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BIOMETRIC IRIS TECHNOLOGY
BY:- ANUSHANK LAL
ID No. 08BTCSE028
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INTRODUCTION
Reliable user authentication
Data security has become an inevitable feature.
Instead of using something you have (like a key) orsomething you know (like a password), biometrics uses who
you are to identify you.
Biometric system automatically verifies or recognizes theidentity of a living person based on physical or behavioral
characteristics.
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BIOMETRICS
Biometrics is the identification or verification of human
identity through the measurement of repeatable physiological
and behavioural characteristics
A biometric system can be divided into 2 stages :
1. Enrolment Module.
2. Verification Module.
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TYPES OF BIOMETRICS
1. Physiologicalrelated to shape of the body. Fingerprint
Facial recognition
Hand geometry
Iris recognition
Retinal scan
Vascular patterns
DNA
2. Behavioralrelated to the behavior of the person.
Speaker recognition
Signature recognition
Gesture recognition
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IRIS RECOGNITION
Iris recognition is a biometric
identification technology that uses
high resolution images of the iris
of the eye Iris scanning measures the iris
pattern in the colored part of
the eye. The tissue has a unique pattern of markings which does
not change and is different for each eye.
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Daugmans model for Iris Recognition:
Image Acquisition Iris
LocalizationNormalization
Feature encodingFeature
Matching
Iris template
Database
Iris regionEye region
Identify or reject
the subject
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Image Acquisition:
Capturing of high quality
images of the iris.
Video camera is used as a
biometric sensor which
captures the number of images.
LED based point light sources
are used for illumination.
The operator positions in front
of the camera at a distance of
not more than 1m.
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Iris Localization
Localize that portion of the acquired image thatcorresponds to an iris.
Desired characteristics of iris localization:
o Sensitive to a wide range of edge contrast.
o Robust to irregular borders.
o Capable of dealing with variable occlusions.
Converts the visible characteristics of the iris into a 512byte Iris Code
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Iris Localization Process
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Iris Normalization
The size of the pupil may change due to the variation of theillumination and the associated elastic deformations in the iris
texture may interface with the results of pattern matching. For the
purpose of accurate texture analysis, it is necessary to compensate
this deformation. Since both the inner and outer boundaries of theiris have been detected, it is easy to map the iris ring to a
rectangular block of texture of a fixed size.
Localized Iris with Iris code
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Feature Encoding
Map the iris ring to a rectangular block of texture of a fixed size.
That iris is stored in already stored in database at enrollment time
Feature Matching:
Evaluates the goodness of match between the newly acquired iris
pattern and the candidates data base entry.
Hamming Distance - fraction of mismatched bits
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Bringing the newly acquired iris pattern into spatial
alignment with a candidate data base entry;
Choosing a representation of the aligned iris patterns that
makes their distinctive patterns apparent;
Deciding if the newly acquired data and the data base entry
were derived from the same iris then subject is identified
otherwise rejected.
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Applications
Ticket less travel
Substituting for passports (automated international border crossing);
Aviation security and controlling access to restricted areas atairports;
The largest use of iris recognition is in United Arab Emirates,where millions of Iris Code comparisons are done each day at allthe air, land and sea ports.
Database access and computer login; premises access control;
Door lock system. ATM machines.
It is under consideration for biometrically enabled National IdentityCards.
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Advantages
The false acceptance rate for iris recognition systems is 1
in 1.2 million
false-rejection rate is almost zero.
It can exhaustively search an Iris database of 100,000 inclose to one second.
Eyeglasses and contact lenses present no problems to the
quality of the image
The iris-scan systems test for a live eye by checking for
the normal continuous fluctuation in pupil size.
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Disadvantages
The technology requires a certain amount of user interaction.
Unusual lighting situation may affect the ability of the camera to
acquire its subject.
Backup must be in place if the unit becomes inoperable.
Often requires significant computational resources.
Used across multiple applications.
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Conclusion
As iris technology grows less expensive, it could very likely
unseat a large portion of the biometric industry.
Its technological superiority has already allowed it tomake significant inroads into identification and security
venues which had been dominated by other biometrics.
Iris-based biometric technology has always been anexceptionally accurate one, and it may soon grow much
more prominent.
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References
www.google.co.in
www.wikipedia.org
www.osun.org
http://www.google.co.in/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.osun.org/http://www.osun.org/http://www.wikipedia.org/http://www.google.co.in/