UNESCO 6TH AFRICA ENGINEERING WEEK AND 4TH AFRICA ENGINEERING CONFERENCE 15th – 21st September, 2019

Biomass - Solar PV Micro Hybrid Power Plants for Energy in Zambia

PRESENTER : Likonge Makai Mulenga

DATE : 18th September, 2019

Avani Victoria Falls Resort, Livingstone, Zambia

PRESENTATION OUTLINE

1

1. INTRODUCTION

2. PROBLEM STATEMENT

3. MOTIVATION

4. LITERATURE REVIEW

5. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

6. CONCLUSIONS

7. RECOMMENDATIONS

8. REFERENCES

81%

11%

7%

1%

0%

Primary Energy Sources

Biomass

Hydro

Crude oil

Petroleum products

Electricity exports,coal and pits

70%

19%

7%

2%

2%

Hydro Energy Consumption by Sector

mining

Household

Government

Commercial andIndustry

Zambia 12.8 million

Sub-Saharan Africa 696 million

World – 2.6 billion mainly to

developing countries

• Over 80% of Zambia’s population have no access to Electricity

• 81% of energy consumption in Zambia is from biomass in traditional way (Domestic use)

Making deforestation and high costs of charcoal a concern

INTRODUCTION

• Burning wood fuel releases pollutants that have health and environmental

impact

Global deaths – 1.6 billon yearly Sub

Saharan Africa – 400 million deaths/year

(Department of Energy MEWD and ENERGIA, INGSE, 2012), SOURCE: IEA, World Energy Outlook 2012)Energy report (ESR) 2015

Introduction Cont…….Use of Traditional Biomass Energy

Deforestation and environmental degradation -

erosion, pollution, loss of forest

resources

Vulnerability to climate change

impacts droughts, floods,

unpredictable weather,

decreased yields

POVERTY

wood fuel (charcoal and

firewood) utilization

PROBLEM STATEMENT

5

How will biomass-solar micro

hybrid power plants help

development of a sustainable and

economical mechanism to mitigate

high energy deficit leveraging

agricultural and technology in rural

communities of Zambia

MOTIVATION

6

• Increase energy mix and supply in the country

• Sustainable energy development ( More use of renewables, energy efficiency)

• Vision 2030

• Reduce poverty

• Mitigation of climate change

• Rural electrification energy access increase to meet National Energy Strategy

2008-2030 plan

LITERATURE REVIEW

1.8KW Energy Kiosk in Filibaba Chingola Zambia –

Sep 2015

2.56KW energy kiosk in Munyama, Siavonga

Zambia - Aug 2017

Options of Energy

Particulars Solar Power Biogas Mini - Hydro

Power

Fuel Power Nuclear Power

Initial cost low Low High Lowest Highest

Running cost high Low Low Highest Least

Reserves Day time only Permanent Permanent Limited Abundant

Cleanliness High High High Lowest Low

Simplicity Complex Simple Simplest Complex Most Complex

Reliability Low High High Low High

8

• Solar is beneficial at small scales to meet households immediate needs

• Biogas to supplement on other needs such us cooking, heating and scaling up

power demand

Why Micro Hybrid Biomass – Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants

Solar power

• Solar power to be used for lighting, entertainment, and refrigerator, hammer mill,sawmill and water pumping during daytime

• It is income generating like solar irrigation, barbershops, hair salons, cooling andothers

• Day load also work as cost reduction potential

Biomass

• Biomass will be used to produce biogas that will in return produce electricity to beused during the night and when solar power is low

• Effluent from the plant will be used as fertilizer

• Part of the methane (biogas) will be used for cooking this will help to reducepollution and time spent to fetch fuel wood.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

• Solar PV micro power plant alone does not meet consumer energy demand and

is not affordable.

• Biomass-solar micro hybrid power plants are reliable and give optimum power

requirements

• The inclusion of biomass generator will reduce solar PV modules requirement to

meet the ratings

• there will be no interruption of power supply during the rain and cold season.

• The solution would help to meet power demand during peak hours.

CONCLUSION

• Zambia rapid population increase

• Rural access to electricity still very low in Zambia

• Access to clean energy will eliminate poverty

• Energy is in line with 17 Sustainable development goals

• Solar and biomass are solution for developing countries like Zambia

RECOMMENDATION

12

• Government to support research and developments in learning institutions

• Government to subsidize renewable energy products

• Community innovation

• Community participation

• Government to support private sector participation in renewable energy participation

• Awareness and capacity building

• Zambian policy need to create programs for developing renewable energy

technologies

1. N. Suresha, N. Thirumalaib and S. Dasappaa, "Modeling and analysis of solar thermal and biomass hybrid power plants," Applied Thermal

Engineering, vol. 160, no. 2019, p. 114121, 2019

2. J. Gautam, I. M. Ahmed and P. Kumar, "Otimization and comparative analysis of solar-biomass hybrid power generation system using Homer," in

Internation Conference on Intelligent Circuits and Systems, Phagwara, 2018.

3. P. Greg, "Techno-economic comparison of the levelised cost of electricity generation from solar PV and battery storage with solar PV andcombustion of bio-crude using fast pyrolysis of biomass," Energy Conversion and Management, vol. 171, no. 2018, pp. 1573-1588, 2018.

4. L. Marte, A. J. Suul, T. Elisabetta and M. Molinas, "A study of biomass in a hybrid stand alone micro grid for the rural village of Wawashang,

Nicaragua.," Nicaragua, 2014.

5. M. B. Neto, P. Carvalho, J. Carioca and F. Canafistula, "Biogas/photovoltaic hybrid power system for decentralized energy supply of rural areas,"

Energy Policy, vol. 38, no. 8, pp. 4497-4506, August 2010, .

6. L. Makai and M. Molinas, "Biogas-An Alternative Household Cooking Technique for Zambia," in IEEE GHTC 2013, California, 2013.

7. GET.invest, "GET.invest," 2018. [Online]. Available: http://www.get-invest.eu/fr/zambia/energy/sector. [Accessed 27 8 2019]

8. L. Makai and D. S. Chowdhury, "Energy Solution of Zambia from Micro Hybrid Biomass-Solar Photovoltaic Power Plants," in AFRICON 2017,

Cape Town, 2017

9. Louie, H. et al., 2015. Design of an off-grid energy kiosk in rural Zambia.. Seattle, IEEE GHTC 2015.

10. Department of energy MEWD and ENERGIA, INGSE, 2012. Zambia Gender and Energy Mainstreaming Strategy 2011-2013: Concept Note for

input to CSO on gender disaggregation of energy data, Lusaka: MEWD and ENERGIA

11. Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 2013. The World Factbook, USA Gov. [Online]

Available at: http://www.cia.gov/library/puplications/the world factbook/goes/Za.html

12. Department of energy MEWD and ENERGIA, INGSE, 2012. Zambia Gender and Energy Mainstreaming Strategy 2011-2013: Concept Note for

input to CSO on gender disaggregation of energy data, Lusaka: MEWD and ENERGIA

13. PASA, 2007. Biogas for a better life an alternative - Summary report on the findings of the feasibility of a National household biogas

commercialization and promotion programme in Zambia., Harare: Hivos.

14. SNV; Khatiwada, E, 2012. The network from the frontline, Editorial - Biogas Technology is the best alternative energy source for Zambia; findings

from the biogas feasibility study.. [Online] Available at: http://www.snvworld.org/sites/files/publications/snvzambia_thenetwork_issue1.pdf.

[Accessed 29 December 2012].

15. Tucho, T. G. & Nonhebel, S., 2017. Alternative energy supply system to a rural village in Ethopia, Jimma: Enegy, Sustainability and Society.

REFERENCES

• IEEE Smart Village

• Kilowatt for Humanity

• Crop2kwh

• We share the power

• Tshwane University of Technology

Appreciation

Thank You for Your Attention.

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