Biomaterials and its

applications

Presented by:- Mohan Agrawal Department of Biotechnology G.IET,Gunupur Roll no.11Bt 002.

Definition Characteristics of biomaterials. Examples of biomaterials. Some applications of synthetic materials and

modified natural materials in medicine. Materials used in body. Properties of biomaterials.

outline

Biomaterials: The material that are biocompatibility with the living tissues of

our body or to adjust with the tissue of biology. OR A non-viable material used in medical device, intended to

interact with biological system.

Biocompatibility: Physiological State of mutual co-existence between a

biomaterial and the environment such as neither has an undesirable effect on the other.

OR It also means that materials described display good or

harmonious behavior in contact with tissue & body fluid.

Definition

Bioinert: No host response to the material.

Bio functionality: Playing a specific function in physical and

mechanical terms.

Characteristics of biomaterials

Physical requirements . Hard materials. Flexible materials.

Chemical requirements

Must not react with any tissue in the body. Must be non-toxic to the body. Long term replacement must not be biodegradable.

Heart valve

Examples of biomaterial applications

dental implants

hip replacements

Intra ocular lenses

Artificial tissue

vascular grafts

Organ/Tissue Examples

heart pacemaker, artificial valve, artificial heart

eye contact lens, intraocular lens

ear artificial stapes, cochlea implant

bone bone plate, intramedullary rod, joint

prosthesis, bone cement, bone defect

repair

kidney dialysis machine

bladder catheter and stent

muscle sutures, muscle stimulator

circulation artificial blood vessels

skin burn dressings, artificial skin

endocrine encapsulated pancreatic islet cells

Mechanical properties Thermal properties Optical properties Electrical properties Surface properties

Properties of biomaterials

Mechanical properties include those characteristics of material that describe the behavior under the action of external force.

Mechanical properties can be determined by conducting experimental test on the material specimen.

Mechanical properties determine the behavior of engineering Material under applied forces and loads. the response of the material to applied forces will depends on the type of bonding and structural arrangement of atom and molecules.

Force applied will lead to deformation and if continued beyond a certain point will lead to ultimate failure

The force ----- STRESS and Deformation is known as STRAIN

Mechanical properties

Stress:- Force per unit area Units NM/Sq M or Pascal Strain:- Change in length per unit original length

The path to failure

Stress & Strain

TENSILE STRENGTH/ ULTIMATE TENSILE STRENGTH - The maximum stress on the curve before breakage (N/M2)

YIELD STRESS-

Point at which elastic behaviour changes to plastic behavior.

BREAKING STRESS

Point at which the substance fails/brakes

Stress /Strain For elastic part of curve or the slope of the elastic part of the curve  SI unit = pascal (Pa or N/m2 or m−1·kg·s−2).

megapascals (MPa or N/mm2) or gigapascals (GPa or kN/mm2) DUCTILITY/ BRITTLENESS- The amount by

which a material deforms (i.e. the strain that occurs) before it breaks. Represented by %age elongation or reduction in cross section.

 HARDNESS- The ability of the surface of a material to withstand forces

Young’s modulus E

The Yield Point = marks the onset of plastic deformation Plastic Region = Beyond the yield point, irreversible (plastic)

deformation takes place

Various mechanical properties are: Elasticity Plasticity Toughness Tensile strength Yield strength Ductility Malleability Brittleness Hardness Fatigue Wear resistance

By thermal properties is meant the response of a material to the application of heat, as a solid absorb energy in the form of heat, its temperature rises and its dimension increases.

The thermal properties of material are essential in order to evaluate the thermal behavior of solid i.e. their response to thermal changes, the lowering or rising of temperature.

The thermal properties are:

heat capacity thermal expansion thermal conductivity

Thermal properties

thermal stability specific heat Melting point thermal shock resistance

Electrical properties Material is then ability to permit or resist the flow

of electricity

resistivity conductivity dielectric strength Thermoelectricity Temperature co-efficient resistance

electrical properties are:

The optical properties are:

absorptivity color luminosity photosensitivity reflectivity refractive index scattering transmittance electromagnetic radiations

Optical properties