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Bio-medical Waste Management
“Clean Up and Flourish or Pile Up and Perish”
“ Means any waste, which is generated during the diagnosis treatment or immunization of human being or animals or in research activities and is governed by the Bio-Medical Waste (Management and Handling) Rules, 1998.”
What is Bio Medical Waste?
Legislation
Biomedical Waste Management & Handling Rule, 1998
• Came in to force on 28th July,1998• Prescribed by Ministry of Environment &
Forests, under the Environment Protection Act of India.
• This rule applies to those who generate, collect, receive, store, dispose, handle BMW in any manner
Salient Points Of BMW Rules• Hospital to set treatment and disposal facility• Segregation, packaging, transportation, storage• Authorization• Annual report• Maintenance of records• Accident reporting
Classification The World Health Organisation (WHO) has classified medical wastes according to their weight, density and constituents into different categories. These are:
Why is it essential to have safe & reliable treatment of “ bio-medical
waste” Health hazards- spread of infections Occupational Hazards Hazards to general public BMW can cause hazards to animals and birds too Plastic waste can choke animals, which scavenge on open dumps. Risk associated with hazardous drugs, chemicals
Animal WasteBleeding parts,
carcasses
Cytotoxic WasteDrugs, discarded
medicines
Solid WastePlaster casts,
catheter, bedding
Chemical WasteLab Reagents, Disinfectants
Pathological WasteBody parts, blood
Waste SharpsNeedles, infusion sets,
scalpels, knives
Infectious Waste Lab cultures, tissues, waste from isolation
wards
TYPES OF
BIOMEDICAL WASTE
COLOR CODING TYPE OF CONTAINER WASTE CATEGORY TREATMENT OPTIONS
Yellow Plastic bag Cat 1, 2, 3, 6 Incineration/ deep burial
Red Disinfected container/ plastic bag
Cat 3, 6, 7 Autoclaving/ microwaving/ chemical treatment
Blue/ white translucent
Plastic bag/ puncture proof container
Cat 4, 7 Autoclaving/ microwaving/ chemical treatment/ destruction/ shredding
Black Plastic bag Cat 5, 9 and 10 ( solid) Disposal in secured landfill
COLOR CODING & TYPE OF CONTAINERS USED FOR DISPOSAL OF BIO-MEDICAL WASTE
Proper Labeling Of Bins The biohazard symbol indicates the nature of
waste to the patients and public.
Points to remember
Chemical treatment is done by using at least 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and disinfection must be ensured.
Mutilation/ shredding should be such so as to prevent unauthorized reuse.
No chemical pre-treatment before incineration
No chlorinated plastics to be incinerated. Deep burial only in areas with less than 5L
people
DISCARDRED DRUGS
LIQUID WASTE
COTTON WOOL WASTE
USED SYRINGES
BIOMEDICAL WASTE MANAGEMENT CYCLE
Waste Collection Various sources of BMW collection OperationTheatre, laboratory, ward kitchen, corridor etc.
Bins should be placed in such a way that 100 % collection is achieved.
Sharps must always be kept in puncture-proof containers to avoid injuries and infection to the workers handling them.
Waste storage
Waste Transportation
BMW transported in trolleys
Manual loading should be avoided as far
as for as possible.
The bags / Container should be tied/
lidded before transportation.
Before transporting the bag containing
BMWs, it should be accompanied with a
signed document by Nurse/ Doctor
mentioning date, shift, quantity and
destination.
Waste Treatment
Incinerator Chemical Autoclave
Technology options for “ treatment”
FLOW CHART
IRONY
Only 5- 10% of healthcare
institutions in the country have
implemented the rules.
New technology must catch up with
the needs
Negligence
Hospital allots meagre resources
Lack of training to class IV
employees.
FEW FACTS Waste generated per bed per day
solid waste = 1kg to 3 kgliquid waste = 200 – 300 liters
Dept wise break up Waste breakup
Role Of Administrator He/she has to address the issues of BMW
management from the point of view of :– Technological feasibility– Operational practibilty– Economic adaptability– As BMW has no revenue value– Develop BMW policy
References 1. Principles of hospital administration and planning
by BM Sakharkar
2. http://www.expresshealthcaremgmt.com
3. “Manual on hospital waste management”, Central Pollution Control Board, Delhi, 2000.
Thank You Questions, Comments And Suggestions Are Welcome!!!
Presented By- Neha BhilarePresented By- Neha Bhilare.