

Advantage

High efficiency at small scale

Flexible in capacity

Low investment

Disadvantage

Complex equipment

High maintenance cost

Applications Medium and small system

Combined cycles , which combine gas turbines and steamturbines to produce electricity

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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

MODE

MIXED BURNING

Biomass mixed with coal and burned in boiler

Main advantage

Simple and convenient operation Least investment if no reconstruction of existing

device

Main disadvantage

Strict biomass pretreatment and quality Some impact on original system.

Application

Suitable for timber biomass.

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BIOMASS POWER GENERATION

MODES

Gasificationmixed burning Biomass gasified first and then fuel gas burned with coal in

boiler

Main advantage

Universal application

Low impact on original coal-fired system

Economic benefit

Main disadvantage

Complex management

Certain metal erosion problem

Application

Power generation system for mass biomass.

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VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND

OPTIONS AVAILABLE

Biomass liquefaction via pyrolysisA process similar to Gasification

Heating of Hydrocarbons in zero oxygen condition

Condenses the vapors to obtain Bio-oil (pyrolysis oil) Bio-oil is easily transportable, store and handle

Can be combusted in boiler for heat or electrical

generation

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VARIOUS TECHNIQUES AND

OPTIONS AVAILABLE

Organic plant based oil(crude palm oil-CPO)

Generation of electricity using CPO.

Biogas anaerobic digestion.

a type of fermentation that converts organicmaterial into biogas.

it mainly consists of methane (approximately60%) and carbon dioxide(approximately 40%).

Power generation using scrubbed methane gas.

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SOCIAL BENEFITS OF BIOMASS

POWER GENERATION

Biomass power generates electricity that is:

reliable,

domestically produced,

economically competitive and

environmentally sustainable.

Since biomass energy uses domestically-produced fuels, biomass power:

greatly reduces our dependence on foreign energysources,

increases our national security and

provides greater fuel diversity.

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ECONOMIC BENEFITS

Minimizes cost involved with waste disposal

Can generate money for community

It provide job opportunity in rural areas

Power from biomass gasifier based plants are

cheap in rural areas

Overall cost of installation, running,

transmission, labor etc. per unit cost ofelectricity is low.

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PROSPECTIVE SEGMENTS &

CHALLENGES

Biomass Combustion power plant is attractive to: Industrial Factories owners

Plantation/Mill owners Sugar cane (Bagasse)

Rice (Rice Husks)

Wood/Paper (Wood Wastes) Corn (Corn Wastes)

Palm Oil (Empty Fruit Bunches, Shells)

Cassava (Roots, Stems)

Able to supply both Electricity and Heat (steam) for

factory use Main challenges:

securing the long term supply of Biomass fuel source at stable prices

selling price of electricity, if connected to the grid to sell electricity

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CONCLUSIONS

Uses low cost waste materials

Recycling waste materials can be a solution to the

problems with disposing of waste products

Reduced dependence on foreign oil

Biomass plants operate in a reliable and

consistent manner providing crucial base load

power generation.

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REFERENCES

Biomass power generation modes.

http://www.V-FLO.com

B H KHAN, Non-conventional energy resources ,3RD edition, pub. year 2006

Biomass energywww.amrenewables.com

Pyrolysis and Other Thermal Processing. [U.S.Department of Energy - Energy Efficiency and

Renewable Energy Biomass Program]http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.html

http://www.v-flo.com/http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/printable_versions/pyrolysis.htmlhttp://www.v-flo.com/http://www.v-flo.com/http://www.v-flo.com/

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