Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals using Intertidal Mollusks in East Johor

ANALYTICAL SCIENCES FOR ECO-FRIENDLY SOCIETY

2 | SKAM27 8-10 December 2014 KSL Resorts, Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA

27th Regional Symposium of Malaysia

Analytical Sciences

Simposium Kimia Analisis

Malaysia ke-27

PROGRAMME & ABSTRACT BOOK

8-10th December 2014

KSL Resorts, Johor Bahru

Malaysia



FOREWORD BY PROFESSOR DR. WAN AINI WAN IBRAHIM (FMIC)

CHAIRPERSON SKAM27

Assalamualaikum and Salam Sejahtera

I wish to extend my warmest welcome to all participants to Malaysia particularly to Johor. Selamat Datang to our four plenary speakers Professor Kara, Professor Aboul-Enein, Professor Watling and Professor Bagheri. We are delighted and honored to host this 27th Regional Symposium of Malaysia Analytical Sciences (SKAM27). This symposium is an event co-organized by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia and Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society. It is noted that there are constant influxes of evolving new research directions, whereby scientists and researchers must regularly embrace the most current advancements. In response, we have continuously convened this SKAM27 symposium which enables participants to present their latest research findings, disseminate ideas and serve as a platform for collaborative and innovative research in analytical sciences and related fields. I believe that sharing of knowledge and encompassing of the supportive ecosystem are crucial to stimulate our research activities. The theme of this symposium, “Analytical Sciences for Eco-friendly Society” is very appropriate and timely to the increasing efforts and focus in providing sustainable environment for our society which analytical sciences have pivotal roles to address the ongoing challenges. Congratulations for being part of this symposium and I am certain we will find the symposium both rewarding and enjoyable with massive opportunities and meaningful friendships and collaborations. On behalf of the organizing committee, I would like to take this opportunity to thank all who have contributed either directly or indirectly to the success of the symposium and also to all the sponsors of this symposium for their generous contributions. Last but not least, many thanks to the organizing committee for the hard work and perseverance in ensuring the smooth running of the symposium. May Allah’s blessing be upon you Thank you PROFESSOR DR. WAN AINI WAN IBRAHIM (FMIC)



FOREWORD BY ASSOC. PROF. DR. ZAINI HAMZAH

ANALIS PRESIDENT

Assalammualaikum and Salam Sejahtera. Bismillahir rahmanir rahim

Praise be to Allah SWT and Selawat and Salam to our beloved Prophet Muhammad SAW.

With the permission granted by Allah SWT, all our effort from the beginning has now gives us the results that we never imagine before. Simposium Kimia Analisis Malaysia (SKAM) an annual event of ANALIS has now reaches the 27 years which everybody is looking forward to participate. The local universities are taking turn in organizing this prestigious symposium, and this year UTM is hosting it for the fourth times. The participation in SKAM is growing year by year and this year about 200 papers are to be presented orally and posters presentation. I must congratulate UTM for making SKAM27 a reality.

I view SKAM as a very good platform for our scientists to meet and present their research finding where they can share the new knowledge and pursue to the new frontiers. At the same time, SKAM is also giving an opportunity to our post graduate students to expose themselves to many prominent scholars in order to acquire knowledge and experience from them. Wide ranges of topics are to be presented and the paper is going to be published in the Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences (MJAS), a Scopus index journal published by the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS). Thank you also to our previous participants who have published their papers in this journal and allowing us to be recognized by Scopus. My further hope now to all the SKAM participants is for them to cite the papers from MJAS in their papers, so that it will increase our index values. Let us be proud of our own Scopus journal besides publishing it in the international journals.

On behalf of ANALIS, I would like to congratulate the organizing committee for their endless effort to ensure SKAM27 becoming a reality. They have chosen a nice place for our symposium and they also understand our family members need to spend their leisure time in the city of Johor Bahru. To tall the SKAM27 participants coming from various part of the country, I hope you will enjoy your symposium here and keeps in your mind that SKAM27 is the most memorable one. Thank you for your support and I hope you will continue to support SKAM and ANALIS. Best Wishes and Thank You Thank you.

ASSOC. PROF. DR. ZAINI HAMZAH



FOREWORD BY YB PUAN HAJAH NORMALA ABD SAMAD

MP OF PASIR GUDANG, JOHOR

Assalamualaikum warahmatullahi wabarakatuh Salam Sejahtera and Salam 1Malaysia

I would like to congratulate the organizing committees of the 27th Regional Symposium of Malaysia Analytical Sciences (SKAM 27) for this successful event. I have been informed that this pertinent yearly scientific event which is jointly organized by Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) and the Malaysian Analytical Sciences Society (ANALIS) has attracted participations from prolific chemistry scientists from Malaysia as well as many of our neighbouring countries. I strongly believe that this scientific event would meet its objectives, serve as a focal platform for disseminating scientific breakthrough in the various subdisciplines of chemistry and may prove beneficial to the well-being of mankind.

Scientific research and commercialization of products are indeed integral factors in improving the economic growth and living standards within a country by diversifying new yet sustainable resources. In view of such importance, our Malaysian Government, through its Economic Transformation Programme has initiated and embarked on many key strategic measures that include developing human capital through programmes such as the MyBrain15 as well as allotting substantial amount from its annual budget for research and development. Human Capital development involves acquiring knowledge in fundamental sciences such as chemistry and using innovative and creative approaches in the domains of science and technology. The success of our economic transformation programme as well as economic corridors such as Iskandar Malaysia depends not only on quality education, acquiring of knowledge and in-depth expertise in science and technology but also in entrepreneurship and innovation.

Specifically, analytical chemistry plays a pivotal role in many aspects of science, covering from basic scientific studies, biomedical and pharmaceuticals, food production and safety, engineering and material science, environmental monitoring as well as forensic investigation. I am very delighted to put on record that in all these aspects, UTM has successfully positioned itself in the centre point not only within Malaysia but at regional level too. By empowering its niche areas, we really hope that UTM will continue to prosper, transforming into key player in scientific breakthrough globally.

Considering all these aspects, I am once again reiterating the significance of this scientific event and I wish every participant a fruitful discussion.

Thank you. YB PUAN HAJAH NORMALA ABD SAMAD



ORGANIZING COMMITTEE

Patron Prof. Datuk Ir. Dr. Wahid Omar Vice-Chancellor Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Advisor Prof. Dr. Madzlan Aziz Dean, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Chairperson Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Co-Chairperson I Prof. Dr. Mohd. Marsin Sanagi Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Co-Chairperson II Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Hamzah President Malaysian Analytical Science Society (ANALIS)

ANALIS Secretariat Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Saat Prof. Dr. Amran Ab. Majid Prof. Dr. Md. Pauzi Abdullah Editor-in-Chief Malaysian Journal of Analytical Science (MJAS)

Secretary Dr. Che Rozid Mamat Assistant Secretary Dr. Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim

Treasurer Assoc. Prof. Dr. Azli Sulaiman

Assistant Treasurer Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zainab Ramli

Scientific Committee Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim (Head) Dr. Shajarahtunnur Jamil (Secretary) Prof. Dr. Madzlan Aziz Prof. Dr. Mohd Marsin Sanagi Prof. Dr. Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar Prof. Dr. Sugeng Triwahyono Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rusmidah Ali Dr. Norazah Basar Dr. Hasmerya Maarof Dr. Siti Aminah Setu@Sabtu Dr. Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon

Technical Unit Mr. Mohd Daniel Abdullah @ Anthony Nyangson Mr. Hashim Baharin Mr. Azani Ishak Mr Mohd. Azidy Abdull Aziz Mr. Fuaad Omar Mdm. Noorlyana Mazlan Mr. Mohd Faizz Mohamad Fuad Mr. Mohd Zolkifly Shaari

Hospitality Unit Dr. Roswanira Abdul Wahab Dr. Hasmerya Maarof



Sponsorship Unit Prof. Dr. Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar Prof. Dr. Abdull Rahim Hj. Mohd. Yusoff Assoc. Prof. Dr. Razali Ismail Dr. Hendrik Oktendy Lintang

Protocol Unit Assoc. Prof. Dr. Jafariah Jaafar Dr. Mohd. Bakri Bakar Dr. Naji Arafat Mahat Dr. Nursyafreena Attan

Promotion and Publicity Dr. Naji Arafat Mahat Unit

Gifts and Souvenirs Assoc. Prof. Dr. Umi Kalthom Ahmad Unit Dr. Norazah Basar Exhibition Unit Assoc. Prof. Dr. Nor Aziah Buang Dr. Joazaizulfazli Jamalis Dr. Siti Aminah binti Setu@Sabtu

Locality & Assoc. Prof. Dr. Rusmidah Ali Transportation Unit Dr. Mohd. Bakri Bakar

Website and Networking Prof. Dr. Mohamed Noor Hasan Prof. Dr. Sugeng Triwahyono

Post-Symposium Tour Dr. Mohd Bakri Bakar Unit



SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE



SYMPOSIUM SCHEDULE SUMMARY

8th December 2014 (Monday)

Pre-Symposium Workshops

Venue: Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UTM, Skudai Campus

Venue: Seminar Room

(C10 211)

Venue: Meeting Room

(C10 210)

Venue: Computer Lab (C22 Level 3)

08:00 – 17:00 X-ray Fluorescence & Micro

Raman Spectrometer for Sample Analysis

2nd Green Analytical Sample Preparation Techniques

(GASP 2014) Chemometrics Made Easy

17:00 – 21:00 Registration (Venue: Kulai Room, KSL Resorts)

9th December 2014 (Tuesday)

08:00 – 09:00 Registration (Venue: Kulai Room, KSL Resorts) Ballroom 1

09:00 – 09:10 Welcoming Speech

9:10 – 10:40 PLENARY SESSION 1

10:40 – 11:00 Tea Break

11:00 – 12:55 Ballroom 1 Session OA

(IS1, OA1-OA6)

Batu Pahat Room Session OB

(IS2, OB1-OB6)

Kluang Room Session OC

(IS3, OC1-OC6)

Kota Tinggi Room Session OD

(IS4, OD1-OD6)

13:00 – 14:00 Lunch (The Mission, Level 7)


(IS5, OA7-OA10)


(IS6, OB7-OB10)


(IS7, OC7-OC10)


(IS8, OD7-OD10)

15:25 – 16:25 Poster Session 1 (Foyer, Level 7)

16:25 – 16:45 Tea Break


(OA11-OA15)


(OB11-OB15)


(OC11-OC15)


(OD11-OD15)

18:00 – 19:00 ANALIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING

Kluang Room

20:00 – 23:00 SYMPOSIUM DINNER & OPENING CEREMONY

Ballroom 1

10th December 2014 (Wednesday)

Ballroom 1

08:30 – 10:00 PLENARY SESSION 2

10:00 – 10:20 Tea Break

10:20 – 11:20 POSTER SESSION 2 (Foyer, Level 7)

Ballroom 1

11:20 – 13:00 SPECIAL SESSION TO COMMEMORATE THE LATE PROF. DR. ALIAS MOHD. YUSOF

(IS9, SS1-SS5)



(IS10, OA16-OA20)


(IS11, OB16-OB20)


(IS12, OC16-OC20)


(IS13, OD16-OD20)

15:40 – 16:00 Tea Break


(OA21-OA25)


(OB21-OB25)


(OC21-OC25)


(OD21-OD25)

17:30 – 17:45 BEST POSTER PRESENTATION AWARDS

CLOSING CEREMONY Ballroom 1

* IS = invited speaker

8th December 2014 (MONDAY)

PRE-SYMPOSIUM WORKSHOPS

Venue: Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UTM, SKUDAI CAMPUS

Venue: Seminar Room (C-10 211) Venue: Meeting Room (C-10 210) Venue: Computer Lab (C22 Level 3)

08:00 – 17:00 X-ray Fluorescence & Micro Raman Spectrometer for Sample Analysis

2nd Green Analytical Sample Preparation Techniques (GASP 2014)

Chemometrics Made Easy

17:00 – 21:00 SKAM27 Registration (Venue: Foyer, Level 7, KSL Resorts)

9th December 2014 (TUESDAY)

08:00 – 09:00 SKAM27 Registration (Venue: Foyer, Level 7, KSL Resorts)

BALLROOM 1

09:00 – 09:10 Welcoming Speech

09:10 – 09:55

Plenary Speaker 1: Professor Hüseyin Kara Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey

A novel on-line SPE-FIA-HPLC hyphenated system for three-dimensional chromatographic analysis of vegetable oils with a single injection Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Mohd. Marsin Sanagi

09:55 – 10:40

Plenary Speaker 2: Professor R. John Watling Western Australia, Australia

The Application of Forensic Chemistry in the Fight against Food Fraud and Food Bio-terrorism Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Umi Kalthom binti Ahmad

10:40 – 11:00 Tea Break

BALLROOM 1 BATU PAHAT ROOM KLUANG ROOM KOTA TINGGI ROOM

Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Mansor Ahmad (UPM)

Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Zaini Hamzah (UiTM)

Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Saat (UiTM)

Chairperson: Dr. Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi (UPM)

11:00 – 11:25

Invited Speaker 1 Prof. Dr. Bahruddin Saad (USM)

Green Analytical Chemistry: The Way Forward

Invited Speaker 2 Prof. Dr. Md. Pauzi Abdullah

(UKM) Studies on Endocrine Disrupting

Chemicals in Malaysia - Where Are We?

Invited Speaker 3 Prof. Dr. Shahabuddin Memon

(Pakistan) Management of Aqueous

Contaminants by Calixarenes

Invited Speaker 4 Prof. Dr. Nor Azah Yusoff (UPM)

An electrochemical DNA sensor based on SiNWs/AuNPs modified indium tin

oxide (ITO) electrode for early detection of dengue virus

11:25 – 11:40

OA1: Sarifah Fauziah Syed Draman, Affendi Md Yusri, Rusli Daik Eco-Friendly Extraction and Characterization of Cellulose from Pineapple Leaf (Annanus cosomus)

OB1: Suhaimi Suratman, An Nuuru Ar Rasyiidah Hussein, Norhayati Mohd Tahir, Mohd Talib Latif Seasonal and Spatial Variability of Water Quality Parameters in Tropical Wetland of South China Sea

OC1: Nur Fatin Zakaria, Zaiton Abdul Majid, Zainab Ramli, Rusmidah Ali, Azmi Aris, Jafariah Jaafar, Juhaizah Talib Adsorbent from Waste and Natural Deposits for Paraquat Removal in Water

OD1: Mohamad Aiman Firdaus Othman, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki Diphenylthiocarbazone Sensing System for Metal Ions in Aqueous Environment



11:40 – 11:55

OA2: Nurul Afidah Mazelan, Mardawani Mohamad Extraction of phenolic compounds from pericarp of mangosteen

OB2: Nurrulhidayah Salamun, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Nur Fatien Mohd Salleh Mercury(II) and Arsenic(V) biosorption onto low cost biosorbent

OC2: Siti Norbayu Mohd.Subari, Mohamad Rafaie Mohamed Zubir, Licaberth Ismail, Rozita Osman, Norashikin Saim, Ahmad Rizmal Rohani Evaluation of Acetaminophen as Tracer for Sewage Contamination

OD2: Nur Azimah Mansor, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain, Mohd Shihabuddin Ahmad Noorden Electrochemical DNA Biosensor for Detection of BRCA1 Gene with on ZnONWs/Au Electrode

11:55 – 12:10

OA3: Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Abd. Khamim Ismail and Norashikin Saim

Agarose Film-Electrodriven Membrane Extraction Combined with Liquid Chromatography for Quantification of Some Anti depressants Drugs

OB3: Majd Ahmed Jumaah, Mohamed Rozali Othman Fabrication of Pt, Al, Fe, Co, Cu, Ag and Ni powder composite electrode for landfill leachate treatment using electrochemical method

OC3: Noor Aisyah Ahmad, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis

Synthesis of Thiopene based Chalcone under Base Catalyzed Claisen Schmidt Condensation and their Antibacterial Activity

OD3: Suraya Mohd Saad, Norizan Ahmat, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain Laccase immobilized on Screen Printed Carbon Electrode as Biosensors for the detection of Quercetin

12:10 – 12:25

OA4: Non Daina Masdar, Abd Mutalib Md Jani, Ruziyati Tajuddin, Muhd Tajuddin Muhd Ali, Norashikin Saim, Abdul Hadi Mahmud

Dipeptide Modified Polydimethyl-siloxane (PDMS) Film for Chiral Separation

OB4: Muhammad Nabil Fikri Yahaya, Muhammad Ali Muhammad Yuzir, Razman Salim Characterization of performance modified PVDF-TiO2 Hollow Fiber Ultrafiltration For Micro-pollutant Removal

OC4: Junita Jamsari, Thahira B.S.A. Ravoof, M. Ibrahim M. Tahir, K. A Crouse Mixed Ligand Transition Metal Complexes Containing Imidazole Derivatives and an Oxygen-Nitrogen-Sulphur Schiff base

OD4: Nurfarhana Arsad, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki, Maisara Abdul Kadir Potential Studies of Diamide Ligands as Metal Ions Sensing system

12:25 – 12:40

OA5: Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Mashkurah Abd Rahim, Zainab Ramli, Mohd Marsin Sanagi New dispersive solid phase microextraction sorbent based on sol-gel hybrid material for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs analysis in water

OB5: Zuhailie Zakaria, Mohamed Rozali Othman, Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop, Norazzizi Nordin Fabrication of Charcoal Base Metallic Composite Electrode and Decolorisation of Reactive Orange 16 Dye

OC5: Tan Siew San, Mohammad B. Kassim Synthesis, Characterization and Structural Determination of N-Benzoyl-N'-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)-Thiourea Derivatives

OD5: Kartika S. Hamdan, Zainiharyati M. Zain, Zurina Hassan Evaluation of Permselective Polymer Membrane Coating for Brain Glutamate Microbiosensor

12:40 – 12:55

OA6: Ainul Hakimah Karim, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Sugeng Triwahyono and Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin Multi-walled carbon nanotubes improve the physicochemical

OB6: Zaini Bin Assim, Siti Suhaila Binti Gusni, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad Hydrocarbons geochemistry of three coal deposits from Sarawak

OC6: Karimah Kassim, Noor Khadijah Mustafa Kamal, Adibatul Husna Fadzil Synthesis of benzoylthiourea derivatives as corrosion inhibitor in sulphuric acid solution

OD6: Ing Hua Tang, Rita Sundari, Hendrik O. Lintang, Leny Yuliati Polyvinylpyrrolidone as A New Fluorescent Sensor for Nitrate Ion



properties of mesostructured silica nanoparticles for efficient adsorption of methylene blue


Chairperson: Dr. Noor Zuhartini Md Muslim (USM)

Chairperson: Dr. Lim Ying Chin (UiTM)

Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Joon Ching Juan (UM)

Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Md. Pauzi Abdullah (UKM)

14:00 – 14:25

Invited Speaker 5 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marinah Mohd

Ariffin (UMT) Selective Surface Characteristics and Extraction Performance of a Nitro-

Group Explosive Molecularly Imprinted Polymer

Invited Speaker 6 Prof. Dr. Syed Tufail Sherazi

(Pakistan) Significant parameters and oxidative stabilities of some cold pressed seed

oils

Invited Speaker 7 Prof. Dr. Norashikin Saim (UiTM) Evaluation of Evidence Value of Car

Paints Analysed by Pyrolysis-Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry

Invited Speaker 8 Prof. Dr. Norhayati Tahir (UMT)

Air Pollution in Malaysia: Trend, Sources and Health Impact

14:25 –14:40

OA7: Wadeeah M. AL-Areqi, Amran Ab. Majid, Sukiman Sarmani, Che Nor Aniza Che Zainul Bahri Study of Thorium Solvent Extraction from Nitric Acid Solution

OB7: Nurul-Shuhada Md-Desa, Chia-Chay Tay, Zaidi Ab Ghani, Suhaimi Abdul-Talib Preparation of Activated Carbon From Spent Mushroom Farming Waste (SMFW) via BBD Design of RSM Method

OC7: Rizoh Bosorang, Zaini Assim, Sulaiman Hanapi, Fatimah Abang Forensic Implications of Biochemical Differences among Four Geographic Populations of Chrysomya megachepala (Fabricius) in Sarawak

OD7: Mohamad Aiman Firdaus Othman, Azrilawani Ahmad, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki Chemically modified electrode based on diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) for the determination of metal ions in aqueous environmental solutions

14:40 – 14:55

OA8: Siti Rosilah Arsad, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Hasmerya Maarof Method development for the chiral separation and determination of ketoconazole enantiomers in urine and cream formulation using capillary electrophoresis

OB8: Lai Fok How, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap, Mohd. Saleh Jaafar

Synthesis and characterization of γ and α alumina from aluminium dross waste by sulphuric acid dissolution

OC8: Siti Rosnah Mustapa, Min Min Aung, Azizan Ahmad, Mansor Ahmad, Mahnaz Abdi Synthesis and Characterization of Jatropha (Jatropha curcas L.) Oil-Based Polyurethane for Polymer Electrolytes Application

OD8: Nurul Huwaida Rosli, Normonica Ahmad, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain Electrochemical Window of Ionic Liquids at Different Scan Rate and Types of Electrode

14:55 – 15:10

OA9: Siti Munirah Abd Wahib, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Marsin Sanagi Sol-gel Hybrid Coating Hollow Fiber-Solid Phase Microextraction Coupled with Gas Chromatography-Flame Ionization Detection for Analysis of Hexanal and Heptanal

OB9: Mohd Aidil Elias, Mohd Razman Salim, Tony Hadibarata Preparation of activated carbon from oil palm empty fruit bunch for removal of Bisphenol A

OC9: Zetty Azalea Sutirman, Ahmedy Abu Naim, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Khairil Juhanni Abd. Karim Chitosan grafted with Itaconic acid by Free Radical Polymerization: Synthesis and Characterization

OD9: Bavani Kasinathan, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi, Hong Ngee Lim Discrimination of salbutamol enantiomers based on reduced graphene oxide/collagen nanocomposite



15:10 – 15:25

OA10: Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Norsuhaila Mohd Hanapi Utilization of Multi-wall Carbon Nanotubes Assembled Agarose/Chitosan Composite Film as Reactive Drugs Adsorbent

OB10: Azizul Mohd Zahari, Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff, M Jasmin Fathi Jasni Fabrication and Characterization of Composite Polyvinylidene fluoride Electrospun Nanofibers Membrane with Activated Carbon

OC10: Noor Afzalina Baharuddin, Mohamed Rozali Othman

Electrochemical Reaction of N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine with Copper

OD10:Azrilawani Ahmad, Chew Lee Lik, Nur Syafiqah Abdllah @ Zulkifli Determination of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Using Self-Assembled Monolayer on Screen-Printed Gold Electrode

15:25 – 16:25 POSTER SESSION 1 (FOYER, LEVEL 7)

16:25 – 16:45 Tea Break

Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Mohd. Basyaruddin Abd

Rahman (UPM)

Chairperson: Dr. Irman Abdul Rahman (UKM)

Chairperson: Dr. Norli Abdullah (UPNM)

Chairperson: Dr. Chin Wei Lai (UM)

16:45 – 17:00

OA11: Anisa Abdullah, Ahmad Saat, Abd Khalik Wood,Zaini Hamzah

Accumulation of Mercury (Hg) and Methyl Mercury (Me-Hg) Concentration in Selected Marine Biota

OB11: Abdul Halim Abdullah, Hauwa Sidi Aliyu, Zulkifly Abbas Visible-Light Photodegradation of Nitrobenzene Over Microwave Synthesized Ag2O-ZnO Nanocomposite

OC11: C.K. Chah, T.B.S.A. Ravoof, M.I.M. Tahir, K.A. Crouse Synthesis, Characterization and Bioactivities of Novel Nitrogen-Sulphur Macrocyclic Ligands and Their Transition Metal Complexes

OD11: Norazzizi Nordin, Wan Zurina Samad, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop, Mohamed Rozali Othman Effect of Applied Voltages on Slow-Released Electrosynthesis of Copper(II) Stearate Complex by Chronocoulometry Technique

17:00 – 17:15

OA12: Noorfatimah Yahaya, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Hadi Nur, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim Dispersive Micro-Solid Phase Extraction Combined With High Performance Liquid Chromatography for the Determination of Penicillins in Water and Milk

OB12: Nur Afiqah Badli, Rusmidah Ali, Leny Yuliati

Synthesis and characterization of Zr-doped Titania based photocatalyst for photodegradation of paraquat dichloride

OC12: Salasiah Endud, Nur Izzatie Hannah Razman, Zainab Ramli,

Hendrik Oktendy Lintang, Mahsa Khoshkhooy Yazdi, Izan Izwan Misnon Acid-Treated Graphitic Mesoporous Carbon for Adsorption of Basic Red 2 Dye in Aqueous Solution

OD12: S. Sivasangar, Z. Zulkarnain, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap Catalytic supercritical water gasification of empty fruit bunches from oil palm for hydrogen production

17:15 – 17:30

OA13: Mohammed Salisu Musa, Mohd Marsin Sanagi, Hadi Nur, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim

Microporous Carbon Spheres Solid Phase Membrane Tip Extraction for the Analysis of Nitrosamines in Water Samples

OB13: Rohayu Jusoh, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Sugeng Triwahyono, Nur Farhana Jaafar

Kinetic analysis of 2-chlorophenol photodegradation over α-FeOOH nanoparticles prepared in cationic surfactant electrolyte

OC13: Siti Aminah Jusoh, Siti Kamilah Che Soh, Mohd Sukeri Mohd Yusof Synthesis and Physicochemical Study of Reusable Phenyldithiocarbazate-Functionalised Polymer Supported Pd(ll) Complex and its Catalytic Activity in Mizoroki-Heck Reaction

OD13: Siti Zubaidah Hasan, Mohamed Rozali Othman, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop Comparison of sonochemical and non-sonochemical synthesis of mesoporous amorphous MnO2 and their electrochemical behavior



17:30 – 17:45

OA14: Rodiah Mohd Hassan, Asma F. Z, Aziah M. Y., Kawasaki N., Noor Asiah H Comparisons between Conventional and Microwave-assisted Extraction of Natural Colorant from Mesocarp of Cocus nucifera.

OB14: Leny Yuliati, Wai Ruu Siah, Nur Azmina Roslan, Mustaffa Shamsuddin, Hendrik O. Lintang Modification of Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles with Copper Oxide Co-catalyst for Photocatalytic Degradation of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid

OC14: Nur Nadia Dzulkifli, Yang Farina Abdul Aziz Synthesis, Structure and Chemical Properties of Sm(III) and Nd(III) Isatin 2-Methyl-3-Thiosemicarbazone Complexes

OD14: Norazreen Zakaria, Kalavathy Ramasamy, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain Development of Impedimetric Immunosensor for the detection of Amyloid Beta (1-40) on Pt/PPD micro disk electrode

17:45 – 18:00

OA15: Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim,

Hamid Rashidi Nodeh, Mohd. Marsin Sanagi Magnetic core-titanium shell nanoparticles for removal of methylene blue from water samples

OB15: Faisal Hussin, Hendrik O. Lintang, Leny Yuliati Enhanced Activity of ZnO with Addition of C3N4 forPhotocatalytic Removal of Phenol under Visible Light

OC15: Noorulsyahidaini Golbaha, Salasiah Endud, Zainab Ramli, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang Optimal Conditions for the Immobilization of Lipase in Nanosilica KIT-6 Matrix

OD15: M.A.A. Aziz, A.A. Jalil, S. Triwahyono Basic surface sites of various Ni-supported catalysts for methanation of CO2

18:00 – 19:00 ANALIS ANNUAL GENERAL MEETING Kluang Room

20:00 – 23:00 SYMPOSIUM DINNER & OPENING CEREMONY Ballroom 1

10th December 2014 (WEDNESDAY)

BALLROOM 1

08:30 – 09:15

Plenary Speaker 3: Professor Hassan Aboul-Enein Department of Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo, Egypt

Lipase-Catalyzed Kinetic Resolution of Racemates: A Versatile Method in Chiral Separation and Drug Development Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Bahruddin Saad

09:15 – 10:00

Plenary Speaker 4: Professor H. Bagheri Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, Tehran, Iran

Electrospun-based nanofibers and their applications in environmental and pharmaceutical analysis Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim

10:00 – 10:20 Tea Break

10:20 – 11:20 POSTER SESSION 2 (FOYER, LEVEL 7)



BALLROOM 1

SPECIAL SESSION TO COMMEMORATE THE LATE PROF. DR. ALIAS MOHD. YUSOF

Chairperson: Prof. Dr. Amran Ab. Majid

11:20 -11:45 Invited Speaker 9: Prof. Datuk Dr. Sukiman bin Sarmani

Nuclear Analytical Methods in the Study of Trace Elements Disitribution in the Environment

11:45 – 12:00 SS1: Syabilah Sazeli, Ahmad Saat, Zaini Hamzah Assessment of 222Rn Concentration and Emanation Rate in Gua Tempurung, Perak, Malaysia by using CR-39 Solid State Nuclear Track Detector (SSNTD)

12:00 – 12:15 SS2: Nur Atiqa Mohd Anuar, Ahmad Saat, Zaini Hamzah, Ab Khalik Wood Application of EDXRF Technique for Determination of Pb, As, Cd, Hg and Th in Anadaragranosa Collected from the Coast of Selangor and Perak, Malaysia

12:15 – 12:30 SS3: Zaini Hamzah, Ahmad Saat, Fetri Zainal, Abd Khalik Wood The Use of Melastoma malabatricum (Senduduk) as Bio-Monitor for Radionuclides Determination in Teluk Rubiah, Manjung

12:30 – 12:45 SS4: Masitah Alias, Zaini Hamzah, Ahmad Saat, Ab. Khalik Wood

Assessment of Radionuclides in Soil from Coal Fired Power Plant and Its Surrounding Area in Manjung District, Perak

12:45 – 13:00 SS5: Nursyairah Arshad, Zaini Hamzah, Ahmad Saat Determination of heavy metals and radionuclides in Ligumia recta (black sandshell) from Kampung Gajah, Perak


BALLROOM 1 American Chemical Society

Malaysia Chapter: Global Innovation

BATU PAHAT ROOM KLUANG ROOM KOTA TINGGI ROOM

Chairperson: Dr. Mohd. Bakri Bakar (UTM)

Chairperson: Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marinah Mohd Ariffin

(UMT)

Chairperson: Dr. Thahira Begum (UPM)

Chairperson: Dr. Tan Hsiao Wei (UM)

14:00 – 14:25

Invited Speaker 10 Prof. Dr. Mohd. Basyaruddin Abd

Rahman (UPM) Tailoring Peptidomimetics Antifreeze Protein from Exotic Antarctic Marine

Invited Speaker 11 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ahmad Saat (UiTM)

Applicability of Tree barks and lichens coupled to EDXRF technique For

Environmental Heavy Metals Monitoring

Invited Speaker 12 Assoc. Prof. Dr. Farediah Ahmad

(UTM) NMR For Structural Elucidation of

Natural Product Compounds

Invited Speaker 13 Prof. Dr. Mohamed Noor Hassan

(UTM) Chemometrics for Pattern

Recognition Analysis of Complex Chemical Data

14:25 – 14:40

OA16: Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal,, Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff, Jiri Zima, Jiri Barek Voltammetric Behaviour of Nifedipine: Hanging Mercury Drop Electrode (HMDE) Vs Mercury Meniscus Modified Silver Amalgam Electrode (m-AgSAE)

OB16: Zaini Hamzah, Sabarina Md Yunus, Ab Khalik Wood Determination of Heavy Metals in Fish from Kuala Langat, Selangor, Malaysia

OC16: Fiona N.-F. How, Aqeelah Mohammad, Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan Biological Properties of Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) Extracts

OD16: Mohamad Rafaie Mohamed Zubir, Rozita Osman, Norashikin Saim Chemometric Analysis of Selected Organic Contaminants in surface water of Langat River Basin



14:40 – 14:55

OA17: Soon Kong Yong, Nanthi Bolan, Enzo Lombi and William Skinner Enhanced Zn(II) and Pb(II) removal from wastewater using thiolated chitosan beads (ETB)

OB17: Omar D., Salim, M. R., Salmiati

Nutrient Removal in Grey Water from Wet Market using Sequencing Batch Reactor

OC17: Nor Badariah Talib, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Khalidah Puad, Muataz Syakir Khayoon, Abdelaziz Emad Atabani Heterogeneous Catalyst Screening for Biodiesel Production from Moringa Oil

OD17: Rasaq Bolakale Salau, Mohamed Noor Hasan Chemometric study of patterns, distributions and health status of chromium, cobalt, nickel and molybdenum in selected Malaysian dishes

14:55 – 15:10

OA18: AD Wiheeb, IK Shamsudin, MR Othman Preparation and characterization of hydrotalcite-alumina membrane from sol-gel method

OB18: Noor Fazreen, D., Azhim, A., Musa, M. N., Nurhafizah, I Surface Sediment Analysis on Heavy Metal from Selected Coastal Area of Selat Melaka, Malaysia

OC18: Salasiah Endud, Norsahika Mohd Basir, Zainab Ramli, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang

Structural, Porosity and Morphological Changes of Montmorillonite Derived Porous Clay Heterostructures Prepared by the Starch Gel Template Method

OD18: Nurhafizah Ibrahim, Normazatulizma Haji Mohamad, Zainal Samicho, Norfazreen Dzulkafli, Norakma Mohd Nor Optimization of an Enzyme Facilitated Process for Juice Clarification from Carica Papaya Using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

15:10 – 15:25

OA19: Wong Wen Yee, Salasiah Endud, Wong Ka Lun, Mohd Bakri Bakar, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang

Spectroscopic Studies Effect of pH on the Properties of Tetrakis-(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin

OB19: M. Mokhlesur Rahman, Fuad Miskon, Y. B. Kamaruzzaman Biomonitoring of Heavy Metals using Intertidal Mollusks in East Johor Coastal Waters

OC19: Zakiah Mokhtar, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis, Siti Pauliena Mohd Bohari Synthesis and Antimicrobial Test of Heterocyclic Chalcone Containing Oxygen

OD19: Siew-Teng Ong, Bao-Lee Phoon Statistical Approach for Photodegradation of Mixture of Dyes by Using Immobilized TiO2

15:25 – 15:40

OA20: Mohd S. Sarjadi, Hunan Yi, Ahmed Iraqi and David G. Lidzey Impact of Thienothiophene Units on the Photovoltaic Properties of Carbazole-Based Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Devices

OB20: Nurul Ain Syahirah Mohamad Sabri, Md. Pauzi Abdullah, Sohif Mat, Rahmah Elfitri, Abdul Aziz Jemain Spatial and Temporal Changes of Water Quality of Tasik Cempaka, Bangi Using Cluster Analysis

OC20: Nazwa Jon, Rizafizah Othaman, Ibrahim Abdullah Effects of Silica Addition on the Characterization of ENR/PVC Membrane

OD20: Nur Rashidah Abd Manap, Mohd Zahari Abdullah, Ahmad Saat, Zaini Hamzah Assessment of Surface Water Metal Pollution In Balok River, Pahang Based On Pollution Load Index (PLI) Supported by Multivariate Statistical Analysis

15:40 – 16:00 Tea Break



Chairperson:

Dr. Kheng Soo Tay (UM) Chairperson:

Dr. Mohd. Izham Saiman (UPM) Chairperson:

Dr. Faizatul Shimal Mehamod (UMT)

Chairperson: Dr. Nor Asrina Sairi (UM)

16:00 - 16:15

OA21: L., Che Rose, H. Suhaimi, S, Qi, and A.G. Mayes Preparation and characterization of polymer nanomaterials as drug carriers by using microemulsion polymerization

OB21: IK Shamsudin, RM Salleh, Z Helwani, MR Othman Mesoporous hydrotalcite as catalyst in methanol synthesis from carbon dioxide and steam

OC21: Nur ‘Iffah Shafiqah Abdullah, Mansor B. Ahmad, Kamyar Shameli Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles by Stem Bark Extract of Artocarpus elasticus

OD21: Kamelia Karimnezhad, Hamid Kazemi Esfeh, Salasiah Endud Synthesis, Characterization and Catalytic Application of Lanthanum Modified MCM-41 in Henry Reaction

16:15 – 16:30

OA22: Abdo M. Al-Fakih, Madzlan Aziz, Hassan H. Abdallah, Hasmerya Maarof, Rosmahaida Jamaludin, Bishir Usman

Corrosion inhibition of Q235A steel in acidic medium using isatin derivatives: A QSAR study

OB22: Mohd Azlan Kassim, Nor Asrina Sairi, Rozita Yusoff Characterization of 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and Sulfolane Binary Mixtures at Temperature from 298.15K to 363.15K

OC22: Norhidayah M. Ahyat, Alyza A. Azmi Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles using Rhizome Extract of Galangal, Alpinia galangal

OD22: Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah, Rusmidah Ali, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar Oxidation of Commercial Petronas Diesel with Tert-butyl hydroperoxide on Polymolybate Alumina Supported Catalyst Modified with Alkaline Earth Metals

16:30 – 16:45

OA23: Mastura Khairuddin, Siti Nurul Ain Md Jamil Synthesis and Characterization of Hydrazine-Modified Poly(Acrylonitrile-co-Acrylamide) Microbeads

OB23: Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Sugeng Triwahyono, AinulHakimah Karim, NurFatienMuhamad Salleh Synthesis of mesoporous silica nanoparticles by variation of microwave power for the ibuprofen drug delivery

OC23: Fatin Ilyani Nasir, Nurul Izzaty Hassan

Developing a novel catalytic approach for imine formation

OD23: Norhidayah Selamat, Nurul Huda Abd Karim Synthesis and Characterization of Platinum Bipyridine Complex and Its Interaction with ct-DNA

16:45 – 17:00

OA24: Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Sugeng Triwahyono Effect of Synthesis Method on The Photocatalytic Performance of Zinc Oxide Loaded on Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles

OB24: Shamellia Sharin, Irman Abdul Rahman, Ainee Fatimah Ahmad,Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd, Faizal Mohamed, Shahidan Radiman, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob

Reduction of Graphene Oxide to Graphene by Using Gamma Irradiation

OC24: Ramizah Ramli, Nurziana Ngah, Siti Kamilah Che Soh, M. Sukeri M. Yusof Synthesis and Characterization of Benzoyl Thiourea Amino Acid Derivatives

OD24: Azizul Hakim, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak, Maratun Najiha Abu Tahari, Wan Zurina Samad, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, Mohd Ambar Yarmo The Influence of Calcination Temperature on CO2 Adsorption from Iron Oxide (α-Fe2O3) Prepared by Sol Gel Method



17:00 – 17:15

OA25: Bishir Usman, Hasmerya Maarof, Hassan H. Abdallah, Madzlan Aziz QSAR, Theoretical and Experimental Assessment on the Corrosion Inhibition Performance of 4-bromo-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde on Metal in Acidic Media

OB25: Lestyo Wulandari, Yuni Retnaningtyas, Putri Kholisotun Nawa Analysis of Lard Adulteration in RBD Palm Oil Using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Chemometrics

OC25: Nurul Barakah Ab Rahman, Hamizah Md Rasid, Mohammad Noor Jalil Synthesis and Characterization of Mesoporous Silica MCM-41 and SBA-15 from Power Plant Bottom Ash

OD25: Ivan C. T. Tan, Robiah Yunus, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap Synthesis of Palm-based Lubricant, Trimethylolpropane Triesters via Transesterification Process using SrO-CaO Catalyst

17:15 – 17:45 BEST POSTER PRESENTATION AWARDS

CLOSING CEREMONY BALLROOM 1

11th December 2014 (Thursday)

08:00 – 17:00 POST SYMPOSIUM TOUR

POSTER PRESENTATION LIST



9th DECEMBER 2014 (TUESDAY)

POSTER SESSION 1 (15:25 – 16:25)

CODE

PO1 Nur Atilia Mohamad, Azli Sulaiman

Microencapsulation of Benzoic Acid using Local Tapioca Starch as Wall Material

PO2 Rosmawani Mohammad, Musa Ahmad, Lee Yook Heng Amperometric Capsaicin Biosensor Based on Covalent Immobilization of Horseradish Peroxidase on Acrylic Microspheres for Chili Hotness Determination

PO3 Marina Abdul Manaf, Nurhanan Abdul Rahman The Effect of Replacing Persea Americana Fruit Puree for Fat on the Texture Profile of Shortened Cake

PO4 Norli Abdullah, Mohd Ameer Aiman, Hud Ramli, Imran Syakir Mohamad Water-based and Coolant-based CNT-OH Nanofluids: Thermal Conductivity Enhancement Study

PO5 Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi and Bavani Kasinathan Electrochemical Studies and Characterization of Biocompatible Graphene/Collagen Suitable for Chiral Drug Detection

PO6 Hairul A. A. Hamid, Azani Saleh and Norizan Ahmat A Minireview on Plant-based Biosurfactants and Applications

PO7 M.A.A. Aziz, A.A. Jalil, S. Triwahyono Iron-promoted Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles for CO2 Hydrogenation

PO8 Norfariha Hassan and Zainab Ramli

Luminol Functionalized Siliceous Zeolite Nanoparticle as Chemosensor for Iron Ion Detection

PO9 Nor Amira Othman, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, Rusli Daik, Nurhartinie Jusoh Synthesis & Characterization of Pyrogallol-imprinted Polymer via Precipitation Polymerization

PO10 Azreen Ibrahim, Abu Zahrim Yaser, Chong Soon Hing, Ng Swea Chwen Melanoidin Analysis in Conventional Palm Oil Mill Effluent Ponding System and Its Removal using Calcium Lactate

PO11 Yanti Yaacob Mechanisms of Antagonism of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa Towards Plant Pathogen Phellinus Noxius

PO12 Emad Yousif, Rahimi M. Yusop, Hadeel Adil, Ahmed Ahmed, Nadia Salih, Jumat Salimon Evaluation of 2-Amino Acetate Benzothiazole Complexes as Photostabilizer for PVC

PO13 Nurhanis Husna Md Nadza, Khairulmazidah Mohamed Detection of Morphine and Codeine in Human Urine after White Poppy Seed Consumption

PO14 Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, Ku Halim Ku Bulat, Nur Nurul Mohamad Theoretical Studies on the Interaction between Caffeine and Methacrylic Acid

PO15

Noor Zuhartini Md Muslim, Seyedreza Hashemi Babaheidari and Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs) based on Weather Conditions of Pengkalan Chepa River, Kelantan, Malaysia

PO16 Solehatun Binti Mhd Bani, Mardiana Saaid An In-situ Dansylation based on Ionic Liquid Ultrasound Assisted Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Micro Extraction (IL-USA-DLLME) for Determination of Biogenic Amines.

PO17 S. Ibrahim, M. A. Marzuke, Z. H. Hussin, N. S. Kader Bashah

In vitro Cytocompatibility of Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Powder on L929 Fibroblast Cell

PO18 Lim Ying Chin, Zulkarnain Zainal, Mohd Zobir Hussein, Tan Wee Tee

Optical and Photoelectrochemical Properties of Titania Nanotubes Anodized in Different Electrolytic Medium

PO19 Kheng Soo Tay, Norfazrina Madehi Ozonation of Acebutolol in Aqueous Solution: Ozonation By-products and Degradation Pathway

PO20

Irman Abdul Rahman, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob, Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd, Ainee Fatimah Ahmad, Shamellia Sharin, Faizal Mohamed, Sidek Ab Aziz, Shahidan Radiman Effect of Silver Oxide Nanoparticles Addition on Structure and Characteristics of Radio-Photoluminescence Glass Dosimeter



PO21 Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, Noor Fadilah Yusof Synthesis and Characterization of Caffeine-Imprinted Polymer via RAFT and Conventional Polymerization

PO22 S.Mariam Sumari, Zaini Hamzah and Nesamalar Kantasamy Adsorption of Anionic Dyes from Aqueous Solutions by Calcined and Uncalcined Mg/Al Layered Double Hydroxide

PO23 Nurul Ilham Adam, Abdul Malik Marwan Bin Ali, Muhd Zu Azhan Bin Yahya Physical and Electrochemical Characterization of Composite Polymer Electrolytes using MG30 Based Polymer Electrolyte

PO24 Nur Syairah Dagang, Norhayati Mohd Tahir

Characterization and Determination Selected Plant Waxes Species

PO25 Norzubaidha Ismail, Razali Ismail, Mohd Hishamudin Tahar Stability Study of Double Based Propellants in Bullets

PO26 Nur Farahhin Mohd Azmi, Ku Halim Ku Bulat Theoretical Studies on the Effect of Tag Fatty Acid Compositions on the Interaction Energy of Tags with Caffein

PO27

Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri, Famiza Abdul Latif, Ab Malik Marwan Ali, Ruhani Ibrahim, Norashima Kamaluddin, Fitrah Hadip, Siti Izzati Husna Mohd Azuan Calcination Reduce the Number of Silanol Group on Surface of Acid Modified SiO2

PO28 Anuar Othman, Azli Sulaiman, Shamsul Kamal Sulaiman Limestone in Acid Mine Drainage Treatment

PO29 Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd, Irman Abdul Rahman, Ainee Fatimah Ahmad, Shahidan Radiman, Faizal Mohamed, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob, Shamellia Sharin

Effect of Nanoparticle Addition to the Thermal Properties of DPPS-DPPC Vesicles

PO30 Mardiana-Jansar, K., Ismail B. S. Analisis Residu Metsulfuron Metil dalam Air Terhadap Kawasan Penanaman Kelapa Sawit, Chini, Pahang, Malaysia

PO31

Siti Aisyah Shamsuddin, Haslina Hishamuddin, Farida Zuraina Mohd Yusof, Rumiza Abd Rashid Development of HPLC Method on Determination of Ibuprofen from Blowfly Chrysomya Rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Samples

PO32

Noraini Abd Ghani, Nor Asrina Sairi, Yadollah Abdullahi and Mohamed Kheireddine Aroua

Artificial Neural Networks Modeling of Ionic Liquid Ternary Systems Fabrication to Minimize Viscosity

PO33 Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin, Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan, Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed

Analisis Logam Berat Dalam Sedimen Dan Kerang Di Kawasan Persisiran Pantai Kapar, Malaysia

PO34 Nurazilah Farhana Aripin and Noumie Surugau Glucosinolates in Watercress (Nasturtium Officinale) and Their Hydrolysis Products Under Different Conditions

PO35 Nor Shazana Mohamed Daud, Zulkarnain Zainal, Ernee Noryana Muhamad

Enhanced Photocatalytic Hydrogen Generation Using Cr-doped Titanium Dioxide Thin Film

PO36 Nesamalar Kantasamy, Nur Hidayu Sa’ari, Rosliza Ali Removal of Methylene Blue Dye Using Modified Coconut Coir Pith

PO37 Leaw Wai Loon, Che Rozid Mamat Liquid Crystal Physical Gel of 4’-Pentyl-4-Biphenylcarbonitrile Nematic Liquid Crystal by Mesogenic Organic Gelator, Cholesteryl Palmitate

PO38 Rezaul H. Ansary, Mokhlesur M. Rahman, Haliza Katas, Mohamed B. Awang A Potential Approach for Removal of Lag Phase and Reduction of Burst Release of Insulin from PLGA Microspheres

PO39 Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan, Ab. Khalik Wood, Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin Assessment of Heavy Metals in Cockles (Anadara Granosa) at Coastal Area of Pantai Remis and Kapar, Selangor Malaysia



PO40 Mohamad Afiq Mohamed Huri, Umi Kalthom Ahmad and Mustafa Omar High Performance Liquid Chromatography Profile of Selected Plastic Explosives for Acquisition of Chemical Signatures of High Explosives

PO41 S. K. Ghoshal and Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku Photoluminescence Spectral Analyses of Silicon Nanowires using a Phenomenological Model

PO42 Chin Wei Lai, Kung Shiuh Lau, Nur Azimah Binti Abd Samad, Sharifah Bee Abd. Hamid, Joon Ching Juan Titania Nano-Tubular Photoelectrode for Effective Hydrogen Generation

PO43 Anuar Othman, Nasharuddin Isa, Rohaya Othman Preparation of Calcium Carbonate Particles with Nozzle Dispersion Method

PO44 Tan Hsiao Wei, Misni Misran

Chitosan-coated Fatty Acid Nanoliposome for Drug Delivery Application

PO45 Jashiela Wani Jusin and Madzlan Aziz Preparation and Characterization of Graphene-Based Magnetic Hybrid Nanocomposites

PO46 Sri Norleha Basri, Norhazlin Zainuddin, Nor Azah Yusof and Kamaruddin Hashim

Preparation and Characterization of Carboxymethyl Sago Starch-Acid Gel by Electron Beam Radiation

PO47 Ros Azlinani As’ari, Mazidah Mamat, Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah Adsorption of Oil onto Alkali Treated Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber (OPMF)

PO48 Nuor Sariyan Suhaimin, Madzlan Aziz, Juhana Jaafar Nur Isarah Che Raimi

Graphene Oxide with Sulfonated Polyether Ether Ketone for Enhanced Properties

PO49 Mansor bin Ahmad, Zakiah Jamingan, Kamaruddin bin Hashim, Norhazlin Zainuddin

Sago Starch-Based Hydrogel by Electron Beam Irradiation for Controlled Release Application

PO50

Ainee Fatimah Ahmad, Irman Abdul Rahman, Faizal Mohamed, Shahidan Radiman, Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi bin Ayob and Shamellia Sharin Effect of Gamma Irradiation on Stability of Interaction of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) with Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)

ST1 Ng Nyuk Ting , Mohd MarsinSanagi, Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim C18-Impregnated Agarose-Chitosan Film for the Extraction of Benzo[a]pyrene from Coffee Samples

ST2 Nor Arbani Sean, Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim, Mohd Bakri Bakar Synthesis of Semitelechelic Maleimide Poly(PDMCAAm) for BSA Conjugation by RAFT Polymerization

ST3 Nur Adilah Hussien, Lai Sin Yuan, Sheela Chandren, Hadi Nur Preparation of Porous Carbon/Titania on Stainless Steel by High Voltage Powder Spray Coating and Controlled Pyrolysis as Catalyst for Pollutant Degradation

ST4 Nur Syafiqah binti Mohamad Sa’adan, Prof Dr Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar Demetallization of Toxic and Heavy Metals in Clams, Paphia Textile Utilizing Catalytic Chelation Technique

ST5 Nurul Faizah Abd. Ghapar, Zainoha Binti Zakaria, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis, Syazeven Effatin Azma Mohd Asri Biodegradability Study of Chitin Nanowhiskers-Chitosan Films

ST6 Siti Fatimah Jamian, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Hamid Rashidi Nodeh Magnetic Solid Phase Extraction of Selected Organophosphorus Pesticides Using Graphene Oxide Dispersed With Fe3O4 Nanoparticles as Adsorbent

ST7 Hao Ting Teo, Wai Ruu Siah, Leny Yuliati Synthesis of Magnetic α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 Composites for the Enhanced Adsorption and Stability of Aspirin

ST8 Zuraini Md Zahir, Salasiah Endud

Facile Synthesis of Polypropylene Imine Dendrimer Using Potassium Borohydride / Raney Nickel as Reducing Agent

ST9 Hamizah Zaharudin, Shajarahtunnur Jamil Synthesis of Prenylated Chalcone



10th DECEMBER 2014 (WEDNESDAY)

POSTER SESSION 2 (10:20 – 11:20)

CODE

PO51

Thahira B.S.A Ravoof, Nur Shuhada Mohd Mokhtaruddin, Siti Aminah Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir & Karen K. A. Crouse Synthesis, Characterization and X-Ray Crystallographic Analysis of Mixed-Ligand Metal Complexes Containing Saccharin

PO52

Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Fairous Salleh, Alinda Samsuri, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohammad Bin Kassim, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham and Mohd Ambar Yarmo Influence of Cerium on the Reduction Behavior of Iron Oxide by using Carbon Monoxide: TPR and Kinetic Studies

PO53 Shadatul Hanom Rashid, Adibatul Husna Fadzil, Nik Norziehana Che Isa N-heterocyclic Compounds as Efficient Corrosion Inhibitors

PO54 Nurzulaifa Shaheera Erne Mohd Yasim, Zitty Sarah Ismail, Suhanom Mohd Zaki Adsorption of Heavy Metals by Banana Trunk

PO55

Fairous Salleh, Alinda Samsuri, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, Rizafizah Othaman and Mohd. Ambar Yarmo

Effect of Zirconia on Reduction Behaviour of Tungsten Oxide in Various Concentration of Carbon Monoxide

PO56

Yoon Yee Then, Nor Azowa Ibrahim, Buong Woei Chieng, Norhazlin Zainuddin, Hidayah Ariffin, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus

Alkaline-Peroxide Treatment of Fiber for Improving the Tensile Property of Oil Palm Mesocarp Fiber/Poly(butylene succinate) Biocomposite

PO57

Enis Nadia MdYusof, Thahira B.S.A. Ravoof, M. Ibrahim M. Tahir, K. A Crouse Synthesis And Characterization of Transition Metal Complexes Containing N-Methoxybenzaldehyde Nitrogen-Sulphur Donor Ligands Derived from S-R-Benzyldithiocarbazate

PO58 Buong Woei Chieng, Nor Azowa Ibrahim Poly(lactic acid) Plasticized with Epoxidized Palm Oil and Poly(ethylene glycol) Hybrid Plasticizer

PO59 Asheladevi Ahmad, Noumie Surugau, Tan Wei Hsiang Glucosinolates & Myrosinase Activity in Moringa Oleifera

PO60 Siti Aminah Setu, Dirk G. A. L. Aarts Interfacial Instabilities in Confinement

PO61

Alinda Samsuri, Fairous Salleh, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohd. Ambar Yarmo Effect of Zirconium Doping on the Reduction Beha vior of MoO3 to MoO2 by using Carbon Monoxide as Reductant

PO62 Nur Edelin Mohd Fauzi, Farediah Ahmad Synthesis of 2′-Hydroxy-4’-O-Prenylchalcones

PO63 Hamonangan Nainggolan, Harry Agusnar, Feri Handayani and Saharman Gea The Utilize of Montmorillonite Nanoparticle Modified by Polyethylene Glycol for Preparing Cassava Starch-Based Biodegradable Film

PO64

Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin, Aminuddin Ruskam, Abdul Rahim Yacob, Nor Suhada Mohd Amin Determination of Ethanol in Import and Local Prepared Vinegar for Halal in Accordance to Shafi’i School of Jurisprudence

PO65

K. K. Ong., J. H. Leong, Wan Yunus, W. M. Z., A. Fitrianto, C. C. Teoh, A. G. Hussin, M. B. Ahmad, A. F. M. Azmi Effects of Test Paper Drying and Reaction Periods on Silver ion-Arsine Complex Color Development for a Simple and Rapid Arsenic (V) Determination

PO66 R. Ibrahim Putera Electrical Properties of Nafion-117 in Methanol and Deionized Water at Varying Temperatures

PO67 Rizana Yusof, Emilia Abdulmalek, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman Synthesis and Physicochemical Characterization of New Deep Eutectic Solvents (DESs) Tetrabutylammoniumbromide Paired with Ethylene Glycol



PO68 Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin, Karimah Kassim, Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim Amino based Metal Organic Frameworks as Heterogeneous Catalyst for Suzuki Reactions

PO69 Wan Zurina Samad, Norazzizi Nordin, Mohd Ambar Yarmo, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop Fluorine-Doped Tin Oxideasa Catalyst Support for Glycerol Hydrogenolysis

PO70 Min Min Aung, Siti Rosnah, Azizan Ahmad, Mahnaz Abdi Synthesis and Characterization of Jatropha (Jatrophacurcas L.) Oil-Based Urethane Acrylate for Polymer Electrolyte Application

PO71 Nurasmat Mohd Shukri, Jafariah Jaafar, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, Zaiton Abd Majid A Study on the Deacidification of High-Acidity Crude Oil Utilizing Copper Cerium Oxide Based Catalyst

PO72 Nor Hakimin Abdullah, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar, Rafaqat Hussain, Jan van Esch Characterization of Patterned Catalytic Surface for Supramolecular Trishydrazone Hydrogel Formation

PO73 Khairulazhar Jumbri, Haslina Ahmad, Emilia Abdul Malek and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman Biophysical Properties of DNA in Hydrated Ionic Liquid

PO74 Nur Aisyah Daud, Juriffah Ariffin, Ku Halim Ku Bulat New Approaches on the Extraction of Alkaloid for Catharanthus roseus

PO75 Zulkepli S., Juan J.C. , Oi L.E. , Lee H.V., Rahman N.A., Lai C.W., Hamid S.B.A.,Yusop M.R. Deoxygenation of Triolein to Biofuel over Nickel Supported on Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica

PO76 Ngai K.S., Tan W.T., Zulkarnain Z., Ruzniza M.Z., Juan J.C. Electrocatalytic Study of a Single-Walled Carbon Nanotube/Nickel Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode in the Determination of Paracetamol

PO77 Mariani Rajin, Norliana Mohd Yamin Solvent Extraction of Antioxidant from Guava Fruit : Optimization using Response Surface Methodology

PO78 N.S. Nordin, N.S. Rahim, M.I. Saiman Solvent Free Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol using Gold Palladium by Supported Catalyst

PO79 Murni Sundang, Hayireen Losuil, Noor Maizura Ismail Antioxidant Activity, Total Phenolic Content of Tumeric (Curcuma Longa): Optimization of Extraction using Response Surface Methodology

PO80

Zulkepli S., Juan J.C., Oi L.E., Lee H.V., Rahman N.A., Mijan N.A., Abidin S.Z., Lai C.W., Yusop M.R. Catalytic Conversion of Triolein to Biofuel over Nickel Supported on Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica

PO81

Zulkepli S., Juan J.C., Oi L.E., Lee H.V., Rahman N.A., Mijan N.A., Abidin S.Z., Lai C.W., Hamid S.B.A., Yusop M.R. Production of Green Biofuel from Catalytic Cracking of Triolein over Nickel Supported on Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica

PO82

Dzulsuhaimi Daud, Ahmad Nazrin Zainal, Muhammad Naqib Nordin, Asmida Ismail, Alene Tawang

Caulerpa lentillifera Improves Sperm Quality and Reduces Lead Accumulation in Mice Exposed to Lead Nitrate

PO83 Ying Ying Yee, Yee Khai Ooi, Pei Wen Koh, Chee Seng Chew, Siew Ling Lee Nanocrystalline Nitrogen-Modifed Titania Photocatalysts and Its Photodegradation Properties

PO84 Boon-Beng Lee, Nurul Ainina Zulkifli Liquid Core Capsules for Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation

PO85

Nor Azillah Fatimah Othman, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah, Nor Azwin Shukri, Sarala Selambakkanu, Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad Evaluation of Process Parameters for Graft Copolymerization of Glycidyl Methacrylate To Kenaf Fiber using Design of Experiment Method

PO86 Rosliza Mohd Salim, Amirah Naqilah Ros Azman Bioadsorbent from Sugarcane Baggase for Removal of Heavy Metals from Aqueous Solution



PO87

Tan Soo Huei, Yahaya M. Normi, Adam Thean Chor Leow, Abu Bakar Salleh, Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban, Abdul Munir Abdul Murad, Nor Muhammad Mahadi, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman Structure and Molecular Interactions of Bleg1_2507, An Uncharacterized Copper-Scaffoldprotein And Potential Drug Target, of Bacillus Lehensis G1

PO88 Nor Hayati Muhammad Product Development in Mixed Herbal Drink of Gaharu and Misai Kucing

PO89 Aemi S. Abdul Keyon, Rosanne Guijt, Christopher Bolch, Michael C. Breadmore Droplet Microfluidics For Post-Column Reactions in Capillary Electrophoresis

PO90 Selambakkannu, S., Othman, N.A.F., Mohamad, F., Bakar, K.A. and Saidi, H. Pre-Irradiation Induced Grafting Copolymerization of Glycidyl Methacrylate Onto Delignified Banana Fibers

PO91 Nur Nabilah Shahidan A Brief Study: Potential Thermally Triggered Colloidosome Gel Formation of Mixed Hollow Colloidosomes PCL/PMA System at 37˚C

PO92 Siti Fatahiyah M, S. Saiki , N. Seko Synthesis of Amine-Type Adsorbent with Emulsion Graft Polymerization for Scandium Removal

PO93 Teh Lee Peng, Sugeng Triwahyono, Aishah Abdul Jalil, Rino R. Mukti Metal-promoted Mesoporous ZSM5 for CO Methanation to Produce Synthetic Natural Gas (SNG)

PO94 Sidik, S.M., Triwahyono, S., Jalil, A.A. Synthesis Gas Production from CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni/MSN

PO95 Yaakob Abd Razak, Haslina Ahmad Synthesis, Characterization and DNA Binding Activity of a Potential DNA Intercalator

PO96 Bibi Marliana Baba, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha

Optimization of Lactic Acid Bacteria Production in Liquid Sourdough

PO97 Naji A.Mahat, Zanariah Meor Ahmad Presence of Faecal Coliforms and Selected Heavy Metals in Ice Cubes from Food Outlets in Taman Universiti, Johor Bahru, Malaysia

PO98 Fatah, N.A.A, Triwahyono, S., Jalil, A.A. n-Heptane Isomerization Over Molybdenum Oxide Supported Catalysts

PO99 S. Triwahyono, A.A. Jalil

Generation of Active Protonic Acid Site from Cyclohexane Over Pt/SO42--Al2O3 Catalyst

PO100 Rusmidah Ali, Gan Kher Shing, Nur Afiqah Badli Photocatalytic Degradation of Benzoic Acid using Titania Supported on Activated Carbon from Pineapple Peel Waste

PO101 Mohd Bakri Bakar, Tan Ke Xin, Subashani Maniam, Steven Langford

Synthesis and Photophysical Studies of Ethynyl Linked Porphyrin Arrays with Fluorenone Arms

PO102 Wan Mohd Ikhtiaruddin, Umi Kalthom Ahmad, Mohd Bakri Bakar, Rohayu Shahar Adnan, Mohd Sukri Hassan Toxicology Study of Carbon Monoxide Intoxication from Automobile Exhaust Inhalation

PO103

Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim, Nor Fairol Zukry Ahmad Rasdy, Norfazilah Mohamad, Mohd. Marsin Sanagi Sol-gel Hybrid Poly(Dimethylsiloxane)-Poly(Vinyl Chloride) Coated Solid Phase Microextraction Fibre for Extraction and Analysis of Chlorpyrifos

PO104 Fatirah Fadil, Molamma P Prabhakaran, Nor Aziah Buang, Seeram Ramakrishna An effective Approach of Electrospun PLCL Nanostructured Fibers Composite Reinforced by MWCNTs

PO105 Tengku Fazarina Tengku Ab Ghani, Hasmerya Maarof

Fragrance Base Note Recovery in Perfume using Gas Chromatography

PO106

Norazah Basar, Anupam D. Talukdar, Lutfun Nahar, Angela Stafford, Habibjon Kushiev,Asuman Kan,f and Satyajit D. Sarker Separation and Quantification of Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra Root by Semi-preparative Reversed-phase HPLC-PDA Method


26 | SKAM27 8-10 December 2014 KSL Resort, Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA

ABSTRACTS OF PLENARY SPEAKERS (PS)



PS1 AA nnoovveell oonn--lliinnee SSPPEE--FFIIAA--HHPPLLCC hhyypphheennaatteedd ssyysstteemm ffoorr tthhrreeee--

ddiimmeennssiioonnaall cchhrroommaattooggrraapphhiicc aannaallyyssiiss ooff vveeggeettaabbllee ooiillss wwiitthh aa ssiinnggllee iinnjjeeccttiioonn

Hüseyin KARA1,2, Fatma Nur Arslan1,3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkiye 2 Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkiye

3 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Karamanoğlu Mehmetbey University,Karaman, Turkiye

The oil analyses are generally carried out by using several methods as known standard methods. The standard methods, other methods and front procedures applied for oil analysis, that are required for quality-control determination of the oils; are expensive, time-consuming, laborious and requires the large amounts of solvents that may be dangerous to the health and environment. Therefore; the new alternative methods must be developed and optimized that can be less tedious, less time consuming as well as environmental friendly. The study aims to develop a new SPE-HPLC-FIA hyphenated system for three-dimensional chromatographic analysis of vegetable oils with a single injection, that allow the automatic sample pre-treatments and results can be achieved in a shorter period of time with a high reproducibility by minimizing the analyst intervention, by integration of the solid phase extraction (SPE) technique that is being implemented to pre-treatment step of many oil analyses, to the flow injection analysis (FIA) and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) systems and to gain the applicability of a new analysis methods with target system. By means of the SPE-HPLC-FIA hyphenated system, triglyceride, sterol, tocopherol, tocotrienol, wax, diglycerides, monoglycerides, free fatty acids and phospholipid analyses could be achieved. The target hyphenated system developed by adapting the various detectors, columns, multi-valve systems and the necessary system components, because each analysis method requires different analysis conditions. All of the indicated analysis realized with a single injection of oil samples. The samples injected directly to the system and with the SPE technique the pre-treatment procedures carried out as on-line over the system. For the method optimization studies, the experimental designs of 5 level/4 factors and 5 level/3 factors utilized by chemometric approach and for analysis appropriate standards and different vegetable oil samples were used. After optimization studies, the method validation studies were carried out in order to prove their applicability, besides, the results obtained from standardized and developed method were also compared. Thus, this developed method could be used as an alternative to the standard methods.

1. Cert, A.; Moreda, M.; Pe´rez-Camino, C. Journal of Chromatography A 2000, 881, 131. 2. Arslan,F. N.; Ph.D. Thesis, University of Selcuk (2011- continues).

Prof. Dr. Hüseyin KARA Selçuk University , Konya, Turkiye Phone: +90 3322233861 Fax: +90 332 241 01 06 Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkiye Phone: +90 90 332 3238243 Fax: +90 332 3238245 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biotechnology, Analytical Chemistry, Separation Techniques, Chromatography 1978-1982 B.Eng.(Chemistry) METU , Turkiye 1982-1985 M.S (Chemistry) Selcuk University, Turkiye 1985-1989 PhD (Chemistry) Selcuk University, Turkiye 1989-present Lecturer at Montania State University and Selcuk University, Turkiye 2012-present Dean of Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Turkiye

mailto:[email protected]



PPSS22 TThhee AApppplliiccaattiioonn ooff FFoorreennssiicc CChheemmiissttrryy iinn tthhee FFiigghhtt aaggaaiinnsstt FFoooodd FFrraauudd aanndd FFoooodd BBiioo--tteerrrroorriissmm

R. John Watling

Food fraud in not new, over 1900 years ago Pliny the Elder recorded that the occurrence for fraudulent

Roman wine was so great “that even the nobility could not be assured that the wine they were pouring on their table was genuine”. In the 19th century, used tea leaves were boiled with copperas (ferrous sulphate) and sheep's dung, then coloured with Prussian blue (ferric ferrocyanide), verdigris (basic copper acetate), logwood, tannin or carbon black, before being resold. Food adulteration has a similar long history with records, also in the 19th century again indicating that beer was “flavoured” with strychnine to improve its taste and “save on hops”, red cheese was “coloured” with lead oxide and mercuric sulfide and vinegar “sharpened” with the addition of sulfuric acid!

Inside the pristine bubble of a modern society, we like to think that food fraud and adulteration is far less common but is this correct? It is estimated that some 20% of supermarket produce has a false origin associated with it and instances such as the Chinese “melamine in infant milk based formula” echoed around the world with many countries removing product from their shelves which had the potential to be tainted by the use of milk products sourced in China, proving how easy it is to adulterate food. While these instances are largely motivated by greed, there is nonetheless the more sinister threat of food contamination by terrorist groups around the world, and the use for these practices to cripple countries economically as well as cause panic in a population.

Today, modern analytical techniques, associated with novel forensic practices and chemometrical interpretational regimes, are being employed to trace the provenance of foodstuffs around the world in an attempt to minimize the risk for food based bio-terrorism taking hold and also in an attempt to ensure that the consumer knows where the food they eat comes from and the farmer or producer is protected from unscrupulous fraud by competitors who want to put him out of business.

This paper will describe the use of sophisticated analytical techniques based primarily around solution and laser based Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS and ICP-MS) and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IR-MS), to identify the country of origin of foodstuffs and in many cases trace the product back to the actual farm of origin, cheaply and often in periods of less than one day.

Winthrop Professor R. John Watling 1969-72 D.I.C. Mining Geology

PhD Geochemistry and Mining Geology Imperial College of Science and Technology

1966-69 BSc (Hons) Geology University College London



PPSS33 LLiippaassee--CCaattaallyyzzeedd KKiinneettiicc RReessoolluuttiioonn ooff RRaacceemmaatteess:: AA VVeerrssaattiillee MMeetthhoodd

iinn CChhiirraall SSeeppaarraattiioonn aanndd DDrruugg DDeevveellooppmmeenntt

Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein Pharmaceutical and Medicinal Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Cairo 12311, EGYPT

[email protected]

Enzymes and especially lipases are biological catalysts of extraordinary selectivity and efficiency. They catalyze and regulate reactions of important biochemical pathways. In common with all catalysts, they accelerate the attainment of chemical equilibrium but can not mediate a thermodynamically unfavorable reaction. Since they are chiral, they are able to assert a dramatic chiral influence on the reaction due to the chiral active site they owe. The reactant molecules are bound instantaneously to the active site while the reaction takes place. Only one enantiomer of a chiral reactant fits it properly and is able to undergo the reaction while the second enantiomer is left unreacted and in enantiomerically pure form. Lipases, have been widely used in three main types of reactions yielding optically pure compounds. These are kinetic resolution of racemic carboxylic acids or alcohols, enantioselective group differentiations of meso dicarboxylic acids or meso diols and enantiotopic group differentiation of prochiral dicarboxylic acid and diol derivatives. Enantiomerically pure drugs especially those containing a secondary hydroxyl or carboxylic functional groups are preferably synthesized by enzymatic kinetic resolution of the racemates. This biochemical transformation process has become a standard reaction protocol to access to enantiomarically pure compounds.1 The ways in which efficiency and practicality of this procedure are defined is depending on a large numbers of factors. Among these factors are scale,2 reagent costs, time allotted and required,3 suitable equipments and reliable methods used in the determination of the enantiomeric excess of substrate and the resulting product. In this presentation, the applications of lipases to access to enantiomarically pure compounds together with the reliable methods used in chiral separation are discussed.

Prof. Emeritus Dr. Hassan Y. Aboul-Enein Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, National Research Center, Dokki, Cairo 12311, EGYPT 1964 B.Sc. Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University Cairo, Arab Republic of Egypt 1969 M.Sc. Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of

Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, U.S.A. 1971 Ph.D. Medicinal Chemistry School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, Mississippi 38677, U.S.A

O

O OLipaseOrg. Solv.

R

OH

*

R

O

O

*R

OH

*+ + +

(R/S)-alcohol Isopropenyl acetate (acyl agent)

(R)-ester (S)-alcohol




PPSS44 EElleeccttrroossppuunn--bbaasseedd nnaannooffiibbeerrss aanndd tthheeiirr aapppplliiccaattiioonnss iinn eennvviirroonnmmeennttaall

aanndd pphhaarrmmaacceeuuttiiccaall aannaallyyssiiss

Habib Bagheri

Environmental and Bio-Analytical Laboratories, Department of Chemistry, Sharif University of Technology, P.O. Box 11365-9516, Tehran-Iran

Electrospinning is a versatile method for production of nonwoven fibers ranging in size from nano to micro

scale. In this methodology, under application of high voltages to a viscous polymeric solution, the electrostatic repulsive force overcomes the surface tension of the polymeric solution, and a charged polymeric jet ejects from the solution and flies toward the collector and forms the fibrous material with diameters in the scale of nano- to micrometer. Electrospun nanofibers were recently applied for extraction of desired analytes by micro-solid phase extraction and solid phase microextraction [1-4]. A wide range of polymers, composites, and ceramic precursor solutions have been electrospun into non-woven fiber mats. Sometimes electrospinning is followed by secondary operations, such as heat treatment or coating the previously electrospun fibers. The primary setup for electrospinning includes a spinneret with a metallic needle, a high voltage power supply, and a grounded collector. Many processing parameters affect the fiber diameter, such as distance between needle and collector, polymer flow rate, and the applied voltage. By changing the primary electrospinning set up, the construction and morphology of the electrospun nanofibers can be altered. Electrospun fibers are randomly pointed and form nonwoven mats while for broader applications of electrospinning it is desirable to generate nanofibers with periodic or organized structures. Increasing the rotational speed of the collecting drum, introducing a potential across a gap or series of gaps in the collecting electrode, introducing an external lens element or a viscous liquid environment, or rapidly oscillating a grounded frame within the liquid jet are some typical influential examples. All of these methods rely on minimizing the fiber instability by applying external forces on the fibers during production. In this presentation, novel approaches toward preparation of nanofibers by electrospinnig along with their applications in separation science are discussed. References

1. J. W. Zewe, J. K. Steach, S. V. Olesik, Anal. Chem., 2010, 82, 5341-5348. 2. H. Bagheri, A. Aghakhani, M. Baghernejad, A. Akbarinejad, Anal. Chim. Acta, 2012, 716, 34-39. 3. H. Bagheri, A. Roostaie, J. Chromatogr. A, 2014, 1324, 11-20. 4. H. Bagheri, H. Piri-Moghadam, S. Rastegar, RSC Advances, 2014, 4, 52590-52597.



ABSTRACTS OF INVITED SPEAKERS (IS)



IS1 GGrreeeenn AAnnaallyyttiiccaall CChheemmiissttrryy:: TThhee WWaayy FFoorrwwaarrdd

Bahruddin Saad, Ahmed Makahleh

School of Chemical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Analytical laboratories of the twenty first century are facing with the ever increasing number of samples that need to be analysed within short turnaround times, the complicated matrices, the need for lower sensitivity requirements, and often with dwindling financial resources. The disposal costs of waste solvents can also be prohibitive. Green analytical approaches are poised to meet many of these challenges. This presentation will highlight the important principles of green analytical chemistry, paying particular attention to minimization of wastes and sustainable practices. Illustrative examples from our work will be used where appropriate. Pertinent advantages of these green approaches over the conventional ones will be compared and contrasted.



IISS22 SSttuuddiieess oonn EEnnddooccrriinnee DDiissrruuppttiinngg CChheemmiiccaallss iinn MMaallaayyssiiaa –– WWhheerree AArree WWee??

Md. Pauzi Abdullah

Centre of Water Research and Analysis (ALIR), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor

U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) defines endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDC) as an exogenous agent that interferes with synthesis, secretion,transport, metabolism, binding action, or elimination ofnatural blood-borne hormones that are present in thebody and are responsible for homeostasis, reproduction,and developmental process.Known EDCs include pesticides, synthetic chemicals like PCBs and dioxin, polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), phtahlates and some pharmaceuticals agents. Pharmaceuticalresidues and EDCs have been detected in various matrices particularly in aquatic environment around the world, with some identified in drinking water as well.These chemicals were introduced into the water sources through sewage which carries the excreta of humans, from uncontrolled drug disposal, from animal farms discharges, from agricultural runoff, from fossil fuel combustion and from burning of biomass. Reports of EDCs and pharmaceuticals in water have raised concerns among the public and regulatory agencies. Most of these compounds are more polar than traditional contaminants, having either acidic or basic functional groups. These properties, coupled with trace quantities, posed unique challenges for both analytical detection and removal process.The study on the occurrence and distribution of pesticides and PAHs in aquatic environment in Malaysia is ubiquitous but the study on pharmaceutical residues and other EDCs in water is still limited. Works by our research group indicates the presence of pharmaceuticals such as acetaminophen, prazosin, simvastatin and caffeine in sewage treatment plants and in river water. In addition our recent study in Cameron Highlands aquatic environment indicate the presence of most organochlorine pesticides e.g. HCHs, DDTs, endrin, heptachlor and endosulfan in surface water and sediment and most recently in its drinking water source. Estrogenic hormones in water are less likely to cause adverse effects in humans due to their extremely low concentration and exposures. Assessment of risks to human health associated with long-term exposure to low concentrations of pharmaceuticals and the combined effects of mixture of pharmaceuticals still need to be done. There are studies indicated that fish living below wastewater treatment plants had several reproductive abnormalities. The effect of EDCs and pharmaceutical pollution is also still not apparent in Malaysia due to its vast supply of water. However, the effects become apparent and serious in dry places where water supply is scarce. In such places, alternative methods like water recycling, groundwater reuse are practiced to ensure adequate supply throughout the year. The potential impacts of EDCs and pharmaceuticals become more prominent especially when municipal wastewater effluent is used for direct or indirect potable reuse. It is high time now that more detail and systematic studies in the field of monitoring and health risk assessment pertaining to EDCs are carried out by researchers in Malaysia.



IISS33 MMaannaaggeemmeenntt ooff AAqquueeoouuss CCoonnttaammiinnaannttss bbyy CCaalliixxaarreenneess

Shahabuddin Memon National Center of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro 76080, Pakistan

[email protected]

The management of wastewater contaminants is one of critical and common problems, which are

experienced mainly due to increased population growth and industrial activity. Nevertheless, a large amount of wastewater contaminants is generated by textile, food, paper, tanneries, ink manufacturing and electroplating industries etc. Therefore, remediation of such noxious pollutants is a leading task for scientists to protect human health as well as environment. Various attempts have been made for the remediation. However, the calixarenes, due to their three dimensional cavity type structure and enzyme mimic properties; they are extensively used as selective host molecules for cations, anions and neutral molecules in host guest chemistry. The calixarenes are polycyclic aromatic compounds formed by the condensation of p-substituted phenol and formaldehyde in the presence of base and can be derivatized conveniently according to the desire and purpose concerning their application in various fields. The ion/molecular recognition characteristics of these compounds appear to be highly dependent upon the nature and number of donor atoms and also upon the conformation of the calixarene moiety. Consequently, a variety of sophisticated ion/molecule complexing ligands containing a calixarene backbone have been designed and synthesized for use as selective extractants/sensing agents for the management of toxins. Nowadays, calixarenes are also extensively applied in a variety of analytical fields such as chromatography, catalysis, sensor/nanotechnology, nanofiltration and etc. [1-4]. Herein, the synthesis and application of various calixarene based functional materials used in separation of different ionic or organic toxins from aqueous environment and in the field of sensor technology will be discussed. Keywords: Calixarenes, Adsorption, Host-Guest Chemistry, Supramolecular Chemistry.

1. C.D Gutsche, in: J.F. Stoddart. (Ed.), Calixarenes Revisited; Royal Society of Chemistry, Cambridge, England, 1998.

2. Yilmaz M., Memon S., Tabakci M., and Bartsch R. A. “Design of Polymer Appended Calixarenes as Ion Carriers”, in “New Frontiers in Polymer Research” Nova Science Publishers, Inc. 400 Oser Avenue, Suite 1600, Hauppauge, NY 11788 (2006) pp-125-172.

3. Qureshi, I.; Memon, S.; Yilmaz, M. J. Hazard. Mater. 164 (2009) 675. 4. Qazi M. A, Ocak Ü., Ocak M., Memon S., Analytica Chimica Acta 761

(2013) 157.




IS4 AAnn eelleeccttrroocchheemmiiccaall DDNNAA sseennssoorr bbaasseedd oonn SSiiNNWWss//AAuuNNPPss mmooddiiffiieedd iinnddiiuumm

ttiinn ooxxiiddee ((IITTOO)) eelleeccttrrooddee ffoorr eeaarrllyy ddeetteeccttiioonn ooff ddeenngguuee vviirruuss

Jahwarhar Izuan Abdul Rashid1*, Jaafar Abdullah2 Uda Hashim3, Nor Azah Yusof 4** 1,2,4,Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

1Department of Chemistry and Biology, Centre for Defense Foundation Studies, National Defense University of Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3Institute of Nanoelectronic Engineering,Universiti Malaysia Perlis, Kangar, Perlis 2,4,Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia Dengue virus diseases arisen as one of the serious public health problems for the world population. Worst, there is no

specific medication or antibiotic to kill the dengue virus but just solely depend on the treatment to relief from the dengue virus infection symptoms. Therefore, the development of rapid and cheaper diagnostic detection for dengue virus at early stage is seemed as an important effort today. The electrochemical detection based on DNA dengue virus hybridization can offer an advantageous for fast sensing and direct due to can convert the hybridization event into a direct electrical signal. As the strategy to enhance the electrochemical responses of DNA dengue detection, electrode modification utilized of combined SiNWs with AuNPs was investigated.

The pretreated ITO was soaked in a mixture solution containing H2O, NH4OH (30%) and H2O2(30%) in the ratio of 5:1:1 (10 minutes) before washing with dH2O and dried under N2 gas. 10 µl of SiNWs in 0.5% APTES was dropped casting onto ITO surface (0.5 cm x 0.5 cm) and incubated (3 hours) at room temperature. It was then washed thoroughly with ethyl-ethanol and baked at 100 °C for 30 minutes. The ITO-SiNWs electrode was then immersed in 5 mM DTPA solution for 24 hours in dark room at room temperature. Subsequently, the working ITO-SiNWs electrode was incubated in AuNPs suspension for 2 hours, rinsed with deionized water and dried under nitrogen stream. 20 µl of thiolated ssDNA probe (3µM) was immobilized for 24 hours at room temperature. It was then washed with TE buffer to remove any unbounded thiolated ssDNA probe. 20µl of target complementary DNA was incubated on the surface of modified ITO (2 hours) at 40 °C for hybridization process. It was then followed by washing the excess of target DNA complementary with TE buffer solution. The hybridized DNA-modified ITO was immersed into 50 µM MB for 20 minutes without applying any potential and measured by differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) in blank supporting electrolyte.

An electrochemical DNA sensor based on SiNWs/AuNPs modified ITO was fabricated. As shown in Fig. 1A), SiNWs was successfully decorated by AuNPs on ITO surface. Upon the DNA hybridization, the DPV of MB current was decreased due to less MB accumulation on hybrid DNA modified ITO [1]. In preliminary studies, the DPV current of MB was decreased linearly with the increasing of amount target of synthetic DNA (445 ng/mL-0.0891 ng/mL) and have shown high selectivity towards different kinds of synthetic DNA target (Fig. 1B). The fabricated biosensor has been evaluated in varying dilution of genomic DNA dengue virus concentration (PCR amplicons) and capable to discriminate the MB signal between the negative control and genomic DNA dengue virus detection (Fig. 1C and D).

A B C D Figure 1. A) SEM image of SiNWs/AuNPs-modified ITO; B) Analytical performance of biosensor towards DNA DENV synthetic detection, Inset: Selectivity studies: a) DNA probe, b) Non-complementary c) single base mismatch d) DNA complementary; C) Sensitivity studies on varying genomic DNA concentration; D) Selectivity studies on different kinds of genomic DNA. Prof. Dr. Nor Azah Yusof Head of Functional Devices Laboratory Institute of Advanced Technology Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +60192421472 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected]





IISS55 SSeelleeccttiivvee SSuurrffaaccee CChhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss aanndd EExxttrraaccttiioonn PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee ooff aa NNiittrroo--GGrroouupp EExxpplloossiivvee MMoolleeccuullaarrllyy IImmpprriinntteedd PPoollyymmeerr

NorhafizaIlyanaYatima, Marinah M. Ariffina*

, Norhayati M. Tahira,b

aSchool of Marine and Environmental Sciences,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

bInstitute of Oceanography,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21300 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

A molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was synthesized by bulk polymerization using 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene

(TNT) as an imprinting molecule and incorporated as a Molecularly Imprinted Solid Phase Extractions (MISPE) sorbents. The physical imprinting effect of MIP was also characterized and compared to the non-imprinted polymer (NIP) using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Brunauer, Emmett and Teller (BET). BET analysis managed to confirm the existence of the narrow necks and wide bodycavities that match with the size and shape of the imprinting molecules within MIP mesoporous monolith, as opposed to the narrow slit-like pores in NIP.Its extraction performance was analyzed using HPLC-UV at 254 nm. Chromatographic investigation for TNT and its metabolites was performed on C18 Synergy Hydro-RP column using a binary mixture of water and methanol at a constant flow rate of 1.0 mL/min. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ) range were 0.03-0.07 µg mL-1 and 0.05-0.11 µgmL-1, respectively. Results demonstrated that the MIP showed excellent selectivitytoward TNT with percentage recovery and RSD valuesof 94.1±13.7 as compared to NIP (72.1±7.3). Cross-selectivity study of the MIP towards TNT metabolites, namely 2 amino-4,6-dinitrotoluene (2-ADNT) and 4 amino-2,6-dinitrotoluene (4-ADNT) were also carried out and exhibits the low recoveries of these metabolites i.e.of 31.7±27.2 and 41.2±6.1, respectively.The bindingcapacity of MIP cartridge (20 mg/1mL cartridge) was evaluated and calculated about 0.15µg/mgof polymer.This work was successfully applied in soil samples. From the analysis of quarry samples it revealed the detection of TNT amounting to 0.06 µg/mL and 0.07 µg/mL by imprinted polymer (MISPE) and commercial SPE (STRATA-X), respectively, in 1 g of soil samples. The performance of developed MISPE was good and comparable to the commercial SPE (STRATA-X). Assoc. Prof. Dr. Marinah Mohd Ariffin Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +613 9330077 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Separation Technique, Analytical Chemistry 1991-1994 App.Sc. (Industrial Chemistry) USM, Malaysia 1995-1997 MSc. (Chemistry) USM, Malaysia 2003-2007 PhD. (Forensic Toxicology), University of Glasgow, Scotland 1999-present Lecturer, UMT, Malaysia



IISS66 SSiiggnniiffiiccaanntt PPaarraammeetteerrss aanndd OOxxiiddaattiivvee SSttaabbiilliittiieess ooff SSoommee CCoolldd PPrreesssseedd

SSeeeedd OOiillss

Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi1,2,3 * , Hamide Filiz Ayyildiz2, Mustafa Topkafa2, Huseyin Kara2,3 1 National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Selcuk, Konya, Turkey 3Deanery of Faculty of Science, University of Necmettin Erbakan, Konya, Turkey

This study was conducted to evaluate the fatty acid composition (FAC), tocols profile and oxidative stability

of some nonconventional cold pressed seed oils including pumpkin seed, walnut seed, flaxseed, black seed, and poppy seed. The oils were analyzed for FAC by capillary gas liquid chromatography (GLC), tocols by Normal Phase high performance liquid chromatography (NP-HPLC), oxidative stability (OS) by rancimat, free fatty acid (FFA), peroxide value (PV) and iodine value (IV) by titrimetric methods. The results of FAC indicated that almost equal level of PUFAs was observed in walnut seed oil and poppy seed oil (~72 %) while pumpkin and black seed oil contained almost 54-55%. In flaxseed oil PUFA was found to be approximately 67%. Saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in analysed cold pressed seed oils were ranged between 9-18% and 17-28%, respectively. Tocols contents were found to be in the range between ~490-932 mg/kg oil and the oxidative stability of the cold pressed seed oils ranged between 3.57-4.92 h. All of the oils investigated provide a healthy fatty acid profile with low level of TFAs (0.04-0.09%) under the limit recommended by WHO (<1%) and high levels of natural tocols as no processing is involved to decrease the the natural bioactives. So, cold pressed seed oils are good dietary source of tocols.

Keywords: Cold pressed seed oil, fatty acid composition, tocols profile, oxidative stability, rancimat Syed Tufail Hussain Sherazi National Centre of Excellence in Analytical Chemistry, University of Sindh, Jamshoro, Pakistan Phone: +92 229213430 Fax: +92 229213430 E-mail: [email protected] 1982-1984 B.Sc. University of Punjab, Pakistan 1985-1987 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Gomal University, Pakistan 1992-1996 Ph.D. (Chemistry) University of Sindh, Pakistan 2006-2007 Postdoc (Chemistry) McGill University, Canada 2004-Todate Professor 2013 Best University Teacher Award from Higher Education

Commission (HEC), Pakistan




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Norashikin Saim, Rozita Osman, Halila Jasmani, Mohamad Shukri Kamaruddin, Raja Zubaidah Raja

Sabaradin, Aina Fadiah Abu Bakar

Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

[email protected]

Pyrolysis-gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (Py-GC-MS) was applied in the comparative analysis of red car paints of various car models. The pyrograms gave very large and complex datasets and the interpretation of the acquired pyrograms was quite challenging. Chemometric technique, known as a powerful tool for the interpretation of complex analytical data was applied to the pyrogram data sets. Based on 58 most abundant peaks, hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) was able to group the red car paint samples into clusters in accordance to the car model. This study demonstrated the potential of using Py-GC-MS combined with chemometric analysis for differentiation of red car paints based on car models, thus increasing the evidence value of car paints in forensic investigation. Keywords: Car paints, Pyrolysis, Hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA) Prof. Dr. Norashikin Saim Fakulti Sains Gunaan Universiti Teknologi MARA Phone: 0355444622 Fax: 0355444562 E-mail: [email protected] 1978-1982 B.A.(Chemistry) Knox College, USA 1982-1985 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Kansas State University, USA 1996-1999 Ph.D. (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia


tel:%2B92%20229213430




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Norhayati Mohd Tahir1,2, Mazrura Sahani3, Mohd Talib Latif4,5 and Md Firoz Khan5

1Institute of Oceanography, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia. 2School of Marine Science and Environment , Universiti Malaysia Terengganu,

21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia, 3Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 5Research Centre for Tropical Climate Change, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia Air pollution is of great concern worldwide owing to its potential environmental, socio-economic and health

impacts. The majority of the Asian countries have undergone rapid economic development since the 80’s. Increased urbanization, industrialization and vehicular usage in most major cities across Asia coupled with trans-boundary haze pollution in South East Asia (SEA) region and Asian Dust (AD) phenomenon for other northern Asian countries have contributed to the increase in the reported air pollution episodes across the region. It is not surprising that research on various aspects related to air pollution are gaining momentum ranging from characterization of types of pollutants, their sources, socio-economic and health impacts, modelling and transport of pollutants as well managements and control aspects. Malaysia, like other neighboring SEA countries also suffers from air pollution episodes with the haze of April 1983 being reported as the earliest air pollution episode which caused severe disruption to daily life. Since then, Malaysia has witnessed several major prolonged episodes in the 90’s such as 1991, 1992, 1997 and 2000’s such as 2003, 2005, 2006 and 2013 episodes. The DOE has been monitoring the ambient air quality for the country as part of the Malaysian Continuous Air Quality Monitoring (MCAQM) programme since 1996 whilst Malaysian Meteorological Department (MMD) also monitors selected air quality parameters, mostly at remote areas and airports. This presentation will review some of the work carried out by researchers using the data gathered by these agencies to study long term trend of air quality and their association with air polluion episodes. In addition, research conducted by local scientists on chemical characteriation and source identification/apportionement of selected air pollutants and their health impacts will also be reviewed and reported. This presentation will end with a brief look into the newly proposed Malaysian Ambient Air Quality guidelines. Keywords: air pollution review, air quality guideline, pollutant types, Malaysia, health impact Prof. Dr. Norhayati Mohd Tahir School of Marine Science & Environment/ Institute of Oceanography & Environment (INOS) Tel: 6096685165. Fax: 6096884331 Email: [email protected] 1983: BSc (Chemistry) University of Bristol, United Kingdom 1988: PhD (Chemstry) University of Bristol, United Kingdom Present: Professor, University Malaysia Terengganu

tel:6096685165

tel:6096884331




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iinn tthhee EEnnvviirroonnmmeenntt

Sukiman B. Sarmani

Nuclear Science Research Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor.

Nuclear analytical methods are techniques based on the measurement of radioactivity or nuclear properties. The techniques include gamma-ray spectroscopy, alpha spectroscopy, x-ray fluorescene spectrometry (XRF), proton induced x-ray emmission (PIXE), Inductively-Coupled Plasma (ICP). The analysis may be carried out instrumentally or after a specific radiochemical separation procedure. The detection limits of these techniques generally are excellent at less than nano-gramme or pico-gramme levels. With such sensitivity they are well suited for the analysis of trace and ultra-trace elements in environmental samples. Another advantage of the methods is that the methods can be used to analyse several elements in small sample weights in the order of milligramme. This presentation reviews some applications of neutron activation analysis method and inductive-coupled plasma with mass spectrometry in trace elements studies of environmental samples in order to understand the bio-physico-chemical processes involved in their distribution and partition. Samples analysed include water, soils, sediments, plant tissues, food stuff and human head hair. Speciation studies are also carried out for arsenic and mercury as their toxicity depends on their chemical forms. Published works by the late Prof. Dr. Alias Mohd. Yusof in this field will be highlighted to commemorate his contribution in developing and advancing this field in Malaysia.



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AAnnttaarrccttiicc MMaarriinnee Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman1,2*, Azren Aida1,2, Emilia Abdulmalek1,2, Abu Bakar Salleh1 and Bimo

Ario Tejo3

1Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

.2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

3Center for Infectious Diseases Research, Surya University, Jalan Boulevard Gading Serpong Blok O/1, Scientia Business Park, Tangerang 15810, Indonesia

Antifreeze proteins (AFPs) are synthesized by various cold-adapted organisms to enable them to survive in

subzero environment. The potential for an ice crystal to grow is therefore arrested by this mechanism1. Most exciting is that AFPs are now leading to promising commercial applications such as improving the texture of ice-cream, extending the half-life of frozen foods and as far as cryosurgery2. In this peptidomimetics work, we have studied the antifreeze activity of short helical protein fragments (peptides) instead of the entire antifreeze protein of Antarctic yeast Glaciozyma antarctica (Figure 1) and shorthorn sculpin fish3.

Several short peptide segments were designed according to amino acid sequence of helical region of the antifreeze protein, which are assumed to be involved in its antifreeze activity. We have demonstrated that short peptide segments derived from yeast AFP possess antifreeze activity and result in modification of the ice crystals growth rates and habits. Finally the peptides structural conformations have been established (Figure 2) by using solution NMR spectroscopy4. This strategy has enabled the preparation of short AFP with high antifreeze activity in large amount of quantities at a low cost further opens the chance of developing the commercial potentials of AFPs.

1. Sicheri F. and Yang D. S. Nature 1995, 375, 427-431. 2. Nutt D. R. and Smith J. C. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 13066-

13073. 3. Hashim H.N.F. et al. Extremophiles 2013, 17(1), 63-73. 4. Shah S.H. et al. PLoS One 2012, 7:e49788.

Prof. Dr. Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +603 89466798 Fax: +603 894353800 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biocatalysis Chemistry, Computational Chemistry, Structural Biology 1990-1995 B.Sc.(Chem) with Comp. Sc. and Edu., UTM 1995-1999 Ph.D. (Chemistry) Univ. of Southampton, UK 1999-2003 Lecturer of Chemistry at UPM 2003-2008 Associate Professor of Chemistry at UPM 2008-2013 Director, Malaysia Genome Institute 2009-present Professor of Chemistry at UPM

Figure 2 (A) peptide 1 m; (B) peptide 3; (C) peptide 4 m. PDB accession codes 2LQ0, 2LQ1 and 2LQ2, respectively.

Figure 1 Ab initio predicted structure of AFP1 from G. antarctica



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Ahmad Saat1,2, Nor Shazlina Zainal1, Farah Ismail1, Nurul Hidayah M Dzarawi1, Zaini Hamzah1

1Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia. 2Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

Barks samples of Swietenia mahagoni (Pokok Tunjuk Langit), Pinus caribaea (Pokok Rhu) and lichens

were collected along high traffic volume highways, town roads and Shah Alam area in Malaysia respectively. The samples were analyzed using optimized and calibrated Energy Dispersive X-rays Fluorescence (EDXRF) technique to determine the pollution related elemental concentrations of arsenic, chromium, copper, lead, zinc and iron. For all the heavy metals studied, the EDXRF technique showed good recovery of the elements in standard samples. These concentrations were compared with concentrations in samples taken from relatively remote locations as well as other studies. For Swietenia mahagoni the average concentrations along highways varies according to Cr<Cu<As<Pb<Zn<Fe, while from remote area Cr<Pb<As<Cu<Zn<Fe, indicating relatively high input of Pb along the highways. Depending on elements, the concentrations along highways were between 5 to 47 times higher than concentrations from remote areas. While for Pinus caribaea identical elemental variation of Cr<As<Pb<Cu<Zn<Fe were observed for samples along the roads and remote samples. Depending on elements the relative concentrations along highways were between 2 to 5 times higher. For lichens, the elemental concentrations variation follows Cr<As<Zn<Cu<Pb. These indicated adsorption and accumulation of heavy metals has taken place on the tree barks as well as lichens. Co-relational investigations between elements were also carried out for pollution source assessment. The study suggested that tree barks of Swietenia mahagoni and Pinus caribaea and lichens samples coupled to EDXRF technique could be used as indicators for heavy metals pollution.

1. Böhm, P.; Wolterbeek, H.,; Verburg, T.; Musilek, L., Environmental Pollution, 1998, 102, 243-250 2. Coskun, M., Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2006, 121, 173-179. 3. Kord, B.; Babaie, S.; Mataji, A., Int. J. Environmental Science and Technology, 2010. 7 (1), 79-84. 4. Yahaya, M.I.; Ezeh, G.C.; Musa, Y.F.;Mohammad, S.Y., African J. Pure and Appl. Chem., 2010, 4(3),

22-30. 5. Schulz, H.; Popp, P.; Huhn, G.; Stark, H. J.; Schqrmann, G., Science Total Enviromental, 1999, 232, 49–

58. 6. Mazlin, M., Laily, D., Nurul Aznida, M.L., Raja Ibrahim, R.U., Rahim,I., Yaakub, O., Malaysian Journal

of Analytical Sciences, Vol. 10, No. 1, 2006, 185-188. 7. Kuang, Y.W., Zhou, G.Y., Wen, D.Z., Liu, S.Z., Env. Sci. Pollut. Res. 14 (4), 2007, 270-275.

Ahmad Saat, PhD Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +019-9317778 Fax: +0355443870 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Low-level Environmental Radiation; NORM & Heavy Metals Pollution; Indoor and outdoor radon gas 1983 B.Sc (Ed)(Hon), USM, Malaysia 1988 M.Sc (Radiation Physics), USM, Malaysia 1998 PhD, Liverpool University, UK 1990-present Lecturer/Assoc. Prof., UiTM Malaysia



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Farediah Ahmad1*, Nik Shazwani Afifah Nik Sazali1, Muhammad Taher2 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor

2Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Kulliyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, 25200, Kuantan, Pahang

Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy has been a tool of great important in identification and characterization of organic, inorganic, organometallic and natural products. Fourier-transform (FT) NMR was introduced due to advancement of large magnetic field strengths and increasingly refined probes thus allowing high rapid acquisition of spectra with high sensitivity and resolution using small amount of sample1. NMR experiments such as one dimension (1D) and two dimensions (2D) would generate good information about the structure of a simple and larger organic molecule. The 1D-NMR (1H and 13C) representing different chemical shifts, couplings, and coupling constants of 1H (Figure 1) and 13C nuclei in different chemical environment. The DEPT experiment (1D) is an advance technique to determine the number of hydrogen attached to a given carbon atom. Two dimensions NMR experiments are chosen when signals of 1D-NMR spectra are overcrowded. COSY, HMBC and HMQC are the common 2D experiments applied to deal with complex profile of signals.

The NMR experiments (1D and 2D) have been applied to elucidate structures of natural products isolated from Garcinia griffithii T Anderson. Nine compounds comprised of triterpenes and biflavonoids have been elucidated based on NMR analyses (Scheme 1). Structural confirmations were further supported by mass spectral data3.

Figure 1 1H nuclei chemical shift2

1. Bross, W. N.; Kuhn, T.; Moskau, D.; Zerbe, O.; Chemistry & Biodiversity, 2005, 2, 147. 2. Fuloria, N. K, Fuloria, S.; J. Anal Bioanal Techniques S11, 2013, doi:10.4172/2155-9872.S11-001.

Assoc Prof. Dr Farediah Ahmad Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, UTM Skudai, Johor Bahru. E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Natural Products Chemistry, Chemistry of Flavonoids

1977 - 1980 B.Sc (Hons), UKM 1981-1985 PhD, UKC, United Kingdom 1985-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia

Scheme 1 HMBC correlations between rings of biflavonoid




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Mohamed Noor Hasan

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor.

Chemometrics is the chemical discipline that uses mathematical and statistical methods to relate

measurements made on a chemical system to the state of the system. Some of the applications of chemometric methods in chemistry include calibration, signal processing, experimental design and pattern recognition. With the advent of highly sophisticated instruments, able to produce large amount of data in a very short time, and the ability to produce computer-generated descriptors to encode structural features of chemical compounds, chemometrics provides a plethora of sophisticated methods to establish diagnostic patterns out of these complex data. In this presentation some examples of such studies will be discussed. In the first example, chemometric methods were used to determine the type of accelerants used in arson cases. Samples of fire debris were analysed using GC-MS and the GC profiles were classified using Principal Components Analysis to determine the type of petroleum-based accelerants used to start the fire. In the second study various pattern recognition methods, originating from statistical and machine learning techniques, were used to classify analogues of artemisinin as antimalarial agents. Finally some real life problems and applications for which chemometric methods might be able to provide the solutions will be discussed.

Prof. Dr. Mohamed Noor Hassan Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science, UTM Johor Bahru. E-mail: [email protected]



ABSTRACTS OF ORAL PRESENTATIONS



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Syabilah Sazeli1, Ahmad Saat1,2, Zaini Hamzah1,*,

1 Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

2 Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

*Corresponding author: [email protected]

Radon is the only radioactive gas present naturally and decays by emitting α-radiation. If inhaled, the high

energy α-radiations especially from its progenies can damage lung tissue cells and initiate lung cancer. Radon originated from decays of uranium found naturally in earth’s crusts, and can accumulate up to dangerous concentration in a low air ventilation space like caves. In this study 222Rn (an isotope of radon) concentration levels and emanation rate inside and outside of a cave, Gua Tempurung in Perak was determined using SSNTD method. The cave is a famous tourist attraction, especially during weekends and holidays. Home-made passive radon monitors containing CR-39 SSNTD plates were placed at various locations and exposed for about three months in the cave. The exposed CR-39 plates were then etched and counted for the number of 222Rn tracks damaged on the CR-39 SSNTD. Average radon gas concentrations inside and outside the cave found to range from 28.8 Bqm-3 to 484 Bqm-3 depending on locations inside the cave. These values are considered low by world standard for caves however the USEPA indoor action limit is 148 Bqm-3. The average 222Rn emanation rate inside the cave was 3.77 mBq m-2 h-1. Assessment on the annual effective radiation dose was found to range from 0.71 mSvyr-1 at the entrance and 12.21 mSvyr-1 at a point inside the cave. This is almost comparable to the ICRP indoor action level of between 3 to 10 mSvyr-1. The radiological health impact on visitors is expected to be negligible, since majority of them spent only a few hours inside the cave.

3. Ahmad, S., Nurulhuda, K., Zaini, H., and Ahmad, F., (2010). Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, Vol. 7(2), 49-54

4. Ahmad, S., and Zaini, H., (2012). Proceeding, INTEC Academic Conference, 48-54 5. Al-Saleh, F.S., (2007). Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 65, 843 – 848. 6. Gillmore, G.K., Gilbertson, D., Grattan, J., Chris Hunt, McLaren, S., Pyatt, B., Banda, R.M., Barker, G.,

Denman, A., Phillips P., and Reynolds, T., (2005). Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 60, 213–227 Assoc. Prof. Dr Zaini Hamzah Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Phone: +60 3 5544 4598 Fax: +60 3 5544 4562 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Research interests: Radiochemistry, Environmental Chemistry 1975-1978 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 1979-1980 Post Graduate Diploma (Chemistry) Kelsterton College, Wales 1980-1981 M Sc (Nuclear & Radiation Chemistry), Salford, England 1981-1983 PhD (Radioanalytical Chemistry), Salford, England 1983-1990 Research Officer, Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Bangi 1990-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia





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PPeerraakk,, MMaallaayyssiiaa

Nur Atiqa Mohd Anuar1, Ahmad Saat1,2, Zaini Hamzah1, Ab Khalik Wood1,*

1 Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.



Heavy metals and radionuclide contamination become worldwide issues nowadays. The bioaccumulation of

these contaminants would pose serious impact to the environment especially to the aquatic life and to human population due to their toxicity as a consequence of exposure and ingestion. The study focused on cockles (Anadara granosa) samples that are considered as delicacies by Malaysians, to determine the concentration of Hg, Pb, Cd, As and Th in their tissues. Samples were obtained from five cockles farming area on the coast of Selangor and Perak. Prior to analysis samples were divided into three ranges of size (small, medium and large). The prepared samples were then analyzed by using EDXRF technique. The technique was validated using standard materials (NIST2976, muscle tissue, and CRM1566b, Oyster tissues) giving recovery of between 91% and 120% depending on elements. Generally the results showed that higher concentrations are found in medium and large cockle samples as compared to smaller ones. However statistically (at p >0.05) no significant relationship between the elements’ in tissues of cockles and their body size was observed. The concentrations follow the order of As > Pb > Cd > Th > Hg. The concentration of these elements were found to be below the permissible limit set by Malaysian Food Regulation 1985 limits except for As that exceed the permissible limits by nearly ten-folds. The ingestion doses of each element studied were also calculated.

1. Yap, C.K., and Tan, S.G., Malays. Appl. Biol, 2008, 37(2): 63-68. 2. Mohamed, C. A. R., Tee, L. T., Ahmad, Z., Journal Of Nuclear And Related Technologies: 2006, 69-75. 3. Fang, Z.Q., Cheung, R.Y, Wong M.H., J Environ Sci (China), 2003, 15(1): 9-24 4. Igwe, J. C., Abia, A. A., The physical scientist, 2003 2: 210-215. 5. Alina, M., Azrina, A., Mohd Yunus, A.S., Mohd Zakiuddin, S., Mohd Izuan Effendi, H. And Muhammad

Rizal, R., Malays. Appl. Biol, 2011, 37(2): 43-78. Dr Ab Khalik Wood Universiti Technologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Phone: +60 3 55211758 Fax: +60 3 5544 4562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental analysis/ radiochemistry. 1973-1976 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 1977-1978 M.Sc (Nuclear and Radiation Chemistry) Salford University, UK 1978 - 1981 PhD (Radioanalytical Chemistry) Salford University, UK 1981- 2011 Research Officer Agency Nuclear Malaysia. 2011- present Lecturer, UiTM, Shah Alam, Selangor.




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RRaaddiioonnuucclliiddeess DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn iinn TTeelluukk RRuubbiiaahh,, MMaannjjuunngg PPeerraakk Zaini Hamzah1, Ahmad Saat1,2, Fetri Zainal1,*, Abd Khalik Wood1

1Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

2Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

Melastoma malabatricum, known as senduduk in Malaysia was chosen as sample for their abundances and properties to measure surface soil contamination. The plants were collected surrounding Manjung area, in three different directions (North, North-East and South-East) from Teluk Rubiah, Manjung Perak in both seasons, dry and rainy. The plants were collected in same size and then separated in to three parts (roots, stems and leaves) to determine the concentrations of radionuclides and the transfer factor from soil to each part.. The concentration of K, Th and U were analyzed using Energy Disperse X- Ray Fluorescence (EDXRF) and found in the range of 1.15-3.43 %, 2.22-11.0 mg/kg and 1.14-2.73 mg/kg in roots, 2.37-4.48 %, 2.10-4.09 mg/kg and 1.17-1.94 mg/kg in stems and 1.25-6.10 %, 1.70-3.45 mg/kg and 1.13-4.46 in leaves respectively, for dry season. While for rainy season, the concentrations of K, Th and U found in the range of 1.11-1.83 %, 2.40-8.91 mg/kg and 1.16-3.39 mg/kg in roots, 1.94-3.85 %, 2.02-3.69 mg/kg and 1.05-1.96 mg/kg in stems and 2.01-3.04 %, 1.10-3.92 mg/kg and 1.10-1.72 mg/kg in leaves respectively, and transfer factor (TF) was calculated through concentrations as reported in this article. From the concentration of radionuclides, the radiological risk was calculated and the present result show below than unity indicates low radiological risk.

1. Chen, S.B.; Zhu, Y.G.; Hu, Q.H, J. of Env. Radioactivity, 2005, 223, 236 2. Zahari, M.; Saat, A.; Hamzah, Z, J. of Eng. and Appl. Sci, 2011, 355, 362 3. Charro, E.; Pardo, R.; Pena, V., Chemosphere, 2013, 488, 496 4. Chen, M.; Ma, L. Q.; Willie, G.; Harris, w. G., J. of Env. Quality, 1999, 1173,1181

Mohamad Fetri Bin Zainal UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Phone: +6019-4602608 E-mail:[email protected] Research interests: Radiochemistry, Environmental Chemistry 2006-2010 Diploma in Chemical Engineering, UiTM, P.Pinang 2010-2013 B.Sc (Chemistry), UiTM, Shah Alam 2013-present M.Sc (Chemistry) UiTM, Shah Alam




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Masitah Alias1*, Zaini Hamzah2, Ahmad Saat2,3, Ab. Khalik Wood2

1TNB Research Sdn. Bhd.,Jalan Air Hitam, 43000 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia. 3Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA,

40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

Radionuclides such as U and Th and its daughter products, 226Ra and 228Ra exist naturally and decay by emitting γ and α-radiation. These radionuclides originated from the earth’s crusts, and can accumulate up to dangerous concentration in soil. In addition, coal also contains some amount of radionuclides which can add to the amount already present in the soil. In this study radionuclides concentration levels in soil from coal fired power plant area and surrounding area were collected for analysis. The soil samples were dried, ground and sieved through 250 micron and later analyzed using EDXRF. The concentrations of U and Th were determined and activity concentration of 226Ra, 228Ra and 40K were estimated. The ranges of concentration of U and Th in soil within CFPP are 2.1-5.1 mg/kg and 8.9-10.4 mg/kg respectively. The soil samples from surrounding CFPP were collected in 3 directions North, North-East and South-East up to 15 km radius. The concentrations of U and Th in soils for North direction during dry season are 0.27-4.24 mg/kg and 9.41-36.49 mg/kg. The concentrations of U and Th in soils for North-East Direction are 3.02-7.05 mg/kg and 6.72-10.74 mg/kg. The concentrations of U and Th in soils for South-East direction are 2.46-3.59 mg/kg and 4.72-8.84 mg/kg. The activity concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra within CFPP are 38.08-110.84 Bq/kg, 36.23-42.44 Bq/kg and 25.33-63.2 Bq/kg, respectively. However the concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra in soil surrounding CFPP for North direction are 33-464 Bq/kg, 3.37-52.16 Bq/kg 38.26-148 Bq/kg, respectively. For North-East direction the concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra in soil surrounding CFPP are 200-289 Bq/kg, 43.21-86.72 Bq/kg and 27.31-43.66 Bq/kg respectively. For South-East direction the concentrations of 40K, 226Ra and 228Ra in soil surrounding CFPP are 236-342 Bq/kg, 30.23-44.21 Bq/kg and 19.18-35.92 Bq/kg, respectively.

1. Amin, Y.M., Mayeen, U.K., Shyen, A.K.S., Mahat, R.H., Nor, R.M., and Bradley, D.A. (2013). Radionuclide emission from a coal fired power plant. Applied Radiation and Isotopes, 80:109-116.

2. Charro, E., Pardo, R. & Peńa, V. (2013). Statistical analysis of the spatial distribution of radionuclides in soils around a coal-fired power plant in Spain, J. of Environmental Radioactivity, 124:84-92

3. Çayir, A., Belivermis, M., KIlIç, ö., Çoskun, M. & Çoskun, M. (2012). Heavy metal and radionuclide levels in soil around Afsin-Elbistan coal-fired thermal power plants, Turkey, Environ. Earth Sciences

4. Ahmad Taufek Abdul Rahman, Ahmad Termizi Ramli and Abd. Khalik Wood. (2004). Analysis of the concentrations of natural radionuclides in rivers in Kota Tinggi district, Malaysia, Journal of Nuclear and Related Technologies, 1(1):34-45

Dr. Masitah Alias TNB Research Sdn.Bhd. Phone: +60 3 89225000 Fax: +60 3 89228818 E-mail: [email protected] or [email protected] Research interests: Radiochemistry, Environmental Chemistry 1991-1995 Diploma in Industrial Chemistry, ITM 1996-2000 Lab Technologist, Transformer Oil Lab, TNB Research Sdn.Bhd. 2001-2002 Bachelor of Science in Applied Chemistry (Hons), UiTM 2003-2005 M Sc of Science (by Research) Chemistry, UiTM 2004-2010 Assistant Lab Manager, Water & Air Lab, TNB Research Sdn.Bhd 2006-2014 PhD of Science (by Research) Chemistry, UiTM 2012-present Researcher at TNB Research Sdn.Bhd.





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Nursyairah Arshad1, ZainiHamzah1*, Ahmad Saat1,2,

1 Faculty ofSciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.

2 Institute ofScience, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.


Tin mining industry was once become the major contributor to the economy of Malaysia beginning 1979

until 1994. Consequence from tin mining activities, the abundant mining area is known to contain high concentration of heavy metals and radionuclides that can be harmful to human and the ecosystem itself. Mussel family are commonly used as bio monitoring tools to monitor the environmental pollution. Therefore, Ligumia recta (black sandshell) locally known as ‘kijing’ was used to act as biological indicators that help in monitoring the heavy metals and radionuclides level. This study was carried out in Kampung Gajah, Perak which known as ex-mining area. The objective of this study is to determine the concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, 238U, 232Th and 40K in Ligumia recta collected from two ex-mining lakes; TasikKapalTujuh and Tasik Air Hitam. The samples were divided into three categories based on size. The samples were separated from the shell, oven dried, ground, sieved and pelletizing before measured using Energy Dispersive X-Ray Fluorescence Spectrometer (EDXRF). The results show that the concentrations of heavy metals and radionuclides in Ligumia recta were vary according to their size and the concentrations were found to be higher at TasikKapalTujuh compared to Tasik Air Hitam. This may be due to the size of the lakes and the acidity of water in the lakes. From the concentrations, transfer factor (TF), health risk index (HRI), exposure ingestion dose rate and radiological health risk were calculated to monitor the safety level in the Ligumia recta for human consumption.

1. Hamzah, Z., Saat, A., Abu Bakar, Z., and Wood, A. K., (2011). International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (20)

2. Ryan, B., Bollhöfer, A., and Martin, P., (2007). Journal of Environmental Radioactivity 99, 509-526 3. Weiner, E. R., (2008). CRC Press Taylor and Francis Group, 300-303

Nursyairah Binti Arshad UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Phone: +6017 3612418/ +6011 24207746 E-mail:[email protected] Research interests: Radiochemistry, Environmental Chemistry 2008-2011 Diploma in Industrial Chemistry UniversitiTeknologi MARA 2011-2013 B.Sc.(Applied Chemistry) UniversitiTeknologi MARA 2014-present M.Sc (Applied Chemistry) UniversitiTeknologi MARA





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Sarifah Fauziah Syed Draman1*, Affendi Md Yusri2, Rusli Daik3

1,2 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Terengganu), Bukit Besi Campus, Terengganu, Malaysia

3 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

In tropical countries including Malaysia, pineapple is one of the fibrous plants available in abundance.

Pineapple leaf at present is a waste product of pineapple cultivation. Hence, with minimum additional cost input, pineapple fibres can be obtained for industrial purposes. These fibres are found to be multicellular and lignocellulosic. They are extracted from the leaves of the plant Annanus cosomus belonging to the Bromeliaceae family by retting1. Pineapple leaf fibre (PALF) is an important natural fibre that exhibits high specific strength and stiffness. The fibers have a ribbon-like structure and consist of a vascular bundle system present in the form of bunches of fibrous cells, which are obtained after mechanical removal of all the epidermal tissues. The superior mechanical properties of pineapple leaf fibres are associated with their high cellulose content. The PALF was reported to have high percentage of cellulose content (81.27%) and low percentage of hemicellulose (12.31%) and lignin (3.46%) content2

Cellulose was extracted from various lignocellusoic material as reported by many researchers3. Cellulose has many advantages such as abundant in nature, inexhaustible, low cost, easy processing, renewable biodegrable, and biocompatible4 (Mahadeva et. al 2010). The most interesting effect is its positive environmental impact. It is also renewable resource whose further production requires little energy.

Mostly, the cellulose was extracted by using acidified sodium chloride. Throughout this study, this method will be named as conventional method.However, the used of acidified sodium chlorite may produce chlorite radical which reacts and fragments the lignocellulosic material into highly toxic organochlorine5. Thus, more eco-friendly method needs to be used to extract cellulose. PALF is choosen in this study since it was reported to have high composition of cellulose. Futhermore, there is still no report of eco-friendly method to extract cellulose from PALF. In this study, two method will be used. Method I will be name as dissolution in DES, using the deep eutectic solvent (DES) which compose from chlorine chloride and urea. While method II using eco-friendly reagents which are formic acid 20% and 10% of 30% hydrogen peroxide.

Physico-chemical characteristics of raw and produced materials were investigated with the help of Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The FTIR results show that the treatment by both methods removed most of the hemicellulose and lignin from the raw pineapple leaf. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) demonstrated that cellulose extracted from both methods has higher thermal stability compared to raw fiber.

1. Cherian, B. M.; Leão, A. L.; de Souza, S. F.; Thomas, S., Pothan, L. A.; Kottaisamy, M. 2010. Carbohydr. Polym. 2010, 81, 720.

2. Cherian, B. M.; Leão, A. L.; de Souza, S. F.; Costa, L. M. M.;de Olyveira, G. M.; Kottaisamy, M.; Nagarajan, E. R.; Thomas, S. Carbohydr. Polym. 2011, 86, 1790.

3. Bindu, S. P.; Ray, D.; Sengupta, S.;Kar, T.; Mohanty, A.; Manju, M. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 2011, 50,871. 4. Mahadeva, S.K.; Yun, S; Kim, J.Sens. Actuator A: Phys. 2010,165,194. 5. Nazir, M. S.; Wahhoedi, B. A.; Yusof, A.W.; Abdullah, M. A., BioResources, 2013, 8, 2161.

Mrs. Sarifah Fauziah Syed Draman University Teknologi MARA (Terengganu), Malaysia Phone: +6019 987 8145 Fax: +609 833 5003 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Advanced Material, Biopolymer 1989-1993 B.Sc.(Chemistry) UKM , Malaysia 2002-2004 M.Sc (Chemistry) UKM, Malaysia 2007-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia 2011-2014 On study leave for PhD at UKM, Malaysia (Waiting for Viva)



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Nurul Afidah Mazelan1, Mardawani Mohamad2

1 Faculty of Chemical Engineering, MARA University of Technology Terengganu, Bukit Besi Campus, 23000 Dungun, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2 Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked Bag No.100, 17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia.

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a tropical fruit and traditionally known for its medicinal properties

such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, antiviral and anti-tumor properties. It contains many phenolic compounds that may have the potential to act as antioxidant. Pericarp of mangosteen is a highly valuable waste due to its benefit. Phenolics were extracted from fruit pericarp in methanol, hexane and water using Soxhlet extraction method. As the best solvents, methanol was chosen. The main phenolic acid contained in fruit pericarp was gallic acid. The phenolic acid was calculated from UV-Vis spectroscopy analysis of the extracts. Extraction of phenolic compounds from mangosteen waste could utilize the waste for potential applications of low-cost processing aids for the food industry. Mardawani bt Mohamad Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Phone: +609-9477156 Fax: +609-9467158 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Separation Process, Environmental Chemistry, Organic Chemistry 2003-2007 B.Eng (Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2008-2013 PhD in Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2013-Mac 2014 Lecturer at MARA University of TechnologyTerengganu, Bukit Besi Campus Mac 2014-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan




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Nor Suhaila Mohamad Hanapi1,3*, Mohd Marsin Sanagi1,2, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1,

Abd. Khamim Ismail 1 and Norashikin Saim3

1Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, 3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi Mara, 40450 UiTM Shah Alam, Malaysia

In recent years, electro-membrane extraction has been received many attention for extraction of various compounds from different matrices [1-2]. Electromembrane extraction (EME) was first introduced by Pedersen-Bjergaard to overcome the problem of HF-LPME [3]. EME is based on the application of an electrical potential for the migration of the charged analytes across a supported liquid-membrane (SLM) from the aqueous solution to the acceptor phase. EME has received merits for simplicity, low cost, low solvent consumption, fast extraction time and high excellent clean-up. The use of polypropylene hollow- fiber (HF) membrane has been successfully applied in EME for extraction and pre-concentration of lipophilic organic ions such as acidic and basic drugs compounds due to high selectivity and high pre-concentration several many years [4-5]. Nevertheless, these membranes have their weakness on the limited mechanical stability [6] and also have a high pressure gradient make it a sample solution such as water difficult to across through the membranes because of high capillary force in hydrophobic membrane pores [7]. Recently, considerable attention has been directed towards biodegradable polymer based as a membrane. Agarose is a natural hydophilic biopolymer consisting D-galactose and 3,6-anhydro-l-galactose is isolated from agar or agar-bearing marine algae. This polymer is thought to be a “green polymer” due to the biodegradable and environmentally friendly properties. In this study, agarose film was utilized for the first time as interface in electrodriven membrane extraction (EME) of tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) in aqueous matrices prior to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) analysis. Three TCAs namely imipramine, amitriptyline and chlorpromazine were selected as model analytes. Several important parameters, such as selection of organic solvent, pH of donor solution, acceptor phase volume, applied voltage, extraction time, salting out effect and stirring rate were optimized. Under the optimum extraction conditions, the AF-EME method showed good linearity in the range of 10-500 µg/L with excellent correlation coefficient (r2= 0.9984-0.9996), good limits of detection (0.5-1.2 µg/L) and high enrichment factors. Finally, the proposed method will apply for the analysis in aqueous samples such wastewater.

1. Seidi, S.;Yamani, Y.; Rezazadeh, M.; Esrafili, A, J. Chromatogr., A 2012,1243, 6-13. 2. Balchen, M.; Lund, H.; Reubsaet, L.; Pedersen-Bjergaard, S. Anal. Chim. Acta (2012) 716, 16-21. 3. Pedersen-Bjergaard, S, Rasmussen, K.E, J. Chromatogr. A. (2006) 1109, 183. 4. Hasheminasab, K.S. and Fakhari, A.R. J. Analytica Chimica Acta. 2013, 767, 75-80. 5. C. Bashee, J. Lee, S. Pedersen-Bjergaard, K.E. Rasmussen, H.K. Lee. J. Chromatogr. A (2010), 1217,

6661-6667. 6. See, H. H., & Hauser, P. C. Anal Chem. 2011, 83, 10. 7. Hoving, H.D. 2010. US Pat., 20100230351. 8. Sambrook, J.; Russell, D.W, Molecular Cloning (3 rd ed)., 2001.

Mrs. Nor Suhaila Binti Mohamad Hanapi Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia Phone: +61 2 6420620 Fax: +603 55444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Separation, Analytical and Environmental Chemistry 2000-2002 Bachelor Science (Hons).(Applied Chemistry), UiTM , Malaysia 2006-2008 MSc. (Chemistry) (UKM), Malaysia 2008-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2013-present On study leave for PhD at UTM, Skudai



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Non Daina Masdar1,2*, Abd Mutalib Md Jani2, Ruziyati Tajuddin1, Muhd Tajuddin Muhd Ali1,

Norashikin Saim1 and Abdul Hadi Mahmud2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor Malaysia

2Department of Applied Science, UiTM Perlis, Perlis, Malaysia

Poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS) is a silicon based organic polymer that has been widely used as a popular material for molecular separation devices. In general, PDMS is optically clear, inert, non-toxic, ease to assemble and relatively low cost to fabricate. However, the surface functionality of PDMS is the main factor limiting its wide application, especially for chiral separation. In this work, we present a new strategy of surface modification platform based on dipeptide modified PDMS film for chiral separation. Phenyl-alanine-Boc and Histidine-Boc (Phe-Ala-Hist) were synthesized in simple and mild condition of standard coupling peptide protocols reaction method. The presence of acid moiety in both compounds giving higher chiral environment which can act as chiral selector. The FT-IR and NMR result shows that the main functional group of the chiral selector were found presence and successfully been attached to the PDMS film. The selectivity of chiral selector ability will be studied by applying 3 ppm concentration of apha-cypermethrin in terms of separation and selectivity of chiral i. e. R or S configuration of analyte in the future research.

Keywords: Chiral separation, Configuration, Polydimethysiloxane, Peptide Coupling, Surface Modification

OHN

O

O

NHN

BocHN

OHNH

O

O

NH

N

BocHNH

1. Zheng, Y., X. Wang, Y. Ji,. Talanta, 2012. 91(0): p. 7-17. 2. Isezaki, J., et al., Membrane and Separation Technology, 2012. 1: p. 1-8. 3. Kumar, P., G.K. Aradhyam, Protein Expression and Purification, 2014. 95(0): p. 129-135. 4. Peschke, B., Bak,. Peptides, 2009. 30(4): p. 689-698. 5. Li, Y., T. Verbiest, I. Vankelecom, Journal of Membrane Science, 2013. 428(0): p. 63-69.

Mrs. Non Daina Binti Masdar Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: +601 5599 369 Fax: +604 988 2484 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry 2011-present On study leave for PhD at UiTM, Shah Alam

Chiral Selector

Scheme 1 Synthesis route of chiral selector

+




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Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim*1,2, Mashkurah Abd Rahim1, Zainab Ramli1,2,

Mohd Marsin Sanagi2,3

1Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, MALAYSIA

2Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, MALAYSIA 3Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, MALAYSIA

Dispersive solid phase microextraction (DSPME) is a simple and environmental friendly sample preparation

technique. In DSPME, the sorbent is used for trapping the analyte/s out of the solution and then the analyte/s is to a smaller volume of a second desorption solvent. In this study, a new DSPME sorbent material based on a hybrid organic–inorganic methyltrimethoxysilane–cyanopropyltriethoxysilane (MTMOS–CNPrTEOS) was synthesized by using two steps sol–gel method. The new DSPME hybrid sorbent was used in determination of three selected NSAIDs namely, diclofenac sodium, ketoprofen and mefenamic acid in water samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) detection. Under the optimized conditions, the method demonstrated good linearity (0.2–500 µg L-1) with excellent coefficient of determination (r2 > 0.9991), good RSDs (<2.4%, n = 3), good limit of detection (0.03–0.12 µg L-1) and excellent recoveries (93.5–97.6%). The DSPME method using the new sol-gel hybrid MTMOS–CNPrTEOS material combined with HPLC–UV proved to be a simple, cost efficient and requires minimial amount of organic solvent that support green chemistry concepts.

Mashkurah Binti Abd Rahim University Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor, Malaysia Phone: +6019 2067500 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry 2003-2006 Diploma in Science, Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia 2006-2009 B. Sc.(Applied Chemistry), Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia 2009-2010 M. Sc.(Chemistry), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2010-present PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia



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Ainul Hakimah Karim1, Aishah Abdul Jalil2,3*, Sugeng Triwahyono1,4, and

Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, 2*Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 4 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA.

Corresponding author: [email protected]

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) have attracted great attention in nanoscale science and technology due to their unique optical, electronic and mechanical properties1. Besides, mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSN) have become effective adsorbents owe to its high surface area and pore size which is essential to adsorb wide range of organic pollutant2-4. Modification of CNT with MSN may enhance the dispersion properties and adsorption capacities from their singles. In this study, a series of carbon nanotubes–mesostructured silica nanoparticles (CNT–MSN) composites were prepared by a simple sol-gel method with 1, 3 and 5 wt.% loading of CNT. The composites then calcined to remove surfactants (Scheme 1). Their surface properties were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, TEM and FTIR, while the adsorption performance of the CNT–MSN composites were evaluated on the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) under varying pH (2–11), adsorbent dosage (0.05–0.5 g L-

1), initial MB concentration (5–100 mg L-1) and temperature (303-323 K). The increasing CNT loading into MSN were found to improve the physicochemical properties of the material and led to an enhanced adsorptivity for MB. N2 physisorption measurements revealed the development of a bimodal pore structure that increased the pore size, pore volume and surface area. The best conditions were achieved at pH 8, 0.05 g L-1 CNT–MSN dosage, 100 mg L-1 MB concentration and 303 K. The maximum adsorption capacity reached for 5 wt.% CNT-MSN was 524 mg g-1. The equilibrium data were evaluated using the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models, with the Langmuir model affording the best fit to the adsorption data. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-first order model. Thermodynamic studies showed that the adsorption process was spontaneous, exothermic and occur through physisorption mechanism. Therefore, CNT-MSN is believed to be a promising adsorbent for dye removal as well as removal of wide range wastewater.

Scheme 1 Schematic diagram for the preparation of MWCNT-MSN composites

1. Iijima, S. Nature 1991, 354, 56. 2. Wan, Y.; Zhao, D. Chem. Rev. 2007, 107, 2821. 3. Walcarius, A. and Mercier, L. J. Mater. Chem. 2010, 20, 4478. 4. Karim, A. H.; Jalil, A. A.; Triwahyono, S.; Sidik, S. M.; Kamarudin, N. H. N.; Jusoh, R.; Jusoh, N. W.

C.; Hameed, B. H. J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2012, 386, 307.

Ms. Ainul Hakimah Karim Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +6019 772 5530 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalytic and Catalysis, Advanced Materials, Adsorption 2004-2008 B.Sc. and Edu.(Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2008-2010 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2011-present PhD Student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia




OA7

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Wadeeah M. AL-Areqi*, Amran Ab. Majid, Sukiman Sarmani, Che Nor Aniza Che Zainul Bahri

Nuclear Science Programme, School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor

[email protected]

The powerful solvent extraction has been used extensively for thorium recovery and purification. In this

study, three different extractants i.e. TBP, DEHPA and Aliquat-336 were used to extract thorium from nitric acid solution. Several experimental conditions of extraction were studied i.e. molarity of nitric acid, concentration of extractants in Kerosene, organic/ aqueous volumetric ratio, mixing time and contact time between phrases. Distilled water was used as stripping solution. The results of the study showed that the extraction efficiency of DEHPA was 99.8 % which was the highest compare to TBP and Aliquat-336. Our study also showed that 65.3 % of thorium was selectively extracted from mixed rare earth elements nitrate solution by using TBP. This paper will also discuss the separation of thorium from monazite sulphuric solution using selective precipitation. Keywords: Thorium, TBP, solvent extraction, monazite.




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Siti Rosilah Arsad1, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim*1,2, Hasmerya Maarof1

1Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry,

Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA.

2Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA

Capillary electrokinetic chromatography (EKC) has been established as a versatile and robust CE method for

the separation of enantiomers. An EKC method was developed in this work for the chiral separation of ketoconazole using heptakis (2, 3, 6-tri-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (TMβCD) in addition to the chiral anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS). The influence of TMβCD concentration, phosphate buffer concentration, SDS concentration, buffer pH, and applied voltage were investigated. The optimum conditions for chiral separation of ketoconazole was achieved using 10 mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.5 containing 20 mM TMβCD, 5 mM SDS and 1.0% (v/v) methanol with an applied voltage of 25 kV at 25°C with 5 s injection time (hydrodynamic injection). The four ketoconazole enantiomers were successfully resolved for the first time within 17 min. The precision of this method was examined to give repeatability and reproducibility with RSDs ≤ 5.80% (n=3) and RSDs ≤ 8.88% (n = 9), respectively. The optimized CD-EKC method was applied for the analysis of ketoconazole in human urine and cream formulation to evaluate the feasibility of the developed method using solid phase extraction (SPE).

Ms Siti Rosilah Arsad University Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6013 7017302 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry 2005-2008 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2009-2011 M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2011-present PhD (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia




OA9

SSooll--ggeell HHyybbrriidd CCooaattiinngg HHoollllooww FFiibbeerr--SSoolliidd PPhhaassee MMiiccrrooeexxttrraaccttiioonn CCoouupplleedd wwiitthh GGaass CChhrroommaattooggrraapphhyy--FFllaammee IIoonniizzaattiioonn DDeetteeccttiioonn ffoorr

AAnnaallyyssiiss ooff HHeexxaannaall aanndd HHeeppttaannaall

Siti Munirah Abd Wahib1, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim*1,2, Mohd Marsin Sanagi2,3

1Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA.

2Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA

3Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, MALAYSIA

Aldehydes are potential volatile biomarker that can be found in lung cancer specimens. Early detection and

analysis of these aldehydes are of vital importance and significance. In the present work, a new extractant based on methyltrimethoxysilane-(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MTMOS-MPTMOS) in the ratio of 1 mmol MTMOS: 4 mmol MPTMOS was synthesized by sol-gel method in the lumen of hollow fiber (HF) for the determination of hexanal and heptanal by means of gas chromatography-flame ionization detection (GC-FID). The advantage of the proposed method is rapid and facile preparation of sol-gel hybrid mediated hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction (HF-SPME) by self-polymerization of sol solution in the small segment of HF. Effective parameters of HF-SPME extraction procedures were studied and optimized. It was found that higher extraction efficiency based on peak area response measured by GC-FID was achieved using 30 min extraction time, 1000 rpm agitation rate using 5 mL of aqueous sample with back-extraction via ultra-sonication for 20 min using 100 µL methanol as desorption solvent. The developed HF-SPME MTMOS-MPTMOS method was validated and applied to real sample analysis. Keywords: hexanal; heptanal; hollow fiber-solid phase microextraction; sol-gel hybrid; methyltrimethoxysilane-(3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane

Siti Munirah Abd Wahib Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6014-2702059 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Separation and analytical chemistry 2002-2006 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2009-2012 M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2013-present PhD candidate at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia



OA10 MMuullttii--wwaalllleedd CCaarrbboonn NNaannoottuubbeess AAsssseemmbblleedd AAggaarroossee//CChhiittoossaann

CCoommppoossiittee FFiillmm aass AAddssoorrbbeenntt ffoorr tthhee DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff RReeaaccttiivvee DDrruuggss iinn AAqquueeoouuss SSaammpplleess

Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim1,3, Mohd Marsin Sanagi1,2,*, Norsuhaila Mohd Hanapi1,3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

3Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 UiTM Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Polysaccharides are class of natural polymers that have been receiving an increasing attention in various fields of industrial interest including food technology, pharmaceutics and wastewater treatment. Apart from abundant, nontoxic, inexpensive and biodegradable materials, they are the best candidates to replace synthetic polymers in many applications. Chitosan is a cationic biopolymer having side chains with amino (–NH2) and hydroxy (–OH) groups. These reactive groups serve as coordination sites that offer possibilities of modifications, graft reactions and ionic interactions1-3. Meanwhile, agarose is hydrophilic colloid extracted from the family of seaweeds that offers gelation and swelling properties at low concentration. Incorporation of biopolymers with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT) assists MWCNT dispersions and stabilization in organic and aqueous solvents4.

In this study, novel multi-walled carbon nanotubes assembled agarose/chitosan (Ag-Ch-MWCNT) composite film was prepared in solution form at a ratio of 0.4:1:1 (w/v %). The chemical structure, morphology and thermal properties of the composite film were characterized using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrophotometry, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), thermal analysis (TGA), Brunauer Emmett Teller (BET) and nitrogen adsorption analysis. It was revealed that Ag-Ch-MWCNT composite film form a highly compatible blend and displayed homogeneous and smooth surface properties. Non-covalent functionalization of MWCNT by self-assembly of biopolymers was found to be of excellent effect for MWCNT dispersion5, prevention of deactivation of sorbent via agglomeration and ensure long-term stability of MWCNT. Performance of prepared sorbents was evaluated in micro-solid phase extraction for the determination of selected non-steroidal inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in aqueous samples prior to high performance liquid chromatography–ultraviolet (HPLC-UV) determination.

1. Sun, K; Li, Z. H. Express Polym. Lett. 2011, 5, 4, 342. 2. Imelda, O. A.; Santos, A. M. E.; Monica, E. M. D.; Florinda, J. V.; Perla, G. C.; Carlos, A. M. P. J.

Biomat. & Nanobiotech., 2013, 4, 204. 3. Ghaee, A.; Shariaty-Niassar, M.; Barzin, J.; Ismail, A. F. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol.2013, 9, 4, 213. 4. Kim, O. K.; Je, J.; Baldwin, J. W.; Kooi, S.; Pehrsson, P. E.; Buckley, L. J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2003,

125, 15, 4426. 5. Lu, L.; Hu, Y.; Chang. C.; Chen. W. Carbon Nanotubes - Polymer Nanocomposites, 2011, ISBN 978-

953-307-498-6. Ms Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Phone: +6012 3490559 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry, Material Chemistry 2001-2005 BSc.(Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2006-2008 BSc.(Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2009-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia 2013-present On study leave for PhD at UTM, Malaysia



OA11 AAccccuummuullaattiioonn ooff MMeerrccuurryy ((HHgg)) aanndd MMeetthhyyll MMeerrccuurryy ((MMee--HHgg)) CCoonncceennttrraattiioonn iinn SSeelleecctteedd MMaarriinnee BBiioottaa

Anisa Abdullah1,*, Ahmad Saat1,2, Abd Khalik Wood1, Zaini Hamzah1

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia.


Level of mercury (Hg) and methyl mercury (Me-Hg) content in marine ecosystem has been intensively studied as these toxic substances could be accumulated in the marine biota. This study is focusing on the Hg and Me-Hg content in marine biota in Manjung coastal area. This area has high potential being affected by rapid socio-economic development of Manjung area such as heavy industrial activities (coal fired power plant, iron foundries, port development and factories), agricultural runoff, waste and toxic discharge, quarries, housing constructions. It may has a potential risk when released into the atmosphere and dispersed on the surface of water and continue deposited at the bottom of the water and sediment and being absorbed by marine biota. The concentrations of Hg and Me-Hg in marine ecosystem can be adversely affect human health when it enters the food chain. In this study, five species of marine biota including Johnius dussumieri (Ikan Gelama), Pseudorhombus malayanus (Ikan Sebelah), Arius maculatus (Ikan Duri), Portunus pelagicus (Ketam renjong) and Charybdis natator (Ketam Salib) were collected during rainy and dry seasons. Measurements were carried out using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique. The Hg and Me-Hg concentrations for dry season are in the range 60-100 µg/kg and 5.69-6.30µg/kg respectively, while for rainy season are in the range 58-97 µg/kg and 5.53-6.50 µg/kg, respectively. These results are below the limit set by Malaysia Food Act (1983). Generally, marine biota from the Manjung coastal area is safe to consume due to low value of ingestion dose rate and health risk index for human health.

1. Alina, M., Azrina, A., Mohd Yunus, A.S., Mohd Zakiuddin, S., Mohd Izuan Effendi, H. and Muhammad

Rizal, R., (2012). International Food Research Journal, Vol. 19(1), 135-140 2. Maggi, C., Berducci, M.T., Bianchi, J., Giani, M., and Campanella, L., (2009). Analytica Chimica Acta,

641, 32–36 Anisa Abdullah Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Phone: 0133576641 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Radiochemistry, Environmental Chemistry 2007-2010 Diploma in Science Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia 2010-2013 B.Sc. Hons (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia 2013-present M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia




OA12 DDiissppeerrssiivvee MMiiccrroo--SSoolliidd PPhhaassee EExxttrraaccttiioonn CCoommbbiinneedd WWiitthh HHiigghh PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee LLiiqquuiidd CChhrroommaattooggrraapphhyy ffoorr tthhee DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff

PPeenniicciilllliinnss iinn WWaatteerr aanndd MMiillkk

1,2Noorfatimah Yahaya, 1,3*Mohd Marsin Sanagi,3Hadi Nur, 1Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim

1 Advanced Medical & Dental Institute, Universiti Sains Malaysia, No. 1-8, Persiaran Seksyen 4/1, Bandar Putra Bertam, 13200 Kepala Batas, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia.

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

3 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

A simple and efficient method based on mesoporous carbon-incorporated dispersive micro-solid phase

extraction (D-µ-SPE) followed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) has been developed for the determination three penicillins in water and milk. Mesoporous carbon, COU-2 was synthesized and evaluated for extraction and preconcentration of three model compounds, namely oxacillin (OXA), cloxacillin (CLOX) and dicloxcacillin (DICLOX) in water and milk samples. Several parameters were optimized in this study including types of adsorbent, sample pH, salt addition, desorption solvent, extraction time, desorption time and amount of COU-2 adsorbent were investigated in order to obtain the optimum extraction conditions. Under the optimum conditions, calibration curves with good linearity were obtained with coefficients of determination, r2

of ≥ 0.9992 in the concentration ranges 0.1 – 100 µg L-1 and 10 – 5000 µg L-1 for water and milk samples, respectively. The LOD and LOQ obtained for CLOX in water were 0.06 and 0.17 µg L-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the LODs and LOQs for OXA, CLOX and DICLOX in milk were in the range of 2.0 - 3.3 and 6.0 - 10.0 µg L-1, respectively. It is revealed that the proposed method provided lower detection limits than the maximum residue limits (MRLs) established by the European Commission Regulation (EU), at 30 µg L-1 (European Commission Regulation, 2010). The results demonstrated that good precision of overall intra-day and inter-day measurements were obtained in water and milk samples in the range of 2.6 - 7.1 and 1.7 - 8.8%, respectively. The method showed excellent relative recoveries in the range of 89.7 - 113.6% (RSD ≤ 14.5) for water samples and 80.3 - 99.5% (RSDs ≤ 8.8%) for milk samples. The high recoveries and satisfactory precision suggest that the method would be suitable for the monitoring of selected penicillins in water and milk.

Keywords: Penicillins; Mesoporous carbon COU-2; Dispersive micro-solid phase extraction; High performance liquid chromatography; Water and milk

Dr. Noorfatimah Yahaya Institut Perubatan dan Pergigian Termaju, USM, Penang Phone: +60125008749 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry 2006-2009 BSc (Analytical Chem. and Env.) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

(UMT), Malaysia 2009-2010 MSc (Chemical Instrumentation) Universiti Sains Malaysia

(USM), Malaysia 2010-2014 PhD (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2014-present Lecturer at IPPT, USM, Penang, Malaysia



OA13

MMiiccrrooppoorroouuss CCaarrbboonn SSpphheerreess SSoolliidd PPhhaassee MMeemmbbrraannee TTiipp EExxttrraaccttiioonn ffoorr tthhee AAnnaallyyssiiss ooff NNiittrroossaammiinneess iinn WWaatteerr SSaammpplleess

Mohammed Salisu Musa1,3, Mohd Marsin Sanagi1,2 *, Hadi Nur2, and Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

3Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bayero University Kano (BUK), Nigeria

Nitrosamines belong to a family of chemical compounds identified over 100 years ago. However, they received worldwide attention only in 1950s when British scientists, Barnes and Magee discovered their carcinogenic effects in experimental animals1. As a result of this finding, studies involving the determination of nitrosamines in the environment have dominated many research institutes throughout the years. Numerous methods for the analysis of nitrosamines in different environmental samples have been established and commonly used. The most routinely employed techniques include SPE2,3 and LLE4 coupled with liquid or gas chromatographic determinations.

Analysis of nitrosamines in water and other matrices would not be possible without the development of sensitive analytical methods. Therefore, in this work a solid-phase membrane tip extraction (SPMTE)5 incorporating microporous carbon spheres (MCS) adsorbent was developed for the determination of selected nitrosamines in water samples prior to gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GCMS). Four nitrosamines, namely N-nitrosodiethylamine (NDEA), N-nitrosodipropylamine (NDPA), N-nitrosopiperidine (NPIP) and N-nitrosodiphenylamine (NDPhA), were chosen to be the target analytes. Optimized extractions were achieved using the following conditions: conditioning solvent, isopropanol; extraction time, 20 min; desorption time, 20 min; salt addition, not applicable; pH of sample solution, 6.5; sample volume, 20 mL and desorption solvent, isopropanol. A portion of the clean extract (1 µL) was injected into the GCMS system for analysis. Under the optimized conditions, the method demonstrated good linearity with correlations of determination, r2 ≥ 0.9984 in the concentration range of 10–100 µg L-1 and good limits of detection in the range of 3.2–4.8 µg L-1. The method also showed excellent RSDs of ≤ 9% (n = 3) for both intra-day and inter-day precisions with high recoveries in the range of 76.4–107.5%. The technique proved to be efficient, simple and requires less organic solvent to conform to the green chemistry concept.

1. Barnes, J. M. Magee, P. N. Br. J. Industr. Med. 1954, 11, 167. 2. Fu, S. C.; Tzing, S. H.; Chen, H. C.; Wang, Y. C; Ding, W. H. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2012, 402, 2209. 3. Krauss, M.; Longrée, P.; Dorusch, F.; Ort, C.; Hollender, Water Res. 2009, 43, 4381. 4. Mitch, W. A.; Gerecke, A. C.; Sedlak, D. L. Water Res. 2003, 37, 3733. 5. See, H. H.; Sanagi, M. M., Ibrahim, W. A. W.; Naim, A. A. J. Chromatogr. A. 2010, 1217, 1767.

Mr. Mohammed Salisu Musa Universiti Technology Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Phone: +60193117875 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Material Chemistry 1986-1989 Diploma (Chemical Engineering) Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria 1989-1991 Class teacher (Junior secondary school) Nguru, Yobe, Nigeria 1991-1995 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 1997-2007 Assist. Lecturer – Lecturer II, Kaduna Polytechnic, Nigeria 2000-2003 M.Sc. (Analytical Chemistry) Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 2007-Presnt Lecturer II – Lecturer I, Bayero University Kano, Nigeria 2011-Present On study leave for PhD at UTM, Malaysia




OA14 CCoommppaarriissoonnss bbeettwweeeenn CCoonnvveennttiioonnaall aanndd MMiiccrroowwaavvee--aassssiisstteedd

EExxttrraaccttiioonn ooff NNaattuurraall CCoolloorraanntt ffrroomm MMeessooccaarrpp ooff CCooccuuss nnuucciiffeerraa

Rodiah Mohd Hassan 1,*, Asma F. Z1, Aziah M. Y1., Kawasaki N. 1, Noor Asiah H1

1Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, Bestari Jaya Campus, Jalan Timur Tambahan, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor Malaysia, Universiti Selangor, Malaysia

The mesocarp of Cocus nucifera is often regarded as a waste hence this study aimed at exploring the

feasibility of using the mexocarp as a natural colorant using microwave –assisted extraction. In this work, the effect of microwave power and heating time on the percentage of yield of colorant, pH and colour determination was investigated. The highest amount of colorant yield was found to be 0.75% for 8 minutes of extraction at 100W. In addition extraction of colorant by conventional method (90 minutes at 90 0C) was also conducted where the result showed the percentage of yield of colorant was 0.65%. It was observed that the yield of colorant extracted decreased with an increase in microwave power. However, the utilization of microwave–assisted extraction has significance improvement in the extraction of natural colorant compared to traditional boiling method.

Mrs. Rodiah Binti Mohd Hassan Universiti Selangor, Malaysia Phone: +6012 5976759 Fax: +603-32806017 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Food Biotechnology, Industrial Microbiology and Product Development 2001-2003 BSc. (Biotechnology) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2004-2007 MSc. (Food Technology) Universiti Sains Malaysia,

Malaysia 2008-present Lecturer at Universiti Selangor, Malaysia 2014-present On study leave for PhD at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia




OA15 MMaaggnneettiicc ccoorree--ttiittaanniiuumm sshheellll nnaannooppaarrttiicclleess ffoorr rreemmoovvaall ooff mmeetthhyylleennee bblluuee ffrroomm wwaatteerr ssaammpplleess

WWaann AAiinnii WWaann IIbbrraahhiimm11,, 22,, HHaammiidd RRaasshhiiddii NNooddeehh11**,, MMoohhdd.. MMaarrssiinn SSaannaaggii22,, 33

1Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM , Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia, 2Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author: [email protected]; [email protected]

An in-house sol-gel magnetic adsorbent based on Fe3O4@TiO2 was used for the separation of methylene blue (MB) from environmental water samples, prior to UV-Vis measurement. Effective experimental parameters affecting isolation performance (based on absorption response of MB) were optimized. A linear response in the concentration range 0.1–15 mg L−1 with good coefficient of determination (R2) ranging from 0.9991 to 0.9996 was observed under optimum adsorption conditions. The optimum adsorption conditions are 1 min adsorption time, solution pH 5.0, 40 mg adsorbent mass and 0.1% w/v NaCl for salting-out effect. The optimum desorption conditions are acetonitrile as the desorption solvent, 2 mL desorption volume and 2 min sonication time. The developed Fe3O4@TiO2 was evaluated for adsorption of MB from water samples. The equilibrium absorption capacity of the adsorbent was found to be 4.4 mg g-1. The maximum adsorption capacity of the developed Fe3O4@TiO2 magnetic adsorbent was evaluated with different isotherm adsorption models such as Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin. Adsorption kinetic was studied using pseudo-first-order and second order reactions. Adsorption isotherm fits the Langmuir isotherm (R = 0.9227) better than Freundlich or Temkin isotherm. Adsorption kinetics was found to follow second-order model best (R = 0.9999). The results signified that this sol-gel prepared magnetic nanocomposite has a great adsorptive ability towards the MB from environmental water samples. Keywords: Sol-gel, magnetic nanoparticles, methylene blue, adsorption capacity, magnetic core TiO2 shell

Mr. Hamid Rashidi Nodeh Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60-1115479784 Fax: +6075566162 E-mail: hamid_rashidi82@ yahoo.com Research interests: Analytical Chemistry and Nanotechnology 2003-2007 BSc. Pure Chemistry, Islamic Azad University of Yazd, Iran 2007-2009 MSc. Analytical Chemistry, University of Rafsanjan, Iran 2011-present PhD student at UTM, Johor, Malaysia



OA16 VVoollttaammmmeettrriicc BBeehhaavviioouurr ooff NNiiffeeddiippiinnee:: HHaannggiinngg MMeerrccuurryy DDrroopp

EElleeccttrrooddee ((HHMMDDEE)) VVss MMeerrccuurryy MMeenniissccuuss MMooddiiffiieedd SSiillvveerr AAmmaallggaamm EElleeccttrrooddee ((mm--AAggSSAAEE))

Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal1,, Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff2, Jiri Zima3, Jiri Barek3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia

2Institute of Environmental & Water Resource Management (IPASA), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 3Charles University in Prague, Faculty of Science, University Research Center UNCE “Supramolecular

Chemistry”, Department of Analytical Chemistry, UNESCO Laboratory of Environmental Electrochemistry, Albertov 6, CZ-128 43 Prague 2,Czech Republic

The voltammetric behavior of nifedipine (NFD) had been studied with two types of working electrodes which are hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE) and mercury meniscus silver solid amalgam electrode (m-AgSAE) using differential pulse voltammtery (DPV). The optimum condition had been evaluated in mixture of Britton-Robinson (BR) buffer pH 8 with methanol in three different ratios (1:1, 9:1, 99:1) respectively in concentration range of 0.2 to 20 µmol/L. The limit of quantification (LQS) for nifedipine was 0.12 (HMDE) and 1.2 (m-AgSAE). An attempt to increase the sensitivity using adsortive stripping DPV at both HMDE and m-AgSAE was not successful. Using the best ratio of supporting electrolyte, a newly developed methods was been verified on the determination of nifedipine in spiked samples of drinking and river water.

1. Deylova D.; Vyskocil, V.; Barek, J. Electrochimica Acta 2012, 62, 335. 2. Trrdikova, J.; Danhel, A.; Barek, J.; Vyskocil, V. Electrochimica Acta 2012, 73, 23. 3. Danhel, A.; Yosypchuk, B.; Vyskocil, V.; Zima, J.; Barek. J. of Electroanlytical Chemistry 2011, 656,

218. 4. Jiranek, I.; Peckova, K.; Kralova, Z.; Moreira, J.C.; Barek, J. Electrochimica Acta 2009, 54, 1939. 5. Baghayeri, M.; Namadchian, M.; Karimi-Maleh, H.; Beitollahi, H. J. of Electroanlytical Chemistry

2013, 697, 53. 6. Ozaltin, N.; Yardimci, C.; Suslu, I. J. of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis 2002, 30, 573.

Mr. Mohd Dzul Hakim Wirzal Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Phone: +601 97815272 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Electroanalytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry 2005-2008 BSc.( Industrial Chemistry) UTM , Malaysia 2008-2010 MSc.(Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2011-present PhD (Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia




OA17 EEnnhhaanncceedd ZZnn((IIII)) aanndd PPbb((IIII)) rreemmoovvaall ffrroomm wwaasstteewwaatteerr uussiinngg tthhiioollaatteedd cchhiittoossaann bbeeaaddss ((EETTBB))

Soon Kong Yong1,2*, Nanthi Bolan2,3, Enzo Lombi2,3 and William Skinner4

1 Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia

2Centre for Environmental Risk Assessment and Remediation (CERAR), University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia

3Cooperarive Research Centre for Contaminants Assessment and Remediation of the Environment (CRC CARE), University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia

4Ian Wark Research Institute (IWRI), University of South Australia, SA 5095, Australia Removal of toxic Zn(II) and Pb(II) from wastewater using porous chitosan beads can be enhanced with

introduction of thiol groups to amine groups of chitosan. Based on the Hard Soft Acid Base concept, soft acid such as Pb(II) has higher sorption with soft base of thiol group. Possible formation of thiourea crosslink may also increase bead stability in acidic condition. To synthesize thiolated chitosan beads (ETB), chitosan beads (E) was first prepared by phase inversion of chitosan acetate solutions and soaked in a mixture of ethanol and carbon disulfide for 7 days and then rinsed thoroughly with water and ethanol. Sulfur content of ETB is 7.88 %. The thiolation process has increased the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area of E beads from 39.49 m2/g to 46.29 m2/g. ETB is categorized as macroporous material (pore aperture: 182.4 nm) with multiple and uniform porous layers. A new shoulder at 1594 cm-1 was found in Diffuse Reflectance Infrared Fourier Transform Spectroscopy (DRIFT) spectra of ETB, which is assigned to thiourea moiety and was confirmed by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) spectra. The Pb(II) uptake by ETB beads was higher than E beads at all sorbent dosage (except 5.0 g/L). At sorbent dosage of 5 g/L, uptake of Zn(II) by ETB was enhanced by 3.2 times as compared to E beads. Sorption data fitted well to linearized Freundlich isotherm model and Ho’s pseudo second order kinetic model. The higher KF value of ETB than E indicated greater sorption capacity. The increase in Zn(II) and Pb(II) uptakes were attributed to enhanced chemisorption with thiol group in ETB beads.

CHITOSAN CHITOSAN DITHIOCARBAMATE THIOUREA CROSSLINK CT slice images of ETB

Dr. Yong Soon Kong Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +6012 6679470 E-mail: [email protected] 1999-2002 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2002-2004 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2010-2013 PhD (Environment Remediation) University of South Australia 2007-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia



OA18 PPrreeppaarraattiioonn aanndd cchhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff hhyyddrroottaallcciittee--aalluummiinnaa mmeemmbbrraannee ffrroomm ssooll--ggeell mmeetthhoodd

AD Wiheeb1,2, IK Shamsudin1, MR Othman1*

1 School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tikrit, Salah ad Din, Iraq

Hydrotalcite (HT) is anionic clay that has the capability to exchange ions and perform as catalysts and

adsorbents in a variety of applications. Despite its versatility, the use of HT as CO2 adsorbents, in particular, has been on the rise recently [1-6]. Hydrotalcite is typically prepared via co-precipitation. However, due to the nature of its meso-porosity and brittleness, preparation of hydrotalcite in the form of thin film usually results in cracks and defects, making it useless for separation and purification applications. Here, we attempted to produce defect free HT incorporating alumina to enable membrane development. We reported their physical characteristics from our analyses using X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption–desorption isotherms, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and gas permeation. Figure 1 shows SEM images of cracks and defect free HT-alumina membrane prepared in this work.

1. Martunus; Othman, MR; Fernando, WJN. Micro Meso Mater. 2011, 138, 110 2. Martunus; Helwani, H; Wiheeb, AD; Kim, J; Othman, MR. Int J Greenh Gas Con. 2012, 6, 179. 3. Martunus; Helwani, H; Wiheeb, AD; Kim, J; Othman, MR. Int J Greenh Gas Con 2012, 7 127. 4. Wiheeb, AD; Ahmad, MA; Murat, MN; Kim, J; Othman, MR. Sep Sci Technol. 2014, 49, 1309. 5. Wiheeb, AD; Ahmad, MA; Murat, MN; Kim, J; Othman, MR. Transport Porous Med. 2014, 102, 59. 6. Wiheeb, AD; Ahmad, MA; Murat, MN; Kim, J; Othman, MR. J Porous Med. 2014, 17, 159

Dr. Mohd Roslee Othman School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Phone: +60123076738 Fax: +6045941013 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Porous-dense membrane material preparation & characterization 1990-1994 BSc (Petroleum Eng.), University of Missouri-Rolla, USA 1997-1998 MSc (Petroleum Eng.), University of Missouri-Rolla, USA 1999-2002 PhD (Chemical Eng.), Universiti Sains Malaysia 2002-present Lecturer, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Figure 1 SEM images of HT-alumina membrane




OA19 SSppeeccttrroossccooppiicc SSttuuddyy ooff WWaatteerr SSoolluubbllee TTeettrraakkiiss--((44--ssuullpphhoonnaattoopphheennyyll))ppoorrpphhyyrriinn iinn tthhee PPrreesseennccee ooff AAnniioonnss

Wong Wen Yee,1*, Salasiah Endud1,2, Wong Ka Lun3, Mohd Bakri Bakar1, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang1,2,4

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai. 2 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai. 3 Natural Sciences & Science Education, NIE, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk,

Singapore 637616, Republic of Singapore 4Novel Material Research Group Nanotechnology Research Alliance

Anions play critical roles in many biological processes, as well as in the fields of medicine and environmental

pollution. Thus, the molecular recognition and sensing of anions has been a subject of intense research in multiple disciplines1,2. However, there are relatively few studies on anionic porphyrin as receptor for anions in aqueous solutions. Herein, in this work, water-soluble tetrakis(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin was explored as anion receptor toward F-, Cl- and CH3COO- in water. The monitoring of these anions is of interest since they are generally abundant in our ecosystem and, high levels exposure to the anions may be detrimental to health and environment3. The interaction between each of the anions with tetrakis-(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin was monitored by UV-Vis spectroscopy and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The binding of anion with the porphyrin was indicated by shifting of the Soret band in the UV-Vis spectra and the disappearance of pyrrole-H peak in the 1H-NMR spectra. Our findings indicate that tetrakis-(4-sulphonatophenyl)porphyrin possesses optical properties and a potential sensing material for industrial application.

1. Philip A. Gale, Nathalie Busschaert, Cally J. E. Haynes, Louise E. Karagiannidis and Isabelle L. Kirby, Chem Soc Rev, 2013.

2. Craig R. Rice, Coord. Chem. Rev., 2006, 3190-3199. 3. Veerati Radhika and G. V. Praveen, Advances in Applied Science Research, 2012, 3 (4) 2523-2528.

Ms. Wong Wen Yee Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60127636966 E-mail: wenyee_88@h otmail.com 2008-2011 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2011-present Phd candidate of Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Scheme 1 Synthesis route of research



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Mohd S. Sarjadi1,2, Hunan Yi2, Ahmed Iraqi2 and David G. Lidzey2

1Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah,

Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah 2Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK

The development of new conjugated polymers for application in plastic solar cells is attracting much

research interest for their potential as a low-cost system for renewable energy generation.1-3 We report a comparative study on three donor-acceptor carbazole-based copolymers containing dithienyl or thienothiophene moieties for application in organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. 4 The polymers were synthesised by Suzuki cross coupling, in order to investigate its suitability for application in photovoltaic cell.5 Morphological, spectroscopic and charge-transport measurements are used to investigate the influence of either the dithienyl or thienothiophene moieties on the structure and photophysical properties of the copolymer rationalise the solar cell characteristics. The optical band gap, Eg of polymers P1, P2 and P3 were 2.46 eV, 2.36 eV and 2.47 eV respectively. The photophysical properties of these polymers show that P2 has the narrowest optical band gap due to the electrostatic interaction between the hydrogens at the 4-position on thienothiophene rings and the fluorine substituents on the neighbouring carbazole repeat units.6 These results are in agreement with the design procedures for the use of these materials in photovoltaic applications. We tentatively explain such differences on the basis of reduced molar absorbance and reduced charge-carrier mobility in the thienothiophene-based polymers.

1. Baek, M.-J., Lee, S.-H., Kim, D., and Lee, Y.-S. Macromolecular Research 2012, 20, 147-154. 2. Cheng, Y.-J., Yang, S.-H., and Hsu, C.-S. Chemical Reviews 2009, 109, 5868-5923. 3. Coakley, K. M. and Mcgehee, M. D. Chemistry of Materials 2004, 16, 4533-4542. 4. Dennler, G., Scharber, M. C., and Brabec, C. J. Advanced Materials 2009, 21, 1323-1338. 5. Friend, R. H. Pure Appl. Chem. 2001, 73, 425-430. 6. Schwartz, B. J. Annu. Rev. Phys. Chem. 2003, 54, 141-172.

Mohd Sani Bin Sarjadi Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Jalan UMS, 88400 Kota Kinabalu, Sabah Phone: +6088-320 000 ext: 5785 Fax: +6088-435324 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Industrial Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry 1998-2002 B.Eng. (Industrial Chemistry) (Hons) UTM, Skudai 2004-2005 M.Sc (Chemistry) UTM, Skudai 2007-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia 2010-present On study leave for PhD at University of Sheffield, UK




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1,*L., Che Rose, 2H. Suhaimi 3S, Qi, and 2A.G. Mayes

1Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu, MALAYSIA

2Department of Chemistry and 3Department of Pharmacy, University of East Anglia, Norwich, ENGLAND

Compounds with amphipathic structures are among the most demanded products in the chemical industries such as pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, detergents, paints, dye stuffs, pesticides, fibers and plastics (Rosen, 1978). Surfactants have both hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tail (Figure 1). A hydrophobic molecule or compound, for example dioxin, will have affinity for the long hydrocarbon chain tail. In industry, surfactants are used either as essential additives or processing aids or in many cases as only a minor part of particular systems or formulations, although can have a dramatic effect on properties.

Figure 1. Structure of a typical surfactant (in this case a sodium stearate) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_stearate.png

Polymerisation may be achieved by incorporating a monomer in either the dispersed or continuous phase of

the microemulsion. If this reaction takes place at the interface between the two phases, this process is called interfacial polymerisation. The interfacial polymerisation technique is the method use to prepare oily and aqueous-type nanocapsules surrounded by polymer membrane as shown in scheme 1.

Scheme 1: Synthetic route for production of polymer nanomaterials.

1. Adamson, A.W. J Colloid Interface Sci.1969, 29: 261-267. 2. Ahmad, S.I., Shinoda, K. and Friberg, S.E. J Colloid Interface Sci 1976., 47: 32-37. 3. Aizawa, H, J. Appl. Cryst 2009., 42: 592-596. 4. Alany R.,G, Rades, T., Agatonovic-Kustrin, S., Davies N.M. and Tucker I.G 2000, 196(2):141-145. 5. Alany, R.G., Tucker, I.G., Davies, N.M. and Rades,T. , Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy,

27(1) : 31-38

Dr Laili Che Rose Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Phone: +006- 0199587555 Fax: +006-096683608 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Nanomaterials, Drug Delivery, Microemulsion 1991-1993 B.Sc. (Honest) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 2001 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 2014 Ph.D, University of East Anglia (UEA), United Kingdom Present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

Polar headgroup Hydrophilic Nonpolar tail

Hydrophobic

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sodium_stearate.png

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Alany%20RG%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Rades%20T%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Agatonovic-Kustrin%20S%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Davies%20NM%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed?term=%22Tucker%20IG%22%5BAuthor%5D

http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Alany%2C+Raid+G.)

http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Tucker%2C+Ian+G.)

http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Davies%2C+Nigel+M.)

http://informahealthcare.com/action/doSearch?action=runSearch&type=advanced&result=true&prevSearch=%2Bauthorsfield%3A(Rades%2C+Thomas)




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Abdo M. Al-Fakih1,2, Madzlan Aziz1,*, Hassan H. Abdallah3, Hasmerya Maarof1, Rosmahaida

Jamaludin1, Bishir Usman1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Technology Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sana’a University, Sana’a, Yemen 3 Department of Chemistry, College of Education, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq

Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling study was performed on isatin derivatives used

as corrosion inhibitors. Dragon software was used to calculate the molecular descriptors. Partial least square (PLS) method was used to run the regression analysis between the descriptors and measured corrosion inhibition efficiency (IE) of the studied derivatives. A predictive QSAR model was developed with correlation coefficient (r2

cal) of 0.9676. The model validity was assessed through internal and external validation. The cross-validation regression coefficient (r2

cv) and prediction regression coefficient (r2pred) were found to be 0.8163 and 0.9189,

respectively. The developed model was used to predict the IE for ten isatin derivatives. The results showed good stability and predictive ability of the model. Dragon based descriptors showed excellent ability to describe corrosion inhibition properties of the inhibitors. The findings of QSAR study were in good agreement with the experimental data.

Mr. Abdo M. Al-Fakih University Technology Malaysia, Johor , Malaysia (UTM) Phone: +6 0173378459 Fax: +60 7 5566162 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Chemometrics, Metal corrosion, Electrochemistry 1998-2002 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Sana’a University, Yemen 2010-2012 MSc. (Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2012-present PhD student at UTM, Malaysia




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Mastura binti Khairuddin1 , Siti Nurul Ain binti Md Jamil 1,2*

1Department of Chemistry, Science Faculty, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Pure & Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, Thomas Graham Building, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow, G1 1XL, Scotland, UK


Redox copolymerization of acrylonitrile (AN) with acrylamide (AM) was carried out in deionized water

using sodium bisulfate (SBS) and potassium persulphate (KPS) as free radical initiators. The percentage of yield decreases as the mole fraction of (AM) increases in the feed. The cyano groups in poly(AN-co-AM) beads were converted into amidrazone groups by chemical modification with hydrazine hydrate. The unmodified poly(AN-co-AM) and modified poly(AN-co-AM) were characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), microanalysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and amine capacity analysis. (FT-IR) spectrum has shown that the cyano functional group poly(AN-co-AM) was disappeared which confirmed the successful of chemical modification. The SEM micrographs showed that poly(AN-co-AM) obtained spherical shape and the average particle size of modified poly(AN-co-AM) is larger as compared to the average particle size of unmodified poly(AN-co-AM). The Thermogravimetric analysis indicated that the thermal stability of the modified poly(AN-co-AM) is lower as compared modified poly(AN-co-AM).

Keywords: redox polymerization, amidrazone group, chemical modification

Mastura binti Khairuddin Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Phone: 019-4491704 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry 2009-2013 Bachelor (Hons) of Industrial Chemistry at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 2013- present On study for Master at Universiti Putra Malaysia



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Nurfatehah Wahyuny Che Jusoh1, Aishah Abdul Jalil1,2* and Sugeng Triwahyono3,4

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

2Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

4Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Johor Bahru, Johor.


An advanced oxidation process (AOPs) using heterogeneous semiconductor photocatalysts such as

TiO2, Fe2O3, ZnO, CuO, and ZrO2 have become a popular method for the removal of toxic pollutants from wastewater1,2. Among them, ZnO has been widely researched in photocatalytic applications due to its activity which is comparable to TiO2. Recently, the incorporation of ZnO into a mesoporous material support has been discussed by several research groups3,4. It is believed that the incorporation of both materials is a beneficial approach to improve the photocatalytic activity of the catalyst5,6. Therefore, in this study, two approaches have been introduced to prepare a zinc oxide loaded on mesostructured silica nanoparticles (ZnO/MSN) catalyst; in-situ (ZnO/MSNis) and impregnation (ZnO/MSNim). The effect of the preparation methods on the properties of both catalyst were studied via XRD and FTIR analysis. The introduction of zinc species onto silica framework was found to form an interaction between the host and support material. The desilication occurred in the silica framework of the MSN accompanied by isomorphous substitution of Zn2+cations to form an active species Zn–O–Si bond. The photocatalytic activity of both ZnO/MSNs were tested on photodecolorization of methyl orange (MO). The ZnO/MSNis showed the highest decolorization rate at an optimum dosage of 1 g L-1 using 3.06 × 10−2 mM MO after 8 h at pH 2 under UV irradiation. A kinetic study demonstrated that the photocatalytic reaction followed the pseudo first-order model.

h+

e-

O2O2

-

H2O OH•

Methyl Orange

CO2

H2O

UV Light

0.00.51.01.52.02.53.0

3.5

4.0

Initi

al ra

te (x

10-3

mM

h-1)

Catalysts

ZnO

/MS

Nim

ZnO

/MS

Nis

1. J.H. Sun, S.Y. Dong, Y.K. Wang, S.P. Sun, J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 172, 1520–1526. 2. R. Wahab, I.H. Hwang, Y.-S. Kim, H.-S. Shin, Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 168, 359–366 3. C. Bouvy, F. Piret, W. Marine, B.L. Su, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2007, 433, 350–354. 4. H. Sun, X. Feng, S. Wang, H.M. Ang, M.O. Tadé, Chem. Eng. J. 2011, 170, 270–277. 5. N.W.C. Jusoh, A.A. Jalil, S. Triwahyono, H.D. Setiabudi, N. Sapawe, M.A.H. Satar, A.H. Karim, N.H.N.

Kamarudin, R. Jusoh, N.F. Jaafar, N. Salamun, J. Efendi, Appl Catal, A: Gen. 2013, 468, 276-287. 6. N. Sapawe, A.A. Jalil, S. Triwahyono, S.H. Adam, N.F. Jaafar, M.A.H. Satar, Appl. Catal., B:

Environ. 2012, 125, 311–323

Ms. Nurfatehah Wahyuny binti Che Jusoh Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Phone: +6013 9981990 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests : Photocatalytic, Mesoporous silica, Adsorption 2007-2011 B.Eng.(Chemical Engineering), UTM, Malaysia 2011-present PhD (Chemical Engineering), UTM, Malaysia

Scheme 1 Photodecolorization of Methyl Orange




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MMeettaall iinn AAcciiddiicc MMeeddiiaa

Bishir Usman1,2, Hasmerya Maarof1, Hassan H. Abdallah1,3, Madzlan Aziz1*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’azim, Malaysia

2Department of Pure and Industrial Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Bayero University, Kano. P. M. B. 3011, Kano, Nigeria.

3Department of Chemistry, Education College, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq. The Corrosion inhibition performance of 4-bromo-2-thiophene carboxaldehyde (BTCD) of mild steel in

acidic media has been predicted using quantitative structure activity relationship (QSAR) model and quantum chemical calculation which are validated by experimental methodologies such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to evaluate the model reliability on the predicted compounds as potential corrosion inhibitor 1. QSAR model explained the effect of size and nature of neighboring atom as well as linearity and branching of the compound as the most important structural properties defining the ability of the compound to inhibit corrosion1,2,3. The results from QSAR model show that BTCD exhibit good corrosion inhibition efficiency of 72% which may be due steric hinderance. However, the results from potentiodynamic polarization and EIS were found to be 84% and 83% respectively. Similarly the molecular structure of the compounds was investigated using DFT calculation with 6-311G++(d,p) basis set. The structure and optimized structure of BTCD are presented in figure 1. Quantum chemical parameters such as EHUMO, ELUMO, energy gap (Egap), hardness (η), softness (S), dipole moment (μ), electronegativity (X), electron affinity (A), ionization energy (I) and total energy (TE) were calculated. The results show that QSAR model can be used to predict the corrosion inhibition performance of a compound prior to experimental. Quantum chemical parameters confirmed that BTCD is a better corrosion inhibitor.

S

O

Br

H

HH

(a) (b)

1. Usman, B; Maarof, H; Abdallah, H. H; Jamaludin, R; Al-fakih, A. M. and Aziz, M. Int j. of Electrochem. Sci. 2014, 9, 1678.

2. Sayin, K; Karakaş, D. Corros. Sci. 2013, 77, 37. 3. Li, X; Deng, S; Fu, H; Mu, G Corros, Sci. 2009, 51, 3, 620. 4. Gece, G Corrosion, 2012, 9999,1.

Mr. Bishir Usman Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60133952792 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Corrosion Inhibition 1997-2003 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. 2006-2011 M.Sc. (Physical Chemistry) Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria. 2007-present Lecturer at Bayero University, Kano, Nigeria 2012-present On study leave for PhD at UTM

Figure 1:(a) Structure of BTCD (b) Optimised Structure OF BTCD




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Suhaimi Suratman1*, An Nuuru Ar Rasyiidah Hussein1, Norhayati Mohd Tahir 1,2,

Mohd Talib Latif3

1 Institute of Oceanography and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

2 School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia.

3 School of Environmental and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

This paper presents the results for surface water quality parameters measured in the Setiu Wetland, on the

east coast of Malaysia, which feeds into the southern part of the South China Sea. There are no previous studies dealing with the seasonal and spatial variation of water quality in this area, despite numerous anthropogenic inputs into this ecologically and economically important wetland. The parameters measured were salinity, temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total suspended solids (TSS). These parameters were sampled monthly from October 2009 to September 2010, during both the wet and dry seasons, at ten sampling stations distributed throughout the area. The physical water quality parameters were measured in situ whilst TSS and BOD were determined using the standard methods. A deterioration of water quality in the Setiu Wetland was observed in areas near agriculture and aquaculture activities. This was expected to be as a result of the use of fertilisers, waste from fish farm food and the waste products of aquaculture. The parameters measured showed lower mean values of surface salinity, temperature, DO, pH and TSS during the wet season relative to the dry season. In contrast, the concentration of BOD was high during the wet season and lowest in the dry season. Results obtained from this study clearly revealed the surface physical water quality for the Setiu Wetland was highly influenced by anthropogenic activities and seasonal variation. Therefore, both factors must be considered to move towards proper management of this wetland.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Suhaimi Suratman Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +609 6683627 Fax: +609 6692166 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Chemistry 1989-1993 B.Sc. (Hons) (Chemistry), University of Malaya, Malaysia 1994-1997 M.Sc. (Environmental Chemistry), University of Malaya, Malaysia 2000-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia 2004-2008 Ph.D. (Chemical Oceanography), University of East Anglia, U.K

Insert picture




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Nurrulhidayah Salamun1, Sugeng Triwahyono12*, Aishah Abdul Jalil3, Nur Fatien Mohd Salleh3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia 2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor,

Malaysia 3Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM), Johor, Malaysia Mercury and arsenic are the two most toxic pollutants which pose a great threat to both human health and

organism security. A great deal of research over recent decades has been motivated by the requirement to lower the concentration of these heavy metals in water and the need to develop low cost techniques which can be widely applied for heavy metals remediation. In recent years, biosorption appears to be the most promising method because of its cost effective, easy regeneration of biosorbents, and possibility of metal recovery1. Inexpensive naturally occurring lignocellulosic materials such as coconut coir pith, rice straw, rice husk ash and sugarcane bagasse have been studied for heavy metal removal by several researchers2-4. These lignocellulosic biomass waste materials mainly composed of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Various chemical groups exist including hydroxyl group play a critical role in the biosorption processes by cation exchange phenomena.

In this work, stem fibers extracted from Musaceae family (Figure 1) as a low cost biosorbent for Hg(II) and As(V) removal was evaluated. A simple pretreatment by HCl and NaOH on the biosorbent show a great potential for sequestering both cationic and anionic heavy metal ions from aqueous solution. The performance of the biosorbent was tested by the biosorption of Hg(II) and As(V) in a batch system under varying pH, biosorbent dosage, and initial metal concentration. Biosorption of Hg(II) and As(V) ions reached equilibrium in 90 min. It was observed that the adsorption yield for both metal ions was found to be pH dependent. The maximum adsorption capacity of Hg(II) takes place at pH 7 while As(V) at pH 5. Their adsorption behaviour can be described as Langmuir isotherm with maximum adsorption capacities of 15.7 and 2.2 mg/g for Hg(II) and As(V) ions, respectively. The adsorption kinetics was best described by the pseudo-second order model. The results show that this biosorbent which belongs to the Musaceae family could be used as a low-cost material for the biosorption of Hg(II) and As(V) in water treatment.

1. Ayhan, D. J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 157, 2. 2. Anirudhan, T.S.; Divya, L.; Ramachandran, M. J. Hazard. Mater. 2008, 157, 620-627. 3. Rocha, C.G.; Zaia, D.A.M.; da Silva Alfaya, R.V.; da Silva Alfaya, A.A. J. Hazard. Mater. 2009, 166,

383-388. 4. Hoi, L.W.S.; Martincigh, B.S. Ind. Crop. Prod. 2013, 47, 1-12.

Mrs. Nurrulhidayah Salamun University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Physical Chemistry 2007-2010 B.Sc. (Chemistry) University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2010-2012 M.Sc (Chemistry) University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2012-present PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia

Figure 1: Fibers extract from Musaceae family



Figure 1 Landfill leachate

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Majd Ahmed Jumaah1*, Mohamed Rozali Othman1

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, MALAYSIA

Landfill leachate is a major source of pollution caused by

the wastewater generated from solid waste buried underground1 as shown in Figure 1. Electrochemical oxidation processes, is one of the environmental friendly technologies in landfill leachate treatment processes2. In this research, we attended several electrodes of metal powder (Fe, Pt, Ni, Co, Cu, Al, Ag) with PVC by mixing a weighed portion of metal powder and PVC in THF solvent3. Swirled until the suspension was homogeneous and drying the suspension in an oven at 100˚C for 3 h. the dry sample was then placed in a 1 cm diameter stainless steel mould and pressed at 10 ton/cm2. The results showed a better electrode is Pt-PVC gave removal rate, 99% of color and 97% of COD as shown in Figure 2.

1. Bouhezile, F.; hariti, M.; lounici, H.; mameri, N. desalination, 2011, 347, 353. 2. Yang, D.; james, D.E. science direct 2007, 380, 388. 3. Riyanto.; Mohamed, R.O. the open materials science journal 2008, 40, 46.

Mrs. Majd Ahmed Jumaah Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Phone: +60174586627 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry and physical Chemistry

9002-9002 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Baghdad University, Iraq 2002-2013 Lab assistant at Tikrit University- College of Science 2013-present On study leave for M.Sc. at UKM-FST (Chemistry)

Figure 2: Leachate treatment

Insert picture




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Muhammad Nabil Fikri Yahaya1*, Muhammad Ali Muhammad Yuzir1, Razman Salim1

1 Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia

A series of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) hollow fiber ultrafiltration membranes made of different

titanium oxide (TiO2) concentration with the presence of polyvinypyrrolidone as additive was prepared. The membranes performances were characterized in terms of pure water flux and polyvinypyrrolidone rejection with different molecular weight, while the membranes morphology were analyzed using scanning electron microscope. The experimental resulted shows when increasing TiO2 into 1wt.% optimized permeate water flux and polyvinypyrrolidone rejection of 47.74 L/m2h (±2.27) and 91% (±0.1), respectively, determined when tested using 1000ppm polyvinypyrrolidone solution with molecular weight 360kDa. However, decreasing polyvinypyrrolidone rejection trend were obtained when decreasing molecular weight into 40kDa and 10kDa.

Muhammad Nabil Fikri Bin Yahaya Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +06 013 7150584 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Membrane 2008-2012 B.Eng (Civil) University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2012-present M.Eng (Environmental) University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia

Characterization of modified hollow fiber

membrane

Identify and fabricate of modified hollow fiber

membrane

Analysis data and performance of modified hollow fiber membrane

remove Bisphenol A




OB5 FFaabbrriiccaattiioonn ooff CChhaarrccooaall BBaassee MMeettaalllliicc CCoommppoossiittee EElleeccttrrooddee aanndd DDeeccoolloorriissaattiioonn ooff RReeaaccttiivvee OOrraannggee 1166 DDyyee

Zuhailie Zakaria1*, Mohamed Rozali Othman1, Wan Yaacob Wan Ahmad1, Muhammad Rahimi

Yusop1, Norazzizi Nordin1

1 School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi Selangor, Malaysia

The application of charcoal base metallic composite electrode using five different types of charcoal (activated, coconut shell, mangrove tree, bamboo, and sugar cane charcoals) were investigated to fabricate an effective and low cost electrode in decolorise textile industries wastewater. The mixture of charcoal-graphite-tin powder and graphite powder-polyvinyl chloride (PVC) was mixed together and later pressed at 10 toncm-2 to form two layers of pellet. C.I. Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) was chosen as the model dye because of its high resistance towards conventional treatment methods while NaCl was selected as supporting electrolyte. The electrode efficiencies were determined by percentage of RO16 decolorisation. The effect of PVC percentage, types of charcoal and duration of electrolysis were examined and the results indicated that application of charcoal base metallic composite electrode using mangrove tree, coconut shell, activated, bamboo and sugar cane charcoals able to decolorise RO16 up to 99.3, 97.9, 89.4, 88.4 and 84.5% respectively after 1 hour electrolysis time and increase proportionally with increase in duration of electrolysis. The study of activated charcoal base metallic composite electrode illustrated that reduction of PVC percentage also led to enhance in RO16 decolorisation percentage. The decolorisation of RO16 was determined by the changes of absorption spectrum intensity of azochromophore (-N=N-) using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Although mangrove charcoal base metallic composite electrode was more efficient than coconut shell charcoal base metallic composite electrode in degradation of RO16, the durability of coconut shell charcoal base metallic composite electrode with 40% PVC was higher.

Ms. Zuhailie binti Zakaria Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: 0145087070 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Analyses 2008-2011 B.Science (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2012-present M.Science (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia




OB6

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Zaini Bin Assim*, Siti Suhaila Binti Gusni, Fasihuddin Badruddin Ahmad

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Resource Science & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

Coal is an organoclastic sedimentary rock which is a remnant of lithified plant debris1. Organic geochemical

study is the best way in order to identify organic materials in coals and also to trace their origin. Most of vegetal constituents have undergo profound changes during coalification but several biomarkers found in coal can be traced back to their phytogenic precursors because they either remained unchanged and they only changed insignificantly, mainly by loss of hydroxyl, carboxyl or other functional groups leaving the carbon skeleton intact2. Biomarkers also provide information on the depositional environmental of coals. Formation of coal involves both geological and biological processes which take place over a long period. Geolipids extracted from three coal deposits of Sarawak were assessed for their sources of organic matter, depositional environment and maturity based on distribution of aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons content. Plot of pristane/nC17 versus phytane/nC18

3 (see Figure 1) indicates Merit Pila coal originated from terrestrial sources, Balingian coal from marine sources, while Silantek coal originated from mixture of terrestrial and marine sources. Several biomarker indices such as carbon preference index (CPI), odd-over-even predominance (OEP), LMW/HMW and other indices support this finding. Pristane/phytane ratio, distribution of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and n- alkanes indicate organic matter deposited under anoxic condition during their early diagenesis. Proximate analysis showed Merit Pila and Balingian coals are within sub-bituminous rank, while Silantek coal categorized as bituminous rank. Plot of CPI versus OEP indicates all studied coal samples are thermally matured.

Figure 1 : Plot of Pristane/nC17 vs Phytane/nC18 for Merit-Pila, Balingian & Silantek coals.

1. Barnsley, G.B. Coal Geology and Coal Technology 1984. 2. Tissot, B.P.; Welte, D.H. Petroleum Formation and Occurrence 1978. 3. Peters, K.E.; Walters, C.C.; Moldowan, J.M. The Biomarker Guide: Biomarkers and Isotopes in the

Environment and Human History. 2005.

Dr Zaini Bin Assim Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia Phone: +082 5830260 Fax: +082 583160 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Hydrocarbon geochemistry, essential oils, seed oil. 1980-1984 B.Sc (Hons).(Chemistry), UKM Malaysia 1986-1990 PhD (Environmental Analysis) University of Salford, England 2010-present Professor at Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia



OB7 PPrreeppaarraattiioonn ooff AAccttiivvaatteedd CCaarrbboonn ffrroomm SSppeenntt MMuusshhrroooomm FFaarrmmiinngg WWaassttee ((SSMMFFWW)) vviiaa BBBBDD DDeessiiggnn ooff RRSSMM MMeetthhoodd

Nurul-Shuhada Md-Desa2, Chia-Chay Tay1*, Zaidi Ab Ghani1, Suhaimi Abdul-Talib3

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Arau, Perlis, 02600 Malaysia 2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450 Malaysia 3Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi MARA,Shah Alam, Selangor, 40450 Malaysia

This study focused on activated carbon preparation from spent mushroom farming waste (SMFW) via

chemical activation using BBD design of RSM method. Potassium hydroxide (KOH) functions as activating reagent as it plays an important role in enhancing the activated carbon porosity. Three input parameters and two responses were evaluated via this software generated experimental design. The effects of three preparation parameters of impregnation ratio, activation time and activation temperature and responses of carbon yield and iodine number were investigated. The optimum conditions for preparing activated carbon from SMFW was found at SMFW: KOH impregnation ratio of 0.25, activation time of 30 min and activation temperature of 400⁰C which resulted in 28.23% of carbon yield and 314.14 mg/g of iodine number with desirability of 0.994. The predicted results were well corresponded with experimental results. This study is important in economical large scale SMFW activated carbon preparation for application study with minimum chemical and energy input.

Ms. Nurul Shuhada Binti Md Desa Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Phone: 013-4575221 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environment 2006-2009 Diploma in Industrial Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara 2010-2012 BSc (Applied Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Mara 2014-present Master Student at Universiti Teknologi Mara



OB8 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd cchhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff γγ aanndd αα aalluummiinnaa ffrroomm aalluummiinniiuumm ddrroossss wwaassttee bbyy ssuullpphhuurriicc aacciidd ddiissssoolluuttiioonn

Lai Fok How1, Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap1,2*, Mohd. Saleh Jaafar3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 2Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science,

Unuversiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. 3Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

Aluminium (Al) dross, also known as Al salt slag or Al salt cake, is a waste produced from Al production

when refining Al at high temperature furnaces. Al dross is classified as schedule waste due to its hazardous and toxic nature, disposal of Al dross residue is expected to be forbidden or extremely expensive because it poses a risk to the human life and environment as it emits harmful gases when get contact with moisture, and its soluble salts contain will leach to ground water.

Al dross is valued on a recovery basis because it contains mostly of oxides (mainly Al oxide, Al2O3), crystallized salt (mainly halide, NaCl and halide, KCl) and non-metallic components particles, but converting of Al dross from toxic waste into friendly or high technology alumina material is one of the most challenging tasks.

In the present study, industrial Al dross was washed with distilled water, followed by acid leaching, precipitation and finally calcinations. The extracted products were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET (Brunauer-Emmet-Teller) surface area, Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). The result shows that γ and α-Al2O3 were successfully extracted from Al dross.

1. Das, B.R.; Tripathy, B.C.; Bhattacharya, I.N.; Das, S.C. Min. Eng. 2007, 20 2. Dash, B.; Das, B.R.; Tripathy, B.C.; Bhattacharya, I.N.; Das, S.C. Hydromet. 2008, 92 3. Huaming, Y.; Mingzhu, L.; Jing, O. Apply Clay Sc. 2010, 47 4. Ezzat, A.E.; Samih, A.H.; Mohamed, A.M.; Mohamed, I.Z. J. Chem. Technol. Biotech. 2000, 75 5. Meor, Y.M.S.; Masliana, M.; Wilfred, P. Recent Adv. in Env., Ecosystems and Dev.

Mr. Lai Fok How Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60198658320 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Material Chemistry, Waste Treatment. 2006-2009 B.Sc.(Hons.) – Petroleum Chemistry, UPM, Malaysia. 2010-present M.Sc. candidate at UPM, Malaysia. 2011-2013 Demonstratorat UPM, Malaysia. May-Aug. 2014 Part time lecturer at TAR University College, Malaysia. 2014-present Researcher at PutraCAT, UPM, Malaysia.




OB9 PPrreeppaarraattiioonn ooff aaccttiivvaatteedd ccaarrbboonn ffrroomm ooiill ppaallmm eemmppttyy ffrruuiitt bbuunncchh ffoorr rreemmoovvaall ooff BBiisspphheennooll AA

Mohd Aidil Bin Elias, Mohd Razman Salim, Tony Hadibarata

Water Research Alliance, Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Powdered Activated Carbon (PAC) based adsorption method is one of the promising techniques owing to it

highly efficiency, and less time consumption in waste water treatment field. Unfortunately, its application fields are restricted due to high cost. As solutions, researchers try to use the low cost wastes and also agricultural by-products as substituents to replace the conventional activated carbon. This project used an abundant and locally available waste product generated from palm oil mill as an alternative substituent to produced activated carbon (AC). As one of the largest producer of palm oil in the worlds, Malaysia have generated huge amount of residue namely Empty fruit bunch (EFB) at about 12.4 million t/y. Alternative used of this wastes not only give economic solution but also reduced the environment problem causing by the wastes when being throw in landfills and being left unused.

The production of EFB-Activated Carbon was based on experimental design prepared using Design Expert software. The EFB-AC was produced inside tube furnace which the effects of the variable parameters such as activation temperature, activation time, nitrogen gas flow were investigated. It was chemically activated using Potassium Hydroxide, (KOH) as activating agent under impregnation ratio of 3:1. The effectiveness of the EFB-AC produced in removal of Bisphenol A (BPA) were determined. BPA was considered as typical endocrine disrupting chemicals which may influence our living systems. The optimum conditions for preparing the activated carbon were found at activation time 850 ᵒC, activation time of 30 min and the Nitrogen flow gas at 90 mm/min. The microstructure characterization of the EFB-AC will analyse under SEM, EDX and FTIR.

1. Alam, Z.M., Muyibi, S.A., Kamaldin, N. 2008, 21, 77. 2. Tan, I.A.W., Hameed, B.H., Ahmad, A.L. 2007, 111-119. 3. Mozammel M. H, Masahiro O, Bhattacharya SC 2002, 397-400. 4. Dastgheib S. A, Rockstraw D. A 2001, 1849 -1855.

Mr. Mohd Aidil Bin Elias University of Technology, Malaysia Phone: +6013 9516867 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental 2008-2011 B.Science.(Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2012-2014 M.Eng (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)



OB10

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Azizul Mohd Zahari2*, Abdull Rahim Mohd Yusoff1,2, M Jasmin Fathi Jasni2

1 Institute of Environmental Management and Water Resources (IPASA), U niversiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia


Electrospinning was used to prepare a composite polyvinylidene fluoride, (PVDF) nonwoven nanofibers membrane by dissolving PVDF in N,N-Dimethylformamide, (DMF) solvent with activated carbon, (AC) and polyvinylpyrrolidone, (PVP) filler into the polymer solution. The polymer was blended together with the fillers to form a homogeneous polymer solution.

The electrospinning parameters such as polymer concentration, working distance, feeding rate, needle size and applied voltage were controlled and optimized. The electrospinning parameters was set at 150 mm working distance, 1.5 mL/h feeding rate, 25G x 1’ (0.50 x 25 mm) needle size, and 18 kV applied voltage. The polymer concentration was fixed at 18 wt % of PVDF with 1 wt % of AC and 1 wt % of PVP. The electrospun nanofibers were characterized to determine the morphologies, surface area, pore size, wettability property, AC contents, crystallinity, and its tensile strength.

Azizul Mohd Zahari Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6014 2695945 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Water Treatment 2010-2013 B.Sc Forensic Analysis (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi MARA,

(UiTM) Malaysia 2014-present Student M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

Malaysia

-



OB11

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Abdul Halim Abdullah1,*, Hauwa Sidi Aliyu1, Zulkifly Abbas2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

Ag2O-ZnO nanocomposite was successfully synthesized using microwave irradiation at 90C and 120 W,

respectively. The synthesized nanocomposite powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) Spectroscope, X-ray Fluorescence (XRF), and Energy Dispersed X-ray (EDX). The energy band gaps of the nanocomposites were estimated from absorption data obtained from UV-Vis-NIR spectroscopy. The XRD result showed that the synthesized nanocomposite has hexagonal ZnO zincite crystallite structure and the average crystalline sizes of the nanocomposites was estimated using Scherer’s equation and was found to be within the same range with images from TEM analysis. Elemental compositions were also confirmed through the XRF analysis result. The Photodegradation efficiency of the synthesized Ag-ZnO nanocomposite was evaluated by employing Nitrobenzene as a model organic pollutant. Maximum absorption time obtained was 45mins and 0.5g as maximum mass load. The efficiency of the MW-synthesized nanocomposite was found to be higher as compared with the commercial ZnO. Ag-ZnO was found to have its highest efficiency of 97% after 2hrs of photodegradation period.

Figure 1: Effect of catalyst loading on the Removal rate of Nitrobenzene.

1. Dunnil, C.W.;Ansari, Z.; Kafizas, A.; Perni, S.; Morgan, D.J.; Wilson, M.; Parkin, I.P. J Mater

Chem2011, 21, 11854. 2. Ouyang, J.; Chang, M.; Li, X. J Mater Sci 2012, 47, 4187. 3. Donkova, B.; Vasileva, P.; Nihtianova, D.; Velichkova, N.; Stefanov, P.; Manandjiev, D. J Mater

Sci2011, 46, 7134. 4. Fazhe, S.; Xueliang, Q.; Fatang, T.; Wei, W.; Xialin, Q. J Mater Sci. 2012, 47, 7262

Abdul Halim Abdullah Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +603 8946 6777 Fax: +603 89435308 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis and Environmental Chemistry 1988-1992 B.Sc.(Chemistry) University of New Brunswick, Canada. 1996-1999 PhD (Chemistry) University of Dundee, Scotland, UK 1999-present Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia



OB12 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd cchhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff ZZrr--ddooppeedd TTiittaanniiaa bbaasseedd pphhoottooccaattaallyysstt

ffoorr pphhoottooddeeggrraaddaattiioonn ooff ppaarraaqquuaatt ddiicchhlloorriiddee

Nur Afiqah Badli1*, Rusmidah Ali1, LenyYuliati2



Titania (TiO2) has been widely used as photocatalyst due to good properties which are non-toxic, reusable,

and photostable. The band gap energy of TiO2 plays an important role as it is near the visible light region which makes it suitable to be applied in industries1, 2. Previous studies had been reported that modification of titania with other metal oxide showed better photocatalytic performance and inhibited the electron-hole recombination rate by narrowing the band gap energy3, 4. In this work, the synthesis, characterization and photodegradation of paraquat dichloride were investigated. 20%Zr-doped TiO2 was successfully synthesized using modified sol gel method and calcined at various temperature range from 700-800°C for 5 hours5. The characterization studies were conducted using X-Ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and diffuse reflectance UV- visible (DR-UV-vis) spectroscopy. The experimental results indicate that, the highest photocatalytic activity was obtained using 20%Zr-doped TiO2 calcinated at 750ºC with larger surface area which could be ascribed to the enhancement of the crystallite size. DR UV spectra show red shift in band gap absorption which indicate that Zr ion has been incroporated into the lattice of TiO2.

1. Lee, S. Y.; Park, S. J. Ind. Eng. Chem. 2013, 19, 1761. 2. The, C. M.; Mohamed, A. R. J. Alloy Compd. 2011, 509, 1648. 3. Han, F.; Kambala, V. S. R.; Srinivasan, M.; Rajarathnam, D.; Naidu, R. Appl. Catal., A. 2009, 359, 25. 4. Shifu, C.; Huaye, Z.; Xiaoling, Y.; Wei, L.; Junen, W.; Qiangchun, L.; Lei; C. Mater. Chem. Phys. 2010,

124, 1057. 5. Aziz, A. A. Thesis Master, UTM. 1999.

Ms. Nur Afiqah binti Badli Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60 13 7148376 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected]. Research interests: Green Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Photocatalysis. 2008-2011 B.Science (Industrial Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2011-present Postgraduate student (PhD) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM), Malaysia



Figure 1 TEM image of IS−FeOOH

10 nm

5 nm

OD13

KKiinneettiicc aannaallyyssiiss ooff 22--cchhlloorroopphheennooll pphhoottooddeeggrraaddaattiioonn oovveerr αα--FFeeOOOOHH nnaannooppaarrttiicclleess pprreeppaarreedd iinn ccaattiioonniicc ssuurrffaaccttaanntt eelleeccttrroollyyttee

Rohayu Jusoh1, Aishah Abdul Jalil1,2*, Sugeng Triwahyono3,4, Nur Farhana Jaafar4

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering,

2Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

4Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81300 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


2-Chlorophenol (2-CP) which widely used in various chemical processes such as in agriculture, paper,

cosmetic, biocide, and public health industries, presents serious threats to the surrounding ecosystem. In recent years, photocatalytic treatment system was found to be the most promising alternative for the abatement of this recalcitrant pollutant1. α–FeOOH as a semiconductor catalyst, has been widely used in the degradation of many chlorinated compounds due to its unique electrical, optical and photoluminescence properties2. Owing to the advantages of using electrochemical as a catalyst preparation method3, this study reports the electrosynthesis of α–FeOOH nanoparticles in a cationic surfactant, IS (IS−FeOOH). IS that acts as an only electrolyte is capable in producing IS−FeOOH nanoparticles without any agglomeration4. Its crystallinity and morphology were analyzed using an X–ray diffractometer and a transmission electron microscope, respectively. The characterization results verified that IS plays an important role in the miniaturization of the α–FeOOH nanoparticles, with a diameter range of 5–10 nm (Figure 1). The activity of IS–FeOOH was tested on a photodegradation of 2–chlorophenol (2–CP). Results showed that at nearly neutral condition of pH 5 was able to completely degrade 2–CP within 180 min of reaction at 50°C, using 0.03 g L−1 of catalyst dosage and 50 mg L−1 of 2–CP initial concentration. Kinetic analysis indicates that the apparent rate constant, kapp increased with increasing initial concentration of 2–CP up to 50 mg L−1 and then reduced as the initial concentration increased to 70 mg L−1. The calculated kr and KLH were 8.3 mg L–1 min–1 and 2.8 × 10−4 L mg–1, respectively, suggesting a surface reaction was the controlling step of the process. The results provide strong evidence to support the potential use of IS as an alternative electrolyte to synthesize nanosized photocatalyst that can be used to treat organic pollutants.

1. M. Munoz, Z.M. de Pedro, J.A. Casas, J.J. Rodriguez, J. Hazard. Mater. 2011, 190, 993. 2. A. Gajović, A.M.T. Silva, R.A. Segundo, S. Šturm, B. Janćar, M. Čeh, Appl. Catal. B: Environ. 2011,

103, 351. 3. A.A. Jalil, N. Kurono, M. Tokuda, Synthesis 2002, 18, 2681. 4. R. Jusoh, A.A. Jalil, S. Triwahyono, A. Idris, S. Haron, N. Sapawe, N.F. Jaafar, N.W.C. Jusoh, Appl.

Catal. A: Gen. 2014, 469, 33.

Ms. Rohayu Jusoh Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6017 957 3569 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Advanced materials, electrochemistry, photocatalysis, adsorption 2007-2011 B.Eng.(Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2011-present PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia




OB14 MMooddiiffiiccaattiioonn ooff TTiittaanniiuumm DDiiooxxiiddee NNaannooppaarrttiicclleess wwiitthh CCooppppeerr OOxxiiddee

CCoo--ccaattaallyysstt ffoorr PPhhoottooccaattaallyyttiicc DDeeggrraaddaattiioonn ooff 22,,44--DDiicchhlloorroopphheennooxxyyaacceettiicc AAcciidd

Leny Yuliati1*, Wai Ruu Siah1, Nur Azmina Roslan2, Mustaffa Shamsuddin2, Hendrik O. Lintang1

1 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Corresponding author email: [email protected]

2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) is a common herbicide that has been used in control of broadleaf

weeds, wheat, corn, pastureland, lawn, recreational lakes, turf, and roadsides. Due to it excessive usage, these herbicides that contained 2,4-D can cause contamination over agricultural land and water bodies. Photocatalytic removal of environmental pollutants such as herbicides has been a topic of great interest over the years1. One of the most widely used materials for photocatalytic degradation of environmental pollutants is TiO2. A number of strategies have been developed in order to improve the catalytic activity of TiO2 photocatalyst. In particular, it has been shown that transition metal oxides, such as copper oxide, are potential to enhance the photocatalytic activity of TiO2

2,3. In the present work, a simple impregnation method was used to modify the commercial P25 TiO2 nanoparticles with the copper oxide. The prepared samples were characterized by XRD, reflectance UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies. It was observed that the incorporation of copper oxide did not significantly affect the crystal structure of TiO2. On the other hand, the presence of copper oxide was confirmed by reflectance UV-visible and fluorescence spectroscopies.

Figure 1 shows the photocatalytic removal of 2,4-D on bare TiO2 and modified TiO2 nanoparticles. It can be clearly shown that after 1 hour reaction, the photocatalytic activity of TiO2 increased from 48 to 54% with the increase of copper oxide loading up to 0.5 mol%. Unfortunately, the higher loading amount of copper oxide resulted in the lower photocatalytic activity. When the loading amount was 5 mol%, the activity decreased to 26%. This result clearly suggested that the small amount of copper oxide, which was 0.5 mol%, was the optimum amount in this study to give the highest activity for the copper oxide supported on TiO2 series. The higher photocatalytic activity would be originated from the lower electron-hole recombination.

1. Malato, S.; Fernández-Ibáñez, P.; Maldonado, M.I.; Blanco, J.; Gernjak, W. Catal. Today 2009, 147, 1.

2. Yu, J.; Hai, Y.; Jaroniec, M. J. Colloid Inter. Sci. 2011, 357, 223. 3. Lee, S.S.; Bai, H.; Liu, Z.; Sun, D.D. Water Res. 2013, 47, 4059.

Dr. Leny Yuliati Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60 75536272 Fax: +60 75536080 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Heterogeneous catalysis and photocatalysis, sensor materials 1996-2000 B.Sci. (Chemistry) Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia 2003-2005 M.Eng. (Applied Chemistry) Nagoya University, Japan 2005-2008 D. Eng. (Applied Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and

Biotechnology) Nagoya University, Japan 2008-2010 JSPS Fellow Researcher at the University of Tokyo, Japan 2010-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

0 1 2 3 4 50

20

40

60

Deg

rada

tion

of 2

,4-D

(%)

Loading of copper oxide (mol%)

Figure 1. Photocatalytic removal of 2,4-D on bare and modified TiO2 samples.





OB15

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Faisal Hussin1, Hendrik O. Lintang2, Leny Yuliati2*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

*Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Phenol is a stable and hazardous compoundthat is commonly found as an industrial effluent 1. Phenol can be treated by photocatalysis using ZnO as a photocatalyst2, 3. Unfortunately, the use of zinc oxide (ZnO) in photocatalysis is limited due to the photocorrosion effect and poor response to the visible light4. Various methods have been reported to improve the performance of ZnO,such as the use of carbon nitride (C3N4) to suppress the photocorrosion and improve the absorption in the visible light region5. It was reported that the ZnO-C3N4could be prepared by mixing the powder ZnO with C3N4that was dispersed in methanol, followed by drying process under nitrogen atmosphere5. In the present study, a series of ZnO-C3N4was prepared bya simplermethod, which was impregnationof zinc oxide precursor on the C3N4, followed by calcination process. The effect of zinc to carbon ratio (Zn/C) on the properties and photocatalytic activity was examined.XRD patterns of the samples revealed that as the Zn/C ratio increased, the intensity of diffraction peaks for ZnO also increased but the intensity for C3N4 decreased. All the prepared composite materials have an extended absorption band in the visible light region due to the presence of C3N4, as supported by DR-UV Vis spectra. The prepared ZnO-C3N4 composites were further investigated in the photocatalytic removal of phenol under visible light irradiation for 5 hours. All ZnO-C3N4 samples showed higher activity than the bare ZnO (Figure 1). The ZnO-C3N4 with Zn/C ratio of 1 mol% showed the highest photocatalytic activity for removal of phenol among all the samples. The high activity observed on the ZnO-C3N4 would be due to the role of C3N4 to suppress electron-hole recombination and extend the absorption of ZnO in the visible light region.

1. Ahmed, S.; Rasul, M.G.; Martens, W.N.; Brown, R.; Hashib, M.A. Desalination. 2010, 261(1-2), 3. 2. Lathasree, S.; Rao, A.N.; SivaSankar, B.;Sadasivam, V.: Rengaraj, K. Van Camp, L.; Krigas, J. Mol.

Catal. A: Chem. 2004, 223, 101. 3. Pardeshi, S.K.; Patil, A.B. Sol. Energy. 2008, 82(8), 700. 4. Neppolian, B.; Sakhtivel, S.; Arabindoo, B.; Palanichamy, M.; Murugesan, V. J. Environ. Sci. Health.

Part A. 1999. 34(9), 1829. 5. Yajun, W.; Rui, S.; Jie, L.; Yongfa, Z. Energy Environ. Sci. 2011, 4, 2922.

Mr. Faisal Hussin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: 013745029 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Nanomaterials, Material Sciences, Photocatalysis 2009-2012 B.Sci.(Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

Malaysia 2012-present PhD (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM),

Figure 1 Photocatalytic activity of ZnO-C3N4composites with various amounts of Zn/C ratio

Amount of Zn/C ratio (mol%)

Rem

oval

of p

heno

l (%

)

0 10 20 30 40 500

10

20

30

40

50




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Zaini Hamzah1, Sabarina Md Yunus1*, Ab Khalik Wood1

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, School of Chemistry and Environment Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Malaysia has about 4,800 km of coastline comprising two distinctly different physical formations, namely

the mangrove fringed mud flats and sandy beaches. The coastal zone of Malaysia has a special socio-economic and environmental significance. It supports a large percentage of the population and it is also the centre of economic activities encompassing urbanisation, agriculture, fisheries, aquaculture, oil and gas exploitation, transportation and communication and recreation. Increasing human populations and associated socioeconomic activities such as urbanization, industrial development and agricultural activities along the Sungai Langat have focused intention on the risk of those activities to the estuaries and coastal1. Water pollution in the coastal areas is a critical environmental issue of concern across the globe when growing human population increase the intensities of anthropogenic threats exert on the environment as a result of industrialization, municipalities and agriculture activities. Heavy metal contamination of the coastal environment continues to attract the attention of environmental researchers because of its increasing input to coastal waters, especially in developing countries. In fact, in recent decades, industrial and urban activities have contributed to the increase of heavy metal contamination in the marine environment and have directly influenced coastal ecosystems2. Heavy metals can enter the food through direct consumption of water or organisms or through uptake processes and be potentially accumulated in edible fish. Heavy metals discharged into the marine environment can damage both marine species diversity and ecosystems, due to their toxicity and accumulative behaviour. In the present study, samples were collected from Pulau Indah and Permatang Pasir. The concentrations of heavy metals of Pb, Cu, Zn and U were estimated and compared. Muscle tissue samples were digested using concentrated nitric acid in wet digestion method. Lastly heavy metal concentrations were detected using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission (ICP-OES). The results showed the following order of abundance Zn> U> Pb> Cu with the samples collected from Pulau Indah is higher than Permatang Pasir. However, the observed metal concentration in the sample tissue did not exceed the allowable limit of Malaysian Food Act (1983) and Regulation (1985). Therefore, it is safe for human consumption. Moreover, the permissible limit of these heavy metals via fish consumption was discussed. The pollution levels of these heavy metals were also compared with other studies. This present study can also be used to evaluate the safety dose uptake level of marine biota as well as to monitor environmental health.

1. Adnan, N. H., Zakaria, M. P., Juahir, H., & Ali, M. M. (2012). Faecal sterols as sewage markers in the Langat River, Malaysia: Integration of biomarker and multivariate statistical approaches. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 24(9), 1600–1608.

2. Ong, M.C. and Kamaruzzaman, B.Y. 2009. An assessment of metals (Pb and Cu) contamination in bottom sediment from South China Sea Coastal Waters, Malaysia. American Journal of Applied Sciences, 6(7): 1418–1423.

Ms. Sabarina Md Yunus Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor Phone: +612 6675466 Fax: +60 355444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Radiochemistry/Analytical Chemistry 1999-2001 Dip in Science, UiTM, Malaysia. 2002-2004 BSc.(Hons) Applied Chemistry, UiTM, Malaysia 2005-2006 Chemical Sales Executive at Sterling Ascent Sdn Bhd 2007-2008 MSc. Analytical Chemistry and Instrumental Analysis, Universiti Malaya, Malaysia 2008-present On study leave for PhD at UiTM Malaysia




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Omar D.1, Salim, M. R.1,2, Salmiati1,2

1Faculty of Civil Engineering, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 2Institute of Environmental and Water Resource Management (IPASA), UTM, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia


Scarcities of fresh water have become an important issue in the world today. Reusing water is known as one

of the strategy to overcome this problem. Grey water has the potential to be reused, which have been investigated by several researchers. However, there is limited attention being focused onreusing grey water from wet market. However, grey water from wet market contains high nutrient and chemical oxygen demand (COD). This research studywas carried out onnutrient removal in grey water from wet market using sequencing batch reactor (SBR).The grey water sample was taken from PasarPeladang Wet Market inSkudai. About 1L of grey water were fed into the reactor with a total volume of 4L. Anoxic-aerobic phase ratio were divided 30%-70% of total time respectively. At the start of each cycle, mixing at 30 RPM was maintained until settling phase to get uniform condition. Influent and effluent were set for 30 minutes. The SBR was operated with 3 cycles/day, temperature 30°C, cycle time 8 hours and hydraulic retention time (HRT) 1.2 days. Aeration at 35 L/min was installed for ammonia conversion and nitrification purpose. The results show that the bacteria growing in alternating anoxic/aerobic systems could remove organic substrates and nutrient. The COD, Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus removal efficiencies were maximum at the levels of 94%, 88% and 70% respectively. Hence, anaerobic-aerobic-anoxic phase was suggested to increase the percentage of removal. Keywords: SBR system, nutrient removal, grey water reused



OB18 SSuurrffaaccee SSeeddiimmeenntt AAnnaallyyssiiss oonn HHeeaavvyy MMeettaall ffrroomm SSeelleecctteedd CCooaassttaall AArreeaa ooff SSeellaatt MMeellaakkaa,, MMaallaayyssiiaa

Noor Fazreen, D.*1, 2, Azhim, A. 2, 3, Musa, M. N.3, Nurhafizah, I. 1,

1Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Selangor, MALAYSIA

2Malaysia-Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA

3Ocean Thermal Energy Centre (OTEC), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA


The distribution, enrichment and accumulation of heavy metal were investigated on surface sediments

from coastal area of Melaka. Surface sediment samples were collected by using Ponar grab sampler for 10 sampling stations and characterized for heavy metals content (Cu, Ar, Pb, Zn, Cr and Cd), total organic carbon (TOC), total grease (TG) and total nitrogen (TN). The heavy metals concentration was determined by using Inductive Couple Plasma Mass Spectroscopy and the physical-chemical properties analysis were performed according to the Standard Method (APHA, 1995). With the purpose for determining the level of pollution, Sediment Quality Guideline (SGS) was applied. Statistical analysis using Pearson correlation showed positive correlation of all heavy metal concentrations with the physical -chemical properties of the sediments, which suggested the influence of anthropogenic activities. Keywords: Heavy metal; Sediment analysis; Marine pollution; Sediment Quality Guideline



OB19

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M. Mokhlesur Rahman1*, Fuad Miskon2 and Y. B. Kamaruzzaman2

1 Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), 2 Department of Biotechnologyy, Faculty of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM),

Kuantan, 25200 Pahang, Malaysia

Interspecies, inter-tissue and interspatial dissimilarities of trace metals in particular body parts of Saccostrea cucullata, Thais clavigera and Nerita chameleon from the east coast Johor of Peninsular Malaysia were investigated. Metals of interest includes Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Mn, Fe and Sr. Bivalve mollusc S. cucullata evidenced to be a worthy bioindicator for Zn and Cu while the two gastropod molluscs, T. clavigera for Cd and Se, and N. chameleon for Pb, Mn, Fe and Sr. The prominent concentration of metals originate in T. clavigera may be the outcome of biomagnification transfer from the S. cucullata on which they feed while for N. chameleon, it might be resulting from their herbivorous feeding behavior on algae on rocks which they graze. The metal accumulation patterns indicate consistent enrichment of essential metals in soft tissue. Values of operculum to tissue ratio and shell to tissue higher than unity in T. clavigera indicate that operculum had higher affinities for Pb, Mn and Se while shell had higher affinities for Fe, Co and Sr. In N. chameleon, values of OTR and STR higher than unity displayed that operculum and shell had similar higher affinities for Cd, Fe, Co and Sr. Significant interspatial variations (p<0.05 and p<0.01) in trace metals were noted. Sites with relatively high concentrations of the contaminant metals Hg, Cu, Pb and Zn are linked to their close proximity to industrial activities and municipal spots. The pollutant levels witnessed on the particular sites are still inferior to certain highly polluted sites globally. Assessment of metal concentration with maximum permissible limits of toxic metals in food shown the values were well within safety levels, except for Cu and Zn in S. cucullata.

1. Shazili, N.A.M.; Yunus, K.; Ahmad, A.S.; Abdullah, N.; Rashid, M.K.A. Aqua. Eco. Health & Management. 2006, 9, 137-145.

2. Yap, C. K.; Mohd Ruszadi, S.; Cheng, W.H. Research J. of Chem & Env. 2010, 14(3), 17-21. 3. Zhou, Q., Zhang, J., Fu, J., Shi, J. and Jiang, G. Anal. Chimica Acta, 2008, 606(2), 135-150.

Mr. Mokhlesur Rahman International Islamic University Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +6012 9559354 Fax: +60 95716775 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Chemistry, Nano-Materials, Extraction of

Bio-Active Compounds

1982-1987 B.Sc Hon. (Analytical Chemistry) Rajshahi University, Bangladesh 1998-2000 M.Sc ( Analytical Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 2000-2002 Ph.D (Anal. Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 2002-2004 Post Doct. Fellow, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2004-2006 Lecturer in University Terengganu Malaysia (UMT), Malaysia 2006-Present Associate Professor in International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Malaysia

Figure 1 From above; Saccostrea cucullata, Thais Clavigera and

Nerita chameleon



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Nurul Ain Syahirah Mohamad Sabri1,2*, Md. Pauzi Abdullah1, Sohif Mat2, Rahmah Elfitri3,

Abdul Aziz Jemain4

1 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology

2 Solar Energy Research Institute 3 Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI)

4 School of Mathematics, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Malaysia

This study investigated the seasonal variation of water quality in Tasik Cempaka. Multivariate namely

cluster analysis (CA) was used to assess spatial and temporal variations. Seven different sampling points were selected along the Air Itam River to representing the entire body of the lake water. Tasik Cempaka actually is the expanded part of the downstream of Air Itam River. The sampling was conducted for 13 months which begins in May (2013) and ended in May (2014). The physicochemical parameters were measured is temperature, pH, conductivity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solid, ammonia nitrogen, chemical oxygen demand, biochemical oxygen demand and phosphate. The mean values of the measured parameters were compared to Malaysian National Water Quality Standard (NWQS) based on Water Quality Index (WQI) which proposed by the Department of Environment (DOE). Using CA, the seven sampling points were grouped the 13 months into two periods (I and II) which is dry and wet day and classified the sampling sites in the group (I and II) based on similarities of water quality characteristic.

Ms. Nurul Ain Syahirah Binti Mohamad Sabri Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Phone: +6016 246 0393 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Enviromental Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry 2009-2012 BSc. (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2013-Present MSc.(Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia




OB21

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IK Shamsudin1, RM Salleh1, Z Helwani1,2, MR Othman1*

1 School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia 14300 Nibong Tebal, Penang, Malaysia

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Riau University Pekanbaru 28293, Indonesia

Methanol has profound importance in the modern living. Methanol is used as a feedstock for production of

important chemicals and is now increasingly used as a gasoline and in bio-diesel production. Methanol has been considered as a sustainable fuel source and is expected to be an alternate greener fuel for internal combustion engines in the future. Current method of methanol production requires natural gas as its feedstock, which is non-renewable and not sustainable. Once natural gas runs out, or its price soars, the production cost of methanol will be of great concern. Following this concern, the present research attempted to explore an alternative and novel route to methanol synthesis, using steam and CO2 to produce methanol. The catalyst used for this purpose was meso-porous hydrotalcite materials prepared from combustion techniques [1-4] that were found to offer promising results. We also reported the physical characteristics of the catalyst using scanning electron microscope, Fourier transform infrared and thermogravimetric analyzer.

1. Martunus; Othman, MR; Fernando, WJN. Micro Meso Mater. 2011, 138, 110 2. Othman, MR; Anuar, MR; Fernando, WJN. Advance Mater. Res. 2012, 545, 401. 3. Martunus; Helwani, H; Wiheeb, AD; Kim, J; Othman, MR. Int J Greenh Gas Con. 2012, 6, 179. 4. Martunus; Helwani, H; Wiheeb, AD; Kim, J; Othman, MR. Int J Greenh Gas Con 2012, 7 127.

Dr. Mohd Roslee Othman School of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Sains Malaysia Phone: +60123076738 Fax: +6045941013 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Porous-dense membrane material preparation & characterization 1990-1994 BSc (Petroleum Eng.), University of Missouri-Rolla, USA 1997-1998 MSc (Petroleum Eng.), University of Missouri-Rolla, USA 1999-2002 PhD (Chemical Eng.), Universiti Sains Malaysia 2002-present Lecturer, Universiti Sains Malaysia

Figure 1 SEM images of sodium promoted HT from combustion technique



Fig.1: Effect of temperature (T) on surface tension of binary mixture [BMIM][NTF2] + sulfolane.

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bbiiss((ttrriifflluuoorroommeetthhyyllssuullffoonnyyll))iimmiiddee aanndd SSuullffoollaannee BBiinnaarryy MMiixxttuurreess aatt TTeemmppeerraattuurree ffrroomm 229988..1155 KK ttoo 336633..1155 KK

Mohd Azlan Kassim1*, Nor Asrina Sairi1, Rozita Yusoff2

.1Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2 Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered as a primary greenhouse gasses emitted by industries such as natural gas

processing, coal gasification and petroleum refinery, which causes major environmental like global warming and climate change [1,2].One of the commercially available co2 absorption process often used in the industry is Sulfinol process, a mixture of alkanolamine and tetramethylene sulfone (TMS) which is also known as sulfolane [3]. Sulfolane has good thermal and hydrolytic stability and high density and boiling [4]. However, the application of sulfolane has some negative impact on the environment [5]. Therefore, the combination with other solvents would reduce the consumption of sulfolane, yet sustain the good advantage. Emergent of ionic liquid as alternative solvent in CO2 absorption application to overcome the drawback of using conventional aqueous alkanolamine solvent has been observed recently. This is due to ILs unique attributes such as low vapor pressure, non-flammable and tailorability [6,7]. Taking the fact of the high affinity of CO2 to the cation and performance and commercial availability in relatively high quantity with significantly lower cost into consideration, 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, [BMIM][NTF2] was selected for this study [8] as co-solvent with sulfolane.

In the present study, experiments have been conducted to measure the surface tension and refractive index of binary mixture (ionic liquid + sulfolane). The ionic liquid used is 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide. The surface carried out over the entire composition range with temperature ranging from 298.15 K to 343.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The surface tension was found to decrease with increasing temperature and ionic liquid concentration. Similarly, the refractive index of the mixtures decreases with increasing ionic-liquid concentration and increasing temperature. Linear equations were used to correlate the measured surface tension values and refractive index. From the experimental data, deviations values were calculated and fitted using Redlich-Kister equations.

1. B.-H. Lu, J.-J. Jin, L. Zhang, W. Li, International Journal of Greenhouse Gas Control 11 (2012) 152. 2. Ahmady, M.K. Aroua, M.A. Hashim, Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data 55 (2010) 5733. 3. Kazemi, M. Malayeri, A. G. Kharaji, A. Shariati, Journal of Natural Gas Science and Engineering 55

(2010) 5733. 4. Y.M. Xu, R.P. Schutte, L.G. Hepler, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 70 (1992) 569-573 5. B.J. Moore, J.V. Headley, R.R. Dupont, W.D. Doucette, J.E. Armstrong, Journal of Environmental

Science and Health, Part A, 37 (2002) 425-438. 6. G.R. Yu, S.J. Zhang, X.Q. Yao, J.M. Zhang, K. Dong, W.B. Dai, R. Mori, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 45

(2006) 2875-2880. 7. F. Karadas, M. Atilhan, S. Aparicio, Energy & Fuels, 24 (2010) 5817-5828. 8. E. Widowati, M.J. Lee, J. Chem. Thermodyn., 63 (2013) 95-101

Mr. Mohd Azlan Kassim Universiti of Malaya, Malaysia Phone: +06 0379675160 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Physical Chemistry 2003-2006 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia 2009-2012 M.Sc (Bioprocess Eng.) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia 2013-present PhD at Universiti of Malaya (UM), Malaysia



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Nur Hidayatul Nazirah Kamarudin1, Aishah Abdul Jalil1,2*, Sugeng Triwahyono3,4, Ainul Hakimah

Karim3, Nur Fatien Muhamad Salleh1

1Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

4Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.


Mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSN), which combine both

unique properties of nanomaterials and mesostructured substances, have arouse special attention in biomedical research field due to its great advantages in many aspects such as well biocompatible, unique properties of tunable pore size and structure, large surface areas and pore volumes, controllable morphology and modifiable surfaces1-2. The traditional synthesis method of mesoporous materials is the hydrothermal route, which uses a certain amount of surfactants, as well as acid or alkali to compose a mixed aqueous preparation. Although finely ordered mesoporous materials are obtained, the process is time and energy consuming3. It is known that microwave (MW) heating promotes nucleation and can reduce the synthesis time and particle size significantly in comparison with the conventional convection heating method3. For the synthesis of periodic mesoporous organosilica, it was reported that the synthesis time was reduced from 72 h to 36 h when the self-assembly process was performed under MW irradiation. The resulting materials also exhibited a high surface area, large pore volume and large pore diameters4.

Within this context, the microwave was utilized to synthesize the MSN under 100 W, 300 W and 450 W heating powers. Ammonia was chosen as the catalyst and ethylene glycol as the co-solvent because of their polarity, which is higher than that of NaOH and methanol or ethanol which are commonly used to synthesize mesoporous silica. All MSNs was tested for adsorption and release of an anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer drug, ibuprofen. The characterization revealed that the MSN prepared under 450 W (MSN450) produced the most crystallized and prominent mesoporous structure compared to lower power applied (Figure 1). MSN450 exhibited the highest ibuprofen adsorption, followed by MSN300 and MSN100, confirming that more crystallized MSN demonstrated higher adsorptivity toward ibuprofen. For the release study, MSN450 showed the slowest release rate of ibuprofen, followed by MSN300 and MSN100. All MSNs was found to exhibit good activity for the ibuprofen adsorption and release.

1. Zhai S.R.; He C.S.; Wu, D.; Sun Y.H., J. Non-Cryst. Solids 2007, 353, 1606. 2. Kamarudin N.H.N.; Jalil A.A.; Triwahyono S.; Salleh N.F.M.; Karim A.H.; Mukti R.R.; Hameed B.H.,

Ahmad A., Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2013, 180, 235. 3. Yoon S.-S.; Son W.-J.; Biswas K.; Ahn W.-S.; Bull. Korean Chem. Soc. 2008, 29, 609. 4. Grabicka B.E.; Jaroniec M., Microporous Mesoporous Mater. 2009, 119, 144.

Mrs. Nur Hidayatul Nazirah binti Kamarudin University Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60138084660 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Porous and nanomaterials, Adsorption, Catalysis 2006-2009 B. Sc. (Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2009-2011 M. Eng (Chemical Engineering) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2011-present PhD (Chemical Engineering) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Figure 1 Formation of MSN structure under microwave irradiation




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Shamellia Sharin1, Irman Abdul Rahman1*, Ainee Fatimah Ahmad1,Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd1, Faizal

Mohamed1, Shahidan Radiman1 and Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob1

1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


This research aims to test the ability of gamma radiation to induce the reduction of graphene oxide to graphene. Graphene oxide powders were dispersed into the mixture of alcohol and deionized water, and the mixture was then irridated. According to the characterization made by using Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), it can be said that almost every oxygen-containing functional groups has been removed after the irradiation of graphene oxide mixture. Reduction of graphene oxide can also be proven from the characterization using UV-Vis Spectroscopy in which the wavelength of graphene oxide at 230 nm is red- shifted to 274 nm after being irradiated. Morphology of graphene oxide also change from smooth and flat surface to crumpled. Ratio of carbon/oxygen of graphene oxide is lower from the carbon/oxygen of reduced graphene oxide. At the end of the experiment, it can be deduced that graphene oxide underwent reduction, characterised before and after irradiation using Emission Scanned Electron Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X-ray, Fourier Transformed Infrared Spectroscopy and UV-Vis Spectroscopy. Therefore, we postulate that the irradiation technique can be used to perform reduction process to reduce graphene oxide to reduced graphene oxide. Keywords: Graphene, graphene oxide, gamma radiation, FTIR, FESEM-EDX, UV-Vis



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Lestyo Wulandari, Yuni Retnaningtyas, Putri Kholisotun Nawa

Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy combined with chemometrics has been developed for simple analysis of lard in the mixtures with palm oil (PO). In this research, measurements were made on pure palm oil and that adulterated with varying concentrations of lard (0.5–80% v/v in palm oil). Two multivariate calibrations, Partial Least Square (PLS) and Principal Component Regression (PCR) were optimized for constructing the calibration models, either for normal spectra orits first and second derivatives. The discriminant analysis (DA) was used for classification analysis between palm oil and that adulterated with lard. According to result of this research, PLS has an ability to construct the calibration model better than PCR model. PLS model at normal spectra with frequencies at fingerprint region (1500-800 cm-1) revealed the best calibration models for predicting the concentration of adulterated lard samples, with highest coefficient of determination (R2) of 0,995 and lowest Root Mean Square Error of Calibration (RMSEC) of 1,82. In addition, validation of this model has a good result of R2 Leave One Out of Cross Validation (RMSEC) of 0,916 and R2 prediction of 0,996. DA was able to classify pure palm oil and adulterated with lard on the basis of their FTIR spectra with accuracy 100% and no misclassified group of samples. In this model, DA was performedat frequency regions of 1500-800 cm-1 using 6 principal components. According to this result of test set validation, a level of 2% of Limit detection can be detected in adulterated with PO. PLS and DA developed models was further used to predict the classes of unknown (commercial) oil in instant noodles samples. Using this model, all of local commercial instant noodle samples are in the class of pure palm oil without lard, but in the imported instant noodles samples there is one sample detected as a mixture with the lard with a concentration of 60,03 %. Keywords: FTIR, Lard, Palm oil, Chemometrics



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Nur Fatin Zakaria1*, Zaiton Abdul Majid1, Zainab Ramli1, Rusmidah Ali1, Azmi Aris2, Jafariah Jaafar1 and Juhaizah Talib2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia

2Department of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Malaysia

Studies on the removal of the frequently used herbicide for controlling broad-leafed weeds, Paraquat

Dichloride (PQ) has been carried out intensively. This study used waste from steel making industries and natural zeolite as its raw materials. The Electric Arc Furnace (EAF) slag contained of many valuable metal oxides such as zinc oxide, iron oxide and calcium oxide. Iron oxide (IO) consists 37 % (w/w) of slag, thus study focused on extracting this IO. The preparation of Natural Zeolite-Iron Oxide Composite (NZIC) involved two simple steps, namely extraction of IO from EAF slag and precipitation of IO onto clinoptilolite Iron oxide was studied for its magnetization using Vibrating Sample Mangnetometer (VSM). The NZIC shows low magnetic saturation at 8.13 emu/g compared to maghemite at 29.5 emu/g. The BET surface area of NZIC is 146.29 m2/g, larger compared to the individual surface area of clinoptilolite and maghemite which are 37.84 and 17.84 m2/g respectively. The pH at zero point charge (pHzpc) of NZIC showed that at pH 8 its electric surface charge is zero. The adsorption of PQ onto NZIC was investigated using a batch adsorption study. The optimum parameters for adsorption of 10 mg/L PQ in water were found at pH 12 and temperature of 303K with 0.01 g of NZIC and equilibrium time of 20 minutes.

Ms Nur Fatin Zakaria Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Phone: +60 12 689 2696 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Water and wastewater studies, waste studies 2007-2010 BSc. (Analytical Chemistry) UniversitiSains Malaysia (USM),

Malaysia 2012-present MSc. (Chemistry) UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia




OC22 EEvvaalluuaattiioonn ooff AAcceettaammiinnoopphheenn aass mmaarrkkeerr ooff ssuurrffaaccee wwaatteerr ccoonnttaammiinnaattiioonn bbyy wwaasstteewwaatteerr

Siti Norbayu Mohd. Subari1, Rozita Osman1, Mohamad Nazrin Abd Majid1, Ahmad Rizmal Rohani2,

Norashikin Saim1*

Faculty of Applied Science 1Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

2Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor


Pharmaceuticals are considered as emerging contaminant. In this study, acetaminophen, an anti-inflammatory drug was evaluated as potential marker compound for sewage contamination. Water samples from point sources and non-point sources were analysed using online solid phase extraction coupled to liquid chromatography-diode array detector. Relatively high concentrations (13.3-74.61 ng/mL) of acetaminophen were observed in water samples from UiTM treatment plant monitored from March to August 2014. Good correlation was obtained between the concentration of acetaminophen with the students’ population based on UiTM academic calendar. For surface water samples contaminated with wastewater, acetaminophen was detected in the range of 0.17-1.29 ng/mL. This study demonstrated that acetaminophen could be a potential marker for wastewater contamination. Keywords: acetaminophen, wastewater contamination, marker, online solid phase extraction coupled, liquid chromatography Ms. Siti Norbayu Mohd. Subari Universiti Teknologi MARA Phone: 0132261511 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Separation chemistry 2008-2011 B Sc. (Hons.) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis), UiTM 2011-2012 M Sc. Chemistry (Chemical Instrumentation), UiTM 2013-present PhD, UiTM (on going)




OOCC33 SSyynntthheessiiss ooff TThhiiooppeennee bbaasseedd CChhaallccoonnee uunnddeerr BBaassee CCaattaallyyzzeedd CCllaaiisseenn

SScchhmmiiddtt CCoonnddeennssaattiioonn aanndd tthheeiirr AAnnttiibbaacctteerriiaall AAccttiivviittyy

Noor Aisyah Ahmad1*, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis1


Chalcone or 1, 3-diaryl-2-propen-1-one is an organic compound consists of 2 aromatic rings joined by 3

carbon unit forming α,β-unsaturated ketone1. This conjugated ketones are mainly discover in wide variety of sources including fruits, vegetables, spices, tea, soy and other edible plants1,2. Chalcones are biosynthetic products that used as an important precursor to open chain flavanoids and isoflavanoids2,3. In this study, thiopene based chalcones are synthesized using 5-bromo-2-thiopenecarboxaldehyde and various aromatic substituted ketones such as acetophenone, 4-fluoroacetophenone, 4-chloroacetophenone, 4-bromoacetophenone, 4-iodoacetophenone and 2-acetylpyrazine under base catalyzed Claisen-Schmidt condensation4. 10% of NaOH are used and the products obtained are of favourable yields. Claisen-Scmidt condensation or crossed aldol condensation is a common reaction mechanism that is used for carbon-carbon bond formation resulting in α,β-unsaturated ketone5 .All of the synthesized thiopene based chalcones are screened for their antibacterial activity using agar well diffusion method against gram positive bacterias of Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus and gram negative bacterias of Escheria coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The synthesized heteroaryl chalcones are characterized by proton (1H) and carbon (13C) Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), DEPT, Fourier transform infrared radiation (FT-IR) and Mass spectrometry (MS). Keywords: thiopene based chalcone, base catalyzed Claisen Schmidt condensation, antibacterial activity

1. Alana, D. V.; Vinicius, F. C.; Fernanda, N.; Fabiana, K. S.; Odir, A. D.; Kevin, R. S.; Claudio, M. P. D. P.; Franciali, M.S.; Tiago, C. and Aletha, G. B. Cell Biochem Funct. 2012, 289-297.

2. Vitus, A. A.; Thomas, B.; Charmaine, T.; Sebastian, S.; Bernadette, E.; Roberta, M. T.; Michael, L.C.; Pamela, M. L. R.; Nichole, L. P.; Albert, E. R. J Hematol Oncol. 2012, 7-12.

3. Narendar, T.; Venkateswarlu, K.; Vishnu, N. B. and Sarkar, S. Tetrahedron Lett. 2011, 5794-5798. 4. Seranthimata, S.; Badiadka, N.; Balladka, K. S.; Hemmige, S. Y. and Ramappa, R. Der Pharma Chemica.

2012, 1445-1457. 5. Smith, G. J. (2006). Organic Chemistry. 1st ed. 875.

Ms. Noor Aisyah Binti Ahmad Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Phone: 013 4414523 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Chemistry and Tissue Engineering 2008-2009 Matriculation college, Changlun, Kedah 2009-2012 BSc of Science (Chemistry), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2012-present MSc of Organic Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)




OOCC44 MMiixxeedd LLiiggaanndd TTrraannssiittiioonn MMeettaall CCoommpplleexxeess CCoonnttaaiinniinngg IImmiiddaazzoollee

DDeerriivvaattiivveess aanndd aann OOxxyyggeenn--NNiittrrooggeenn--SSuullpphhuurr SScchhiiffff bbaassee

Junita Jamsari1, Thahira B.S.A. Ravoof1*, M. Ibrahim M. Tahir1 and K. A Crouse1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science

Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, MALAYSIA.

Two tridentate Schiff bases derived from 4-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazide (MT24D) and 4-phenyl-3-

thiosemicarbazide (PT24D) were synthesized using 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde through a condensation reaction. Four new mixed ligand copper(II) and nickel(II) complexes were synthesized by the reaction of Schiff base with transition metal acetate and imidazole or benzimidazole. The complexes formed were expected to have a general formula of [M(ONS)L] (M = Ni2+ or Cu2+) where ONS is the 2,4-dihydroxybenzaldehyde Schiff base of MT24D or PT24D and L is either imidazole or benzimidazole. All compounds synthesized have been characterized by several physico-chemical and spectroscopic techniques. The mass spectrometry data indicated that both Schiff bases are pure as the molecular ion peak matched the expected molecular weight of the compound. The Schiff bases behave as a tridentate ONS donor ligands coordinating via the phenoxide-oxygen, azomethine-nitrogen, and thiolate-sulphur atoms as evidenced by shift of wavenumbers of certain key functional groups in the IR spectra. SXRD data confirmed that the nickel ion in the Ni(MT24D)bz complex was in a square planar environment. All compounds were screened against cancer cell lines MDA-MB-231 (Human breast cancer cells with negative estrogen receptor) and MCF-7 (Human breast cancer cells with negative estrogen receptor) and some showed promising bioactivities. The DNA binding studies on the Schiff bases and their complexes is currently under process.

Keywords: Schiff base; metal complex; crystal structure; cytotoxic activity; DNA binding.

1. M. Akhbar Ali.; M.T.H Tarafder, 1977, 39, 1785. 2. M.T.H Tarafder.; Teng-Jin Khoo.; Karen A Crouse.; A.M Ali.; B.M Yamin.; H.-K Fun, 2002, 21, 2691. 3. M.T.H Tarafder.; Kar-Beng Chew.; Karen A Crouse.; A.M Ali.; B.M Yamin.; H.-K Fun, 2002, 21, 2683.

Ms. Junita Binti Jamsari Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: 013-9136985 Email: [email protected] Research interest: Inorganic chemistry 2008-2009 Pahang Matriculation College, Malaysia 2009-2013 B.(Hons)-Chemistry,Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2013-present Local Msc, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia



OOCC55 SSyynntthheessiiss,, CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn aanndd SSttrruuccttuurraall DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff NN--BBeennzzooyyll--

NN''--((11,,1100--pphheennaanntthhrroolliinn--55--yyll))--TThhiioouurreeaa DDeerriivvaattiivveess

Siew San, Tan1 and Mohammad B. Kassim1,2*

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Fuel Cell Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


A series of N-Benzoyl-N'-(1,10-phenanthrolin-5-yl)-thiourea derivatives were successfully synthesized via the reaction between 1,10-phenanthroline with p-bromo benzoyl isothiocyanate, o-bromo benzoyl isothiocyanate and m-bromo benzoyl isothiocyanate to give o-BrBT(Phen), p-BrBT(Phen) and m-BrBT(Phen), respectively. The ligands were characterized by mass spectrometry and spectroscopic techniques namely infrared, UV-vis and nuclear magnetic resonance. The mass spectrum showed the present of parent molecular ion [BrBT(Phen)-Na]+ at m/z= 458.9 (460.9 calc.) and [BrBT]+ fragment at m/z= 258.9 (260.0 calc.). The infrared spectra of the ligands showed the characteristics stretching frequencies for N-H at 3521-3599 cm-1, C-Naromatic at 1354-1298 cm-1, C=O at 1675-1743 cm-1 and C=S at 1284-1293 cm-1. The ligands showed two π→π* absorption bands at 229-230 and 266-268 nm which were assigned to the benzoyl and phenanthroline moieties, respectively. In the 1H NMR spectra, the chemical shift for N-H proton appeared at δ= 11.53-12.49 ppm. The signals for protons on the phenyl ring were observed in the downfield region (δ= 7.46-9.15 ppm). In the 13C NMR spectra, the signals in the downfield region were attributed to the CS and CO groups. The 13C signals of the C=S group were observed at 182.04, 182.04, 182.39 ppm for the o-BrBT(Phen), p-BrBT(Phen) and m-BrBT(Phen), respectively. Similarly, the signals in for CO were detected in the region of 167.39-169.08 ppm. The structures of the ligands were confirmed by single crystal X-ray crystallography. All molecules adopted the same crystal system namely triclinic system with a P(-1) space group. Keywords: Benzoylthiourea; 1,10-phenanthroline; X-ray crystallography; thiocyanate; infrared

Ms. Tan Siew San National University of Malaysia Phone: 013-212 8850 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2006-2009 Bachelor of Science Chemistry, UKM 2009-2012 Master of Science Chemistry (Inorganic), UKM 2012-2014 Chemistry teacher, PERMATA pintar National Gifted Center 2014-present PhD of Science Chemistry (Inorganic), UKM




OOCC66 SSyynntthheessiiss ooff BBeennzzooyylltthhiioouurreeaa DDeerriivvaattiivveess aass CCoorrrroossiioonn IInnhhiibbiittoorriinn

SSuullpphhuurriicc AAcciidd SSoolluuttiioonn

Karimah Kassim1,3, Noor Khadijah Mustafa Kamal1*, Adibatul Husna Fadzil2

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perak),Kampus Tapah, 35400 Tapah Road, Tapah, Perak, Malaysia

3Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam Selangor, Malaysia

The inhibition effect of newly synthesized thiourea derivatives, namely: N-benzoyl-N’-phenylthiourea (P1), N-(2-methylphenyl)-N’-benzoylthiourea (P2) and N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-N’-benzoylthiourea have been investigated as corrosion inhibitors at various concentration for mild steel in 1.0 M sulphuric acid solution using weight loss measurement and linear polarization resistance (LPR) technique. All 3 compounds were able to reduce the corrosion rate and as the concentration of the inhibitors increased, the inhibition efficiency also increased. The highest inhibition efficiency was achieved by compound P3 which is about 85 %. Both weight loss measurement and LPR technique were in good agreement. The order of the effectiveness of the compounds as corrosion inhibitors are P3>P2>P1. The inhibition efficiency was affected by the presence of methyl and methoxy substituents. Prior to the anti-corrosion study, these compounds were characterized using elemental analyser, FTIR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The important FTIR absorption bands in thiourea compound such as ν(N-H), ν(C=O), ν(C-N) and ν(C=S) were observed around 3200 cm-1, 1670 cm-1, 1250 cm-1 and 700 cm-1. Meanwhile, the 1H chemical shifts for CONH and CSNH had been observed around 11 ppm and 12 ppm respectively. For the 13C resonance, the signal of C=O and C=S had been found at 180 ppm and 200 ppm.

Ms. Noor Khadijah Mustafa Kamal Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +6012- 4475028 Fax: E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Chemistry, Forensic Chemistry 2009-2012 BSc. (Hons) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis) Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia 2013-present MSc (Applied Chemistry)



OOCC77 FFoorreennssiicc IImmpplliiccaattiioonnss ooff BBiioocchheemmiiccaall DDiiffffeerreenncceess aammoonngg FFoouurr

GGeeooggrraapphhiicc PPooppuullaattiioonnss ooff CChhrryyssoommyyaa mmeeggaacchheeppaallaa ((FFaabbrriicciiuuss)) iinn SSaarraawwaakk

Rizoh Bin Bosorang 1*, Zaini Bin Assim2, Sulaiman Hanapi1, Fatimah Abang1

1Department of Zoology, 2Department of Chemistry

Faculty of Resource Science and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak 94300 Kota Samarahan, Sarawak, Malaysia

The outer surface of all insects is covered with a

layer of species specific cuticular lipids that serve primarily to limit water loss1-2. Hydrocarbon compounds found in large proportion of cuticular wax are phenotypes products of insects3. Blowflies, particularly Chrysomya megachepala, is important species used in estimating Post mortem Interval (PMI) and as indicator of corpse relocation in that they are generally the first to discover and oviposit on carcasses outdoors4. While cuticular hydrocarbon composition of insects are known to be species-specificity and show distinct variability among closely related species, the occurrence of variation in cuticular hydrocarbon composition from different geographic populations offer a new prospect of chemotaxonomic application in forensic field.

Cuticular hydrocarbons composition of C. megachepala collected from Limbang, Miri, Bintulu and Sibu were extracted using n-alkanes. A total of 40 samples of adult C. megachepala, were analyzed by using high performance gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). It was found that hydrocarbons made up over 95% of the peak areas detected in the GC-MS chromatograms with chain lengths from C18 to C38. The proportions of n-alkanes in four localities are significantly different, except for several n-alkanes. Examination on the compounds contributing to the differentiation according to localities showed that several odd-numbered carbons are important in discriminating four different localities. Discriminant Function Analysis (DFA) has been successfully classified all samples into its respective group. It can be suggested that the differences in micro-environment within geographic populations may influenced the composition and proportion of insect cuticular hydrocarbons. This study concludes that the hydrocarbon profiles of C. megachepala were retained, but several n-alkanes show specific to its respective localities. The finding also revealed the potential of cuticular hydrocarbons profile to discriminate sub-populations of blowfly species and thus offer an alternative approach in tracking the relocation of carcasses, particularly in the field of forensic entomology.

1. Lockey, K.H. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 1988, 89B, 595-645. 2. Howard, R.W. Lipids: Chemistry, Biochemistry & Biology. 1993, 179-226. 3. Page, M.; Nelson, L.J.; Forschler, B.T.; Harvety, M.I. Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 2002, 131B, 305-324. 4. Byrd, J.H.; Castner, J.L. Forensic Entomology. 2001, 418.

Mr. Rizoh Bin Bosorang Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia Phone: +6016 880 7952 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biochemical systematics, Entomology 2004-2007 B.Sc. (Hon) Zoology, Universiti Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia 2008-2010 M.Sc. Entomology, Univeristi Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia 2011-present PhD student at Univeristi Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia

Figure 1: DFA displaying the relative position of 15 samples from four different localities of C. megachepala. The analysis using maximum 24 n-alkanes detected in each sample.



OOCC88 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff JJaattrroopphhaa ((JJaattrroopphhaa ccuurrccaass LL..)) OOiill--

BBaasseedd PPoollyyuurreetthhaannee ffoorr PPoollyymmeerr EElleeccttrroollyytteess AApppplliiccaattiioonn

Siti Rosnah Mustapa1, Min Min Aung1,2, Azizan Ahmad3, Mansor Ahmad1, Mahnaz Abdi2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Malaysia

2Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

3Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Jatropha-oil based polyurethane is one of the initiative for replacing conventional petroleum based

polyurethane. This vegetable –oil based polyurethane is more cost-effective and synthesis from renewable resources. Polyurethane was synthesized through prepolymerization method between jatrophaoil based polyol and 2,4’-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in inert condition. Initially, jatropha - oil based polyol was prepared by epoxidation and hydroxylation method with 5.0-5.3 oxygen oxiren content value (OOC) and hydroxyl value of 200-220 gmol-1 mg KOH/g. The infrared analysis showed that the broad absorbance of hydroxyl (OH) group at 3450 cm-1 for polyol has been shifted to 3325 cm-1 for polyurethane indicated that hydroxyl groups were converted to amine (NH) groups. The absence of NCO group in the range of 2200 cm-1 indicates that the isocyanate was fully reacted with polyol in polyurethane sample. For further work, this bio- based polyurethane is then will be useful for the application of bio-polymer electrolytes with the addition of Li ions. The bio-based electrolytes are expected to have high ionic conductivity at room temperature at least 10x5

Scm-1.Thermal studies of the also will be conducted via differential scanning calorimetry analysis (DSC) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) in order to prove the occurrence of the polymer-salt complexation.

1. Khalil, H. P. S. A., Aprilia, N. A. S., Bhat, A. H., Jawaid, M., Paridah, M. T., & Rudi, D.A(2013).

Jatropha biomass as renewable materials for biocomposites and its applications. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 22,667–685.

2. Su, M. S., Ahmad, A., Badri, K. H., Mohamed, N. S., Rahman, M. Y. A., Ricardo, C. L. A., & Scardi, P. (2014).The potential of polyurethane bio-based solid polymer electrolyte for photoelectrochemical cell application. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 39(6), 3005–3017.

3. Sugita, P., Alim, Z., Poliuretan, A., Minyak, B., Pagar, J., & Baru-baru, P. (2012).Synthesis and Application of Jatropha Oil based Polyurethane as Paint Coating Material, 2,134–140.

4. Syafiq, A., Hazmi, A., Min, M., & Chuah, L. (2013).Producing Jatropha oil-based polyol via epoxidation and ring opening. Industrial Crops & Products, 505,63–567.

Ms. SITI ROSNAH BINTI MUSTAPA University Putra of Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: 0147314766 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry 2008-2011 B.Sciences (Hons.)- Industrial chemistry, UPM 2013-present Master Science-Polymer Chemistry, UPM



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SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn

Zetty Azalea Sutirman1, Ahmedy Abu Naim1, Mohd Marsin Sanagi2, Khairil Juhanni Abd. Karim1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science & IbnuSina Institute for Fundamental Science

StudiesUniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

In this study, graft copolymerization of itaconic acid onto chitosan has been prepared using ammonium persulfate (APS) as initiator. The reaction was carried out in aqueous medium. The grafted copolymers were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Several parameters including amounts of chitosan, itaconic acid monomer and APS, reaction time and temperature reaction were studied to obtain the highest grafting yield (G%). The optimum conditions were 1 g of chitosan, 3 g of itaconic acid, 0.8 g of APS, 60°C reaction temperature and reaction time 4h. Results suggested that the material prepared was potentially useful for dyes removal.

Ms. Zetty Azalea Sutirman PhD Candidate UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia Phone: +61 2 7195275 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Organic Chemistry 2010-2013 B.Sc (Chemistry) UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia



OOCC1100 EElleeccttrroocchheemmiiccaall RReeaaccttiioonn ooff NN11NN22--ddii((22--ppyyrriiddyyllmmeetthhyyll))--eetthhyylleenneeddiiaammiinnee

wwiitthh CCooppppeerr

Noor Afzalina Baharuddin1, Mohamed Rozali Othman1

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

The design of complex molecular based on transition metal atoms and organic ligands is an important goal for synthethic chemistry. A reaction of N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine with copper, has been synthesised by electrochemical dissolution of a sacrificial copper anode in a solution of N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine, and phosphate buffer as a supporting electrolyte in acetonitrile (AcN). The complex formed was later characterized by single-crystals X-ray to determine its structure. The crystal structure of the complex shows that it consists of Cu(II) atoms chelated by N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine. The results show that direct electrosynthesis of the complex with potentiostatic dissolution of copper anode in a solution of N1N2-di(2-pyridylmethyl)-ethylenediamine in acetonitrile had high current efficiency, purity and good yield. Ms. Noor Afzalina Baharuddin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Phone: +60172684702 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Electrochemistry 2009-2012 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia



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MMaaccrrooccyycclliicc LLiiggaannddss aanndd TThheeiirr TTrraannssiittiioonn MMeettaall CCoommpplleexxeess

C.K. Chah1, T.B.S.A. Ravoof1*, M.I.M. Tahir1, K.A. Crouse1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia

Ligands and metal complexes that consist of nitrogen, sulphur and oxygen as donor atoms are an important class of compounds that use in the pharmaceutical and medicinal field. A series of novel macrocyclic NNSS Schiff base and their metal complexes derived from terephthadithiocarbazate (TDTC) were synthesized using glyoxal via condensation. The metal complexes formed are expected to have a general formula of M2L where M = Ru2+, Mo2+, Cd2+, Zn2+, and Cu2+. These compounds were characterized by various spectroscopic techniques, elemental analysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility, and single Crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis. From the results, the metal complexes are expected to have a square planar structure where the azomethine nitrogen atom and the thiolate sulphur atom from the ligand are bonded to the metal ion. Metal complexes have a higher melting point compared with the Schiff bases. In the IR spectra of the metal complexes, presence of the C=N band in the region 1600 cm-1 indicate the formation of Schiff base. The magnetic susceptibility measurements and single Crystal X-ray crystallographic analysis support the desired geometry of the complexes. Various applications such as cytotoxicity, DNA binding, biosensor, and catalysis will further identified.

1. Kanne Shanker, R. Rohini, V. Ravinder,Spec. Acta Part A,2009,205-211. 2. Ali Akbar Khandar, R. J. Butcher, M. Abedi,Poly.,2010,3178-3182. 3. L. Leelavathy, S. Anbu, M. Kandaswamy, Poly., 2009, 903-91

Mr. Chah Chee Keong Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: 016-2815591 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2009-2013 B.Sc (Petroleum Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2013-present PhD at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia



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RReedd 22 DDyyee iinn AAqquueeoouuss SSoolluuttiioonn

Salasiah Endud1,2*, Nur Izzatie Hannah Razman1, Zainab Ramli1,2, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang1,2,3, Mahsa Khoshkhooy Yazdi1, Izan Izwan Misnon4

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2Novel Material Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


4Nanostructured Renewable Energy Materials Laboratory, Faculty of Industrial Sciences & Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, 26300 Kuantan, Pahang

A graphitic mesoporous carbon-based material (GMC) was prepared by a nano-casting process. SBA-15 was

used as a hard template and sucrose as a carbon precursor in this procedure. To generate surface functionalities, GMC was treated with nitric acid. The acid-treated GMC material was then used as an adsorbent for Basic Red 2 dye (BR2) in aqueous solutions. The morphology, pore structure and surface functional groups of GMC samples were analyzed by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller method (BET), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Boehm titration. Nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis revealed a type IV isotherm characteristic of mesoporous materials with BET surface area of approximately 1000 m2g-1 and pore volume of 0.9 cm3g-1. The effects of different adsorption parameters such as initial dye solution pH, initial dye solution concentration and temperature on BR2 uptake were investigated. Surface area of BET and pore volume were decreased after the treatment but the adsorption capacity of BR2 increased to its optimum value in initial dye solution concentration of 200 mgL-1 and pH of 10 at 60 °C.

Scheme 1 The molecular structure of Basic Red 2.

Ms. Nur Izzatie Hannah Razman Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +601 37025637 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2007-2010 B.Sc. (Chemistry), UTM, Malaysia 2010-present PhD candidate, UTM, Malaysia

N

N CH3H3C

H2N NH2

Cl



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Siti Aminah Jusoh1, Siti Kamilah Che Soh*1, Mohd Sukeri Mohd Yusof2

1School of Marine Science & Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu,

Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Fundamentl Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

New reusable transition-metal catalyst comprising a polymer-supported palladium(II) complex was

successfully prepared by synthesising of chlorometylated polystyrene with phenyldithiocarbazate and was then treated with bis(benzonitrile)palladium(II) chloride (Scheme 1). The physicochemical properties of this supported catalyst was well spectroscopilly characterised using CHNS elemental analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric (TG), BET Surface Area, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission (ICP-OES) spectroscopy and Scanning Electron Micrroscopy connected to an energy dispersive spectrophotometer (SEM-EDX). A preliminary catalytic study revealed that supported palladium(II) complex was found to promote the Mizoroki Heck reaction of 4-bromoacetophenone and methyl acrylate in the presence of base, sodium acetate, and DMA as solvent with a good percentage yield.

Scheme 1 Synthesis of polymer-supported palladium(II) complex

1. Bakherad, M.; Keivanloo, A.; Samangooei, S. Tetrahedron Letters 2012, 53, 5773. 2. Bakherad, M.; Keivanloo, A.; Samangooei, S.; Omidian, M. J. of Oraganometallic Chem. 2013, 740,

78. 3. Coskun, S.; Tasci, M.; Ulusoy, M.; Yurdakoc, M. J. of Chem. 2014, 1. 4. Islam, S.M.; Mondal, P. ; Roy, A.S.; Tuhina, K. Transition Met. Chem. 2010, 35, 427

Ms. Siti Aminah Jusoh University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +6013 4793453 Fax: +609 6683193 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry, Catalytic Application 2010-2013 B.Sc (Chemistry) University Malaysia Terengganu,Malaysia 2013-present M.Sc (Chemistry) University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia



OOCC1144 SSyynntthheessiiss,, SSttrruuccttuurree aanndd CChheemmiiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff SSmm((IIIIII)) aanndd NNdd((IIIIII))

IIssaattiinn 22--MMeetthhyyll--33--TThhiioosseemmiiccaarrbbaazzoonnee CCoommpplleexxeess

Nur Nadia Dzulkifli and Yang Farina Abdul Aziz

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology,

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi Selangor

Metal complexes of thiosemicarbazone have been the subject of much interest in recent years1,2. This is owing to their biological activity3. Rare earth metal complexes have inspired many efforts on the design and synthesis as potential anticancer and antibacterial agents because of their special electronic configuration4. Rare earth complexes can exhibit coordination numbers from 4 up to 12. Based on capability of rare earth metal to form a multitude of geometries and stereochemistries, metal or ligands can be varied in an easily controlled way to facilitate individual applications and the study of rare earth complexes with organic ligands has received considerable attention5. Two lanthanide complexes of Ln(Is2MeTSC)3.xH2O [Ln=Nd(III) and Sm(III), Is2MeTSC= isatin 2-methyl-3-thiosemicarbazone] have been synthesized by condensation method (Fig 1). The compounds were structurally characterized by elemental analysis CHNS, FT-IR and thermo-gravimetric analysis. The elemental analyses for the compounds were in a good agreement with the theoretical values. The melting point of the complexes are higher than the ligands as expected. The X-ray crystallographic structures for the Is2MTSC showed that in the solid state the compound exists in the thione form where the C=S bond length is shorter than a single bond C-S which is 1.82 Å. The Is2MTSC adopts an orthorhombic system, a = 14.3434(9), b = 8.4242(5), c = 17.8518(11) Å and Z = 8. The FT-IR spectral data imply a bi-dentate bonding of the Is2MeTSC to the Nd(III) and Sm(III) ions through carbonyl oxygen and thiocarbonyl (C=S).

1. Karki S.S, Thota S, Darj S. Y, Balzarini J, De Clercq E, Bioorg. Med.l Chem 2007,15, 21. 2. Mendes C, Botion L. M, Ferreira A. V. M, Castellano E. E, Beraldo H, Inorg. Chim. Acta 2009, 362, 2. 3. Stariat J, Kovaříková P, Klimeš J, Lovejoy D.B , Kalinowski D. S, Richardson D. R, J. Chromatog. B

2009, 877, 3. 4. Xu D. F, Ma S. Z, He Q. Z, Du G. Y. J. Rare Earths 2008, 26, 643. 5. El-Asmy A. A, Al-Hazmi G. A. A, Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Mole. Biomole. Spectro 2009,71,5.

N

O

N

N

S

NH2

N

O

NN

S

H2N

N

ON

N

S

NH2

Nd

N

O

N

NS

NH2

NO

NN

S

H2N

Sm

Cl

Fig 1 Molecular structure of the ligand and the complexes

Ms Nur Nadia Binti Dzulkifli Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 Bangi Selangor Phone: 017-6352971 2006-2009 Bachelor of Science (Chemistry), UKM 2009-2012 Master of Science (Inorganic Chemistry), UKM 2013-present Doctor of Philosophy of Science (Inorganic Chemistry), UKM



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66 MMaattrriixx

Noorulsyahidaini Golbaha1, Salasiah Endud1,2*, Zainab Ramli1,2, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang1,2,3

1 Deparment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2 Novel Materials Research Group, Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor , Malaysia

3 Ibnu Sina Institute of Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

The current demands of the world’s biotechnological industries are enhancement of enzyme productivity

and development of novel techniques for increasing their shelf life to facilitate large scale and economic formulation. Immobilization of lipase by adsorption onto solids surfaces such as polymers1, silica2 and clay3 led to improved performance of the enzyme. This paper reported on lipase from candida rugosa immobilized in nanosilica KIT-6, in which the unique properties of KIT-6 including high surface areas, modifiable surface, and tunable pore sizes were utilized to improve the enzyme activity in hydrolysis of olive oil. The immobilization of lipase in the KIT-6 matrix was found to generate synergistic effects that enhanced enzyme stability, improved product selectivity, and facilitated separation and enzyme reuse. Lipase immobilization onto KIT-6 was optimized by varying synthesis parameters such as temperature (4-60 °C), pH (4-9 pH) and solid-liquid ratio of the enzyme solutions (0.03-0.5). The optimal immobilization conditions were pH 7.0 at 37°C and solid to liquid ratio 0.2 (v/v). Based on the enzyme activity, the immobilized lipase in nanosilica KIT-6 displayed higher operational stability than free lipase, including wider thermal and pH ranges.

1. Gupta, S.; Bhattacharya, A.; Murthy, C.N. Biocatal. and Agrl. Biotech, 2013, 2 ,171-190. 2. Jacoby, J.; Pasc, A.; Carteret, C.; Dupire, F.; Stébé, M.J.; Coupard, V.; Blin, J.L. P. Biochem., 2013, 48,

831-837. 3. Dong, H.; Li, J.; Li, Y.; Hu, L.; Luo, D. Chem. Eng. J., 2012, 181-182, 590-596.

Mrs. Noorulsyahidaini Binti Golbaha Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60 137556055 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2007-2010 B.Science (Industrial Chemistry) UTM , Malaysia 2011-present PhD Science (Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia



oc16 BBiioollooggiiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff CCuuccuummbbeerr ((CCuuccuummiissssaattiivvuuss LL..)) EExxttrraaccttss

Fiona N.-F. How1,2*, Aqeelah Mohammad1, Solachuddin Jauhari Arief Ichwan2

1Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia

2Kulliyyah of Dentistry, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Malaysia

Peel and pulp of Cucumissativus L. fruit were extracted from aqueous and phosphate buffered solution

(PBS) at incubated temperature of 37C similar to normal human physiological temperature to determine the phytochemical constituents of the various extracts. The extracts were evaluated for their biological properties, i.e. antibacterial susceptibility assay against six pathogenic bacteria of gram positive and negative and cytotoxic assay against Human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H1299) and Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7). Result showed that all the various extracts contained various phytochemicals. It was found that C. sativus phosphate buffer solution (PBS) extracts exhibited more significant antibacterial activity against gram positive, S. aureus and gram negative, K. pneumoniaand cytotoxic activity against two distinctive cancer cell lines, the p53 deficient human non-small cell lung carcinoma cell line (H1299) and the estrogen dependent Human breast adenocarcinoma cell line (MCF-7) compared to the aqueous extracts. The biological properties exhibited by the extracts were further supported by the presence of the phytochemicals such as flavonoids and saponins.

Dr. Fiona How International Islamic University Malaysia Phone: +609 5716400 extn 5119 Fax: +609 5716781 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic chemistry, Natural product 2000-2003 B.Sc.(Chemical Industry) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2004-2008 Ph.D (Synthesis) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2009-present Lecturer at International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM),

Malaysia



OOcc1177 HHeetteerrooggeenneeoouuss CCaattaallyysstt SSccrreeeenniinngg ffoorr BBiiooddiieesseell PPrroodduuccttiioonn ffrroomm MMoorriinnggaa OOiill

Nor Badariah Talib1, Sugeng Triwahyono1,2*, Aishah Abdul Jalil3, Khalidah Puad1, Muataz Syakir

Khayoon2 , Abdelaziz Emad Atabani4

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,UTM Skudai Johor, Malaysia 2 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, UTM Skudai Johor, Malaysia

3 Department of Chemical Engineering Faculty of Chemical Engineering, UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia 4 Erciyes University, Kayseri, Turkey

The production of biodiesel as an alternative to fossil fuels has gained world interest nowadays due to global

energy crisis and environmental awareness. Biodiesel is the preferred choice because it is environmental friendly as it decreases the possibility of acid rain and greenhouse effect by reducing the emission amount of COx, SOx and hydrocarbons that are incompletely burned during fuel combustion compared to diesel1. The strict regulations made by the environmental protection agency (EPA) to reduce the noxious emissions and the governmental legislations have motivated the biodiesel industry to formulate the new makeup diesel/biodiesel blends (B10 and B20)2. According to research by US Geological Oil and Gas Journal (1995-2000), Malaysia petroleum resources only can last for less than 50 more years3. Despite new oil reservoir discoveries in areas such as the Gulf of Mexico and the Tupi and Guara fields off South-East Brazil, Sudan, the Caspian Sea, Sakhalin, and in the Artic4, fossil fuels is no longer reliable as it is expensive and depleting sources.

Biodiesel sources are renewable as it can be produced from vegetable oil, tallow, lard and waste cooking oil5. Vegetable oil can be categorized into two, edible and non-edible. Numerous research of biodiesel has been made using edible feedstock like palm, soybean, and sunflower oils. However, considering that edible vegetable oils are expensive, researchers has prompted to establish a cheap feedstock for biodiesel from non-edible crops. This study reports a catalyst screening process for biodiesel production from Moringa oil via transesterification process using various heterogeneous catalysts with methanol. The reaction condition is fixed throughout the process which are 3wt.% catalyst loading, 9:1 methanol to oil ratio, reaction temperature of 60oC and 60 min reaction duration to determine the best catalyst for the biodiesel conversion from Moringa oil.

1. Helwani, Z.;Bakar, M.Z.A.;et. al. Energy Conv. Management 2013, 73, 128-134. 2. National Vehicle and Fuel Emission Laboratory. CCD-05-12. Michigan : US Environmental Protection

Agency 2005. 3. Syah, A. N.A.; A.Aziz, M. F.; Sidek, C. M. Synergy Media 2009 4. Gerhard, K.;Jurgen, K. AOC Press 2010, 2nd Ed. 5. Schumacher, L.G.; Gerpen, J.V.; Adams, A. Encyclopedia of Energy. 2004, 1, 151-152.

Nor Badariah Talib Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6011 28710110 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Physical Chemistry 2006-2009 B.Sc (Chemistry) UTM Skudai, Malaysia 2009-2012 Chemist at Colour Top Sdn Bhd (Polymer) , Malaysia 2012-2014 Chemist at Innovative Chemicals and Lubricants, Malaysia Present M.Sc (Chemistry) UTM Skudai, Malaysia



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TTeemmppllaattee MMeetthhoodd

Salasiah Endud*1,3, Norsahika Mohd Basir3, Zainab Ramli1,3, Hendrik Oktendy Lintang1,2,3

1Novel Materials Research Group Nanotechnology Research Alliance 2 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies


Clay minerals are natural hydrous aluminosilicate and possess a layered silicate structure that can be found in

a number of soils. Montmorillonite (MMT) is one of the clay minerals have a surface area of 191 m²g⁻¹ and has been used as a catalyst and adsorbent. However, their efficient use is limited due to low thermal stability and lack of porosity1-3. In this work, mesoporous materials derived from raw MMTwere obtained using the starch gel template method. Porous heterostructures (PCHs) were prepared by intercalation of cationic potato starch and hydrolysed potato starch as template, dodecylamine as co-template and tetraethylorthosilicate (TEOS) as silica pillar into the interlayer space of MMT. The effects of starch loading and aging temperature on changes of the structure, porosity and morphology of MMT in the formation of PCHswere investigated. The MMT derived PCHswas characterized by means of XRD, N2 adsorption-desorption, pyridine adsorption, FESEM and FTIR spectroscopy. The XRD and FESEM analyses of the PCHs prepared using cationic and hydrolyzed starchshowed a significant disordering of the MMT layer arrangement after treatment with the starch gel template. However, results of the nitrogen adsorption measurement showed the surface area has increased remarkably as high as 1000 m²g⁻¹ with average pore diameters of 3.4 – 3.8 nm and pore volumesof 0.70 to 0.87 cm3g-1. Furthermore, the structural integrity of PCHs deteriorated slightly with increasing temperature but the porosity was maintained until up to 900 C. The FTIR spectra after pyridine adsorption showed thatboth raw MMT and PCHspossessed mainly strong Lewis acid sites. The acidity properties and high surface area of PCHsmake them useful as potential heterogeneous catalyst for the transformation of bulky organics.

Scheme 1 Proposed Mechanism of the PCHs synthesis

1. Chae, H.J., Nam, I.S., Ham, S.W., Hong, S.B. Catal. Today 2001, 68, 31. 2. Gonza´lez, F., Pesquera, C., Benito, I., Herrero, E., Poncio, C., Casuscelli, S. Appl. Catal. 1999, A 181, 71. 3. Zhu, H.Y., Vansant, E.F., Xia, J.A., Lu, G.Q., J. Por. Mater. 1997, 4, 17.

Mrs. Norsahika Mohd Basir Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Phone: +60 127402554 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2007-2010 B.Sc (Industrial Chemistry), UTM, Malaysia 2010-present PhD Candidate UTM, Malaysia



OOCC1199 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd AAnnttiimmiiccrroobbiiaall TTeesstt ooff HHeetteerrooccyycclliicc CChhaallccoonnee CCoonnttaaiinniinngg

OOxxyyggeenn

Zakiah Mokhtar1*, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis1, Siti Pauliena Mohd Bohari2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2Department of Biotechnology and Medicinal Engineering, Faculty of Bioscience and Medical Engineering, Universiti

Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Chalcones (1,3-diaryl-2-propen-1-ones) which are belonging to flavanoid family is one of the classes of compounds which possess a wide range of biological activities such as antibacterial, anticancer, antifungal agents and others1. It was reported that heterocyclic chalcone bearing heterocycles such as furan ring has also significant property acting as antibacterial and antifungal agent2. Due to this potential, a series of heterocyclic chalcones were synthesized by focusing on varying the aromatic ketone containing halogen groups as these groups as reported to have significant activities towards selected bacterial strains. The reaction between 5-methylfurfural (1) with aromatic ketone (2a-e, 4 and 6) have successfully furnished products in high yields by conventional Claisen-Schmidt condensation method in the presence of base at room temperature (Scheme 1). The structures of the compounds were confirmed by spectroscopic method such as infrared spectroscopy (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C NMR) and mass spectrometer (MS). All the synthesized compounds were screened for their antibacterial and antifungal activities.

OH

OH3C

CH3

O

R

O

R

O CH3

N

NCH3

O

N

NO

O CH3

N

N

OO C

H3

O CH3

aq. NaOH,Ethanol

ethanolic KOH,Ethanol

Pyridine,Dimethylamine

3a; R= H3b; R= F3c; R= Cl3d; R= Br3e; R = I

(1)

(2a-e)

(4)

(6)

(3a-e)

(5)

(7)

2a; R= H2b; R= F2c; R= Cl2d; R= Br2e; R = I

Scheme 1 Synthesis route for preparation of chalcone derivative

1. Solomon, V. R. and Lee, H. (2012). Anti-breast Cancer Activity of Heteroaryl Chalcone Derivatives. Biomed

Pharmacother. 66, 213-220. 2. Tran, T. –D., Nguyen, T. –Thao. –Nhu., Do, T. –D., Huynh, T. –N, -P., Tran, C. –D. and Thai, K. –M. (2012).

Synthesis and Antibacterial Activity of Some Heterocyclic Chalcone Analogues Alone and in Combination with Antibiotics. Mol. 17, 6684-6696.

Ms. Zakiah Mokhtar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6075532532 E-mail: [email protected] Research interest: Organic Synthesis, Organic Chemistry 2009-2012 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2012-present Msc. Science (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)



OC20 EEffffeeccttss ooff SSiilliiccaa AAddddiittiioonn oonn tthhee CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff EENNRR//PPVVCC MMeemmbbrraannee

Nazwa Jon1,2*, Rizafizah Othaman3, Ibrahim Abdullah3

1Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak (Kampus Tapah), Tapah Road, 35400 Tapah,, Perak, Malaysia

2Faculty of Applied Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

This paper studied on the preparation and characterization of a hybrid organic-inorganic membrane, silica

filled epoxidised natural rubber (ENR)/polivinyl chloride (PVC) membrane. The ENR/PVC/TEOS membranes were prepared using spontaneous solvent exchange and evaporation technique. The silica was synthesized from tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) precursor through in-situ sol-gel process. The amount of TEOS added was varied by 5, 8, 10 and 15 wt%. The chemical properties of the membranes were characterized and analyzed using FTIR, surface and cross section morphology using SEM, thermal stability using TGA, mechanical properties using UTM and gas permeability. The formation of Si-O-Si bonding at 1088 cm-1 showed the formation of silica in the membranes. The SEM micrograph showed that pores were developed upon addition of silica. Thermal analysis (TGA) showed the percentages of silica residues had increased with the amount of silica added. The tensile strength and modulus were also enhanced with increasing amount of TEOS up to 15 wt% with tensile strength and modulus of 16.9 MPa and 11.4 MPa, respectively. Gas permeation test was done on ENR/PVC/TEOS membranes using nitrogen and carbon dioxide gasses. The permeability of both gasses increased with the amount of TEOS added in the membrane, which attributed to the increase in nanopores. However, since the affinity of silica to carbon dioxide is higher than nitrogen, the membranes with silica had a higher permeability to carbon dioxide than nitrogen.

1. Nair, M.N.R.; Thomas, G.V.; Nair, M.R.G. Polym. Degr. Stab. 2007, 92, 189-196. 2. Chen, W.; Su, Y.; Zhang, L.; Shi, Q.; Peng, J.; Jiang, Z. J. Membr. Sci., 2010, 348, 75-83. 3. Saeedi, M.; Ghasemi, I.; Karrabi, M. Iranian Polym. J., 2011, 20, 423-432. 4. Wahab, M.F.A.; Ismail, A.F.; Shilton, S.J.; Sep. Purif.Technol. 2012, 86, 41-48. 5. Karim, J.; Ahmad, A.; Abdullah, I.; Dahlan, H.M. J. Sol-gel Sci., 2012 62, 7-12. 6. Yu, L-Y.; Xu, Z-l.; Shen, H-M.; Yang, H. J. Membr. Sci. 2009, 337, 257-265.

Miss Nazwa Jon University Teknologi MARA Perak (KampusTapah), Phone: +601 96438433 Fax: +605406 7712 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Membrane Science, Colloid Chemistry, Polymer Chemistry 2005-2008 B.Sc. (Hons) Applied Chemistry, UiTM, Malaysia 2010-2013 M.Sc.(Chemistry) UKM, Malaysia 2013-present Lecturer at UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia




OC21 BBiioossyynntthheessiiss ooff SSiillvveerr NNaannooppaarrttiicclleess bbyy sstteemm bbaarrkkeexxttrraacctt ooff AArrttooccaarrppuuss eellaassttiiccuuss

Nur ‘Iffah Shafiqah Abdullah, *Mansor B. Ahmad, and

KamyarShameli

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

Corresponding author:

[email protected]

Green approach in synthesizing metal nanoparticles has gain new interest from the researchers as metal nanoparticles were widely applied in medical equipment and household products. The use of plants in the synthesis of nanoparticles emerges as a cost effective and eco-friendly approach. A green synthetic route for the production of stable silver nanoparticles by using aqueous silver nitrate as metal precursor and Artocarpuselasticus (A. elasticus) stem bark extract act both as reductant and stabilizer is being reported for the first time. The resultant silver Ag/A. elasticus nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The UV-visible spectrum of the aqueous medium containing silver nanoparticles showed an absorption peak at around 410 nm. The morphological study by SEM shows spherical shape particles deposited on the surface of A. elasticus, suggesting silver nanoparticles. TEM image shows resultant Ag/A. elasticus nanoparticles sized in the range of 10.68 ± 4.26 nm. XRD pattern showed that the particles are crystalline in nature, with a face-centered cubic structure. FTIR spectra confirmed molecular interaction between negatively charged oxygen from A. elasticus chained with positively charged silver nanoparticles (Figure 1). The synthesized Ag/A. elasticus nanoparticles were effective against all tested bacteria; Gram-positive (Bacillus subtilis) and, Gram-negative (Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli).

Nur ‘Iffah Shafiqah binti Abdullah Universiti Putra Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Nanotechnology 2008-2011 B.Sc. (Hons) - Industrial Chemistry UPM 2012-present M. Sc. (Polymer) UPM

Figure 1: Schematic representation of synthesized Ag/A. elasticus nanoparticles



OOCC2222 GGrreeeenn SSyynntthheessiiss ooff SSiillvveerr NNaannooppaarrttiicclleess uussiinngg RRhhiizzoommee EExxttrraacctt ooff GGaallaannggaall,, AAllppiinniiaa ggaallaannggaall

Norhidayah M. Ahyat 1, Alyza A. Azmi2*

1School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia 2School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Terengganu, Malaysia The present study reports an eco-friendly, rapid and cost effective of the synthesis of silver nanoparticles

(Ag-Nps) using galangal, Alpiniagalanga rhizome extract. The antioxidant activity of the galangal rhizome, the family of Zingiberaceae was detected through Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) and total phenolic content (TPC) assay. The FTIR showed the five vibrations of interest mode which were the stretch of hydroxyl (O-H), alkyl, aromatics and carbonyl (C-O) functional groups at 3400.75 cm-1, 2930.11 cm-1, 1638.59 cm-1, 1424.10 cm-1 and 1053.45 cm-1. The TPC of the galangal rhizome was determined. The silver nitrate (AgNO3) was used as the precursor of the reaction and it was reduced to Ag-Nps using galangal rhizome extract, a natural biological reducing agent via one-pot synthesis. The effects of time of reaction and concentration of AgNO3 were observed. The excitation of surface plasmon resonance (SPR) for the prepared Ag-Nps was analyzed via UV-Vis spectrophotometer at peak around 420 nm. The spherical morphology of Ag-Nps was confirmed by using SEM. The XRD spectrum corresponding to planes (111), (200), (220) and (311) showed the crystalline nature of Ag-Nps formed was face centre cubic (fcc). The resulted reported that the galangal, Alpiniagalanga rhizome was found to be effective biological reducing agent for the preparation of Ag-Nps.

1. Bar, H., Bhui, D. K.; Sahoo, G. P.; Sarkar, P., Pyne, S.; and Misra, A. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physiochem. Eng. Aspect2009, 348, 212.

2. Krishnaraj, C.; Jagan, E. G.; Rajasekar, S.; Selvakumar, P.; Kalaichelvan, P.T; and Mohan, N. Colloid and Surfaces B: Biointerfaces, 2010, 76, 50.

3. Kharissova, O. V.; Dias, H. V. R.; Kharisov, B. I.; Pérez, B. O.; and Pérez, V. M. J. Trends in Biotechnology, 2013, 31, 240.

Dr. Alyza Azzura binti Abd Rahman Azmi Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Phone: +60 123761415 E-mail: [email protected] 2003-2006 B.Sc.(Chemistry) KUSTEM, Malaysia 2007-2008 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2009-2013 Ph.D. (Chemistry), Queen’s University, ON, Canada June 2013-present Lecturer, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu




OOCC2233 DDeevveellooppiinngg aa NNoovveell CCaattaallyyttiicc AApppprrooaacchh ffoorr IImmiinnee FFoorrmmaattiioonn

Fatin Ilyani Nasir1, Nurul Izzaty Hassan1

1School of Chemical Science & Food Technology, National University of Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

Imines are very useful molecules for the pharmaceutical industry. For example,the imine molecule terizidone

is used to treat tuberculosis. Catalytic procedures for synthesizing imines are rare, and are generally slow and inapplicable to a broad range of starting materials. Imines are very useful molecules, particularly for the pharmaceutical industry and others. However, catalytic procedures currently available for their synthesis are generally not broadly useful. The conventional catalyst cost money and they can be poisoned by waste products. The development of a broadly useful catalytic protocol, especially one such as this, that is fast (autocatalysis) and broad (crosscatalysis) is therefore needed and can be a huge advantage for a competitive manufacturing cost. In this work, we introduce more than one autocatalyst and crosscatalyst in larger imine library within DCC framework. The application of such smart catalytic system will increase the process efficiency and hence, lowering the manufacturing cost.

Ms Fatin Ilyani Nasir National University of Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60 13 5956803 E-mail: [email protected] Research interest: Organic Chemistry 2010 - 2013 B. Science (Chem.), National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2014 – present M. Science (Chem.), National University of Malaysia, Malaysia




OOCC2244 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff BBeennzzooyyll TThhiioouurreeaa AAmmiinnoo AAcciidd

DDeerriivvaattiivveess

Ramizah Ramli1, Nurziana Ngah2, Siti Kamilah Che Soh3, M. Sukeri M. Yusof1*

1School of Fundamental Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala Terengganu

2Kuliyyah of Science, IIUM Kuantan Campus, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan 3School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Mengabang Telipot, 21030 Kuala

Terengganu

Three benzoylthiourea amino acid derivatives have been successfully synthesized by condensation reaction of 2-methylbenzoyl isothiocyanate with threonine (L1), 2-chlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate with valine (L2), and 2-chlorobenzoyl isothiocyanate with threonine (L3). All compounds were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The FTIR spectra of the ligands exhibited four strong and medium bands between the range of 3241-3487 cm-1, 3064-3240 cm-1, 1719-1630 cm-1 and 723-748 cm-1 which correspond to the stretching frequencies of v(O-H), v(N-H), v(C=O) and v(C=S)1. The 1H NMR spectra of -C=S-NH and -C=O-NH were also observed as singlet peak at H 11.6-11.9 ppm and H 10.991-11.17 ppm. While, the signals for 13C NMR spectra of C=S, COOH and C=S were showed within the range of C 180-181 ppm, C 171 ppm and C 168-170 ppm respectively2. Keywords: Benzoyl chloride, amino acid, benzoylthiourea amino acid derivatives

1. Embong, N.F.; Yusof, M.S.M.; Kadir, M.A.; Yamin, B.M. UMT 11th International Annual Symposium on Sustainability Science and Management. 2012, 1113.

2. Jusoh, R.H.; Khairul, W.M.; Yusof, M.S.M.; Kadir, M.A.; Yamin, B.M. The Malaysian Journal of Analytical Sciences. 2011, 15, 70.

Miss Ramizah binti Ramli Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia. Phone: 017-9599659 E-mail: [email protected], mizahramli@ymail,com Research interest: Inorganic Chemistry 2010-2013 Bachelor of Science (Chemical Sciences),

Universiti Malaysis Terengganu, Malaysia. 2013-Present Master of Science (Chemical Sciences),

Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia.




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Nurul Barakah Ab Rahman1, Hamizah Md Rasid1, Mohammad Noor Jalil1*

1 School of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology of Mara (UiTM), Selangor Malaysia

Industrial developments in Malaysia cause the dramatically grown electricity demand. Large amount of coal

is needed to be burned in order to supply adequate amount of electricity for daily needs. Continuous production of electricity from coal power plants produces abundant wastes which are usually stored in ash ponds. If no action been taken to recycle the waste it may lead to serious burden to the environment.

The aim of this research is to provide more environmentally friendly pathway of bottom ash disposal. Besides, bottom ash is a cheaper silica source which can be used in the synthesis of porous silica materials such as Mobil Crystalline Materials No. 41 (MCM-41) and Santa Barbara Amorphous-15 (SBA-15). The novel mesoporous materials, MCM-41 was discovered by researchers Mobil Oil Company since 1990 and they offers bright future due to their unique properties1. SBA-15 was published by Stucky group in year 19982. Both materials were synthesis by liquid template method (Figure 1) and produce hydrothermally stable, highly ordered mesopores, large pore size (2-50 nm) and greater pore volume (up to 1000 m2/g) final products3-4. The cheaper silica from bottom ash was extracted prior to use. Extraction of silica was carried out by alkali fusion method and the supernatant was used to synthesis MCM-41 and SBA-154. As comparison, MCM-41 and SBA-15 were synthesized by using pure silica source which tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) and Pluronic P123 respectively. All synthesized MCM-41 and SBA-15 are characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Nitrogen adsorption and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM).

1. Liou, T.-H. Chem. Eng. J, 2011, 171, 1458. 2. Nguyen, T.P.B.; Lee, J.-W., Shim, W.G.; Moon, H. M. & M. Materials 2008, 110, 560. 3. Rahmat, N.; Abdullah, A.Z.; Mohamed, A.R. A. J. of A. Sci.2010, 7, 1579. 4. Chandrasekar, G.; You, K.-S.; Ahn, J.-W.; Ahn, W.-S. M. & M. Materials 2008, 111, 455. 5. Hatton, B.; Landskron, K. A. I.; Whitnall, W.; Perovic, D.; Ozin, G. A. Acc. Chem. Res. 2005, 38, 306.

Miss Nurul Barakah Ab Rahman University Technology of Mara, Malaysia Phone: +6013 4726824 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Material Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 2010-2013 B.Sc. (Chemistry) University Technology of Mara, Malaysia 2014-present M.Sc. (Chemistry) University Technology of Mara, Malaysia

Figure 1 Liquid template method5




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Mohamad Aiman Firdaus Othman1, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki1

1 Analytical Chemistry and Environmental Program, School of Marine Science and Environmental, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.

The potential of diphenylthiocarbazone (Dithizone, H2Dz) as a chemical sensing system for the

determination of trace metal ions in aqueous environment was investigated. The absorbance was measured using UV-Vis spectroscopy in the range of 350 nm – 700 nm which indicated the enol and keto form of dithizone at pH 4 1-2. The stoichiometric of dithizone-metal complexes exhibited 1:2 complex ratios with the formation constants of 1.62 M-1, 4.29 M-1 and 1.03 M-1 for H2Dz-Cu, H2Dz-Fe and H2Dz-Pb respectively. Meanwhile, the immobilization of dithizone onto PVC membrane has increased the sensing responses toward metal ions. Different colours were observed for each metal complexes formation. The membrane showed a good regeneration process in several cycles. The reproducibility of the membrane was evaluated to be 7.8%, 4.6% and 6.9% for H2Dz-Cu, H2Dz-Fe and H2Dz-Pb respectively. It shows that the system can be applied for the sensing purposes. The detection limit of the metal ions Cu2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+ were measured to be 2.88 x 10-7 M, 1.13 x 10-7 M and 1.50 x 10-7 M respectively.

1. G. Wei, J. Chen, Z. Yang,. Studies on Liquid/liquid Extraction of Copper ion with Room Temperature

Ionic Liquid, J. Chem. Society, 50: 2003, 1123-1130. 2. Z. Marczenko, R. Lobinski,. Spectrochemical Trace Analysis for Metals and Metalloids, Elsevier,

Amsterdam. 1996.

Hafiza Mohamed Zuki University of Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Phone: 019-9995453 / 09-6683352 Fax: 09-6683193 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Chemical Sensor 1997-2001 B.Sc. Hons (Chemical Science) UPM, Malaysia 2002-2003 M.Sc (Analytical Science and Instrumentation) UMIST, UK 2004-2009 PhD (Chem. Eng. and Analytical Science) Uni. Of Manchester, UK 2009-present Senior lecturer in UMT



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Nur Azimah Mansor1, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain1*, Mohd Shihabuddin Ahmad Noorden2

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Puncak Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

A new electrochemical DNA biosensor was fabricated using Zinc Oxide Nanowires on gold electrode

(ZnONWs/Au). Currently, the applications of nanomaterials in the electrochemical biosensors based-DNA have a very topic in recent years and offer important applications in clinical diagnostics and treatment of viral and immune diseases. In this research, the Zinc Oxide (ZnO) nanowires grown will be synthesized and applied in the development of electrochemical DNA biosensor for detection of the breast cancer genes (BRCA1). The synthetic single stranded oligonucleotide (ssDNA) will be immobilized onto gold electrode that has been grown with zinc oxide nanowires. Furthermore, the probes become hybridized with different concentration of complementary nucleic acid sequences and mismatch ssDNA in the samples.

Under the optimal conditions the specific BRCA1 ssDNA sequences could be detected by measuring the differential pulse voltammetric responses on dsDNA molecules. The linear concentration range was achieved from 10.0 to 100.0 µM with the detection limit as 3.32 µM. This electrochemical DNA sensor exhibited excellent selectivity. The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) product of BRCA1 gene that extracted from MCF7 breast cancer cells was successfully detected, which indicated that this electrochemical DNA sensor could be further used for the detection of specific ssDNA sequence in real biological samples.

Ms. Nur Azimah Mansor Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: 013-3137 465 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biosensor, Applied Chemistry 2008-2011 B.Sc Chemistry (Forensic Analysis) UiTM, Malaysia 2012-present M.Sc (Chemistry) UiTM, Malaysia



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ffoorr tthhee ddeetteeccttiioonn ooff QQuueerrcceettiinn

Suraya Mohd Saad1, Norizan Ahmat1 and Zainiharyati Mohd Zain1* 1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Studies on organic compounds that undergo bioactivity properties such as antioxidant, antiviral, and so on

for medical benefits have become trend nowadays. This is due to the abundant species of plants which contains various polyphenols, terpenes and organic acids1. Quercetin is the major representative of flavonol, one of the seven groups in the flavonoids family, a powerful antioxidant, and is regularly consumed by humans in edible fruits and vegetables at levels of up to 16 mg per day2- 3. Apart from flavonoids’ therapeutic effects, quercetin is also an excellent scavenger of free radicals4 which benefits humans immensely, therefore much attention has been paid to both biological and physicochemical properties of quercetin over the past few decades. In this study, rapid electrochemical quercetin detection by oxidation of oxygen from laccase-quercetin anzymatic reaction from Trametes versicolor is proposed. The screen-printed electrode (SPE) with three electrodes sensing configuration were used. Three different biosensors based on screen printed electrode (SPE) were compared for the development of laccase based biosensors. In this work, gluteraldehyde and nafion as immobilized materials were deposited onto electrode surface and were evaluated by cyclic voltammetic and chronoamperometric. The measurements were performed in 0.05 M acetate buffer (pH 5.0). The modified biosensor for quercetin detection based on laccase/gluteraldehyde gives highest in sensitivity at concentration of laccase 100 mg mL-1 at applied potential + 0.2 V.

1. Herrmann, K. Critical reviews in food science and nutrition, 28(4) (1989) 315-347. 2. Manach, C. Morand, C. Crespy, V. Demigne, C. Texier, O. Regerat, F. Remesy, C. Quercetin is recovered

in human plasma as conjugated derivatives which retain antioxidant properties. FEBS Letter, 426 (1998) 331–336.

3. Prior, R.L. Absorption and Metabolism of Anthocyanins: Potential Health Effects. In Proceedings of the 4th International Phytochemical Conference, Calif State Polytechn University, Pomona, CA, USA, 21–22 October 2002.

4. Van Acker, S.A., Tromp, M.N., Haenen, G.R., van der Vijgh, W.J., Bast, A. Flavonoids as scavengers of nitric oxide radical. Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, (1995) 214, 755–759.

Ms. Suraya Mohd Saad Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +60 1123558544 E-mail: [email protected] 2008-2011 B Sc. (Chemistry) UiTM, Malaysia 2012-present M Sc. (Chemistry) UiTM, Malaysia



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Nurfarhana binti Arsad1,*, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki1, Maisara Abdul Kadir2

1 Department of Chemistry, School of Marine Science & Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Terengganu, Malaysia.

2 Department of Chemistry, School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Terengganu, Malaysia.

Metals are essential for most living organisms. However, at certain level of concentration, metals become

toxic and can causes dangerous diseases1. Many metal detection techniques have been employed to determine the present of metals. Detections of metal using the analytical instruments are common because this technique provides low detection limit and high selectivity. However, this technique contributes to high cost of equipment and time consuming2. Due to this matter, rapid attempts have been made to develop optical chemical sensors for metal ions detection. The focus for on field and low cost monitoring system are mostly considered for sensor development. This study describes the development of a potential sensing system which capable of detecting Co2+, Cu2+ and Cd2+ ions. This study also concentrates on the utilization of pyridine dicarboxamide compounds as the suitable candidates for sensing applications3. Diamide ligand namely (N,N’-2,6-bis(3-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide) (L1) and (N,N’-2,6-bis(4-pyridylmethyl)pyridine dicarboxamide) (L2) are employed as reagents. Both ligands have been reported by previous study and have high potential as sensing materials4. The reagents then were immobilized into PVC thin films5. The responses of reagents towards metal were investigated using fluorescence spectrophotometer. For the immobilization studies, system showed good sensitivity towards metal ions with LODs range from 10-8 to 10-7 M. The sensor systems also showed good reproducibility of response with low RSD values (RSD between 1 to 3% for L1 and between 1 to 7% for L2. The reagents also showed excellent stability and regenerability by produce similar intensity value to initial baseline value after 10 cycles of testing.

1. De Oliveira, I.A.M., Pla-Roca, M., Escriche, L., Casabó, J., Zine, N., Bausells, J., Samitier, J. & Errachid, A. M. Sci & Eng C, 2006, 26.

2. Kopylovich, M.N., Mahmudov, K.T. & Pombeiro, A.J.L. J. of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 186. 3. Sumby, C.J. & Hanton, L.R. 2009. Tetrahedron, 2009, 65. 4. Maisara Abdul Kadir, Ph.D Thesis, 2012. 5. Hafiza Mohamed Zuki, Ph.D Thesis, 2009

Miss. Nurfarhana binti Arsad Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu Phone: +601119167517 E-mail: [email protected] 2009-2012 B.Science (Chemical Sciences) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 2012-present Study M.Science (Chemical Sciences) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu



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Kartika S. Hamdan1, Zainiharyati M. Zain*1, Zurina Hassan2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

2 Centre for Drug Research, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Pulau Pinang, Malaysia *Corresponding email: [email protected]

Monitoring of extracellular brain glutamate level by microbiosensor is a promising approach for further

investigation of the important role of neurotransmitter. However, using amperometric method is typically troubled caused by the presence of other electroactive species in the brain such as ascorbic acid, dopamine, GABA and uric acid. Various permselective polymer membranes are often used on biosensors to prevent this matter. In this study, we evaluated the most commonly used membranes eg. polyphenylenediamine, nafion, chitosan, and polyethyleneimine using a platinum1 electrode.

The polymer membrane was selected with the highest sensitivity with 600 ± 112 µA cm-2 mM-1 for hydrogen peroxide in vitro and optimal selectivity 51 ± 119 µA cm-2 mM-1 against electroactive interference species which is used in this study, ascorbic acid1. Then, the performance in detection of glutamate in vitro experiment was immobilized with enzyme and evaluated. Next, a further study for higher sensitivity was enhanced by combined several polymer membranes for hydrogen peroxide and better selectivity against interference species. It has found that the best in vitro performance was accomplished with microbiosensor that was protected by polypehenylenediamine1-5 membrane deposited onto the platinum electrode by chrono amperometric. However, combination with more than two polymer membrane showed poor sensitivity towards glutamate and increase the detection of other electroactive species which the membrane layer has effect the sensitivity of the electrode.

Finally, Pt/PPD/Naf/GluOx/Ga was selected to be the most sensitive designed with current density of 28.10 ± 35 µA cm-2 mM-1 and investigation on the ability of microbiosensor in monitoring the presence of glutamate in the prefrontal cortex of anaesthetized rats.

1. O’Neill, R. D.; Chang, S. C.; Lowry, J. P.; McNeil, C. J. Biosensors and Bioelectronics, 2004, 19, 1521-

1528 2. O’Neill, R. D.; Lowry, J. P.; Rocchitta, G.; McMahon, C. P.; Serra, P. A. Trends in Analytical Chemistry,

2008, 27, 78-88. 3. Zainiharyati, M. Z.; O’Neill, R. D.; Lowry, J. P.; Pierce, K. W.; Tricklebank, M.; Aidiahmad, D,;

Sulaiman, A. G.. Biosensors and Bioelectronics 2012, 25, 1454-1459. 4. Rothwell, S. A.; McMahon, C. P.; O’Neill, R. D.; Electrochimica Acta, 2010, 55, 1051-1060. 5. Kartika, S. H.; Zainiharyati, M. Z.; Mohamed, I. A. H.; Jafri M. A.; O’Neill, R. D. WASET, 2013, 78,

1456-1460.

Ms. Siti Kartika Hamdan Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: 013-9703147 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Electrochemistry 2006-2009 Diploma in Science, UiTM 2009-2012 B.Science (Hons) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis), UiTM 2012-present M.Science (Chemistry) (by Research), UiTM 2014-present Lecturer, Kirkby International College, Cyberjaya, Selangor



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Ing Hua Tang1, Rita Sundari2, Hendrik O. Lintang,3 Leny Yuliati3*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia

2 The Research Center of Private Universities Coordination, 13360 Jakarta, Indonesia 3 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia, *corresponding author: [email protected]

Polymeric materials are widely applied in many areas, such as drug delivery1, biomedical device2, electrochemical3 and fluorescence sensor4,5. As for the fluorescence sensor, the most investigated polymeric material is the conjugated one. In this study, non-conjugated polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is investigated for the first time as the potential polymeric material to sense nitrate ions by fluorescence spectroscopy. Since the toxic nitrate ions (NO3

-) leads to environmental pollution if present in high concentration, the unsatisfied detection limit and narrow linear detection range of existing nitrate ion sensor urges researchers to develop a better nitrate sensor3. Therefore, a good fluorescent sensor needs to be developed to overcome this problem.

In this study, the PVP was diluted into various concentrations (3-10%) and used to sense the nitrate ions with different concentrations (10-4-10-1 M), based on the fluorescence spectroscopy quenching. PVP showed two excitation peaks at 285 and 330 nm due to the presence of C=O and N-C, respectively. As shown in Figure 1, the two excitation peaks gave one strong emission at around 408 nm, which was used as the monitored wavelength for the sensing performance. It was found that the emission intensity increased proportionally with the concentration of the PVP. In order to investigate the sensing capability of the functional fluorescent groups, the quenching tests were carried out at excitation wavelength of 285 and 330 nm. At both excitation wavelengths, linear relationship was observed between the nitrate ions concentrations and the relative emission intensity. The quenching constants at excitation wavelength of 285 nm were much higher than those at 330 nm. This result indicated that C=O site was more favorable to sense NO3

- ions than the N-C site. The PVP 7% gave the highest quenching constant; the Ksv value was 9.89 M-1 and 2.45 M-1 for excitation at 285 and 330 nm, respectively. The sensing capability was evaluated in the presence of interference ions (SO4

2-, HCO3-, OH-, and Cl-). It was

observed that the interference ions interacted strongly with the C=O, but weakly with the N-C. Therefore, in the presence of the interference ions, the PVP would be a potential fluorescent sensor when it is excited at 330 nm.

1. Yu, D.-G.; Shen, X.-X.; Branford-White, C.; White, K.; Zhu, L.-M.; Bligh, S.W.A. Nanotechnology 2009, 20, 055104.

2. Lyu, S.; Untereker, D. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 2009, 10, 4033. 3. Tu, X.; Gao, Y.; Yue, R.; Lu, Q.; Zhou, Y.; Lu, Z. Anal. Methods 2012, 4, 4182. 4. Kushon, S.A.; Ley, K.D.; Bradford, K; Jones, R.M.; McBranch, D.; Whitten, D. Langmuir 2002, 18,

7245. 5. Zhao, D.; Swager, T.M. Macromolecules 2005, 38, 9377.

Ms. Tang Ing Hua Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +6014 9138815 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Sensor 2008-2011 Bachelor in Industrial Chemistry, Universiti Technologi Malaysia 2011-present PhD student in UTM

Figure 1 PVP structure with its emission spectrum which is monitored at 285 nm.

CC

NC

C

O

C C n

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ty (

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Mohamad Aiman Firdaus Othman, Azrilawani Ahmad@Othman, Hafiza Mohamed Zuki*

School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia.

Corresponding author’s e-mail: [email protected]

PVC membrane based on 1,5-diphenylthiocarbazone (dithizone) as an ionophore reagent for chemically modified electrode has been constructed. The modified electrode was characterized using cyclic voltammetry. The electrochemical behaviour of Ag electrode surface was investigated in the range of -0.6 mV to +0.6 mV with 0.1 M KCl as supporting electrolyte. Comparative studies towards metal ions Cu2+, Fe2+ and Pb2+ exhibited good responses for redox reactions with linear relationship between peak current and the concentration. The correlation coefficients obtained were 0.9800, 0.9944 and 0.9949 while the evaluated limit of detection were 8.3 x 10-7 M, 4.7 x 10-7 M and 7.6 x 10-7 M, respectively. Therefore, a sensitive and selective chemically modified electrode has been proceeding.

1. Afkhami, A., Felehgari, F. S., Madrakian, T., Gold nanoparticles modified carbon paste electrode as an efficient electrochemical sensor for rapid and sensitive determination of cefixime in urine and pharmaceutical samples. Electrochemical Acta 103: 2013, 125-133.

2. Daud, N., Yusof, N. A., Nor, S. M. M., Electrochemical characteristic of biotinyl somatostation-14/Nafion modified gold electrode in development of sensor for determination of Hg(II). Int. J. Electrochem. Sci., 8: 2013, 10086-10099.

Mr Mohamad Aiman Firdaus Othman University of Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) Phone: +6013 7147410 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Chemical Sensor 2008-2011 B.Sc. Hons (Analytical and Environmental Chemistry) UMT 2012-present Study on Chemical Sensor for M.Sc at UMT



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Nurul Huwaida Rosli*, Normonica Ahmad, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain

Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi MARA, 40450, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Ionic liquids, ILs, belong to a special group of electrolytes consisting only ions and are free of any molecular solvent1. Ionic liquids have many applications, such as powerful solvents and electrically conducting fluids (electrolytes), whilean electrochemicalis commonly used to indicate the potential range and the potential difference.The higher value of electrochemical windows (EW) makes the ionic liquids (ILs) achieved high stability2. However, the study on effects of scan rate and different types of working electrode towards electrochemical window (EW) of ionic liquids (ILs) has not been sufficiently investigated. Therefore, Cyclic Voltammetry, (CV) is used for the estimation of electrochemical window, (EW) for Ionic Liquids, (ILs) similar to conventional electrolyte. The CV is a reversal technique and is obtained by measuring the current at the electrode during the potential scan.

The electrochemical properties for three types of ionic liquid (IL) have been studied by using cyclic voltammetry (CV) that consist of cations 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium, [C5C1pyrr], [C2OC2C1pyrr] and anions including bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide and bis(trifluorosulfonyl)imide. The ionic liquids (ILs) involved are [EMIm][TFSI], [C2OC2C1pyrr][NTf2], and [C5C1pyrr][NTf2]. It was found that different types of electrode and scan rate give different results of EWs.

1. Wei, D., &Ivaska, A. AnalyticaChimicaActa. 2008, 607(2), 126–35. 2. Matsumoto, H., Sakaebe, H., Tatsumi, K., Kikuta, M., Ishiko, E., &Kono, M. Journal of Power

Sources. 2006, 160(2), 1308–1313.

Miss. Nurul Huwaida Rosli Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Phone: +6017 3246862 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Electrochemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 2010-2013 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia 2014-present M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia



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Bavani Kasinathan1, Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi1*, Hong Ngee Lim1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Enantioseparation in biological molecules has been attracted considerable attention due to the high

selectivity of chiral molecular species in nature1,2. To date, graphene startlingly unexplored in incorporation with collagen where essentially be capable in enhancing the chiral discrimination properties of the chiral molecules3,4. Concerning on the potential of this composite, an electrochemical biosensors based on reduced graphene oxide/collagen nanocomposite modified glassy carbon electrode (GCE) was developed. This nanocomposite was then applied in chiral recognition of salbutamol (Sal) which has a single asymmetric carbon atom which subsists as a pair of enantiomers namely D-Sal and L-Sal enantiomers. Electrochemical characterization of the modified electrodes was investigated by cyclic voltammetric techniques whereas the modified electrode surfaces were also characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Electrochemical enantioselective responses of the modified electrode (Col/rGO/GCE) for discrimination of D- and L-Salbutamol enantiomers were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy by comparison with bare GCE in different parameters such as collagen volume and pH. UV/Vis spectroscopic technique was also used to further confirm the enantioselective responses obtained by this nanocomposite electrode.

1. Zor, E.; Saf, A. O.; Bingol, H.; Ersoz, M. Analytical Biochemistry 2014, 449, 83. 2. Guo, L.; Zhang, Q.; Huang, Y.; Han, Q.; Wang, Y.; Fu, Y. Bioelectrochemistry 2013, 94, 87. 3. Wang, Q.; Das, M. R.; Li, M.; Boukherroub, R.; Szunerits, S. Bioelectrochemistry 2013, 93, 15. 4. Kataky, R.; Zawawi, R. Phy. chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2010, 12, 9183

Ms. Bavani Kasinathan Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +603-89471445 Fax: +603 89435380 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Chemistry 2009-2012 BSc.(Chemistry) UMT 2013-On going MSc.(Chemistry) UPM



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Azrilawani Ahmad*, Chew Lee Lik, Nur Syafiqah Abdllah @ Zulkifli

School of Marine Science and Environment, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Terengganu, Malaysia

A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was developed on a screen-printed gold electrode (SPGE) to determine

the presence of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) using electrochemical sensor. SAM was used in this research in order to find better approaches for surface modification studies1. Characterization of modified SPGE has been described. These include influence of scan rate, cleaning procedure of SPGE and also impact of PAHs concentration towards SAMs. The accessibility of ferricyanide probe to the SAM-modified gold electrode and the ability to recognize PAH on SAM-modified gold electrode in the electrolyte solution were investigated by cyclic voltammetry.

The electrode was immersed in thiol solution, 11- mercaptoundecanoic acid (11-MUA) to perform SAM on the electrode surface (Figure 1). The electrode was measured from -600 mV to +600 mV with scan rate of 150 mV/s by cyclic voltammetry. The blocking behavior of surface electrode was determined by preparing the SAM in two modes which were in the presence of PAH (p-SAM), and in the absence of PAH (a-SAM). The p-SAM and a-SAM modified electrode were investigated. Formation of SAM on electrode surface in the absence of PAH (a-SAM) suppressed the redox current and inhibited the transfer of ferricyanide ion to the electrode surface. The modified p-SAM electrode showed the intermediate redox current between bare gold electrode and a-SAM modified electrode. The impact of PAH on p-SAM was tested. A small increment of peak current (6 µA) was observed due to the low permeability of PAH to the p-SAM and collapse of imprinted SAM when react with PAH.

1. Liu, M.; Rechnitz, G.A; Li, K.; Li, Q.X. Analytical Letters.1998, 31, 2025.

Dr. Azrilawani Binti Ahmad @ Othman Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Phone: +609 668 3983 Fax: +609 668 3193 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Bio/Chemical Sensor, Environmental Monitoring 2003-2006 B.Sc. (Chemical Sciences) Kolej Universiti Sains dan Teknologi

Malaysia (KUSTEM) 2006-2007 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) 2008-2012 Ph.D (Analytical Chemistry) University College Cork, Ireland 2007-2012 Academic Fellow at University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT) 2012-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu (UMT)

Figure 1 SAMs formation in 11-MUA

Preparation of SAM solution

Immersion of sample

Sample removal and rinsing

Sample is coated with SAM




OODD1111 EEffffeecctt ooff AApppplliieedd VVoollttaaggeess oonn SSllooww--RReelleeaasseedd EElleeccttrroossyynntthheessiiss ooff CCooppppeerr((IIII)) SStteeaarraattee CCoommpplleexx bbyy CChhrroonnooccoouulloommeettrryy TTeecchhnniiqquuee

Norazzizi Nordin, Wan Zurina Samad, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop, Mohamed Rozali Othman*

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan

Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. *Corresponding author email: [email protected]

Cu(II) stearate complex was synthesized using an electrochemical technique in the presence of palm-based

stearic acid as the ligand and Cu(II) ions released from the anode. The system consisted of Cu foil and a graphite rod as the anode and cathode, respectively, while ammonium acetate (CH3COONH4) was used as a supporting electrolyte. The complex was synthesized using different applied voltages in the range of 2-10 V with the presence of 0.1 M CH3COONH4 for 1 hour of electrolysis time at room temperature (~27 °C). The Cu(II) ions release rate into the aqueous solution was depended on the applied voltages. The Cu(II) concentration results obtained using ICP-OES show that increases in the applied voltage resulted in the increased concentration of Cu(II) ions in the aqueous phase solution, and thus enhanced the efficiency of the complex formation. However, based on the TEM micrograph of the synthesized complex, the copper aggregates formed using high applied voltage (10 V) are not uniform with different size in the range of 2-6 nm. Application of low applied voltage (2 V) in slow-released synthesis produces small copper aggregates with sizes in the range of 2-3 nm. It proves that small nano-sized particles can be produced by using low applied voltage during the synthesis process. Keywords: Electrosynthesis; Applied voltage: Nanoparticles: Copper complexes



OODD1122 CCaattaallyyttiicc ssuuppeerrccrriittiiccaall wwaatteerr ggaassiiffiiccaattiioonn ooff eemmppttyy ffrruuiitt bbuunncchheess ffrroomm

ooiill ppaallmm ffoorr hhyyddrrooggeenn pprroodduuccttiioonn

S. Sivasangar 1, 2, Z. Zulkarnain1,2, Y.H. Taufiq-Yap1, 2*

1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Center, 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.


Empty fruit bunches (EFBs) from the palm plantation sector are abundant agricultural waste products in

Malaysia. Supercritical water gasification (SCWG) is a prominent way to convert high-moisture-content biomass such as EFBs into valuable end products. This investigation is focused on EFB conversion into hydrogen-rich products using SCWG (temperature = 380ºC and pressure ≈ 240 bar). Lignocellulosic model compounds (xylan, cellulose, and lignin) were used to study the degradation patterns and gas compositions under similar reaction conditions. The effect of the EFB/water ratio and the SCWG reaction time on the composition of the product gas was examined. Carbon conversions were found to be inversely proportional to an increasing EFB/water ratio and no improvements were observed with increasing reaction time. The hydrogen yield was found to increase with reaction time along with raising the EFB/water ratio to 0.3 g (3.75 wt%). Furthermore, bulk and modified CaO catalysts with the addition of primary (Ni) and secondary (La, Mg, Ba, Nd, Na, K, Zn, Co and Fe) promoters were studied under same experimental condition. The results showed that H2 production significantly increased with catalysts addition, where highest amount (21.1 mmol/ g) was obtained with Ni and Zn doped on CaO catalysts. This is due to the synergetic effect of each component in the catalysts system whereby combination of Ni and Zn on CaO significantly promote the water gas shift reaction.

Mr. Sivasangar Seenivasagam Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60127833185 Fax: +60389466758 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysts, biomass conversion, Renewable energy, Biofuel

2007-2010 B.Sc. (Hons), UPM. 2010-present PhD (On going), UPM.




OODD1133 CCoommppaarriissoonn ooff ssoonnoocchheemmiiccaall aanndd nnoonn--ssoonnoocchheemmiiccaall ssyynntthheessiiss ooff

mmeessooppoorroouuss aammoorrpphhoouuss MMnnOO22 aanndd tthheeiirr eelleeccttrroocchheemmiiccaall bbeehhaavviioorr

Siti Zubaidah Hasan1*, Mohamed Rozali Othman1, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop1

1 School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Mesoporous amorphous-MnO2 has been synthesized by using sonochemical process (ultrasound wave

radiation) on the aqueous solution consisting of potassium permanganate and solid modified silica support catalyst and silica-alumina support catalyst. Another sonochemical process was also carried out by using the same reaction system. Manganese (II) carbonate and Manganese (II) acetate were used with aqueous potassium permanganate (KMnO4). For non-sonochemical process, the aqueous solution consisting of potassium permanganate and solid modified silica support catalyst and silica-alumina support catalyst were carried out by using hydrolysis process. Manganese (II) acetate and manganese (II) carbonate were used in solid state process and hydrolysis process. Mesoporous amorphous MnO2 obtained were then characterized by Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectrometer (FTIR), and the spectrum obtained showed the existing of MnO2 bonding. The structure of the products was later characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscope (TEM) while the size of the materials were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM). Their electrochemical behavior were studied and it showed the cyclic of MnO2/Mn2+. Sonochemical process showed the completed formation of metal oxide instead of solid state process and hydrolysis process.

Mrs. Siti Zubaidah Hasan University Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60179164898 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Electrochemistry 2008-2011 BSc with Honours (Chemistry) UKM 2013-present MSc (Chemistry), UKM




OODD1144 DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff IImmppeeddiimmeettrriicc IImmmmuunnoosseennssoorr ffoorr tthhee DDeetteeccttiioonn ooff

AAmmyyllooiidd BBeettaa ((11--4400)) oonn PPtt//PPPPDD MMiiccrroo DDiisskk EElleeccttrrooddee

Norazreen Zakaria1, Kalavathy Ramasamy2, Zainiharyati Mohd Zain1*

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Bandar Puncak Alam, Shah Alam, Selangor,

Malaysia


The development of an electrochemical detection of amyloid beta (Aβ 1-40) peptides as a popular bio marker of Alzheimer’s disease (AD) was carried out on a micro disk Platinum (Pt) electrode. The Pt electrode was electropolymerized with poly-ortho- Phenylenediamine (PPD) was successfully done in order to form Pt/PPD sensor. The measurements were done in Phosphate Buffer Solution (PBS) by using Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) and Cyclic Voltametry (CV) techniques. Studies on optimal conditions for the Pt/PPD sensor, the antibody-antigen reaction and the concentration effect of Aβ (1-40) solutions were determined. The results were evaluated by observing the changes in the Nyquist spectra and the values of charge transfer resistance (Rct) extracted from the equivalent circuit. The results reported that in the presence of Aβ (1-40), Nyquist plot appeared as semi circle shape. In addition, as the concentrations of Aβ (1-40) solution was increased, the diameter of Nyquist plots (Rct) were also increased. Meanwhile, in the absence of Aβ (1-40) the Nyquist plot was almost linear due to the diffusion process. A linear calibration graph (R2= 0.9622) of 1/Rct Vs Concentration of Aβ (1-40) standard obtained indicates that this technique can be used for the labeless impedimetric detection. The surface morphology of Aβ (1-40) adsorbed on Pt/PPD was observed using Field-emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM) and Optical Microscopic. Based on these findings, a promising immunosensor for Aβ (1-40) detection can be used as another alternative in finding inhibitors of Aβ (1-40) aggregation. Keywords: Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy, Amyloid Beta, Alzheimer’s disease, Platinum, Biosensor.

Mrs. Norazreen Binti Zakaria Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia Phone: +06017-3912235 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Biosensor, Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy 2009-2011 B. Sc. Chemistry UiTM , Malaysia 2012-present On study for PhD at UiTM, Malaysia



OODD1155 BBaassiicc ssuurrffaaccee ssiitteess ooff vvaarriioouuss NNii--ssuuppppoorrtteedd ccaattaallyyssttss ffoorr

mmeetthhaannaattiioonn ooff CCOO22

M.A.A. Aziz1, A.A. Jalil1,2, S. Triwahyono3,4,*

1 Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


4 Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


Carbon dioxide (CO2) is considered to be a major factor in the greenhouse effect and its concentration in the

atmosphere is increasing. Thus, decrease of CO2 in the atmosphere is very important. Many techniques for CO2 reduction and fixation have been developed and studied over the last decade. In these techniques, the process of CO2 methanation is a practical approach to effectively decrease CO2, because CO2 is converted into reusable chemicals and an appropriate catalyst can promote the reaction under relatively moderate conditions at ambient pressure. Extensive studies have been carried out on the methanation reaction under various catalytic systems1-3.

In this study, the catalysts containing 0.5 wt% Ni supported on Mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSN), Silica, MCM-41 (Mobile Crystalline Material), HY (protonated Y zeolite) and γ-Al2O3 were prepared by impregnation method for the methanation of CO2. Catalytic testing was conducted in the temperature range of 423-723 K under atmospheric pressure in the presence of H2. The activity of CO2 methanation followed the order: Ni/MSN > Ni/MCM-41 > Ni/HY > Ni/SiO2 > Ni/γ-Al2O3. The high activity of Ni/MSN is due to the presence of both intra- and interparticle porosity which led to the high concentration of basic sites evidenced by N2 isotherm and pyrrole adsorbed IR spectroscopy results. The methanation activities were found to be correlated to the concentration of basic sites as the basic sites were determined from the IR peak intensity of FTIR pyrrole adsoprtion (Figure 1). Therefore, high basic sites is essential for high carbon dioxide adsorption on the catalyst to form carbon species, while Ni sites dissociated hydrogen to form atomic hydrogen. The surface carbon species then interacted with atomic hydrogen to form methane.

1. Abe, T.; Tanizawa, M.; Watanabe, K.; Taguchi, A. Energy Environ. sci. 2009, 2, 315. 2. Beaumont, S.K.; Alayoglu, S.; Specht, C.; Michalak, W.D.; Pushkarev, V.V.; Guo, J.; Kruse, N.;

Somorjai, G.A. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 9898. 3. Karelovic, A.; Ruiz, P. ACS Catal. 2013, 3, 2799.

Mr. Muhammad Arif Ab Aziz Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60197421753 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Heterogeneous catalysis, microporous/mesoporous materials 2005-2009 B.Eng.(Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2009-2011 M.Eng (Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2011-present PhD (Chemical engineering) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

0

0.5

1

1.5

2

0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5

Act

ivity

[mm

olC

H4

mm

olN

is-1

]

IR peak intensity

Figure 1 Variations in the FTIR signal intensities with activity.



OODD1166 CChheemmoommeettrriicc AAnnaallyyssiiss ooff SSeelleecctteedd OOrrggaanniicc CCoonnttaammiinnaannttss iinn ssuurrffaaccee

wwaatteerr ooff LLaannggaatt RRiivveerr BBaassiinn

Mohamad Rafaie Mohamed Zubir1*, Rozita Osman1, Norashikin Saim1

1 Faculty of Applied Science Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor

Chemometric techniques namely hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (HACA), discriminant analysis (DA), principal component analysis (PCA) and the factor analysis (FA) were applied to the distribution of selected organic contaminants (polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), sterols, pesticides (chlorpyrifos), and phenol) to assess the potential of using these organic contaminants as source tracer in Langat River Basin. Water samples were collected from February 2012 to January 2013 on a monthly basis for nine monitoring sites along Langat River Basin. HACA was able to classify the sampling sites into three clusters which can be correlated to the level of contamination (low, moderate and high contamination sites). DA was used to discriminate the sources of contamination using the selected organic contaminants and relate to the existing DOE local activities groupings. The contamination of Langat River could be divided into three sources: domestic sewage/urban discharges, industrial activities and socio-economic activities. Forward and backward stepwise DA was able to discriminate two and five organic contaminants variables, respectively, from the original 13 selected variables. The five significant variables identified using backward stepwise DA were fluorene, pyrene, stigmastanol, stigmasterol and phenol. PCA and FA (varimax functionality) were used to identify the possible sources of each organic contaminant based on the inventory of local activities. Five principal components were obtained with 66.5% of the total variation. Result from FA indicated that PAHs (pyrene, fluorene, acenaphthene, benzo[a]anthracene) originated from industrial activity and socio-economic activities; while sterols (coprostanol, stigmastanol and stigmasterol) were asscosiated to domestic sewage and local socio-economic activities. The occurrence of chlorpyrifos was correlated to agricultural activities, urban and domestic discharges. This study showed that the application of chemometrics on the distribution of selected organic contaminants was able to trace the sources of contamination in surface water.

Mohamad Rafaie Mohamed Zubir Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM) Phone:0174989530 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental forensics, Chemistry 2008-2011 B.Sc (Hons) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis) UiTM 2012-present Master of Science (Research) in UiTM



OODD1177 CChheemmoommeettrriicc SSttuuddyy ooff PPaatttteerrnnss,, DDiissttrriibbuuttiioonnss aanndd HHeeaalltthh SSttaattuuss ooff

CChhrroommiiuumm,, CCoobbaalltt,, NNiicckkeell aanndd MMoollyybbddeennuumm iinn SSeelleecctteedd MMaallaayyssiiaann DDiisshheess

Rasaq Bolakale Salau1,2 and Mohamed Noor Hasan1*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM, Johor Bahru, Malaysia 2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural and Applied Science, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65

Minna, Nigeria

Data about dietary mineral elements suggest foods have potential to play positive roles in a number of mineral deficiency cases. Mineral malnutrition is said to account for 11 per cent of the global burden of disease1-2. These mineral elements consumed in foods have implications on degree of toxicity, health risk and safety of the foods as well as to the individuals eating them3-4.

Essential micro-elements such as Co, Cr, Ni and Mo have dual health effects. They play vital health roles. On the other hand, their presences above regulated range in foods are toxic and detrimental. These elements were determined by ICP-MS in selected Malaysian dishes in Skudai area of Johor Bahru. The samples were oven dried until constant weights were obtained. Wet acid digestion was carried out with nitric acid and hydrogen peroxide before instrumental determination. The values of the elements were in the ranges of Chromium (1.5-80.8), Cobalt (0.5-21.7), Molybdenum (1.1-39.4) and Nickel (5.6-341.5) μg per average serving dish. Both cluster and the principal component analysis show the existence of some exceptional foods in the list like chapatti kima with optimum element content. Overall results showed the food contents for the essential micro elements are significant and safe within the limit of Recommended Daily Intake Values.

1. Horton, R. (2008). Maternal and child undernutrition: an urgent opportunity. Lancet. 371(9608), 179-179.

2. Lancet (2008). Maternal and Child undernutrition (Vol. 371). The Lancet's series. 3. Munoz-Olivas, R., Camara, C., 2001. Speciation related to human health. In: Ebdon, L., Pitts, L.,

Cornelis, R., Crews, H., Donard, O.F.X., Quevauviller, P. (Eds.), Trace Element Speciation for Environment, Food and Health. The Royal Society of Chemistry, pp. 331–353.

4. Celik, U., Oehlenschlager, J., 2007. High contents of cadmium, lead, zinc and copper in popular fishery products sold in Turkish supermarkets. Food Control 18, 258–261.

Mr. Rasaq Bolakale Salau Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Phone: +60167891925 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Chemometrics and Chemo-informatics 1987- 1990 BSc.(Chemistry), University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 1995-1997 MSc.(Chemistry) University of Lagos, Lagos, Nigeria 2005-present Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 65 Minna, Nigeria 2011-present On study leave for PhD at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)

Figure 1: Study design Figure 2: Study Outcome




OODD1188 OOppttiimmiizzaattiioonn ooff aann EEnnzzyymmee FFaacciilliittaatteedd PPrroocceessss ffoorr JJuuiiccee CCllaarriiffiiccaattiioonn ffrroomm CCaarriiccaa PPaappaayyaa UUssiinngg RReessppoonnssee SSuurrffaaccee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy ((RRSSMM))

Nurhafizah Binti Ibrahim1, Normazatulizma Binti Haji Mohamad1, Zainal Samicho2, Norfazreen

Dzulkafli1and Norakma Mohd Nor1

1Faculty of Science and Biotechnology, Universiti Selangor, 45600 Bestari Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia 2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

A study on the optimization of enzymatic clarification of carica papaya (papaya) by pectinase was

performed using Response Surface Methodology (RSM). The experimental parameters studied focused on the effects of different concentrations of pectinase enzyme (0.1-1.1%), incubation time k (20-180 minutes) and centrifugal speed (6000-10000 rpm). The papaya juice was treated with industrial pectinase enzyme according to the conditions set by MINITAB software. The clarity of the juices was measured using the optical density (OD) value obtained from UV-VIS spectrophotometer. From the RSM analysis, the feasible surface and contour plot are identified as that of the maximum value. From feasible target value, the processing conditions were found as;of 0.60% of enzyme concentration at 62 minutes of incubation time and 6300 rpm centrifugal speed whereby the absorbance (Abs) of clarity of clarified sweet potato juice can be optimized by R2 = 88.1%. Keywords: papaya juice; enzymatic clarification; Response surface methodology (RSM)

Mrs. Nurhafizah Binti Ibrahim Universiti Selangor, Malaysia. Phone: +61 016 2320142 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biotechnology, pharmacology BSc. Nutrition & Community Health, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Master of Science, UniversitiTeknologi MARA (UITM), Malaysia Current position: Lecturer at Universiti Selangor (UNISEL), Malaysia




OODD1199 SSttaattiissttiiccaall AApppprrooaacchh ffoorr PPhhoottooddeeggrraaddaattiioonn ooff MMiixxttuurree ooff DDyyeess

bbyy UUssiinngg IImmmmoobbiilliizzeedd TTiiOO22

Siew-Teng Ong1,2* and Bao-Lee Phoon1

1 Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.

2 Centre for Biodiversity Research, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, 31900 Kampar, Perak, Malaysia.

Presence of dyes in aqueous environment is one of the major environmental issues due to the toxicity of dyes

to aquatic life and low biodegradability in such environment. Though it is well established that TiO2 is an efficient photocatalyst in removing dyes, most of the studies deal with TiO2 in suspension form where the main disadvantage is that such a process requires a filtration step which is not suited for practical applications. Therefore, in this study the photodegradation of a mixture of dyes, Basic Blue 3 (BB3) and Congo Red (CR) was attempted by using immobilized TiO2. The dye structures of BB3 and CR were shown in Figure 1 and 2, respectively. The study was performed under various experimental conditions and the parameters studied included pH, irradiation time, initial dye concentrations, photocatalyst loading and reusability.

The photodegradation of both dyes was found to be pH dependent and the kinetics of dyes degradation fitted well in Langmuir- Hinshelwood first order kinetics model. The results from the contact time experiment followed the expected trend whereby the percentage of dye removal increased with increasing irradiation time. It was observed that the percentage of dyes removal increases with increasing photocatalyst loading.

Plackett-Burman design coupled with response surface methodology (RSM) were adopted to evaluate the effect of various operating paramaters and to optimize the dyes removal process. The significant parameters in affecting the dyes uptake were found to be initial dye concentrations and pH. The optimum condition for BB 3 removal was determined as pH: 10 and initial dye concentration: 5 mg/L. As for CR, a lower pH facilitated a greater uptake. The observed response agreed well with the predicted response, thus confirming the reliability of the model used in this study.

Dr. Siew-Teng Ong Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Malaysia Phone: +605-4688888 Fax: +605-4661676 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Research interests: Adsorption and photodegradation studies 2000-2003 BSc. (Hons) Industrial Chemistry Universiti Putra Malaysia 2003-2006 PhD (Environmental Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia 2006-present Assistant Professor at Universiti Tunlu Abdul Rahman

Figure 1: BB3 dye structure Figure 2: CR dye structure



OODD2200 AAsssseessssmmeenntt ooff SSuurrffaaccee WWaatteerr MMeettaall PPoolllluuttiioonn IInn BBaallookk RRiivveerr,, PPaahhaanngg

BBaasseedd OOnn PPoolllluuttiioonn LLooaadd IInnddeexx ((PPLLII)) SSuuppppoorrtteedd bbyy MMuullttiivvaarriiaattee SSttaattiissttiiccaall AAnnaallyyssiiss

Nur Rashidah Abd Manap1*, MohdZahari Abdullah1, Ahmad Saat2, Zaini Hamzah3

1Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Pahang), 26400 Pahang, Malaysia 2Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

This study was conducted in order to assess the distribution of selected metal concentrations in surface river water, which indirectly indicate the quality of Balok River. Ten (10) stations were selected along the river and water samples in duplicates were collected using polyethylene bottle sampled during the pre-monsoon (October, 2013). The water samples were digested according to standard method and analyzed for Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Li, Ni, Pb and Zn using ICP-MS. The mean concentrations (ppb) of the respective metals were 0.11 ± 0.06, 8.67 ± 8.19, 4.79 ± 1.96, 31.26 ± 17.98, 64.10 ± 42.42, 17.99 ± 10.10, 4.81 ± 3.59 and 20.58 ± 16.07. The variation of heavy metals levels were very significant with relative standard deviation were measured within 40.19 % (Cr) to 94.46 % (Co). Cd was found at the lowest concentration range while Li was the highest. The metals’ pollution was evaluated by Contamination Factor (CF) followed by Pollution Load Index (PLI). Mean of CF clearly indicates that the river was extremely contaminated with Li and not with Pb. The high values of PLI index at all study stations strongly suggest that the river was polluted with the studied metals with a certain level’s. Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were used to treat the data set. Results of CA show two different groups of similarity between metals reflecting the different sources of the metals. The results of PCA strongly suggest that the metals were grouped into two PCs, which representing the possible sources of the studied metals. Ms. Nur Rashidah Abd. Manap Universiti Teknologi Mara, Malaysia Phone: +6019 403 6560 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Chemistry, Forensic Chemistry 2007-2010 Diploma in Industrial Chemistry Universiti Teknologi Mara, Perlis 2010-2013 B.Sc (Hons.) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis) Universiti

Teknologi Mara, Selangor 2013-present M.Sc (Environmental Technology) Universiti Teknologi Mara, Pahang




OODD2211 SSyynntthheessiiss,, CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn aanndd CCaattaallyyttiicc AApppplliiccaattiioonn ooff LLaanntthhaannuumm

MMooddiiffiieedd MMCCMM--4411 iinn HHeennrryy RReeaaccttiioonn

Kamelia Karimnezhad1, Hamid Kazemi Esfeh2, Salasiah Endud1*

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

2 Process System Engineering Center (PROSPECT), Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Skudai, 81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

The Henry reaction is considered as a base-catalyzed reaction using homogeneous catalyst but there is a

difficulty in separation of the catalyst from the product in this method. Therefore, most researches done to date have focused on finding appropriate heterogeneous catalyst to settle the mentioned problem. In this research, mesoporous silica MCM-41 was prepared under basic condition (pH≈10) by using cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide as template and rice husk ash (RHA) as silica source by means of hydrothermal method. A series of lanthanum-containing MCM-41 (La-MCM-41) with 3 wt.%, 5 wt.% and 10 wt.% loading of lanthanum(Ш), respectively, was synthesized by incorporation of La(NO3)3.6H2O as the lanthanum source into the pure silica MCM-41 matrix via wet-impregnation approach and subsequent thermal treatment. The prepared materials were characterized by means of Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) techniques. The catalytic activity of La-MCM-41 as basic catalyst for selective Henry reaction (see Scheme 1) in different temperatures was explored. Products of the reaction were identified using Gas Chromatography (GC) and Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GCMS). Results indicate rising in efficiency and speed of reaction by increasing the temperature. In addition, effect of the different temperatures on the stability of catalysts was also investigated.

C

O

H + NO2H3C

CHOH CH2

NO O

Benzaldehyde Nitromethane

Solvent (C2H5OH)

(La-MCM-41)

Beta-Nitro ethanol

Mrs. Kamelia Karimnezhad Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60 147219047 Fax: +607 5566162 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Nano Chemistry, Organic Chemistry 2004-2008 B.Sc (Chemistry) Islamic Azad University Shahre-Rey Branch,

Iran 2012- present M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

Scheme 1 Catalyst test in Henry reaction



OODD2222 OOxxiiddaattiioonn ooff CCoommmmeerrcciiaall PPeettrroonnaass DDiieesseell wwiitthh TTeerrtt--bbuuttyyll

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Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah1*, Rusmidah Ali1, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia

Due to strict environmental legislations for ultra-low sulfur diesel fuels, increasing technical and operational

challenges are imposed to conventional hydrodesulfurization (HDS) technology. Catalytic oxidative desulfurization (Cat-ODS) has been found to be an alternative method to replace a conventional method which is hydrodesulfurization. Catalytic oxidation of commercial diesel was performed using an oil-soluble oxidant, tert-butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP), over molybdenum oxide supported on alumina MoO3/Al2O3. A commercial Petronas diesel with 440 ppmw of total sulfur was employed to evaluate the elimination of sulfur compounds. Besides, the percentage of sulfur removal was measured by (GC-FPD). Alkaline earth metals, such as Ca, Ba, Sr and Mg were introduced on the surface of MoO3 /Al2O3 catalyst. The results showed that the catalytic activity decreased in the order, Ca/MoO3/Al2O3>Mg/MoO3/Al2O3> Sr/MoO3/Al2O3 > Ba/MoO3/Al2O3. The Ca/MoO3/Al2O3 catalyst was characterized by XRD and FESEM. XRD results showed that the best catalyst was highly amorphous while FESEM micrograph illustrated an inhomogenous distribution of various particle size. The catalytic activity of Ca/MoO3/Al2O3 catalysts with various Ca/Mo ratios were also studied. When the Ca/Mo ratio was 15:85, the sulfur removal was the highest (79%) at 45ºC, 30 min and O/S molar ratio 3.0. Based on our results, the reaction mechanisms for oxidation of sulfur compounds to the corresponding sulfones occur in the presence of Ca/MoO3 /Al2O3 catalyst.

Keywords: Oxidative Desulfurization, Commercial Diesel, Tert-butyl hydroperoxide, Alkaline earth metals,Catalyst

Wan Nazwanie Wan Abdullah University Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +0137018227 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2008-2011 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2008-present PhD candidate at University Teknologi Malaysia. (UTM).




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Norhidayah Selamat1 and Nurul Huda Abd Karim1

1 School of Chemical Science & Food Technology, National University of Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia.

The platinum complex with four donor atoms O^O^N^N from its bipyridine ligand was synthesized.

Bis(phenoxy)bipyridine ligand was prepared by Suzuki coupling reaction between 6,6’-dibromo-2,2’-bipyridyl and 2-methoxyphenylboronic acid with presence of palladium (II) acetate. The mixture was refluxed for 4 hours under inert condition. Purification were carried out by column chromatography using dicloromethane:hexane (1:2) as a developing solvent to obtain 6,6’-bis(2-methoxyphenyl)-2,2’-bipyridyl. The compound was then reacted with pyridine hydrochloride to formed 6,6’-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2’-bipyridyl ligand. Coordination of ligand to metal was obtained by treating 6,6’-bis(2-hydroxyphenyl)-2,2’-bipyridyl ligand with platinum chloride in benzonitrile. The structure of both ligand and complex was confirmed by 1H, 2D cosy and 13C NMR spectroscopy, ESI-MS spectrometry, CHN elemental analyses and FTIR spectroscopy. The interaction of the title compound with ct-DNA was characterized by UV/Vis and emission DNA titrations.

Norhidayah binti Selamat Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Phone: +61 3 2814811 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2010-2013 B.Hons (Chemistry), UKM



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Azizul Hakim1*, Wan Nor Roslam Wan Isahak1, Maratun Najiha Abu Tahari1, Wan Zurina Samad1, Muhammad Rahimi Yusop1, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham1, Mohd Ambar Yarmo1

1 Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM, Bangi, Malaysia

The explosive growth in energy consumption ascribed to rapid increase of population worldwide. This

affected the emissions greenhouse gas of carbon dioxide level into atmosphere. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) reported the carbon dioxide level was 399 ppm on July 2014, where it is higher than the atmospheric secure level which is 350 ppm1. The emissions of anthropogenic CO2 gas have close relationship with global warming, acid rain and health problems. These consequences has raised great concerns on mitigating the CO2 gas emitted widely especially in energy production. Recycling CO2 as renewable sources of energy to conserve carbon resources for sustainable development has been done with the great interest on CO2 utilization.

Solid sorbents has been identified as one of the best materials in CO2 capturing. In order to understand the interactions of CO2 with the adsorbents, studies were carried out by chemisorption and physisorption. There are patents have been published on solid sorbents such as active carbon, alkali metal oxides, lithium oxide, soda-lime, zeolites, molecular sieve, silver oxide, lithium silicate, silica gel, alumina, amine solid sorbents metal organic frameworks and others. Iron oxide is one of the transition metals that has been used as adsorbent, nonetheless it is lack of variety in the research and need to be study extensively2,3.

Santos et al. have produced synthetic sol gel of calcium oxide (CaO) sorbent for CO2 adsorption4. Hence, the potential adsorbent of α-Fe2O3 produced from modified sol gel method. The catalysts calcined at varies temperature were then physically and chemically characterized prior to observe the effect on capture capacity.

The CO2 adsorption behaviors were observed in the adsorption conditions at 298 K and 1.0 atm. Analytical methods of XRD, Bunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface analyzer, and FTIR were used to characterize the catalysts and adsorption properties.

The calcination temperature of 450 °C was found to be the highest CO2 capturing capacity at room temperature. Calcination at high temperature indicated low in surface area with sintering on the morphology of the α-Fe2O3. The pore volume well generated at 450 °C where it is crucial for multilayer adsorption at room temperature. This feature plays an important role in CO2 capturing besides the basicity of the adsorbent5.

1. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration, Global Monitoring Division, U.S Department of

Commerce. 2. Baltrusaitis, J.; Schuttlefield, J.; Zaitler, E.; Grassian, V. H. Chemical Engineering Journal. 2011, 170,

471. 3. Ismail, H. M.; Allan Cadenhead, D.; Zaki M. I. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science. 1997, 194, 482. 4. Santos, E. T.; Alfonsin, C.; Chambel, A. J. S.; Fernandes, A.; Soares Dias, A. P.; Pinheiro, C. I. C.;

Ribeiro, M. F. Fuel. 2012, 94, 624. 5. Son, W.J.; Choi, J.S.; Ahn, W.S. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials. 2008, 113, 31.

Mr. Azizul Hakim Bin Lahuri Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Phone: +61 7 7125 308 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis and renewable energy 2006-2009 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2010-2012 M.Env (Environment) Universiti Putra Malaysia 2013-present PhD (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia



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Ivan C. T. Tan1,2, Robiah Yunus3, Mohd Zobir Hussein3 and , Yun Hin Taufiq-Yap1,2,3*

1Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

3Institute of Advance Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.


Vegetable oils based lubricants are gaining lots of attention nowadays due to its environmental benign nature1 comparing to those of mineral oil based lubricants. One of the ways to obtain this type of lubricant is by transesterication of a polyol esters with vegetable oils2. In this study, transesterification of palm oil methyl esters (ME) and trimethylolpropane (TMP)3-4 was performed in the presences of SrO-CaO heterogeneous base catalyst to obtain TMP triesters (TE). TE was interested due to its excellent lubricity, viscosity–temperature characteristics, and low volatility. Different composition of strontium oxide (SrO) was mixed with calcium oxide (CaO)5 as solid heterogeneous base catalyst and its performance to produce TE was studied. The synthesized catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD) of carbon dioxide (CO2). The composition of TE was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-FID). The optimization for the production of TE was carried out in four different parameters. Those parameters include reaction temperature, amount of catalyst loading, reaction time and the composition of SrO mixed with CaO. The optimum conditions obtained were 240 minutes reaction time using 5% w/w SrO on CaO(CaO5SrO), reaction temperature of 180 oC and 1% w/w catalyst (CaO5SrO) loading with fixed 6:1 of ME/TMP molar ratio and pressure at 2.5 mbar. The yield of final product (TE) was found out to be 88.5% using the optimum conditions stated.

1. Bartz, W.J.Marcel Dekker Inc., New York 1993, 319-336. 2. H.H. Masjuki, M.A. Maleque, A. Kubo, T. Tribology International1999, 32, 305–314. 3. Robiah Yunus; A. Fakhru’l-Razi; Ooi, T.L.; Iyuke, S.E. and A. Idris, J. of Oil Palm Research2003, 15(2),

35-41. 4. Robiah Yunus; A. Fakhru’l-Razi; Ooi, T.L.; Iyuke, S.E. and A. Idris, J. of Oil Palm Research2003, 15(2),

42-49. 5. Aguila, G., Valenzuela, A., Guerrero, S., Araya, P.Catalysis Communications 2013, 39(5), 82-85.

Mr. Ivan Tan Choon Tah Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) Phone: +6016 809 5199 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis Chemistry

2008-2011 B. Petroleum Chemistry (Hons.) UPM 2011-present MSc. at UPM

ANALYTICALSCIENCESFORECO‐FRIENDLYSOCIETY

151 |SKAM278‐10December2014KSLResorts,JohorBahru,Johor,MALAYSIA

ABSTRACTSOFPOSTERPRESENTATIONS



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NurAtilia Mohamad*, Azli Sulaiman

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia

Microencapsulation is defined as a process in which tiny particles or droplets are surrounded by a coating or enclosed in a homogenous or hetreogenous matrix1. Microencapsulation is done to give small capsules with many useful properties. The microcapsule particles are designed to release its core material under predetermined conditions. Microcapsules can be classified on three basics categories according to their morphology as follows mononuclear, polynuclear and matrix types (Figure 1). Preservatives are the important ingredients for the extensions shelf life of processed foods. The shelf life of foods involves colour, texture and stability which are mainly influenced by mold, yeast and bacterial growth2. Benzoic acid is used as preservative in wide variety of foods such as fruit products, jams and beverages. It retards the growth of yeasts and moulds3. Benzoic acid is being encapsulated so that its release can be controlled. The wall material used is local tapioca starch which contains carbohydrate, the common choice of wall material in food ingredient encapsulation.

The microstructure and morphology of microcapsules can be determined by FESEM. The microcapsules

were analysed with different tests. The tests are encapsulation efficiency, thermal stability, controlled release study, storage stability and morphology evaluation. All results are characterized using UV-Vis Spectroscopy and FESEM.

Figure 1: Different morphologies of microparticles obtained by microencapsulation (a) microcapsule, (b) microsphere, (c) multilayer microcapsules and (d) multishell and microsphere

1. Gharsallaoui, A., Raudaut, G., Chambin, O., Voilley, A. and Saurel, R. Food Res. Int. 2007,40. 1107-

1121 2. Brul, S. and Coote, P. Int. J. Food Microbial, 1999, 50. 1-17 3. Marsili, N. R., Sobrero, M. S. and Goicoechea, H. C. Anal. Bioanal. Chem. 2003, 376, 126-133.

Miss NurAtilia Mohamad University Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60 175058566 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry 2009-2012 B.Sc.(IndustrialChemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2012-present M.Sc (Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia



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Rosmawani Mohammad1,2,*, Musa Ahmad3, Lee Yook Heng2

1Faculty of Agro-Based Industry Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli Campus, Locked Bag No.100,

17600 Jeli, Kelantan, Malaysia

2School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

3Industrial Chemical Technology Program, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Bandar Baru Nilai, 71800 Nilai, Negeri Sembilan D.K., Malaysia

Chili is the fruit of the plants from the genus Capsicum. Chili has been employed in a variety of folk

remedies to treat conditions such as asthma, lumbago, neuralgia, pneumonia, rheumatism, sores, cancers and tumors [1]. It is also rich in vitamin C, as an antioxidant and red chili is a good source of β-carotene. However, chili is better known for its pungency and is widely used as a spice in many cuisines. All hot chili fruits contain capsaicinoids, natural substances responsible for the hotness and pungent taste of chili. Capsaicin and dihydrocapsaicin comprise 80%–90% of the capsaicinoids found in chili [2]. Capsaicin is the main capsaicinoid in chili. The evaluation of chili hotness using amperometric capsaicin biosensor based enzyme that was immobilized covalently to the surface of modified acrylic microspheres is firstly presented in this work. The immobilization of enzyme covalently to the surface of microspheres via succinimide groups prevented the leaching of the enzyme. The enzymatic reaction between horseradish peroxidase-capsaicin in the presence of hydrogen peroxide was mediated by vinyl ferrocene enables the current measurement at a low potential (0.22 V). The pungency level of chili is proportional to the capsaicin concentration that could be measured using this method. This biosensor gave a linear response range towards capsaicin from 0.75-24.94 µM (R2= 0.992) with detection limit of 0.39 µM. The relative standard deviation (RSD) for reproducibility study was 8.2 % (n=7). This biosensor was successfully applied for evaluation of chili hotness in chili sample and comparable to a standard method employing HPLC method.

Figure 1 Structure of capsaicin 1. Li, T.S.C. Vegetables and Fruits: Nutritional and Therapeutic Values; CRC Press: New York, NY, USA,

2006. 2. Hayman, M.; Kam, P.C.A. Curr. Anaesth. Crit. Care 2008, 19, 338. Rosmawani Mohammad Universiti Malaysia Kelantan Phone: +609 9477157 Fax: +609 9467158 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Chemical Sensor & Biosensor 2000-2003 B.Sc.(Chemical Technology) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2004-2007 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2007-2012 PhD (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2014-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Kelantan



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Marina Abdul Manaf*, Nurhanan Abdul Rahman

School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia

Persea Americana or avocado is an edible fruit that contains a variety of essential nutrients and important

phytochemicals such as carotenoid, phenolics and phytosterol. The creamy like texture of the avocado fruit makes it as excellent fat replacer in baked goods. Unlike butter, which contains saturated fat, avocado is rich in monounsaturated fat, which can enhance the nutritional properties of bakery products. Cake is a product obtained from flour, liquid and other raw materials through kneading the dough, fluffing and baking in an oven. Consumers are interested in the quality of cake, which depends not only on the taste and appearance, but also on the texture profile of the cake. The objective of this study was to investigate the texture profile analysis and the physical properties of plain shortened cake using avocado fruit puree as a partial replacement for fat in the cake formulation. The cake was prepared by replacing 0%, 10%, 30% and 50% of butter with avocado fruit puree. Texture profile analysis was determined using texture analyzer. The data was analysed using SPSS software (version 20). The result shows that there was a significant different in the crumb hardness of the cake. Generally, shortened cake made with avocado fruit puree were significantly softer (P < 0.05) than the control cake. The springiness of the crumb cake reached maximum at 10% addition of avocado fruit puree. The avocado fruit puree did not affect the cohesiveness in the least. The gumminess and chewiness of the cake increased with the increase addition of avocado fruit puree up to 30%. The result also indicated that there was a significant decrease (P < 0.05) in the volume of the cake at maximum level (50%) of avocado fruit puree. The result of colour analysis shows that the green colour of avocado fruit puree affected the colour of shortened cake. The lightness (L value) and yellowness (b value) of the crumb cake decreased significantly (P < 0.05) in accordance with increasing level of avocado fruit puree. In conclusion, avocado fruit puree can serve as potential fat substitute in cake product and thereby adding health benefits and nutritional value to baked products.

Marina Abdul Manaf Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +609-767 7617 Fax: +609-767 7515 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Food analysis 1997-1999 B.Sc.(Food Science& Technology) University of Tennessee 2001-2003 M.Sc. (Food Science) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2006-2009 Ph.D (Chemistry and Food Biochemistry), Universiti Putra

Malaysia 2009-present Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia



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Norli Abdullah*1, Mohd Ameer Aiman2, Hud Ramli2, Imran Syakir Mohamad2

1Centre for Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM),

Kem Sungai Besi, 57000, Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA 2Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Universiti Teknikal Malaysia Melaka (UTeM),

Hang Tuah Jaya, 76100 Durian Tunggal, Melaka, MALAYSIA

Over the past decade, nanofluids, which are liquids containing suspensions of nanoparticles (Figure. 1), have been reported to possess substantially higher thermal conductivity than anticipated from the effective medium theories. This makes them very attractive as heat transfer fluids in many applications for example as coolants in the automobile and electronics industries.

Thermal conductivity enhancement of water-based and coolant-based

fluids composed of multiwalled carbon nanotubes functionalised with hydroxyl group (CNT-OH) have been experimentally studied at various temperatures ranging from 6oC to 45oC. Stable and homogeneous nanofluids have been produced using polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) as the dispersing agent and physical agitation process using homogenizer and ultrasonicator. The results have shown that both nanofluids are stable up more than 100 hours with no sedimentation occur. The present of CNT-OH enhances the thermal conductivity and heat transfer of the nanofluids considerably. The enhancement increase in temperature and CNT-OH loading in both base fluids.

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1. Hwang, Y., Lee, J. K., Lee, J. K., Jeong, Y. M., Cheong, S., Ahn, Y. C. And Kim, S. H. (2008). PowderTechnology. Vol. 186. pp. 145-153.

2. Ojha, U. , Das, S. Chakraborty S.(2010), Journal ofMaterial Science Engineering Vol. 4 .pp 77-84. 3. Saidur, R., Leong, K. Y. and Mohammad, H. A. (2011). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews.

Vol.15. pp1646-1668

Dr. Norli Binti Abdullah National Defence University of Malaysia (NDUM) Phone: +6012 9428277 Fax: +60 390514300 E-mail: [email protected],[email protected] Research interests: Catalysis, Nanostructured Materials, Inorganic Chemistry 1997-2002 B.Sc. Hons (Petroleum Chemistry) UPM, Malaysia 2002-2004 M.Phil (Advanced Material) UM, Malaysia 2007-2012 Ph.D (Nanotechnology) UM, Malaysia 2012-present Lecturer, UPNM, Malaysia

Figure 2 Thermal conductivity of MWCNT-OH-OH in (a) deionised water and (b) ethylene glycol.

Figure 1Water based nanoparticles suspensions.



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Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi1*and Bavani Kasinathan1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia


Recognition of chiral molecules has been a great interest recently, due to its importance in the fields of

biomedical as well as pharmaceutical sciences1,2. It is well established that the contrary enantiomers of a chiral drug often differs significantly in its pharmacological, toxicological, pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic properties. Therefore, the aim of this work is to study the interaction between collagen and graphene in the composite in order to explain their effect in detecting the enantiomers of chiral drug. The exceptionally high mechanical strength, chemical durability, electrical conductivity and unique geometrical structure of graphene have attracted attention from various fields, including biological ones. However, the interactions with important biomolecules, have not been studied in detail. Collagen, the most abundant chiral, extracellular protein, was chosen as a possible biomolecule to fabricate a biocompatible composite material with graphene.This nanocomposite is believedcould competent in enhancing the chiral recognition properties of the chiral molecules3.Concerning to the potential of this nanocomposite, an electroanalysis studies has been carried out on the graphene/collagen matrix on glassy carbon electrode (GCE). An electrochemical studies and characterization in various parameters such as scan rates, temperatures, pH, concentrations, and multiple cycles have been carried out to evaluate its prospective as a promising chiral selector in electrochemical chiral recognition process. The physical properties of the nanocomposite have been characterized via microscopic as well as spectroscopic methods involving FTIR, UV-Vis, FESEM-EDAX, and AFM.

1. Guo, L.; Wang, D.; Xu, Y.; Qio, B.; Lin, Z.; Dai, H.; Yang, H. H.; Chen, G. Biosensors & Bioelectronics 2013, 47, 199

2. Zor, E.; Patir, I. H.; Bingol, H.; Ersoz, M.Biosensors & Bioelectronics 2013, 42, 321 3. Kataky, R.; Zawawi, R. Phy. chemistry chemical physics : PCCP 2010, 12, 9183

Dr. Ruzniza Mohd Zawawi Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +603-89471445 Fax: +603-89435380 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Electrochemistry, Chiral Sensors and Biosensors, Nano/biomaterials 1998-2002 B.Sc. (Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2003-2005 M.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2007-2010 Ph.D (Electrochemistry) Durham University, United Kingdom 2010-present Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia



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Hairul A. A. Hamid, AzaniSaleh and Norizan Ahmat

School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia

For many years, chemically synthesized surfactants have led directly the industrial applications1-4. However,

biosurfactants made from biomembrane of renewable based materials are gaining more attention due to their biodegradability, low toxicity, availability and biological activities5-8. Hence, this minireview highlights on several studies of the plant-based biosurfactants and their relatable applications.

1. Rybinski, W. V.; Guckenbiehl, B.; Tesmann, H. Colloids and Surfaces A 1998, 142, 333 2. Iglauer, S.; Wu, Y.; Shuler, P.; Tang, Y; Goddard III, W. A. Colloids and Surfaces A 2009, 339, 48 3. Savic, S.; Lukic, M.; Jaksic, I.; Reichl, S.; Tamburic, S. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science

2011, 358, 182 4. Rybinski, W. V. Current Opinion in Colloid & Interface Science 1996, 1, 587 5. Hunkel, M.; Muller, M. M.; Kugler, J. H.; Lovaglio, R. B.; Contiero, J.; Syldatk, C.; Hansmann, R.

Process Biochemistry 2012, 47, 1207 6. Marchant, R.; Banat, I. B. Trends in Biotechnology 2012, 30, 11 7. Kitamoto, D.; Morita, T.; Fukuoka, T.; Konishi, M.; Imura, T. Current Opinion in Colloid &

Interface Science 2009, 14, 315 8. Kitamoto, D.; Isoda, H.; Nakahara, T. Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering 2002, 94, 187

Mdm. Hairul Amani Abdul Hmaid School of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Malaysia Phone: +603 5543 6572 Fax: +603 55444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Membrane Biophysics and Foamed Polymeric Materials 1992 Diploma in Science, Institut Teknologi Mara,

Shah Alam, Malaysia 1995 Bachelor of Science (Hons.) in Chemistry,

University of Malaya, Malaysia 2002 Master of Science (Chemistry),

Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2003 -present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia



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M.A.A. Aziz1, A.A. Jalil1,2, S. Triwahyono3,4,*

1 Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

2Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia




The use of CO2 as a reactant could contribute to the decreaseof greenhouse gas emissions through chemical

recycling. Its use as chemical reactant (in parallel to its sequestration and storage) is limited at the moment to a few processes,although several studies on its catalytic conversion into liquid hydrocarbons have been performed. CO2 methanation remains the most advantageous reaction with respect to thermodynamics when compared to theproduction of other hydrocarbons or alcohols.The methane productioncan be inserted into a global scheme where decarbonizedelectricity, from solar or wind power, would be used in delocalizedflexible units to perform water electrolysis to produce hydrogenwhich would react with CO2 capture from emission sources. Hence,the methane produced can be used directly as a fuel, indirectly as anenergy source to generate electricity in a power plant or be injectedinto the existing natural gas network.1-3

In this study, mesostructured silica nanoparticles was synthesized by sol-gel method and was loaded with various loading of iron with 1-15 wt% of Fe. The catalysts were characterized by XRD, N2 physisorption, DR UV/VIS,29Si NMR and TEM studies. Catalytic testing was conducted in the temperature range of 573-673 K under atmospheric pressure in the presence of H2. From the result,the introduction of Fe in MSN altered the crystallanity and Si environment of MSN. At 653 K, it was found that 10Fe/MSN exhibited the highest activity of CO2 hydrogenation followed by 15Fe/MSN, 5Fe/MSN, 1Fe/MSN and MSN (Figure 1). The high activity of 10Fe/MSN is may be due to the balance of Fe and MSN surface sites. The Si environment in the catalysts may also affected their catalytic activity. Therefore, an appropriate amount of Fe in MSN is essential for high activity of CO2 hydrogenation.

1. P.A. Ussa Aldana, F. Ocampo, K. Kobl, B. Louis, F. Thibault-Starzyk, M. Daturi, P. Bazin, S. Thomas, A.C. Roger, Catal. Today 2013, 215, 201.

2. G. Centi, S. Perathoner, Catal. Today 2009, 148, 191. 3. E.E. Benson, C.P. Kubiak, A.J. Sathrum, J.M. Smieja, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2009, 38, 89.

Mr. Muhammad Arif Ab Aziz Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60197421753 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Heterogeneous catalysis, microporous/mesoporous materials 2005-2009 B.Eng.(Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2009-2011 M.Eng. (Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2011-present Ph.D (Chemical engineering) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

0

1

2

3

4

550 600 650 700

CO

2co

nve

rsio

n [

%]

Temperature [K]

MSN

1FeMSN

5FeMSN

10FeMSN

15FeMSN

Figure 1Catalytic testing of various Fe loading on MSN for CO2 hydrogenation



PO8 LLuummiinnooll FFuunnccttiioonnaalliizzeedd SSiilliicceeoouuss ZZeeoolliittee NNaannooppaarrttiiccllee aass CChheemmoosseennssoorr

ffoorr IIrroonn IIoonn DDeetteeccttiioonn

Norfariha Hassan and Zainab Ramli

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

The recognition and the sensing of cations have received considerable attention because of their important

roles in biological, environmental and industrial processes. In particular, the sensing of iron has gained attention due to its widely distributed in nature and also one of the important elements in biological and environmental systems. In this research, of luminol chemosensor based on solid support has been designed for detection of metal ions. The immobilization of luminol into nanosiliceous zeolite particle is demonstrated to investigate chemosensors property for detecting metal ions. Silicieous zeolite namely silicalite in nanoparticles sized has been chosen as solid support and synthesized hydrothermally. 3-(Triethoxysilyl)-propylamine (APTES) and glutaraldehyde were used as functionalization and bridging agent to immobilize luminol with silicalite. This luminol functionalized silicalite chemosensor changes colour from red to yellow in aqueous solution containing Fe3+ ions, which could be detected by the naked-eye at ppm level concentration of Fe3+ ions. The fluorescence result for this chemosensor shows the fluorescence quenching for Fe3+ in aqueous solution at λex= 372nm. Miss Norfariha Binti Hassan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia Phone: +6013 7143997 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2007-2010 Bachelor of Science (Industrial Chemistry), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia 2011-present MSc student at Faculty of Science (Chemistry),

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia



PO9 SSyynntthheessiiss && CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn OOff PPyyrrooggaallllooll--IImmpprriinntteedd PPoollyymmeerr vviiaa

PPrreecciippiittaattiioonn PPoollyymmeerriizzaattiioonn

Nor Amira Othman1*, Faizatul Shimal Mehamod1, Rusli Daik2*, Nurhartinie Jusoh1

1School of Fundamental Sciences,Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, MALAYSIA.

2 Faculty of Science and Technology,Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, MALAYSIA.

Molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) for extraction of pyrogallol molecule in herbs product was prepared

by using pyrogallol, methyl methacrylate, and divinylbenzene as template, functional monomer, and cross-linker, respectively. Structure of pyrogallol is shown in Figure 1. The imprinted pyrogallol (Py-IP) was synthesize via precipitation polymerization technique and were characterized by using Fourier Tranform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and UV-Visible Spectroscopy (Uv-Vis). The adsorption studies were carried out to quantify the efficiency of the Py-IP to absorb the pyrogallol. Results showed that, the maximum removal percentage of the template for Py-IP and non-IP were 78.22% and 45.19%, respectively. According to the results, Py-IP is more specific to recognize pyrogallol molecule compared to non-IP. The adsorption isotherms study has been conducted by Langmuir, Freundlich and Temkin isotherm models in order to fit the data obtained. The adsorption of pyrogallol by Py-IP follows the Langmuir isotherm model

1. Fang, L.Q.; Zhu, Y. Modern Chem. Industry. 2012, 32:57-62. 2. Nicalescsu, T.V.; Meouche, W. Jur. Polymer Revolution. 2012, 9:1-12.

Ms. Nor Amira Othman Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: 017 9403581 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry 2008-2011 B.Eng.(Chemistry) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia 2014-present M.Eng (Chemistry) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia

Figure 1 Structure of Pyrogallol



PO10 MMeellaannooiiddiinn AAnnaallyyssiiss iinn CCoonnvveennttiioonnaall PPaallmm OOiill MMiillll EEfffflluueenntt PPoonnddiinngg

SSyysstteemm aanndd iittss RReemmoovvaall uussiinngg CCaallcciiuumm LLaaccttaattee

Azreen Ibrahim*, Abu Zahrim Yaser, Chong Soon Hing, Ng Swea Chwen

Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Sabah, Malaysia

Colour removal from wastewater is among the major challenge in water and wastewater treatment. Among

others, melanoidin could be the source of colour in wastewater. In this study, the analysis of melanoidin concentration in conventional palm oil mill effluent (POME) ponding system was investigated. Melanoidin was analysed by detecting its absorption using double beam UV-Vis spectrophotometer.For melanoidin, the maximum absorption is 330nm1 . All melanoidins absorb strongly in the 260-290nm region. From the analysis, the melanoidin concentration decrease from anaerobic pond 1 to anaerobic pond 3 and slightly increase in anaerobic pond 4 and aerobic pond 1. After that, the melanoidin concentration decreased from aerobic pond 1 to final discharge. It is estimated that the anaerobic pond 1 had the highest melanoidin concentration which was 87.3mg/L. Finally, the effectiveness of melanoidin removal using a coagulation/flocculation process was also studied. Calcium lactate was used as a coagulant and low molecular weight anionic polyacrylamide was used as a coagulant aid.The jar test experiment was carried out by using 0.3g/L calcium lactate solution and dosage of anionic polyacrylamide was altered in order to find out the best melanoidin removal.Experiments carried out by using sedimentation time of 20 minutes showed that the highest percentage removal of melanoidin was 80.93% at the dosage of 0.3g/L of calcium lactate without any anionic polyacrylamide being added. This result concluded that the addition of anionic polyacrylamide as coagulant aids is not significant when it compared to the use of calcium lactate only. Mrs. Azreen Ibrahim Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Phone: +6013 8567067 Fax: +6088 320348 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Engineering, Chemistry 1998-2003 B.Eng.(Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Petronas, Malaysia 2004-2006 M.Environment, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2008-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (UMS), Malaysia



PO11 MMeecchhaanniissmmss ooff AAnnttaaggoonniissmm ooff PPsseeuuddoommoonnaass aaeerruuggiinnoossaa TToowwaarrddss PPllaanntt

PPaatthhooggeenn PPhheelllliinnuuss nnooxxiiuuss

Yanti Yaacob1,2*

1Department of Biology Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Teknologi MARA 40450 Shah Alam Selangor Malaysia

2 Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Teknologi MARA Tapah Campus 35400 Tapah Road Perak Malaysia

Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 10145) is a gram negative bacterium which naturally colonized the soil

and can act as an antagonist for the plant pathogen, Phellinus noxius. P.aeruginosa can be used in agriculture as biological agents. A study was done to characterize the probable mechanisms of antagonism of P.aeruginosa towards P.noxius. Application of P.aeruginosa as an antagonist will decrease the environmental pollution and can act as an alternative to fungicides. P.noxius is a plant pathogen that causes brown rot root disease that was observed in teak plantations of Sabak Bernam in Selangor, Kuala Kangsar in Perak, Sik in Kedah and Lendu in Malacca1. The plantation industry will be affected if no measures are taken to control or manage it. Mycoparasitim, a probable mechanism of antagonism of antagonist towards a pathogen, can be determined by light and scanning electron microscopy and results have shown that P.aeruginosa anatagonised P.noxius by adhesion, colonization and shrinkage of the pathogen hyphae therefore affecting the growth of the pathogen’s hyphae.Antibiosis by agar well diffusion bioassay showed that P.aeruginosa responded well by producing 2.1 cm clear zones on mycelia.of P.noxius. These results indicated that suppression of P.aeruginosa was due to secondary metabolites in the culture filtrate. P.aeruginosa produced the widest zone of inhibition (4.8 cm) when methanolic extracts of P.aeruginosa were used. This methanolic extraction was done to screen antifungal compounds and secondary metabolites produced by P.aeruginosa. The methanolic extracts of P.aeruginosa were then analyzed using GC-MS to determine the probable compounds. Pyrrolo[1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro-, a secondary metabolite and Acetophenone, 4’-amino-, a fungicide metabolite were produced by P.aeruginosa. This study showed P.aeruginosa was a good antagonist which can shrink and stunt the pathogen hyphae and produced secondary metabolites such as Pyrrolo [1,2-a]pyrazine-1,4-dione,hexahydro- and Acetophenone, 4’-amino- which were found to inhibit growth of P.noxius. Ms. Yanti Binti Yaacob University Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +6017 6287403 Fax: +605 3742222 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biology, Biomolecular, Microbiology and Agriculture 2005-2008 Diploma in Microbiology University Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam, Malaysia 2008-2010 BSc (Hons) Biomolecular Science University Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam, Malaysia 2010-2014 Master in Science (Biology) University Teknologi MARA,

Shah Alam, Malaysia 2014-present Lecturer (Biology) in University Teknologi MARA,

Tapah Campus, Perak Darul Ridzuan



PO12 EEvvaalluuaattiioonn ooff 22--AAmmiinnoo AAcceettaattee BBeennzzootthhiiaazzoollee CCoommpplleexxeess aass

PPhhoottoossttaabbiilliizzeerr ffoorr PPVVCC

Emad Yousif1,2*, Rahimi M. Yusop1, Hadeel Adil2, Ahmed Ahmed2,Nadia Salih1, Jumat Salimon1

1School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2Department of Chemistry, College of Science, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq

The photostabilization of poly(vinyl chloride) (PVC) films by 2-amino acetate benzothiazole with Sn(II), Cd(II), Ni(II), Zn(II) and Cu(II) complexes was investigated. The PVC films containing concentration of complexes 0.5% by weight were produced by the same casting method from tetrahydrofuran (THF) solvent. The photostabilization activities of these compounds were determined by monitoring the carbonyl, polyene and hydroxyl indices with irradiation time. The changes in viscosity average molecular weight of PVC with irradiation time were also tracked (using THF as a solvent). The quantum yield of the chain scission (Φcs) of these complexes in PVC films was evaluated and found to range between 4.3910-8 and 8.2210-8. Results obtained showed that the rate of photostabilization of PVC in the presence of the additive follows the trend: Sn(L)2 > Cd(L)2 > Ni(L)2 > Zn(L)2 > Cu(L)2. According to the experimental results obtained, several mechanisms were suggested depending on the structure of the additive. Among them HCl scavenging, UV absorption, peroxide decomposer and radical scavenger for photostabilizer additives mechanisms were suggested

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

0 50 100 150 200 250 300

Irradation Time(hrs)

Ico

PVC+Sn(H)2

PVC+Cd(H)2

PVC+Ni(H)2

PVC+Zn(H)2

PVC+Cu(H)2

PVC

1. Yousif, E., Adil, H. & Farina, Y., Journal of Applied Sciences Research. 2010, 6(7): 879. 2. Yousif, E., Salih, N., Salimon, J.. Journal of Applied Polymer Science. 2011, 120, 2207. 3. Braun, D., 2004.. J. Polym. Sci. A Polym. Chem. 2004,42: 578.

Emad Yousif Department of Chemistry, College of Science, AL-Nahrain University, Baghdad, Iraq E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry 2000-2004 Ph D (Chemistry) AL-Nahrain University, Iraq 1996-1997 M Sc (Chemistry) AL-Nahrain University, Iraq 1996-1997 M Sc (Chemistry) Baghdad University, Iraq 2008-present Associate professor AL-Nahrain University, Iraq

Figure 1:The relationship between the carbonyl index and irradiation time for PVC films (30 m thickness) containing different additives. Concentration of additives is fixed at 0.5% by weight.



PO13 DDeetteeccttiioonn ooff MMoorrpphhiinnee aanndd CCooddeeiinnee iinn HHuummaann UUrriinnee aafftteerr WWhhiittee PPooppppyy

SSeeeedd CCoonnssuummppttiioonn

Nurhanis Husna Md Nadza1, Khairulmazidah Mohamed1,2*

1Department of Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia

2Institute of Forensic Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia

Poppy seed, which comes from the opium poppy (Papaver somniferum) plant, is commonly used in dishes

and pastries all over the world, including Malaysia. Poppy seed has been debated for its alkaloid content, which normally should not be present1. However, during the harvesting of the poppy seed, it can be contaminated, either being coated by or absorbed the milky latex, that is situated inside the poppy pod, that contains opium. Studies show that urinalysis following poppy seed consumption results shows positive toxicology result for morphine and codeine2-6. In Malaysia, the use of white poppy seed or locally known as ‘kas-kas’ is very common especially in curry-based food. This study was done to detect and identify morphine, codeine and their metabolites in human urine after white poppy seed consumption. First, white poppy seed that was purchased from local store was analysed for its morphine and codeine content. Result showed that morphine and codeine was detected in the extract of white poppy seed. Six volunteers were then given 2g of white poppy seed to ingest, and their urine samples were collected at every 1 hour interval for eight hours. Gas chromatography was used for the identification of opiates present in the urine specimen. Prior to GC/MS and sample extraction, urine specimen was hydrolysed in concentrated HCl. Extraction of opiates from urine specimens was done via solid-phase extraction. For the GC/MS analysis, the extract was derivatised using BSTFA to improve volatility of the compounds. Following poppy seed ingestion, samples from two out of the six volunteers were detected positive for morphine, up until the 8th hour. Codeine was only detected in one urine sample. However, codeine metabolite, norcodeine was detected in four of the urine samples. All three alkaloids were identified by GC/MS as their TMS-derivative due to the derivatisation.

1. European Food Safety Authority. EFSA Journal 2011, 9, 11, 2405. 2. Casella, G.; Wu, A.H.B.; Shaw, B.R.; Hill, D.W. J. of Anal. Tox.1997,21. 3. Jankovicova, K.; Ulbrich, P.; Fuknova, M. Legal Med. 2009, 11, S416. 4. Meadway, C.; George, S.; Braithwaite, R. Forensic Sci. Int.2002, 127, 136. 5. Moeller, M.R.; Hammer, K.; Engel, O. Forensic Sci. Int. 2004, 143 (2-3), 183. 6. Sproll, C.; Perz, R.C.; Lachenmeier, D.W. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2006, 54, 5292.

Ms. Nurhanis Husna Md Nadza Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +6017686 8195 Fax: +60355444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Forensic Science 2012-2014 BSc.Chemistry (Forensic Analysis) UiTM, Malaysia



PO14 TThheeoorreettiiccaall SSttuuddiieess oonn tthhee IInntteerraaccttiioonn bbeettwweeeenn CCaaffffeeiinnee aanndd

MMeetthhaaccrryylliicc AAcciidd

Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, Ku Halim Ku Bulat, Nur Nurul Mohamad

School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

Ab initio molecular orbital studies using Gaussian 09 at the theoretical level of DFT B3LYP/6-31 (d,p) were

used to optimize the number of functional monomers and their binding site with the template, caffeine. Based on the SCF energies of the complexes and their individual SCF energies of the molecule involved, the interaction energies were evaluated. In this theoretical and experimental studies, the molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) were prepared with different ratios of template to monomer, 1:3, 1:4 and 1:5. The MIPs synthesized via precipitation polymerization1 produced homogenous spherical beads distribution where the complex 1:3 gave the best. Theoretical studies support this experimental finding where the complex 1:3 gave the highest interaction energy, -45.29 kJ/mol followed by 1:4, -43.52 kJ/mol and 1:5, -43.11 kJ/mol.

1. Cormack,P. A. G.; Zurutuza-ElorzaA.J. Chromatogr. B., 2004, 804, 173-182. Dr. Faizatul Shimal binti Mehamod Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +6013 9668139 Fax: +6096683326 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Sensor 1997-2000 BSc. (Chemistry), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2001-2003 MSc. (Polymer Chemistry), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2007-2011 PhD. (Polymer Chemistry), University of Strathclyde, UK 2011-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Terengganu



PO15 PPoollyyccyycclliicc AArroommaattiicc HHyyddrrooccaarrbboonnss ((PPAAHHss)) bbaasseedd oonn WWeeaatthheerr

CCoonnddiittiioonnss ooff PPeennggkkaallaann CChheeppaa RRiivveerr,, KKeellaannttaann,, MMaallaayyssiiaa

Noor Zuhartini Md Muslim1*, Seyedreza Hashemi Babaheidari1and Mohamad Pauzi Zakaria2

1School of Health Sciences, Health Campus, Universiti Sains Malaysia, 16150 Kubang Kerian, Kelantan 2Faculty of Environmental Studies,Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor

Pengkalan Chepa River, located in the Northeast Coast of Peninsular Malaysia, endures pollution loads from

the surrounding urban area, sewage treatment, and industrial garages and workshops. This research focused on the characterization of PAHs that contributed to suspended solid (SS) in the Pengkalan Chepa River during the rainy season, rainy day and sunny day. Total concentrations of PAHs in SS during the rainy day ranged from 323.5-1153.1 ng/g dry weight (dw); 7421.2-1786.7 ng/g dw, rainy season; and 353.7-560.8 ng/g dw, sunny day. According to the diagnostic ratios of ∑LMW/∑HMW, Flu/(Flu+Pyr), An/(An+Phe), FLT/(FLT+Pyr), and IcdP/(IcdP+BghiP), pyrogenic, fossil fuel combustion, petrogenic and combustion of grass,wood, and coal were the main source types during the rainy season. On rainy day, the main source types were pyrogenic, fossil fuel combustion, and petroleum combustion. On the other hand, petrogenic, pyrogenic, fossil fuel combustion, and petroleum combustion were the main sourceson sunny day. Dr. Noor Zuhartini Md Muslim Universiti Sains Malaysia Phone: +6097677785 Fax: +6097677515 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Chemical and Biosensor

1993-1997 BSc (Hons) Chemistry, Carleton University, Canada 2002-2005 MSc Chemistry, Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia 2005-2009 PhD. Chemistry, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 2009-present Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM), Malaysia



PO16 AAnn iinn ssiittuu ddaannssyyllaattiioonn bbaasseedd oonn iioonniicc lliiqquuiidd uullttrraassoouunndd aassssiisstteedd ddiissppeerrssiivvee lliiqquuiidd––lliiqquuiidd mmiiccrroo eexxttrraaccttiioonn ((IILL--UUSSAA--DDLLLLMMEE)) ffoorr

ddeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff bbiiooggeenniicc aammiinneess

Solehatun Binti Mhd Bani*, Mardiana Saaid

Faculty of Applied Sciences,Universiti Teknologi Mara, Shah Alam,Malaysia

An in situ derivatization combined with ionic liquid- based ultrasound assisted dispersive liquid–liquid micro extraction (IL-USA-DLLME) was developed for the extraction of seven biogenic amines (BAs) in foods. BAs were derivatized in situ with dansyl chloride and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (extraction solvent) was dispersed into the aqueous sample solution as fine droplets by ultrasonication. Acetonitrile was used as disperser solvent respectively. The factors affecting the extraction efficiency, such as the dansylation condition, volume of ionic liquid, ultrasonication time and extraction temperature have been optimized. Analyte was injected into high-performance liquid chromatographycoupled with DAD detector after extraction and centrifugation. The proposed method was linear over 0.1-150 mg/L with a correlation coefficient of 0.987-0.999. The limits of detection and quantification based on signal to noise ratio ranges from 0.06-0.3 mg/L and 0.19 -0.99 mg/L, respectively. The relative standard deviations for inter-day and intra-day assay were found to be less than 5%. Relative recoveries ranging from 78.3 to 114% were established using mango juice, tempe and sardine sample. The developed method was found to be suitable, sensitive, rapid, convenient, green, and cost-effective. Ms. Solehatun Binti Mhd Bani UniversitiTeknologi Mara, Shah Alam,Malaysia Phone: 017-2323586 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests Analytical Chemistry, Separation Chemistry 2004-2007 Diploma in MicrobiologyUiTMShah Alam, Malaysia 2007-2010 B.Sc.(Hons) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis)UiTMShah Alam,

Malaysia 2011-current Master Degree (research) UiTMShah Alam,Malaysia



PO17 In vitro Cytocompatibility of Synthetic Calcium Phosphate Powder on

L929 Fibroblast Cell

S. Ibrahim, M. A. Marzuke, Z. H. Hussin, N. S. Kader Bashah Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Lot 34, Jalan Hi-Tech 2/3, Kulim Hi-Tech Park,

09000 Kulim, Kedah Darul Aman, Malaysia.

In this study, the effects of a synthetic biphasic calcium phosphate powder (BCP) on cytocompatibility using L929 fibroblast cells as an in vitro model have been investigated and compared with the commercial hydroxyapatite (HA) and tricalcium phosphate (TCP). BCP was synthesized using wet synthesis technique at certain Ca:P ratio and sintered in atmospheric condition to obtain both HA and TCP peaks simultaneously. The results showed that all materials BCP, HA and TCP were non-toxic and biocompatible on L929 cells. The levels in Alamar Blue assay study of all materials were more than 90% cell viable at all concentration tested. Discrete intracytoplamic granules, no cell lysis and no reduction of cell growth was observed qualitatively using MEM elution of all materials. Observations of L929 cells exposed to BCP, HA and TCP showed cells to be viable and excellently differentiate, and they were proliferating and growing well from day 1 to 7 of incubation. It is demonstrated that BCP is comparable with commercial HA and TCP. These results suggest that BCP has osteoinductive property, and could be beneficial for biomedical application due to combination of a balanced rate between more stable (HA) and more soluble (TCP) phase in body environment. Mrs. Shirin Ibrahim Advanced Materials Research Centre (AMREC), SIRIM Berhad, Malaysia Phone: +604 4017100 Fax: +604 4033225 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Cytotoxicity and biocompatibility study, Microbial Bioburden, Ceramic materials 1998-2001 BSc. (Biology) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM),

Malaysia 2003-present Researcher at AMREC, SIRIM Berhad, Malaysia 2010-2014 MSc. (Molecular Biology), Universiti Sains Malaysia (USM),

Malaysia



PO18 OOppttiiccaall aanndd PPhhoottooeelleeccttrroocchheemmiiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff TTiittaanniiaa NNaannoottuubbeess

AAnnooddiizzeedd iinn DDiiffffeerreenntt EElleeccttrroollyyttiicc MMeeddiiuumm

Lim Ying Chin1,*, Zulkarnain Zainal2, Mohd Zobir Hussein3, Tan Wee Tee2

1 Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang, Malaysia

3 Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Highly ordered, vertically oriented and high aspect ratio of titania nanotubes (TNT) thin films are of great

scientific interest due to their high surface area, fewer interfacial grain boundaries and excellent charge transfer between interfaces; all are critical properties in photoelectrochemical and photocatalysis application. In this study, TNT electrodes were synthesized by anodization of pure Ti in a standard two-electrode cell containing 0.5 wt.% NH4F in different electrolytic medium namely the acidic aqueous solution (NH4F/H2O), mixture of aqueous-organic solution (NH4F/H2O/EG) and an organic neutral solution (NH4F/EG). The structural, optical and photoelectrochemical properties of TNT were characterized using X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV Visible Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy (UV-DRS) and Linear Sweep Photovoltammetry (LSPV) and their photoefficiency was evaluated in 0.1 M KOH under both halogen and UV illumination. The absorbance response for all as-anodized samples exhibited lower absorption in visible region, whereas the calcined counterparts showed a red shift and stronger absorption in the wavelength between 500-700 nm ascribed to the surface colour and changes in crystalline structure of TNT. TNT formed by anodization of Ti in NH4F/H2O solution has the highest direct band gap of 3.34 eV due to quantization effect of nanosized titania. However, the lowest photocurrent generated was found for TNT anodized in NH4F/H2O and a twofold and fivefold increase on the magnitude of photocurrent was recorded for those formed in NH4F/H2O/EG and NH4F/EG solution, respectively. Morphology and geometry of TNT are important factors influencing the photoelectrochemical properties, with highest photoefficiency of 2.79% were obtained for TNT formed in NH4F/EG due to the formation of longer length tube.

-0.2

0.0

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0.4

0.6

0.8

1.0

-0.4 0.0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2.0

Potential, E versus Ag/AgCl

Cur

rent

den

sity

(m

A/c

m2 )

C5TNT/EG

Figure 1: Titania nanotubes Figure 2: Photocurrent potential curve for TNT sample Dr. Lim Ying Chin Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam Phone: +6012 208 5888 Fax: +63 5544 4562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Materials Chemistry 1997-2001 B.Sc with Edu. (Chemistry), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2001-2002 M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2002-2003 Lecturer at Nilai University 2004-2012 Lecturer at INTEC, Universiti Teknologi MARA Section 17 2009-2013 PhD (Materials Science), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) 2012-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia

Dark current

Photo current



PPOO1199 OOzzoonnaattiioonn ooff aacceebbuuttoollooll iinn aaqquueeoouuss ssoolluuttiioonn:: OOzzoonnaattiioonn bbyy--pprroodduuccttss aanndd

ddeeggrraaddaattiioonn ppaatthhwwaayy

Kheng Soo Tay*, Norfazrina Madehi

Environmental Research Group, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sceince, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Ozonation is one of the common methods for pollutant removal and disinfection in water treatment. The

reaction between the ozone and organic pollutants involves complex oxidation pathway which may lead to the formation of various ozonation by-products1. In some cases, toxic ozonation by-products may be produced2. In this study, the ozonation by-products of acebutolol, one of the common pharmaceutical pollutants, were identified. The mechanisms for the transformation of acebutolol during ozonation were elaborated. In this study, ozonation was carried out at pH 2 (with the presence of radical scavenger), 7 and 12, in order to study the role of the ozone (O3) and hydroxyl radical (•OH) in the transformation of acebutolol. Structure elucidation of the ozonation by-products was carried out using HPLC coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight high resolution mass spectrometry. Sixteen ozonation by-products were identified, of which fifteen have never been reported elsewhere. Based on the detected ozonation by-products, acebutolol can be degraded by both O3 and •OH. When the O3 itself becomes a reactive species, the transformation of the acebutolol proceeded via the reaction between the O3 and the aromatic ring of the acebutolol to form the aromatic ring hydroxylated and aromatic ring opening by-products. Without the radical scavenger, ozonation at pH 7 and 12 showed that the transformation of the acebutolol proceeded via the involvement of the •OH and different aliphatic chain degraded and hydroxylated by-products were detected.

.

1. von Gunten, U. Water Res. 2003, 37, 1443. 2. Ikehata, K., Naghashkar, N.J., El-Din, M.G.Ozone-Sci. Eng.2006, 28, 353.

Dr. Kheng Soo Tay University of Malaya, Malaysia Phone: +603-79677022 Ext 2145 Fax: +603-79674193 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Water treatment, Environmental Chemistry, Organic Geochemistry

2000-2003 BSc (Applied Chemistry) University of Malaya 2004-2007 MSc (Environmental Chemistry) University of Malaya 2008-2011 PhD (Environmental Chemistry) University of Malaya 2012-present Lecturer at University of Malaya, Malaysia

Scheme 1 Proposed mechanism for the degradation of acebutolol through O3 reaction pathway.



PO20 EEffffeecctt ooff ssiillvveerr ooxxiiddee nnaannooppaarrttiicclleess aaddddiittiioonn oonn ssttrruuccttuurree aanndd cchhaarraacctteerriissttiiccss ooff rraaddiioo--pphhoottoolluummiinneesscceennccee ggllaassss ddoossiimmeetteerr

Irman Abdul Rahman1*, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob1,2, Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd1, Ainee

Fatimah Ahmad1, Shamellia Sharin1, Faizal Mohamed1, Sidek Ab Aziz2, Shahidan Radiman1

1School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science & Technology (FST), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

2Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

The radio-photoluminescent glass dosimeter (RPLGD) was developed in the late 1950s while the reading

technology was not sensitive enough to measure the low radiation dose and glass element sensitivity to radiation was also quite low. In recent years, the development of advance RPLGD with a good reproducibility of readout values, long stability, low energy dependence, better dose linearity and capability of repeatable readouts. It could be one of the most important radiation dose measurement instruments in near future. Hence, a series of phosphate glass was prepared by melt quenching method. The effect of addition of silver nanoparticles on phosphate glass on structural, composition and characteristics has been investigated using X-ray diffraction, fourier transform infrared, energy dispersive X-ray and optical absorption. From the light absorption characteristics of the glasses it was established that they possess a very well expressed transmittance in the ultraviolet and visible optical regions. Other physical properties, such as density and molar volume are also evaluated. Furthermore, a correlation between the properties investigated and glass composition is performed. Dr. Irman Abdul Rahman Universiti Kebangsaan Malasia, Malaysia Phone: +603 8921 3353 Fax: +6038921 3777 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biophysics and Radiobiology PhD (Exeter, 2008) BSc (UKMalaysia)



PO21 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff CCaaffffeeiinnee--IImmpprriinntteedd PPoollyymmeerr vviiaa

RRAAFFTT aanndd CCoonnvveennttiioonnaall PPoollyymmeerriizzaattiioonn

Faizatul Shimal Mehamod, Noor Fadilah Yusof

School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Terengganu, Malaysia

In this study, molecularly imprinted polymers (MIPs) for selective recognition of caffeine are described.

MIPs are produced by imprinting process in which leaves cavities in polymer matrix with selective to a specific target molecule, as shown in Figure 1. The polymer were prepared in monolithic form via both reversible addition-fragmentation chain-transfer (RAFT) polymerization and conventional free radical polymerization, using methacrylic acid and ethylene glycol dimethacrylate as the functional monomer and crosslinking agent, respectively. The potential benefits in applying RAFT polymerization techniques towards the synthesis of MIPs are explored and elucidated. Morphological, porosimetry and molecular recognition properties of the prepared MIPs were characterized by using scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen sorption porosimetry and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), respectively. Molecular imprinting effects were confirmed by analyzing the relative retentions of analytes on imprinted and non-imprinted HPLC stationary phase. It was found that a caffeine-imprinted polymer synthesized by RAFT polymerization was superior to a polymer prepared using a conventional synthetic approach by giving the imprinting factor value of 1.5 and found to be higher for column efficiency.

1. Mishra, V. ; Kumar, R. J. of Sci Research 2012, 56. 2. Turiel, E. ; Barahona, F. ; Cormack, P.A.G. ; Martin-Esteban, A. J. of Separation Sci. 2004, 34, 2. 3. Perez, M.N. ; Mayes, A.G. A. Chimica Acta, 2004, 504. 4. Meizhan, Y. Polymer 2004, 43. 5. Du, Z.X. ; Liu, H. ; Fu, Z.F. ; Yang, W.T. C. Chem. Letters 2006, 17,4.

Noor Fadilah binti Yusof Universiti Malaysia Terengganu Phone: +60194503454 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry 2010-2013 BSc. (Chemical Sciences), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu 2013-present Student in MSc. (Chemistry), Universiti Malaysia Terengganu

Monomers Cross-linker

Template (Caffeine)

Polymerization

Template extraction

Figure 1 Schematic representation of molecular imprinting process

RAFT or Conventional



PO22 AAddssoorrppttiioonn ooff AAnniioonniicc DDyyeess ffrroomm AAqquueeoouuss SSoolluuttiioonnss bbyy CCaallcciinneedd aanndd

UUnnccaallcciinneedd MMgg//AAll LLaayyeerreedd DDoouubbllee HHyyddrrooxxiiddee

S.Mariam Sumari, Zaini Hamzah and Nesamalar Kantasamy

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA

40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, MALAYSIA


The uptake of Acid Blue 29 (AB29), Reactive Orange 16 (RO16) and Reactive Red 120 (RR120), from

aqueous solutions by calcined and uncalcined Mg/Al layered double hydroxides (LDHs)has been investigated. The adsorption process was conducted in a batch mode at 25 oC. The adsorption of anionic dyes was more efficient using the calcined form of LDH than the uncalcined form.The adsorption process took place via the reconstruction and hydration of the calcined LDH and involved the intercalation and adsorption of AB29, RO16 and RR120. Physical characterization using XRD, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and FTIR were used to ascertain the 'memory effect' phenomenon, that is structural reconstruction to regain its original LDH after rehydration.To gain insight into the mechanism of adsorption by CLDH, the pseudo-first order (PFO) and pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetic models were used. Based on the correlation coefficient (R2), the PSO has better fitting (R2= 0.987-1.00) than PFO (R2= 0.867-0.990). Furthermore the values of maximum adsorption capacity, (qe) calculated from PSO model are consistent with the experimental qe indicating that the experimental kinetic data for AB29,RO16 and RR120 adsorption by CLDH are suitable for this model.The possibility of recycling of the adsorbent was also investigated and evaluated by the percentage of dye removal using the same adsorbent used in the consecutive cycles. Recycling of the adsorbent, in cycles of calcination and reconstruction in dye solution, showed a varying degree of decrease depending on the dyes (between around 38-15%) in the percentage of dye removal in the 2nd cycle while regeneration up to the 5th cycle was still possible. Therefore, it can be concluded that calcined Mg/Al-LDH is suitable for the removal of higher dye concentrations while the uncalcined LDH is more suited to lower dye concentrations. Recycling for reuse can be considered promising for LDH adsorbents for anionic dyes. Keywords: calcined, adsorption capacity, reconstruction, memory effect, regeneration.



PO23 PPhhyyssiiccaall aanndd EElleeccttrroocchheemmiiccaall CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff CCoommppoossiittee PPoollyymmeerr

EElleeccttrroollyytteess UUssiinngg MMGG3300 BBaasseedd PPoollyymmeerr EElleeccttrroollyyttee

Nurul Ilham Adam1,2*, Abdul Malik Marwan Bin Ali1, Muhd Zu Azhan Bin Yahya3

1Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak, Cawangan Tapah,Malaysia. 2Universiti Teknologi MARA Shah Alam, Shah Alam,Selangor Malaysia.

3Universiti Pertahanan National Malaysia,Malaysia

Composite polymer electrolytes (CPE) are one of the most promising ways to improve the physical and an

electrochemical property of polymer electrolytes system by adding inorganic fillers. It has been well established that the addition of this fillers can improves the physical and electrical properties of polymer electrolytes. This improvement can effect in ionic conductivity that can explained by enhanced the degree of amorphousity of the polymer chain or hindered recrystallization.Therefore, in this work, the inorganic nano-sized fillers of silicon oxide (SiO2) and aluminum oxide (Al2O3) were introduced into the 30% of poly methyl methacrylate (PMMA)-grafted natural rubber (MG30) doped with lithium triflate (LiTf) to produce a CPE and expected will improve the physical and electrical properties.Several methods were employed to characterize the physical and electrical properties of the prepared samples such as Fourier transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Impedance spectroscopy (I.S) and Linear Sweep Voltammetric (LSV).

1. Agnihotry, S.A., Ahmad, S., Gupta, D. and Ahmad, S. (2004 Electrochimica Acta, 49, 2343-2349. 2. Ahn, S.H., Lee, D.K., Seo, J.A., Kim, J.H. and Lee, K.B. (2010). Ionics, 16, 475–480. 3. Ali, A.M.M., Subban, R.H.Y., Bahron, H., Winie, T., Latif, F., and Yahya, M.Z.A. (2008). Ionics, 14, 491-

500. 4. Ali, A.M.M., Yahya, M.Z.A., Bahron, H., and Subban, R.H.Y. (2006). Ionics, 12, 303-307. 5. Amstrong, R.D 1974, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry 52,413-419. 6. Armand, M. and Tarascon, J.M. (2008. Nature, 451, 652-657.

Mrs Nurul Ilham Binti Adam Universiti Teknologi MARA Perak,Cawangan Tapah,Perak,Malaysia. Phone: +61 7 4107663 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Electrolytes,Lithium Polymer Batteries. 2006-2009 Bachelor of Science Hons Physics,UiTM,Malaysia. 2010-2013 Master of Science (Physics-Research),UiTM,Malaysia. 2013-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia



PO24 CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn aanndd DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn SSeelleecctteedd ppllaanntt wwaaxxeess ssppeecciieess

Nur Syairah Dagang, Norhayati Mohd Tahir

School of Marine Science and environment, University Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

A study has been carried out to compare molecular distribution of homologous aliphatic lipid compounds (n-

alkanes) in leaves waxes of terrestrial plant waxes and aquatic plant waxes. The leaves collected were dipped in dichloromethane (DCM) solvent and were concentrated into hexane solvent followed by fractionation using silica-alumina column. Identification and quantification of n-alkanes was carried out using gas chromatography–flame ionization detector (GC-FID). Results were indicated that the major aliphatic hydrocarbons found in leaves waxes were characterized by n-alkanes range from C12-C36. All samples exhibited an odd to even carbon predominance with carbon preference index (CPI25-35) larger than 1. The CPI for samples in terrestrial plant at ranged 1.11-3.53 and aquatic plant waxes ranged 1.03-1.74. In the mostly species studied the major n-alkanes was found to be C33, C31, C29, and C27 respectively. In generally, the CPI > 1 indicates n-alkanes derived from terrestrial plant waxes and thus it provides a particular signature of terrestrial plant wax that can be found the study areas. The n-alkanes exhibit CPI value which is characteristic of a biogenic origin. In addition, aquatic plant waxes species displayed enhanced abundances of mid-chain length, C23 and C25n-alkanes.The proxy ratio (Paq), for sample in terrestrial plant waxes at ranged 0.11-0.19 andaquatic plant waxes at ranged 0.18-0.33. In conclusion, dipped of plant leaves generated aliphatic but their distribution was influenced by the tree species. Furthermore, for further study we will continue for find out any unique biomarker for all of plants species. Ms. Nur Syairah Dagang University Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +613 973 1678 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Chemistry 2009-2012 B.Sc. (Chemistry) University Malaysia Sarawak, Malaysia 2014-present Postgraduate Student, University Malaysia Terengganu



PO25 Stability Study of Double Based Propellants in Bullets

Norzubaidha Ismail1, Razali Ismail1, Mohd Hishamudin Tahar2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

2Maktab Teknik PDRM MuarBatu 6, Jalan Bakri 84200 Muar Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

The use of nitrated cellulose as a smokeless propellant in small arms has been discovered in 1845. Nitrocellulose-base propellants are unstable materials that decompose on aging as nitrogen oxides. Many substances had been used to stabilize nitrocellulose-base propellants, but by far the most widely used substance is diphenylamine (DPA). The stability of diphenylamine as the stabilizer used in the bullets was investigated for diagnosing the suitable storage condition. A study was conducted to determine the effect of humidity and temperature to the stability of the propellant. Artificial ageing was conducted at various temperatures and duration. Temperature was chosen by differences of 10°C. Propellant samples were subjected to ageing at 85°C, 75°C and 65°C in a flask covered with aluminium foil. The propellants samples were then extracted in acetonitrile, the supernatant was filtered and the stabilizer content was determined using reversed-phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Real bullet samples were stored according to the ageing conditions and the performance were measured against the existing storage condition. From this study, the performance of stored propellants can be assessed in order to provide better understanding on how environmental factors affect the stability of propellants. The results obtained can ensure the safety and suitability of the propellants to be used by the Royal Malaysian Police (PDRM).

1. Chovancová M. et.al. Problemy Techniki Uzbrojenia(2006), 35, 7-14. 2. Chris Van Driel and Wim De Klerk. 19th International Symposium of Ballistics, 2001. 3. Department of Defense, MIL-STD-286B, 2010, Method 201.4.2

Mrs. Norzubaidha Ismail Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +607-555 7596 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Forensic Science, Analytical Instrumentation 2002-2006 B.Sc(Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2013-present M.Sc (Forensic Science) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia



PO26 TThheeoorreettiiccaall SSttuuddiieess OOnn TThhee EEffffeeccttooff TTaagg FFaattttyy AAcciidd CCoommppoossiittiioonnss OOnn

TThhee IInntteerraaccttiioonn EEnneerrggyy OOff TTaaggss WWiitthh CCaaffffeeiinn

Nur Farahhin Mohd Azmi1*, Ku Halim Ku Bulat2

1IOI Lipid Enzymtec Sdn. Bhd

2School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, MengabangTelipot, 21030 Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

*Corresponding author’s email: [email protected]; Tel: +607-2542740/013-7936949

Cocoa butter is the key elements in the production of chocolate. However, due to the production of the

natural cocoa fats that are constantly decreasing day to day and the decreasing in the cocoa cultivation worldwide, these situations have attracts food industries especially the chocolate manufacturers to search for the alternatives of cocoa butter replacers and cocoa butter substitutes. The goal of this research project is to find an alternative on how chocolate manufacturers will be able to formulating a higher yield and a good quality cocoa butter replacers and cocoa butter substitutes from palm oil.This theoretical project includes the evaluation of the interaction energy between the important components in cocoa and cocoa butter products that are potentially to be manipulates and simultaneously affecting the rheological behavior and sensory perception of the cocoa products especially the chocolates. The interaction energy then can be used to correlate why there are differences in the products that use cocoa butter and products that use palm oil as their fillings. In cocoa butter, POS is the major leading triacylglyceride (TAG) with the percentage of 42.2 –45.9%, followed by SOS (27.6 –31.4%) and POP(20.3 –22.7%)1. However, RBD palm oil contained POP(31.4%) as the highest TAG followed by POO(23.7%), PLP(10.4%), PLO(10.4%),and POS(5.24%)2.The aim of the present study is to calculate the interaction energy by using quantum mechanical software package of Gaussian 09 at the theoretical level of DFT (Density Functional Theory) B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) between the major component of TAG molecule in the cocoa butter (POS) and the major component of TAG molecule in RBD palm oil (POP) with one of the selected methylxanthine, caffeine. Geometry optimizations were carried out to the minimum potential energy of the individual species (POP, POS, caffein) and to the binary complexes formed between the TAG and caffeine. The interaction energy is determined by subtracting the sum of the SCF energy of the individual species from the SCF energy of the binary complex of the two species in question. Results revealed that the binary complex of caffeine with POS had almost two times higher interaction energy compared to the complex with POP (IE of POP = -11.21 kJ/mol; IE of POS =-22.86 kJ/mol). We believed that these differences surely will not only affect the physical and sensory properties of the chocolate, but will also affect the oxidation resistance of the chocolate.

1. Asep E.K., Jinap S., Jahurul M.H.A., Zaidul I.S.M.and Singh H. 2013.Effects of Polar Co-solvents on Cocoa Butter Extraction Using Supercritical Carbon Dioxide. Innovative Food Science and Emerging Technologies –Article in Press.

2. Mamat H, Nor Aini I, Said M and Jamaludin R. 2005. Physicochemical Characteristics of Palm Oil and Sunflower Oil Blends Fractionated at Different Temperatures. Food Chemistry 91, 731-736

Miss. Nur Farahhin Bt. Mohd Azmi Universiti Malaysia Terengganu(UMT), Malaysia Phone: 013 7936949 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Oleochemistry 2010-2013 B.Science (Chemical Sciences), UMT,Malaysia 2013-present Chemist at IOI Lipid Enzymtec Sdn. Bhd, Malaysia 2013-present Master of Science (Chemical Sciences), UMT, Malaysia



PO27 CCaallcciinnaattiioonn RReedduucceetthheeNNuummbbeerr ooff SSiillaannooll GGrroouupp oonn SSuurrffaaccee ooff AAcciidd

MMooddiiffiieedd SSiiOO22

Sharil Fadli Mohamad Zamri*, Famiza Abdul Latif, Ab Malik Marwan Ali, Ruhani Ibrahim, NorashimaKamaluddin, Fitrah Hadip, Siti Izzati Husna Mohd Azuan

Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Agglomeration of silicon dioxide (SiO2) was the major drawback in preparing good solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs). The agglomeration results rough surface of SPEs hence reduces quality of appearance and performance of SPEs. This phenomenon was due to the tendency of silanol groups (Si-OH) on the surface of SiO2 to form hydrogen bond with moisture (Fig. 1). Interestingly, the number of Si-OH group was successfully reduced by acid modification of SiO2 using hydrochloric acid (HCl). The modification was carried out by reacted SiO2 with various concentrations of HCl at room temperature for an hour. Acid modified SiO2 (HCl-SiO2) then was dried in an oven at 120 °C for 12 hours. Calcined HCl-SiO2 was prepared by heated HCl-SiO2 in a furnace at 500 °C for another 12 hours. The mechanism ofpreparation of acid modification of SiO2 was suggested in Scheme 1. The effects of various concentration of HCl and calcination of HCl-SiO2 were recorded using digital camera. The observation shows that the solubility of SiO2in HCl solutions was increases as the concentration of HCl increased during the acid modification. Meanwhile, the percentage of hydrogen was determined using CHNS analysis. The CHNS analysis result revealed that the percentage of hydrogen in HCl-SiO2 was decreases with concentration of acid increased. Furthermore, the percentage of hydrogen was found further decreased in calcined HCl-SiO2 compared uncalcined HCl-SiO2. The decrease in number of Si-OH after acid modification and calcination of HCl-SiO2 was confirmed using Fourier transforms infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer. The FT-IR result shows that the intensity of FT-IR peak corresponding to Si-OH was found decreased in HCl-SiO2. Contrary, the intensity of FT-IR peak related to siloxane group (Si-O-Si) was observed increase in HCl-SiO2 compared to SiO2. The decrease in intensity of Si-OH peak and increase in intensity of Si-O-Si peaks were found obviously when it was modified using higher concentration of HClsolution and calcinedat higher temperature.

Mr. SharilFadli Mohamad Zamri UniversitiTeknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +603 5543 8472 Fax: +603 55444562, E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Ionic Conducting Polymer 2001-2004 B.Sc.(Hons.) Chemistry Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia 2004-2008 M.Sc. (Polymer Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia 2008-present Lecturer at UniversitiTeknologiMARA (UiTM), Malaysia

Scheme 1: Suggested mechanism of acid modification of SiO2.

OSi

OSi

OSi

OSi

OO O O O

Si Si Si SiO O O O O

OH OH OH OH

OSi

OSi

OSi

OSi

OO O O O


OH OH OH OH

H+

H+

OSi

+

OSi

OSi

+

OSi

OO O O O


O O

H H

OSi

OSi

OSi

OSi

OO O O O


O O

+ H+

- H2O

- H+

SiOO

O

O

SiOO

O

H HO

H

O

OSi

O

OO

SiO

OH

Fig. 1: Formation of hydrogen bond between SiO2 and moisture.



Figure 1 Experimental Column

PO28 LLiimmeessttoonnee iinn AAcciidd MMiinnee DDrraaiinnaaggee TTrreeaattmmeenntt

Anuar Othman1,2*, Azli Sulaiman1, Shamsul Kamal Sulaiman2


2 Mineral Research Centre, Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia

In this study, water sample from a tinmine tailing pond was collected and tested. The water from tailing

pond is reused to process tin ore from tin mill. The water was acidic, pH around 2.8 with high content of heavy metals such as copper, cadmium, arsenic, lead etc.Limestone is usually used treat the acidic water and capable to increase the pH and reduce heavy metals content in water sample by precipitation1. Limestone is a versatile material that can be used in many applications such as water treatment, filler, sealant, etc2.

The limestone in this study was collected at Simpang Pulai, Ipoh. The size of limestone used in this study around 15 mm to 2 mm.The experiment was carried out by passing water sample through a layer of limestone in a column. The limestone had the potential to increase pH until 5.5 to 6.5 that comply with Environmental Quality Act 1974 and to reduce heavy metals content in the water sample. Figure 1 shows the experimental column that had been carried out in the lab. The formation of acid mine drainage shown in Equation 1. The reaction occurs between limestone and water sample can be shown in equation 2.

4FeS2(s) + 15O2(g) + 15H2O(l) 4Fe(OH)3(s) + 8H2SO4(aq) Equation 1 Formation of acid mine drainage (AMD)

CaCO3(s) + H2SO4(aq) CaSO4(s) + H2O(l) + CO2(g)

Equation 2Reaction between limestone and water sample

1. Hammarstrom, J.M., Sibrell, P.L. and Belkin, H.E. (2003). Characterization of Limestone Reacted with Acid-Mine Drainage in a Pulsed Limestone Bed Treatment System at the Friendship Hill National Historical Site, Pennsylvania, USA. Appl. Geochem. 18, 1705-1721.

2. Oates, J.A.H. (1998). Lime and Limestone; Chemistry and Technology, Production and Uses. German: Wiley-VCH.

Mr. Anuar Othman University Teknologi Malaysia Phone: 0125980584 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Colloid Chemistry 2009-2012 B.Sc.(Industrial Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2013-present Research Officer at Mineral Research Centre, Malaysia



PO29 EEffffeecctt ooff NNaannooppaarrttiiccllee AAddddiittiioonn ttoo tthhee TThheerrmmaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff DDPPPPSS--

DDPPPPCC VVeessiicclleess

Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd, Irman Abdul Rahman*, Ainee Fatimah Ahmad, Shahidan Radiman, Faizal Mohamed, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi Ayob, Shamellia Sharin

School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia


The interactions between lipid vesicle and nanoparticle are of great importance for designing a stable drug

delivery system and understanding the effects of nanoparticle in biological mechanisms. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) has been previously used as an effective method to provide information on thermodynamics and the kinetics of the lipid-nanoparticle system especially to the phase transition in lipid vesicles. In this study, the interaction of an anionic lipid, prepared from dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC)- dipalmitoylphosphatidylserine (DPPS) mixture, respectively, with titanium dioxide and iron oxide nanoparticle suspensions has been investigated. Measurements were made from 10 to 80oC as a function of nanoparticles concentrations in a range of 0.01 to 100 mg/ml. Significant differences between lipid vesicles and the two types of nanoparticles were observed as the transfer kinetics depends strongly on the proportion between donor and acceptor lipid vesicles. The results of this work showed that the interaction of lipid vesicles with nanoparticles gives an impact on the thermal properties of lipid. Miss Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd UniversitiKebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +601 26661534 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Biophysics (lipid), Nanoparticle

2008-2011 B.Sc (Nuclear Science) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2012-present M.Sc (Nuclear Science) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia



PO30 AAnnaalliissiiss RReessiidduu MMeettssuullffuurroonn MMeettiill ddaallaamm AAiirr TTeerrhhaaddaapp KKaawwaassaann

PPeennaannaammaann KKeellaappaa SSaawwiitt,, CChhiinnii,, PPaahhaanngg,, MMaallaayyssiiaa

Mardiana-Jansar, K.*, Ismail B. S.

1Pusat Pengajian Sains Sekitaran dan Sumber Alam, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Metsulfuron metil merupakan herbisid jenis sulfonilurea yang biasa digunakan untuk kawalan rumput

berdaun lebar di ladang kelapa sawit. Keberkesanan dan kecekapan kawalan rumput dengan penggunaan racun menyebabkan metsulfuron metil digunakan secara berulang untuk jangkamasa yang panjang. Penyelidikan inidijalankan untuk mengkaji residu kesan penggunaan metsulfuron metil secara berulang di dalam ladang kelapa sawit ke atas matriks air. Kawasan kajian yang dipilih adalah ladang yang telah tiga tahun tidak disembur dengan herbisid metsulfuron metil. Sampel diambil untuk empat fasa penyemburan iaitu 16 Disember 2011 hingga 15 Mac 2012, 16 Mac hingga 15 Jun 2012, 16 Jun hingga 15 September 2012 dan 16 September hingga 15 Disember 2012. Persampelan dilakukan pada hari sebelum penyemburan (hari -1), selepas satu jam penyemburan dilakukan (hari 0), sehari selepas penyemburan (hari 1), hari ke 3, 5, 7, 15, 30, 60 dan 90. Selainitu, pemonitoran residu metsulfuron metil di dalam air di sekitar Tasik Chini juga dilakukan selama setahun di enam sungai utama yang memasuki Tasik Chini. Setiap sampel di sepannjang sungai diambil sebanyak tiga kawasan untuk menentukan punca pencemaran residu herbisid. Residu metsulfuron metil diekstrak menggunakan kaedah pengektrakkan fasa pepejal (SPE) katrij Env+ dan dianalisa dengan menggunakan kromatografi cecair berprestasi tinggi (HPLC) melalui turus C18 dan pengesan pelbagai panjang gelombang (VWD). Peratus perolehan semula di dalam matriks air adalah sebanyak 83 – 110 peratus. Hasil kajianmenunjukkan pada hari -1 untuk fasa pertama residu metsufuron metil tidak dapat dikesan di dalam aliran air di dalam kawasan ladang, walau bagaimanapun, pada fasa kedua terdapat residu kepekatan sebanyak 0.2281 µg/L dikesan sebelum penyemburan dilakukan dan bagi fasa ketiga dan keempat adalah 0.0880 µg/L dan 0.1378µg/L masing-masing. Ini menunjukkan terdapat potensi kekekalan herbisid ini di dalam kawasan tasik Chini jika penyemburan dilakukan secara berulang. Bagi enam sungai yang dimonitor, sungai Jemberau yang menghubungkan kawasan ladang ke tasik mencatatkan corak bacaan residu yang sama seperti di dalam ladang.Sungai Chini yang menghubungkan sungai Pahang dengan tasik menunjukkan bacaan yang semakin menurun apabila menghampiri tasik pada fasa 1 hingga 3, manakala fasa 4 adalah disebaliknya. Ini menunjukkan ada potensi residu metsulfuron metil dibawa masuk ke dalam tasik melalui sungai Pahang. Bagi sungai yangmenghubungkan perkampungan orang asli dengan tasik iaitu sungai Gumum dan sungai Kura-kura, kedua-dua bacaan bagi sungai tersebut hampir sama iaitu di dalam julat 0.05 hingga 0.70 µg/L. Sungai Melai mencatatkan bacaan residu yang paling rendah di antara semua sungai dan sungai Jerangkin memberi bacaan residu yang semakin meningkat apabila menjauhi tasik. Mrs. Khairiatul Mardiana Jansar Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Phone: +60 12 6799383 Fax: +6038925 3357 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Pesticide Analysis, Organic Chemistry 1997-2001 B.Tech.(Environmental Technology) USM, Malaysia 2001-2003 M.Sc (Environmental Management) UKM, Malaysia 2006-present Lecturer at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 2008-present On study leave for PhD at UKM, Malaysia



PO31 DDeevveellooppmmeenntt ooff HHPPLLCC MMeetthhoodd oonn DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff IIbbuupprrooffeenn ffrroomm BBlloowwffllyy CChhrryyssoommyyaa rruuffiiffaacciieess ((MMaaccqquuaarrtt)) ((DDiipptteerraa:: CCaalllliipphhoorriiddaaee))

SSaammpplleess

Siti Aisyah Shamsuddin1,2*, Haslina Hishamuddin2, Farida Zuraina Mohd Yusof2, Rumiza Abd Rashid1,2

1Institute of Forensic Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Jalan Klang Lama, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

The used of necrophagous insects from decomposed body has been applied in determination of drug and

other chemical substances for forensic purpose. In this study, we described the development of selective method on determination and quantification of ibuprofen from blowfly Chrysomya rufifacies (Macquart) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) couple with ultraviolet detector. Two treated rabbits were sacrificed by ingestion of lethal dose Ibuprofen (mg/kg) and the other two rabbits were used as control. Immature of C. rufifacies specimens were collected from field experiment that naturally colonized on all rabbit carcasses. Sample pre-treatments of ibuprofen involved liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) using phosphate buffer (pH 8.0) with acetonitrile (1:1 v/v) prior to sample clean-up by solid-phase extraction (SPE). Analysis of HPLC was performed using reversed phase C18 column with isocratic elution. The mobile phase consisted of acidified water (pH 2.5) and acetonitrile with the ratio of 80:20. This sensitive method revealed limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.006 mg L-1 and 0.018 mg L-1, respectively. The linearity was estimated from calibration curved of 5.0 mg L-1 to 1000 mg L-1 with highest regression coefficient (R2= 0.9999). This method produced high precision 3.27% with the recoveries of spiked samples ranged from 52.82% to 71.7%. Based on the result, concentrations of ibuprofen determined from C. rufifacies samples were ranged from 3.61 mg L-1 to 45.93 mg L-1. The analysis found rapid detection of ibuprofen in blowfly samples with the highest concentration in active-feeding larvae and decreased in post-feeding stage. However, the concentrations of ibuprofen in blowfly samples were lower than in visceral tissues. Thus, provide a useful technique for detection of low concentration of ibuprofen in immature blowfly specimens. Miss. Siti Aisyah Shamsuddin Universiti Teknologi MARA, Shah Alam, Malaysia Phone: +6013 5918196 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Forensic Entomology, Forensic Chemistry,

Toxicology

2009-2012 B.Sc (hons.) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis)Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia

2013-present M.Sci. (Biology) Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia



PO32 AArrttiiffiicciiaall NNeeuurraall NNeettwwoorrkkss MMooddeelliinngg ooff IIoonniicc LLiiqquuiidd TTeerrnnaarryy SSyysstteemmss

FFaabbrriiccaattiioonn ttoo MMiinniimmiizzee VViissccoossiittyy

Noraini Abd Ghania, Nor Asrina Sairia, Yadollah Abdullahia,b, Mohamed Kheireddine Arouac

aChemistry Department, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

bMaterial Synthesis and Characterization Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

cChemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The ternary system of ionic liquid (IL) has been used in CO2 capture in separation technologies. However,

high viscosity of the IL as CO2 absorber affects on the mass transfer, design of the set up and consequently cost of the technologies. In this work, the fabrication ofIL ternary systems was modeled to minimize the viscosity by artificial neural networks (ANNs). The ANNsas promising multivariate method are powerful semi-empirical tools for modeling the productive system.The model consists of input layer (composition of [emim][dep], MDEA and H2O), output layer (viscosity) and middle layer (hidden layer) thatobtained by learning process to minimize root mean squared error (RMSE) by different algorithms and data sets. The obtained model was verified by testing the experimental results of different amount variables in reported vicinity of the optimum. The verified model was used to determine the importance, narrow range and points of the optimum amount of initial components for fabrication in achieved low viscosity. Moreover, the model was predicted the desirable condition for fabrication of IL with low viscosity which experimentally validated. The result of the validation was close to the prediction that confirmed the model prediction. The ANNs succeed in modeling of IL ternary system to minimize its viscosity and consequently reduce the cost of the systems. Dr. Nor Asrina Binti Sairi Universiti Malaya, Malaysia Phone: 03-79677022ex2147 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Separation Process (CO2 Capture, Greenhouse Gases, Alkanolamine) Ionic Liquids (Characterization, Thermodynamics, Application) Bioglycerol (Glycerol Conversion, Glycerol Carbonate Production) Photocatalyst (Photodegradation, Water Treatment) Modeling And Optimization (Molecular Dynamics, Semi-Empirical, Artificial Neural Network) Doctoral Degree (PhD), UNIVERSITY OF MALAYA (UM) (Kimia Fizikal) Masters Degree, UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) (Chemistry) Bachelor Degree, UNIVERSITI PUTRA MALAYSIA (UPM) (Kimia Industri Dan Petroleum) Diploma, UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA (UITM) (Science)



PO33 AAnnaalliissiiss LLooggaamm BBeerraatt DDaallaamm SSeeddiimmeenn DDaann KKeerraanngg

DDii KKaawwaassaann PPeerrssiissiirraann PPaannttaaii KKaappaarr,, MMaallaayyssiiaa

Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin1*, Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan 1, Che Abd. Rahim Mohamed2

1Faculti Sains Gunaan,Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia. 2 Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor Malaysia.

Kepekatan kandungan logam berat (Fe, Zn, Cd, Pb dan Mn) di dalam sedimen dan kerang di pesisiran pantai

Kapar berdekatan dengan Stesen Janakuasa Sultan Salahudin Abdul Aziz Shah (SJSSAAS) telah di analisis dalam kajian ini. Teknik yang digunakan untuk mengetahui kepekatan kandungan logam berat di dalam sedimen dan kerang ialah dengan menggunakan spektrometri jisim-plasma berpasangan terinduksi (ICP-MS) (Perkin Elmer; model Elan 9000). Dalam kajian ini, keputusan menunjukkan logam berat dalam permukaan sedimen di pesisiran pantai Kapar masing-masing dalam julat 0.581 ± 0.002 µg/g – 1.713 ± 0.005 µg/g (Fe), 101.82 ± 0.29 µg/g – 337.49 ± 0.94 µg/g (Zn), 0.226 ± 0.001 µg/g – 0.896 ± 0.002 µg/g (Cd), 5.52 ± 0.01 µg/g – 14.89 ± 0.03 µg/g (Pb), 92.29 ± 0.19 µg/g – 274.44 ± 0.55 µg/g (Mn). Kepekatan logam berat di dalam permukaan sedimen menunjukkan keputusan yang tidak sekata. Nilai purata di dalam faktor pengkayaan (EF) bagi Fe dan Mn menunjukkan nilai yang rendah iaitu kurang dari satu. Oleh itu, faktor pengkayaan logam berat menunjukkan ianya hasil secara semulajadi. Manakala Zn, Cd dan Pb menunjukkan nilai lebih dari satu dan mengandungi nilai yang tinggi. Logam berat di dalam kerang pula, masing-masing dalam julat 0.14 – 1.34 (0.42 ± 0.04) µg/g (Cd), 50.44 – 135.33 (84.73 ± 5.05) µg/g (Mn), 151.30 – 3976.86 (1307.23 ± 110.11) µg/g (Fe), 1.80 – 7.46 (3.54 ± 0.30) µg/g (Pb), 127.26 – 344.24 (208.27 ± 12.54) µg/g (Zn). Kadar pengambilan kerang yang selamat daripada logam berat yang paling toksik, Cd ialah 114.29 g/hari dan Pb ialah 15.11 g/hari. Kata Kunci: Logam berat, Sedimen, Kerang, Faktor pengkayaan, Kadar pengambilan selamat Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia Phone: +6016-2723035 Fax: +603-55444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Radiochemistry and Environmental Chemistry BSc. (Environment), Universiti Putra Malaysia MSc. (Environment), Universiti Putra Malaysia PhD, (Marine Sciences) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia



PO34 GGlluuccoossiinnoollaatteess IInn WWaatteerrccrreessss ((NNaassttuurrttiiuumm OOffffiicciinnaallee)) AAnndd TThheeiirr

HHyyddrroollyyssiiss PPrroodduuccttss UUnnddeerr DDiiffffeerreenntt CCoonnddiittiioonnss

Nurazilah Farhana Aripin, Noumie Surugau

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, University Malaysia Sabah.

Glucosinolates are sulphur-containing secondary metabolites found largely in Brassicaceae

family.Watercress or Nasturtium officinale is a cruciferous vegetable that commonly known as a rich source of gluconasturtiin or 2-phenyl ethyl glucosinolates (PEGLS), the type of glucosinolate that abundant in watercress.Recently, hydrolysis of gluconasturtiin into phenylethylisothiocyanate (PEITC) attracts many interests because PEITC have shown their ability to restrain the growth of cancer cells.It is crucial to understand the hydrolysis of PEGLS because (and depending on conditions) phenylethylnitrile and / or phenylethylthiocyanate are possible hydrolysis products of PEGLS. Unlike PEITC, these other hydrolysis products are not known to possess anticancer properties.There are many factors that influence the hydrolysis of glucosinolates which are external factors such as temperature, pH, presence of redox agents; and intrinsic factors such as structure of the side-chain of GLS, myrosinase activity and protein specifiers etc. The external factors are very much related to the common food preparation techniques such as chopping and heating.In this study, amount of PEGLS (and other minor GLS, if any) in wild watercress will be studied. Also, the effects of temperature, additive concentration, various cooking methods and pH on the hydrolysis of PEGLS will be studied.In particular, myrosinase activity in watercress under different conditions will be studied systematically. The overall aim of this study is to identify the optimum conditions for the production of PEITC in watercress. These findings will be beneficial to provide information on how to optimize the uptake of this anticancer secondary metabolite from watercress. Ms. Nurazilah Farhana Binti Aripin University of Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Phone: +14 563 0887 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Extraction and Separation process 2009-2013 B.Sc (Chemistry) Universit Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia 2014-present M.Sc (Chemistry) University Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia



PO35 EEnnhhaanncceedd PPhhoottooccaattaallyyttiicc HHyyddrrooggeenn GGeenneerraattiioonn UUssiinngg CCrr--ddooppeedd

TTiittaanniiuumm DDiiooxxiiddee TThhiinn FFiillmm

Nor Shazana Mohamed Daud1*, Zulkarnain Zainal1,2,3, ErneeNoryana Muhamad1,2

1Centre of Excellence for Catalysis Science and Technology, Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

2Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology Laboratory, Institute of Advanced Technology (ITMA), Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

3Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

TiO2 has attracted worldwide attention as one of the most promising photocatalyst due to its unique properties which enables it to be used in environment treatment technology,water splitting and photovoltaic cell1. The limitation with the TiO2photocatalyst is its wide bandgap which is 3.2 eV, hence it is only active under UV light2. Tremendous efforts including metal and non-metal doping, dye sensitizing, and other methods have been done in order to narrow this bandgap, so that TiO2 can be utilized in visible light photocatalysis. In this study, TiO2photocatalystwas doped with chromium metal using sol-gel method, while dip-coating was used to produce TiO2 thin film. These methods are simple, easily controlled3 and inexpensive. The photocatalytic hydrogen generation was found to be dependent upon the concentration of dopant, heat treatment temperature and number of coating layer. The photocatalytic hydrogen generation was performed in 3-electrode system photoelectrochemical cell. The performance of the as-prepared thin film was evaluated at different potential.between 0.0 to +1.6 V. The properties of the thin film were characterized using X-ray Diffraction, Linear Sweep Photovoltammetry, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Elemental Dispersive X-ray. The film coated for 5 times with 2 mol% of Cr dopant which was calcined at 500°C exhibited the highest photocurrent as well as the largest amount of hydrogen generated. The Cr-doped TiO2 exhibit 10 times better photocatalytic activity than the undoped TiO2, whereas the hydrogen generated by the thin film was accelerated with the increasing of applied potential accordingly.

Figure 1: Photocurrent density generated by different Figure 2: Photocurrent density generated at different

TiO2 thin film. applied potential. 1. Meng, N.; Leung, K.H.; Dennis Y.C. Renewable & Sustainable Energy Reviews. 2007, 11, 401-425. 2. Peng, Y.H.; Huang, G.F.; Huang, W.Q. Advanced Power Technology. 2012, 23, 77. 3. Huang, J.; Wen, S.; Liu, J.; He, G. Journal of Natural Gas Chemistry. 2012, 21, 302-307.

Ms. Nor Shazana binti Mohamed Daud Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +6 0132507458 E-mail: [email protected] 2007-2010 Bachelor of Science (Hons) Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Mara



PO36 RReemmoovvaall ooff MMeetthhyylleennee BBlluuee DDyyee UUssiinngg MMooddiiffiieedd CCooccoonnuutt CCooiirr PPiitthh

Nesamalar Kantasamy, Nur Hidayu Sa’ari, Rosliza Ali

Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Methylene Blue, a basic dye was investigated in a batch study using treated coconut coir pith. The

investigated parameters were initial dye concentration, adsorbent dose, contact time, pH and temperature. The highest percent removal of Methylene Blue was 95.6% at 50 mg/L initial concentration with 0.25 g treated coconut coir pith. This optimal condition was achieved with pH 9 using contact time of 10 minutes at 300C. The adsorption pattern provided a better fit to the Langmuir model (R2 = 0.96) among various investigated isotherm models. Pseudo-second order kinetic model showed a better correlation (R2 =0.99) than pseudo-first order kinetic model. Thermodynamic studies indicated the adsorption process was both spontaneous and exothermic. The magnitude of free energy change of 4.9 kJ/mol shows the adsorption of methylene blue on treated coconut coir appears to be controlled by physical sorption. Results from this study indicate coconut coir pith is a low cost biosorbent with good potential for Methylene Blue removal from wastewater.

1. Etim, U.J.; Umaren, S.A.; Eduok, U.M. J. of Saudi Chemical Society.2012, 2. Rangabhashiyam, S.; Anu, N;Selvaraju, N. J of Environmental Chemical Engineering. 2013, 3. Motair, R.K.; Ray, M.; Guha, A.K.Bioresourse Technology. 2010, 102, 2394. 4. Namasivayam, C.; Surehkumar, M.V.J of Environmental Eng Management 2007, 17, 129. 5. Abechi, E.S; Gimda, C.E.; Uzairu, A.; Kagbu, J.A. Archives of Applied Science Research. 2011, 3, 154.

Mrs Nesamalar Kantasamy Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Water Studies 1992-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia



Figure 1 0.3 wt% cholesterylpalmitate gelled 5CB

PPOO3377 LLiiqquuiidd CCrryyssttaall PPhhyyssiiccaall GGeell ooff 44’’--PPeennttyyll--44--BBiipphheennyyllccaarrbboonniittrriillee NNeemmaattiicc

LLiiqquuiidd CCrryyssttaall bbyy MMeessooggeenniicc OOrrggaanniicc GGeellaattoorr,, CChhoolleesstteerryyll PPaallmmiittaattee

Leaw Wai Loon, Che Rozid Mamat*


Liquid crystal (LC) physical gels are a new class of functional materials consisting of liquid crystals and

self-assembled fibers of low molecular weight organic gelator. Gelation of liquid crystal is to produce high contrast light scattering mode electro-optical cell with low driving voltage. Nevertheless, it is also to reduce the response time of twisted nematic mode electro-optical cell.

In this paper, we report the preparation of liquid crystal physical gel

using 4’-pentyl-4-biphenylcarbonitrile (5CB) nematic liquid crystal and cholesteryl palmitate gelator (G1) (Figure 1). The molecular structures of components used are shown in Figure 2. Cholesteryl palmitateis formerly known as liquid crystal that consists of smectic and cholesteric phases. Its gelling properties on 5CB are reported for the first time. In contrast to conventional LC physical gels, mesogenic cholesteryl palmitate shows better solubility in liquid crystal host. As result, 0.3 wt% of gelator successfully reduces the driving voltage of twisted nematic cell to 2V. Exceeding 12 wt%, this LC physical gel demonstrates light scattering characteristic as well. All results are characterised using electron spin resonancen (ESR) spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and electro-optical measurement using He-Ne laser.

1. K. Kubo, H. Takahashi, H. Takechi, Journal of Oleo Science, 2006, 55, 545. 2. Kato, T.; Hirai, Y.; Nakaso, S.; Moriyama, M., Chemical Society Reviews, 2007, 36, 1857. 3. Wang, H.; Pang, D.; Xin, H.; Li, M.; Zhang, P.; Tian, W., Liquid Crystals, 2006,33, 439. 4. Hashimoto, M.; Ujiie, S.; Mori, A., Advanced Materials, 2003,15, 797. 5. Yabuuchi†, K.; Kato, T., Molecular Crystals and Liquid Crystals, 2005,441, 261.

Dr. Che Rozid Mamat Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +601 2 7681994 E-mail: [email protected] / [email protected] Research interests: Liquid Crystal, Electron Spin Resonance Spectroscopy 2000-2003 B. Science Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) 2004-2007 PhD University of Southampton

Figure 2 Molecular structures of the components for the formation of LC physical gel

G1 5CB



PO38 AA PPootteennttiiaall AApppprrooaacchh ffoorr RReemmoovvaall ooff LLaagg PPhhaassee aanndd RReedduuccttiioonn ooff BBuurrsstt

RReelleeaassee ooff IInnssuulliinn ffrroomm PPLLGGAA MMiiccrroosspphheerreess

Rezaul H. Ansary1, Mokhlesur M. Rahman1*,Haliza Katas2, Mohamed B. Awang3

1Kulliyyah of Pharmacy, International Islamic University Malaysia, 25200 Kuantan, Malaysia 2Faculty of Pharmacy, University Kebangsaan Malaysia, 50300 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

3Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyberjaya University College of Medical Sciences, 63000 Cyberjaya, Malaysia

In conventional method, insulin is injected subcutaneously two to four times a day before each meal to maintain the therapeutic effectiveness of diabetic patients1. This multiple injection routine is complex, painful, inconvenient and fear of hypoglycemia. To improve patient compliance and convenience, poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) based sustained release formulation of insulin delivery has been developed2. Generally, the major drawbacks in the development of PLGA microspheres are the high initial burst and incomplete release of encapsulated insulin3. Moreover, PLGA microspheres tend to have a very slow or near to zero release of insulin after the initial burst. The slow or no release period is often referred to as the “lag phase” and continues until extensive degradation of PLGA starts. During this period, the patient may not be effectively treated due to the lack of sufficient insulin release4. In this study, insulin encapsulated PLGA microspheres were prepared using a fast degrading hydroxyl terminated–PLGA to remove the lag phase and to reduce the initial burst release of insulin.

Insulin loaded hydroxyl terminated-PLGA microspheres have

beenprepared by a conventional water-in-oil-in-water (w/o/w) anda modified water-in-oil-in-oil-in-water (w/o/o/w) emulsionsolvent evaporation method5. Microspheres prepared with w/o/wand w/o/o/w emulsion technique exhibited high encapsulationefficiency. High initial burst release of insulin was observedin all formulations prepared by w/o/w emulsion technique.A significant reduction of initial burst release of insulin was observed when microspheres were prepared by modified w/o/o/wemulsion method. Sustained release of insulinwas achievedwithout any lag phase in both w/o/w and w/o/o/w emulsion technique when microspheres were prepared with a fast degrading PLGA. The optimized formulation of insulin loaded microspheres was nonporous, smooth-surfaced, and spherical shape under scanning electron microscope (SEM) with a mean particle size of 7.25 µm and encapsulation efficiency of 98.46%. It can be concluded that microspheres prepared with hydroxyl terminated-PLGA by modified w/o/o/w emulsion method can be proposed as a potential delivery system of therapeutic insulin.

1. Feirong, K.; Jagdish, S. AAPS PharmSciTech 2005, 6, 487. 2. Yamaguchi, Y.; Takenaga, M.; Kitagawa, A.; Ogawa, Y.; Mizushima, Y.; Igarashi R. J. Control. Release

2002, 81, 235. 3. Chandrasekar, M.; Jagdish, S. J. Pharm. Sci. 2009, 98, 529. 4. Mitsuko, T.; Yoko, Y.; Aki, K.; Yasuaki, O.; Yutaka, M.; Rie, I. J. Control. Release 2002, 79, 81. 5. Wang, Z. Int. J. Pharm. 2009, 374, 90.

Md. Rezaul Haque Ansary International Islamic University Malaysia Phone: +60146419068 Fax: +6095716775, E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Pharmaceutical Chemistry 1993-1995 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Rajshahi University, Bangladesh 1996-1997 M. Sc (Chemistry) Rajshahi University, Bangladesh 2001-2005 Assistant Chemist, Jamuna Fertilizer Company Ltd. Bangladesh 2005-2010 Lecturer at Govt. Akbar Ali College, Bangladesh 2010-present Lecturer at Rajshahi University, Bangladesh 2012-present On study leave for PhD at IIUM, Malaysia

Figure 1 SEM picture of microspheres prepared by w/o/o/w emulsion method



PO39 AAsssseessssmmeenntt OOff HHeeaavvyy MMeettaallss IInn CCoocckklleess

((AAnnaaddaarraa GGrraannoossaa)) AAtt CCooaassttaall AArreeaa OOff PPaannttaaii RReemmiiss AAnndd KKaappaarr,, SSeellaannggoorr MMaallaayyssiiaa

Noor Aziatul Aini Hamzan, Ab. Khalik Wood, Nik Azlin Nik Ariffin

Fakulti Sains Gunaan,Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia.

Seafood such as cockles (Anadara granosa)is one of the high potential sources of food contaminated with heavy metals as a result of various human activities. Hence, the level of heavy metals concentrations that accumulate by Anadara granosa in Pantai Remis and Kapar with different sizes was determined in this study. A total of 6 heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Mn, Pb and Zn) were analyzed using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrophotometer (ICP-OES). In both sample locations; Kapar and Pantai Remis, the highest selected heavy metal concentrations is Zn and the lowest is Cd. Selected heavy metal accumulation in Anadara granosa for overall location followed in order of Zn > Mn > Cu > Pb > Ni > Cd. Meanwhile, the heavy metal accumulation in Anadara granosa at Pantai Remis is higher than Kapar and small size of Anadara granosa accumulated high heavy metal concentration compared to the bigger one. Keywords:Blood cockles, Sizes, Safe consume rate Noor Aziatul Aini bt Hamzan Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Shah Alam, Malaysia Phone: +6012-4814044 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Chemistry BSc. (Environmental Technology), Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia MSc. (Environmental Science and Technology), Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia



PO40 HHiigghh PPeerrffoorrmmaannccee LLiiqquuiidd CChhrroommaattooggrraapphhyy PPrrooffiillee ooff SSeelleecctteedd PPllaassttiicc EExxpplloossiivveess ffoorr AAccqquuiissiittiioonn ooff CChheemmiiccaall SSiiggnnaattuurreess ooff HHiigghh EExxpplloossiivveess

Mohamad Afiq Mohamed Huri1, UmiKalthom Ahmad1and Mustafa Omar2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor Darul Ta’zim, Malaysia

2Institut PenyelidikanSains&TeknologiPertahanan (STRIDE), 48100 BatuArang, Selangor Darul Ihsan

Plastic explosive also known as plastic bonded explosive (PBX) is made up of a combination of explosive chemicals with plastic binder materials. Plastic explosive is less sensitive to shock, highly stable and highly malleable. Explosive materials used for plastic explosive are typically made up of high explosive compound. Examples of plastic explosive used by military or abused by terrorists are plastic explosive C-4, plastic explosive PETN and Semtex. In this study, reversed-phase HPLC (RP-HPLC) separation employingtrimixture mobile phase system of methanol/acetonitrile/water (50:10:40) was developed for the analysis of four target analytes (HMX, RDX, TNT and PETN). At a flow rate of 0.6mL/min and UVwavelength detection at 220nm, all analytes were successfully separated within 15 minutes. The developed method was successfully applied to the analysis of several samples of plastic explosives that gave unique HPLC profiles rendering the acquisition as chemical signature of specific plastic explosives used.

1. Yan Q.L. et. al. Thermochimica Acta(2012), 5371-12. 2. Mohamad Afiq Mohamed Huri and Umi Kalthom Ahmad, Malays. J. Anal. Sci., (2014), 68-77.

Mr. Mohamad Afiq Bin Mohamed Huri UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia Phone: +6019-4432697 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Forensic Science, Analytical Instrumentation 2012 B.Sc (Industrial Chemistry),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2012-present PhD Student (Chemistry),Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia



PO41 PPhhoottoolluummiinneesscceennccee SSppeeccttrraall AAnnaallyysseess ooff SSiilliiccoonn NNaannoowwiirreess UUssiinngg aa

PPhheennoommeennoollooggiiccaall MMooddeell

S. K. Ghoshal1 and Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku2*

1Advanced Optical Material Research Group, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

2Department of Physics,Faculty of Science, Kaduna State University,Tabawa Balewa Way, Kaduna Nigeria

Developing novel electronic and optoelectronic devices by nanostructuring semiconductors is ever-

demanding. The observation of room-temperature visible photoluminescence (PL) from silicon (Si) nanostructures (quantum dots or wires) stirred tremendous attention towards Si nanomaterials. Recent semiconductor research is exploring the feasibility of tuning the optical response of Si nanostructures via band gap engineering. Experimentally observed visible PL can be explained to some extent by quantum confinement (QC) effect that modifies the energy band gap. However, the mechanism of visible PL remains unclear despite several studies using models, experiments, and simulations. It is now established that the fundamental features of the PL cannot be explained only via QC model. Lately, Si nanostructures with hydrogen and oxygen passivated surface became attractive due to enhanced light emission.In this view, a phenomenological model is developed by combining the effects of surface states, exciton energy, and QC. The influence of size and passivation on the band gap energy and PL spectra of Si nanowires (NWs) with diameter between 1.5 to 5.8 nm are examined. We demonstrate that by controlling a set of parameters extracted by fitting the model with experiments, it is possible to interpret the PL spectral features. The band gap is found to decrease with the increase of NWs diameter. Furthermore, the band gap increases on passivating the NWs surface with hydrogen and oxygen. We affirm that both QC and surface passivation together with exciton effects determine the optoelectronic properties of Si NWs. The radiative recombination of electrons and holes in the quantum confined nanostructures is responsible for visible PL. The results are compared with other model calculations and experimental findings. The admirable features of the results suggest that the present model is significant for understanding the mechanism of visible PL from Si NWs. The model can be extended for other nanostructures of different shapes and size.

1. G. Ledoux, O. Guillois, D.Porterat and C. Reynaud: Phys. Rev. 2000, 62, 23 2. S.K.Ghoshal, M.R.Sahar, R.Arifin, M.S.Rohani and K.Hamzah,Adv. Mat.Res.2014, 895, 424-428. 3. P. Proot, C. Delerue, and G. Allan, Applied Physics Letter1992, 61, 1948. 4. S.Tripathy, R. K. Soni, S. K. Ghoshal and K. P. Jain, Bull. Material Science2001, 24, 3. 5. John G.C and V.A.Singh, Phys.Rev.1995, 263, 93.

Mr. Aliyu Kabiru Isiyaku

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia Phone: +60 179785498Fax: + (6)07-5537592 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Material science, Optical Materials 2004-2009B.SC. (Physics) Bayero University, Nigeria 2013-present M.SC.(Physics)Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2011-present Graduate Assistant, Kaduna State University, Nigeria



PO42 TTiittaanniiaa NNaannoo--TTuubbuullaarr PPhhoottooeelleeccttrrooddee FFoorr

EEffffeeccttiivvee HHyyddrrooggeenn GGeenneerraattiioonn

Chin Wei Lai, Kung Shiuh Lau, Nur Azimah Binti Abd Samad, Sharifah Bee Abd. Hamid, Joon Ching Juan

Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), 3rd Floor, Block A, Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS),

University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA.

Solar hydrogen generation from water electrolysis is a key target for the development of sustainable

hydrogen economy in our future energy system. The formation of self-organized TiO2 nanotubes without bundling using electrochemical anodization technique is essential for high efficiency in water electrolysis application. TiO2 nanotubes were produced by anodization of Ti foil at 60 V in a bath with electrolytes composed of ethylene glycol, ammonium fluoride, and hydrogen peroxide. The hydrogen peroxide served as oxygen provider to increase the oxidation rate for synthesizing highly ordered and smooth TiO2 nanotubes at a rapid rate. After a minute of oxidation, nanotubes with length of ∼2.25 μm were formed; this translated to an extremely fast rate of nanotube formation. However, the length of the nanotubes did not increase linearly with time. As anodization time was increased, the rate was reduced slightly. After 3 h of anodization, 13 μm long nanotubes were formed. The nanotubes were smooth, with an average diameter of 100 nm. The results revealed that well controllable of TiO2 nano-architecture showed significant enhancement in solar hydrogen generation via water electrolysis due to the high generation of photo-induced electrons for the reduction of hydrogen ion to hydrogen gas.

Scheme 1: Experimental set-up of hydrogen (H2) generation by the water splitting hydrogen generation process. [1] Chin Wei Lai, Srimala Sreekantan, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 38, pp. 2156- 2166 (2013). [2] Chin Wei Lai, Srimala Sreekantan, Journal of alloys and compounds, 547, pp. 43-50 (2013). [3] Chin Wei Lai, Srimala Sreekantan, Electrochimica Acta, 87, pp. 294 302 (2013). DR. CHIN WEI LAI Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), 3rd Floor, Block A, Institute of Postgraduate Studies (IPS), Universiti Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, MALAYSIA Phone: +603-7967 6960; Fax: +603-7967 6556 Research interests: Solar Energy Technology (Hydrogen Fuel Cell, Photoelectrochemical Cell, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cell)

+

Potentiostat

Solar simulator

Reference electrode

Working electrode

Counter electrode

H2 gas

Burette

Electrolyte

-



PO43 Preparation of Calcium Carbonate Particles with Nozzle Dispersion

Method

Anuar Othman, Nasharuddin Isa, Rohaya Othman

Mineral Research Centre, Minerals and Geoscience Department Malaysia, Perak, Malaysia

Particles of calcium carbonate were synthesised by dispersing ionic calcium sucrate into a mixture of carbon

dioxide gas and water with a nozzle1.The ionic sucrate solution was prepared by mixing hydrated lime and sucrose solution. The atomised ionic solution caused the reaction with carbon dioxide gasand the mass transfer to be enhanced.

The reaction between ionic solution and carbon dioxide gas was monitored by pH meter. Operation

condition investigated is the influence carbon dioxide flowrate on the morphology and size of the particles. The particles were characterised with FESEM-EDX, XRD and LPSA. Figure 1 shows the micrograph of precipitated calcium carbonate morphology formed in the experiment. The reaction occurs between hydrated lime and sucrose solution as shown in equation 1.

Figure 1 Micrograph of precipitated calcium carbonate morphology

Ca(OH)2(s) + C12H22O11(aq) Calcium Sucrate(aq) + H2O(l)

Equation 1 Reaction between hydrated lime and sucrose

1. Wu, G., Wang, Y., Zhu, S. and Wang, J.(2007). Preparation of ultrafine calcium carbonate particles with micropore dispersion method. Powder Tech. 172 (2007) 82–88

Mr. Anuar Othman University Teknologi Malaysia Phone: 0125980584 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Colloid Chemistry 2009-2012 B.Sc.(Industrial Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 20013-present Research Officer at Mineral Research Centre, Malaysia



PO44 CChhiittoossaann--ccooaatteedd FFaattttyy AAcciidd NNaannoolliippoossoommee ffoorr DDrruugg DDeelliivveerryy

AApppplliiccaattiioonn

Tan Hsiao Wei*, Misni Misran

Colloid and Surface Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya

Liposome is an artificially-prepared spherical vesicle which consists of an aqueous core that entrapped by one or more bilayer lipid membrane1. The great popularity of liposomes as drug carrier is mainly attributed to its versatile nature and ability to entrap hydrophilic and hydrophobic drugs.However, non-surface modified liposomes was found to be hardly survived in the blood stream due to the fast elimination by the mononuclear phagocyte system2,3. This disadvantage limited the liposomes function as drug carrier and reduced its circulation half-life3. In order to overcome this disadvantage, surface modified liposomes were developed4,5,6. In this study, chitosan-coated oleic acid liposome (OAChL) was prepared with different chitosan concentration. The present of chitosan on the surface of oleic acid (OA) liposome was supported by its atomic force microscope (AFM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) images and reduction in both zeta potential and the size of the liposomes. The presence of chitosan at the surface of the liposomes hasenhanced its membrane rigidity.The size of the OAChL was at least 20 nm smaller than the OA liposomes, and the decrease in magnitude of zeta potential with the increasing amount of the chitosan further confirmed the presence of surface modification of the OA liposome. The stability of the OAChL was studied by monitoring the changes of the liposome size under the room temperature for 30 days.

Refereneces: 1. Bangham, A.D.; Hill, M.W.; Miller, G.A. Methods in Membrane Biology 1974 New York, Plenum Press. 1, 61. 2.Maurer, N.; Fenske, D.B.; Cullis, P.R. Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2001, 1, 923. 3. Immordino, M.L.; Dosio F.;, Cattel, L. Int. J. Nanomedic. 2006, 1, 297. 4. Klibanov, A.L.; Maruyama, K.; Torchilin, V.P.; Huang, L. FEBS Letters 1990, 268, 235. 5. He, S.J.; Zhu J.B.; Xie, F.M. Pharmazie 2010, 6, 467. 6. Yuan, Z.; Cheng, D.W.; Zhang, S.T.; Zheng, Z.D. Yakugaku Zasshi 2010, 130, 1353. Dr. Tan Hsiao Wei University of Malaya, Malaysia Phone: +603 7967 4643 Fax: +603 7967 4699, E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Colloid Chemistry, Drug Delivery System, Rheology, Emulsion, Gel

2003-2006 B.Sc. in Chemistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia 2007-2009 M.Scin Colloid Chemistry, University of Malaya, Malaysia 2010-2014 PhD, University of Malaya, Malaysia 2013-present Research Manager, IPPP, University of Malaya, Malaysia

Figure 1 The optical polarizing micrograph of (a) OA liposome which showed birefringence effect, (b) the liposomes lose its birefringence effect after surface modification.

(b) Chitosan-coated Oleic Acid Liposome (a) Oleic Acid Liposome



PO45 Preparationand Characterizationof Graphene-Based Magnetic Hybrid

Nanocomposites

Jashiela Wani Jusin, Madzlan Aziz


Graphene-based magnetic hybrid nanocomposite (GMNC) has the advantage to exhibit better performance as platform or supporting materials to develop novel properties of composite by increasing selectivity of the targeted adsorbate. Graphite oxide (GO) is a single-atomic layer sheet of graphite whereby its surface is decorated with rich-oxygenated functional groups resulting from strong oxidation of graphite powder. GO is the main precursor of graphene where it existed as a colloidal suspension resulted from the oxidation of graphite and followed by mechanical exfoliation such as ultrasonication to form graphene oxide. GO was prepared from chemical oxidation and exfoliation of graphite powders by using modified Hummers method1. A study was conducted to reveal the influences of weight loading ratios of Fe to GO (4:1, 2.5:1, 1:4 and 1:1). GMNC was prepared by mixing and hydrolyzing iron (II) and iron (III) salt precursors in presence of graphene oxide dispersion through co-precipitation method followed by in situ chemical reduction of graphite oxide (RGO)2.

The development of nanosized magnetic particles on RGO surface was analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and complemented by morphology of the hybrids obtained from TEM analysis while the chemical compositions of GMNC were investigated by energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectrometer and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR). The presence of various significant peaks in FTIR spectra of GO could be assigned to oxygenated functional groups which were resulted from the successful oxidation process of graphite. The interlayer d-spacing of graphite oxide tends to be much larger than graphite (0.34 nm) due to the presence of many oxygen functionalities being attached to the surfaces of graphite oxide with some potential defects related to the strong oxidation process. The RGO sheets in the prepared hybrid showed less wrinkled sheet-like structure compared to graphite oxide due to exfoliation and reduction process during synthesis. The layered morphology of graphene oxide degrades at higher concentrations of iron oxide3.TEM analysis showed that RGO is a potential material to prevent the agglomeration of magnetic nanoparticles upon further optimization with set of parameters.

1. Hummers, W. S. & Offeman, R. E. (1958). “Preparation of graphitic oxide.” Journal of the American Society 80(6): 1339

2. Kassae, M.Z., Motamedi, E., Majdi, M. (2011). “Magnetic Fe3O4-graphene oxide/polystyrene: Fabrication and characterization of a promising nanocomposite.” Chemistry Engineering Journal 172(1): 540-549

3. Singh, V. K. & Patra, M. K. (2009). “In situ synthesis of graphene oxide and its composites with iron oxide.” New Carbon Materials 24(2): 147-152

4. He, H. & Klinowski, J. (1998). “A new structural model for graphite oxide.” Chemical Physics Letters 287(1-2): 53-56.

Figure 1 Chemical structure of graphite oxide4

Miss Jashiela Wani Jusin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor Phone: +601 37336706 E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] Research interests: Physical Chemistry, Polymer Materials,Water & Wastewater Separation 2009-2012 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2012-present Fast Track Program PhD (Chemistry) Uni. Teknologi Malaysia



PO46 PPrreeppaarraattiioonn AAnndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn OOff CCaarrbbooxxyymmeetthhyyll SSaaggoo SSttaarrcchh--AAcciidd

GGeell BByy EElleeccttrroonn BBeeaamm RRaaddiiaattiioonn

Sri NorlehaBasri1, Norhazlin Zainuddin1*, Nor Azah Yusof1, Kamaruddin Hashim2

1,*Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor 2Bahagian Teknologi Pemprosesan Sinaran, Agensi Nuklear Malaysia,43000Kajang,Selangor

*corresponding author:[email protected]

Research on bio-based materials has become an interest amongst the researchers in utilizing the natural

sources. The main advantages of using natural polymers are biodegradable, low cost and environmental friendly compared to synthetic polymer. In Malaysia, sago palm is one of contributor in starch and cellulose production. It is about 300milion tones/year of starch produced from wild stand and cultivated sago palm for economic development. In this study, sago starch underwent carboxymethylation by the reaction with sodium monochloroacetic acid in a basic solution. The carboxymethyl sago starch (CMSS) was dissolved in L (+)-lactic acid (0.2-1.2M) and cross-linked by using electron beam irradiation technique (0-30 kGy). A CMSS- acid gel was formed after the irradiation and the gel content and swelling capability of the samples were examined. The CMSS-acid gel was structurally and morphologically characterized by FT-IR, XRD and SEM. The gel content increased as concentration of acid, irradiation dose and amount of CMSS increased. The swelling capability of the gel reduced with the increase of gel content. Besides that, the FT-IR showed twothe absorption peaks at 1611 cm-1and 1766 cm-1, indicated the substitution of –COO-Na+ group on the starch molecule andthe interaction between the CMSS with lactic acid which formed –COOH respectively. SEM image and XRD patterns showed that the sago starch transformed from semi-crystalline and smooth egg-shaped surface to amorphous and rough surface, while the hydrogel was full with network and porous.

Sri Norleha binti Basri Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone:0132771625 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry 2008-2011 B.science (Petroleum Chemistry) UPM 2012-present M. science (Polymer Chemistry) UPM



PPOO4477 AAddssoorrppttiioonn ooff OOiill oonnttoo AAllkkaallii ttrreeaatteedd OOiill PPaallmm MMeessooccaarrpp FFiibbeerr ((OOPPMMFF))

Ros Azlinani As’ari, Mazidah Mamat, Mohd Aidil Adhha Abdullah

School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Palm oil is mostly extracted from mesocarp of oil palm fruit, leaving behind the solid waste of oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF). Since palm oil is originated from mesocarp, this research is aimed to study the ability of OPMF as an alternative adsorbent for the removal of oil from oily wastewater. OPMFwas obtained from local oil palm mills and washed to remove dirt particles. This as-received and alkali treated OPMFs were employed as adsorbent for the removal of oil from aqueous solution. Both fibers were examined by using Fourier Transform-Infrared Spectrophotometer (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM).A preliminary study was conducted using untreated OPMF as an adsorbent for the removal of oil from oily wastewater. However, the untreated OPMF was found to show poor efficiency for cooking oil waste removal.A detailed batch study with respect to adsorption equilibrium at different oil concentrations was carried out at room temperature for alkali treated OPMF. The study shows that amount of oil adsorbed onto the OPMF increase proportionally with the increase of oil concentration. The uptake of oil increased from 143 to 598 mg/g with the increase of initial oil concentration from 20% to 100% at the equilibrium time of 40 minutes. Ms. Ros Azlinani As’ari Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +614 513 1983 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Physical Chemistry 2008-2011 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia 2014-present Postgraduate Student, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu



Figure 1. Chemical structure of graphene oxide 4

PPOO4488 GGrraapphheennee ooxxiiddee wwiitthh SSuullffoonnaatteedd PPoollyyeetthheerr eetthheerr kkeettoonnee ffoorr EEnnhhaanncceedd

PPrrooppeerrttiieess

Nuor Sariyan Suhaimin 1*, Madzlan Aziz 1, Juhana Jaafar 2 Nur Isarah Che Raimi1

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia 2Advanced Membrane Technology Centre (AMTEC), University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor,

Malaysia.

Graphene oxide as a principal tool of graphitic materials has emerged to become an exciting two-dimensional material with a remarkable properties1. It attracts a great interest as a result of the potential for numerous application especially in electronics and nanocomposites, due to its low cost, high conductivity, high mechanical strengthand electrically insulating property2. is obtained from the exhaustive oxidation of pristine graphite, and contains a range of oxygen functional groups with specific chemistry, rendering it a good candidate for further functionalization3.

Graphene oxide sulfonated polyether-ether ketone (GO/SPEEK) is exhibited as a promising proton exchange membrane (PEM) to replace the commercial PEM in Direct Methanol Fuel Cell (DMFC) application. The GO films were prepared from natural graphite flakes by the modified Hummer’s Method. The structure and physicochemical characterization techniques were applied to impart insight into the specific structure and morphology, element composition as well as the functional groups by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), Transmission electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Miscroscopy (FESEM), Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS) and Raman Spectroscopy. The incorporation of GO/SPEEK greatly increase the ion exchange capacity (IEC), water uptake and proton conductivity thus making them appealing as proton exchange membranes (PEMs).

1. Geim, A.K.; Novoselov, K.S. The Rise of Graphene. Nat. Mater. 2007, 6,183. 2. Jung, I.; Dikin, D.A., Piner, R.D.; Ruoff, R.S. Tunable electrical conductivity of individual graphene

oxide sheets reduced at low temperatures. ACS Nanolett. 2008, 8, 4283. 3. Stewart, D. A.; Mkhoyan, K. A. Graphene Nanoelectronics, NanoScience and Technology. 2012, 598,

439. 4. Dreyer, D.R. The chemistry of graphene oxide. Chemical Society Review. 2010, 39, 228-240.

Mrs.Nuor Sariyan Suhaimin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Johor. Phone: +6019 91xxxx E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Physical Chemistry,Advance Energy Material, Fuel Cell

2008-2012 EDM Engineer in Motorola Solution Penang. 2009-2011 M. Degree (Chemistry) University Science Malaysia, Penang. 2012-present PhD at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia



PO49 Sago starch-based hydrogel by electron beam irradiationfor controlled

release application

Mansor bin Ahmad1, Zakiah Jamingan1, Kamaruddin bin Hashim2, Norhazlin Zainuddin1

1Department of Chemistry, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia.

2Malaysian Nuclear Agency, 43000 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.

Carboxymethyl Sago starch (CMSS) is one of the natural polymers with have high value as a polymeric devices for medical application due to the potential as biocompatible materials1. The monomer blending with modified natural polymers by irradiation technique has received wide attention due to the simple method of preparation2, more promising material and residue chemical in the product. CMSS/MAA hydrogels were synthesized by Electron Beam irradiation3 at 2meV, 10mA. The objective of this study is to evaluate the ability of hydrogels from modified carboxymethyl sago starch CMSS for oral drug delivery. The hydrogels were characterized by FT-IR, TGA and DTG. The effects of the preparation conditions such as the, monomer composition and irradiation dose on the gel fraction of the synthesized hydrogel were investigated. Then, the swelling behavior of the hydrogel is carried out in acidic media, nuetral and alkaline media at different temperatures (27˚C – 60 ˚C). The pH sensitive properties that shows by the hydrogel, promote it to be use as drug delivery devices4 due to suitability of pH response to the environment in gastrointestine tract.

1. Peppas, N.A. Bures, P. Leobandung, W. and Ichikawa, H., European Journal of Pharmaceutics and Biopharmaceutics 2000, 50, 27-46

2. Mahkam,M., Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A 2010, 92A, 1392-1397. 3. Pushpamalar, V., Langford, S.J., Ahmad, M. and Lim, Y.Y.Carbohydrate Polymers 2006, 64, 312-318. 4. Huglin, M.B.British Polymer Journal 1989, 21, 184-184

Prof. Dr. Mansor bin Ahmad Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +60389466973 Fax: +603 89435380 Email: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Hydrogels, Nanocomposites 1975-1979 B.S. (Chemistry) Indiana University , USA 1979-1982 MS. (Analytical Chemistry)University of Kentucky, USA 1983-present Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia



PO50 EEffffeecctt ooff GGaammmmaa IIrrrraaddiiaattiioonn oonn SSttaabbiilliittyy ooff IInntteerraaccttiioonn ooff HHyyaalluurroonniicc

AAcciidd ((HHAA)) wwiitthh DDiippaallmmiittooyyllpphhoosspphhaattiiddyyllcchhoolliinnee ((DDPPPPCC))

Ainee Fatimah Ahmad, Irman Abdul Rahman*, Faizal Mohamed, Shahidan Radiman, Hur Munawar Kabir Mohd, Muhammad Taqiyuddin Mawardi bin Ayob and Shamellia Sharin

School of Applied Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

*corresponding author: [email protected]

Hyaluronic acid (HA) is a high molecular weight and anionic polysaccharide which has an extraordinarily

high number of functions includes in our joint lubrication, wound healing and skin moisture depends on structural properties, chemical and its interaction with membrane lipid. DPPC lipids are developed as a biomembrane model as they resembled biological cells and plays an important role in joint lubrication since they filled the joint cavity and cover the cartilage of opposing bones. Exposure of a protein and lipid to ionizing radiation results in a degradation and depolymerizing molecular chains which altered the chemical and physiological functions caused by free radical. This research are conducted to investigate the hyaluronic acid (HA) with 1,2 -dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (DPPC) interaction in form of vesicles and its effect on the stability of HA-DPPC structure to gamma radiation. The size distribution of DPPC vesicles measured by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) is between 100 to 200 nm in diameter. HA was added into the vesicles and characterized by using TEM to determine vesicle size distributions, fusion and rupture of HA-DPPC structure. The results demonstrated that the size of the vesicles approximately between 200 to 300 nm which caused by vesicles fusion with HA and formed even larger vesicles. After being irradiated by 0 to 200 Gy, the Z-average of DPPC vesicles only decreased to 164.7 nm meanwhile for DPPC in presence of HA, the Z-average is 391.6 nm. FTIR spectra were carried out to clarified formation of double bonds at ~1700-1750 cm-1 which leads to formation of pyrancarboxylic acid rings and modified the structure of HA hence its effect the structure of the DPPC vesicles.

Keywords: Hyaluronic Acid (HA), Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), Gamma Irradiation, Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS), Transmission Electron Spectroscopy (TEM), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR)



ST1 CC1188--IImmpprreeggnnaatteedd AAggaarroossee--CChhiittoossaann FFiillmm ffoorr tthhee EExxttrraaccttiioonn ooff

BBeennzzoo[[aa]]ppyyrreennee ffrroomm CCooffffeeee SSaammpplleess

Ng Nyuk Ting 1, Mohd MarsinSanagi 1,2*, Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim 1,3 1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM JohorBahru,

Johor, Malaysia 2IbnuSina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Nanotechnology Research Alliance,

UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 3Faculty of Applied Sciences, UniversitiTeknologi Mara, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

This study investigates new approach and application of miniaturized sample preparation based on thin film microextraction (TFME) combined with reversed phase high performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the analysis of benzo[a]pyrene (BaP) in coffee samples. The method utilized C18

immobilized in agarose-chitosan film to serve as adsorbent in the microextraction. Blended agarose (Figure 1) and chitosan (Figure 2) film offers high surface area and mechanical strength to increase the dispersion of C18

onto surface film that prevents the agglomeration and leaching of adsorbent during application. The film was prepared by mixing C18, agarose and chitosan, followed by drying in controlled temperature in the oven. The prepared film was characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscope (FESEM), Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) and Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA). Microextraction of benzo[a]pyrene was performed by inserting a needle through circular C18-impregnated agarose-chitosan films (5 mm diameter) and the assembly was dipped into an agitated sample solution prior to high performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet analysis. The important parameters studied included amount of sorbent loading, stirring speed, conditioning and desorption solvent and adsorption and desorption time. This investigation is expected to give a high satisfactory relative recovery and high sensitivity of BaP at ngL-1 level in different brands of instant coffee. These ‘green’ natural polymers provide advantages as it is economical and eco-friendly.

Figure 1The basic secondary structure of agar1.Figure 2Chemical structure of chitosan2.

1. Labropoulos, K.C., Niesz, D.E., Danforth, S.C. and Kevrekidis, P.G. (2002). Dynamic Rheology of Agar Gels: Theory and Experiments. Part I. Development of a Rheological Model. Carbohydrate Polymer. 393–406.

2. Marc André Meyers, Chen P.Y., Albert Lin Y.M., Yasuaki Seki. (2008). Biological Materials: Structure and Mechanical Properties, Progress in Materials Science, Vol. 53, pp.1-206.

Ms. Ng Nyuk Ting Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia Phone: +6016 7863860 E-mail: [email protected] Research interest: Analytical Chemistry 2011-present B.Sc (Chemistry) UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM),

Malaysia



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PPoollyy((PPDDMMCCAAAAmm)) ffoorr BBSSAA CCoonnjjuuggaattiioonn bbyy RRAAFFTT PPoollyymmeerriizzaattiioonn

Nor Arbani Sean, Khairil Juhanni Abd Karim, Mohd Bakri Bakar


In this study, the maleimide end functionalized polymers for site-selective conjugation of Bovine Serum

Albumin (BSA) were synthesized using reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization. A furan-protected maleimide RAFT agent, 4-cyano-4-(phenylcarbonothioylthio)pentanoic acid (CPADB) was employed in the RAFT polymerization of poly(N,N-dimethylcarboxylate)acrylamide (PDMCAAm). In this study, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is used to determine the polydispersity index of the polymer as well as the distribution of the molecular weight. The maleimide group on the polymer chain end was exposed by heating the poly(PDMCAAm) for 4 h. It was estimated that the deprotection efficiency will be 60 to 80%. This will allow the maleimide available for protein (BSA) conjugations. The resultant polymer-BSA conjugates were characterized by using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR), and GPC. BSA is labelled with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FTIC) dye for cell image analysis. Ms. Nor Arbani Binti Sean Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Phone: +60 12 737 6793 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Organic Chemistry

2011-present B.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor



ST3 PPrreeppaarraattiioonn ooff PPoorroouuss CCaarrbboonn//TTiittaanniiaa oonn SSttaaiinnlleessss SStteeeell BByy HHiigghh VVoollttaaggee PPoowwddeerr SSpprraayy CCooaattiinngg aanndd CCoonnttrroolllleedd PPyyrroollyyssiiss aass CCaattaallyysstt ffoorr PPoolllluuttaanntt

DDeeggrraaddaattiioonn

Nur Adilah Hussien, Lai Sin Yuan, Sheela Chandren, Hadi Nur

Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

An approach to functionalize metal surfaces with porous carbon/titania composite by high

voltage powder spray coating followed by controlled pyrolysis,as catalyst for the degradation and adsorption of SO2, NOx, CO, VOC and other particulate matter, is proposed.The preparation of this catalyst involves high voltage spray coating of epoxide resin containing titania onto the surface of stainless steel, where titanium isopropoxide will be used as the precursor of titania. Prior to coating, the epoxide powders will be functionalized with different amount of titania, in order to determine the optimum ratio for the best attachment of the epoxide resin containing titania on stainless steel. Then, epoxide resin containing titania will be pyrolysed to obtain a porous structure carbon containing titania. The pores will increase the surface area which will lead to better adsorption and catalytic abilities of the material.Apart from the proposed carbon/titania, the carbon/metal oxide coated on the surface of the metals could be easily changed according to the needs of certain areas. For example, in industrial areas which release a lot of SO2, VOC, HCl and HBr, the suitable functionalization would be carbon/magnesium oxide, carbon/calcium oxide or carbon/ZnO-TiO2, well-known for their ability to adsorp and decompose the mentioned gases. This functionalization method is not only simple but will also be very resilient.



ST4 DDeemmeettaalllliizzaattiioonn ooff TTooxxiicc aanndd HHeeaavvyy MMeettaallss iinn CCllaammss,, PPaapphhiiaa TTeexxttiillee

UUttiilliizziinngg CCaattaallyyttiicc CChheellaattiioonn TTeecchhnniiqquuee

Nur Syafiqah Mohamad Sa’adan*, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar


Malaysian seashells can be contaminated with toxic and heavy metals which are cumulative poison through

long term ingestion. The side effects on health when exposing towards heavy metals contaminated in seashells for instance cadmium will cause kidney problem and bone fracture. In addition, arsenic contamination will cause hyperkeratosis and lead contamination will cause neurotoxic effects. Currently, no commercial technology has been developed for the removal of these toxic and heavy metals from contaminated seashells. Therefore, the purpose of study is to develop method that safely removes metals from contaminated in different type of seashells. The removal of toxic and heavy metals in seashells by catalytic chelation method was studied using three types of chelating agent which are sodium acetate, sodium citrate and sodium oxalate. Three types of alkaline earth metal oxide catalyst supported on Al2O3 are MgO, CaO and BaO were used. The catalyst that was use is not harm, reusable and environment friendly. All metals analysis was carried out using flame atomic absorption spectroscopy technique which detect the As, Pb, Cd and Ni. The presence of catalysts improved toxic and heavy metals removal in different type of seashells. The expected removal of toxic and heavy metals from this catalytic chelation technique are able to remove higher than 80% removal. From the analysis of initial concentration of toxic and heavy metals, As and Pb more than limit which 9.87 ppm and 1.77 ppm respectively. The characterization of catalysts was conducted by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Field Scanning Electron Microscopy analysis (FESEM), Nitrogen absorption (NA) and Energy Disperse X-Ray analysis (EDX).

Figure 1 Paphia Textile

Nur Syafiqah Mohamad Sa’adan Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: 012 7988605 E-mail: [email protected]

Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry



ST5 BBiiooddeeggrraaddaabbiilliittyy ssttuuddyy ooff CChhiittiinn NNaannoowwhhiisskkeerrss –– CChhiittaassoonn FFiillmmss

Nurul Faizah Abd. Ghapar, Zainoha Zakaria, Joazaizulfazli Jamalis, Syazeven Effatin Azma Mohd Asri

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru

Chitosan has a wide potential in the development of biodegradable film composites1. Chitin nanowhiskers-

chitosan film was prepared by solution casting method and the biodegradability properties was evaluated in different conditions; soil burial and immersion in water. CNW was prepared by hydrolyzing chitin powder with 3M HCl. The CNW-chitosan film was preparedat various CNW content (1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 %). CNW is highly crystalline and is expected to improve the strength of chitosan film. Characterization of the products were done using infrared (IR) spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The biodegradability is determined by mass loss of the film in the soil burial. The water absorption test was done to study the effect of water absorption rate on the physical properties of the film. It was found that chitin and chitosan have biodegradable properties and the CNW-chitosan films obtained has high transparency and is expected to display good mechanical properties1. These indicate that the biocomposite film can be used in membrane and packaging applications.

1. Sandeep S. Laxmeshwar, D.J. Madhu Kumar, S. Viveka and G. K Nagaraja (2012). Preparation and properties of biodegradable filmcomposites using modified cellulose fibre-reinforced with PVA, Journal of Polymer Science, vol. 2012

Ms. Nurul Faizah Abd Ghapar UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia (UTM), Email: [email protected] Research Interest Organic Chemistry, Material Chemistry 2011-present B. Sci. (Industrial Chemistry), UTM



ST6 MMaaggnneettiicc SSoolliidd PPhhaassee EExxttrraaccttiioonn ooff SSeelleecctteedd OOrrggaannoopphhoosspphhoorruuss PPeessttiicciiddeess UUssiinngg GGrraapphheennee OOxxiiddee DDiissppeerrsseedd WWiitthh FFee33OO44 NNaannooppaarrttiicclleess aass AAddssoorrbbeenntt

Siti Fatimah Jamian1, Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1,2* and Hamid Rashidi Nodeh1

1Separation Science & Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor

2Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor

*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim) Tel: +(60)-7-5534002, +(60-7-5534311, Fax: +(60)-7-5566162

Graphene and graphene oxide have received great attention due to its wide application in many fields due to

its high specific surface area, 2630 m2/g 1 and 833 m2/g 2, respectively. In this study, graphene oxide (GO) has been synthesized through oxidation of graphite via modified Hummer’s method. Fe3O4 MNPs were dispersed on GO sheets via one step co-precipitation method. The prepared GO and GO-MNPs Fe3O4 (GO- Fe3O4) were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). GO-MNPs was successfully used as adsorbent in magnetic solid phase extraction (MSPE) of two selected organophosphorus pesticides (OPPs), namely chlorpyrifos and diazinon from water samples and analyzed using gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Extracted OPPs were collected from solution using an external magnet without further need for filtration and centrifugation, thus saving time and money. GO-Fe3O4 MSPE method is an environmental friendly, fast, and low cost analytical extraction method for use as an alternative adsorbent in OPPs extraction.

1. Qing Ye Zhongbao Chen, liming Hong, L. L. Analysis of phthalate acid esters in environmental water by magnetic graphene solid phase extraction coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. J. Chromatogr. A1329, 24–29 (2014).

2. https://graphene-supermarket.com/High-Surface-Area-Reduced-Graphene-Oxide.html (accessed on 20 November 2014)

Ms. Siti Fatimah binti Jamian Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6014-7756306 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Green Extractions, Nanomaterials for separation 2011-present BSc. (Chemistry), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM)



ST7 SSyynntthheessiiss ooff MMaaggnneettiicc αα--FFee22OO33//MMCCMM--4411 CCoommppoossiitteess ffoorr

tthhee EEnnhhaanncceedd AAddssoorrppttiioonn aanndd SSttaabbiilliittyy ooff AAssppiirriinn

Hao Ting Teo1, Wai Ruu Siah2, Leny Yuliati2*




An ideal drug carrier should fulfil a few fundamental criteria such as the ability to store large amount of drug

and to ensure the adsorbed drug is stable before it is consumed. In this study, aspirin was chosen as a model drug. The stability of aspirin is easily affected by the heat and humidity of the surrounding, which would eventually lead to its degradation into acetic acid and salicylic acid.1 On the other hand, magnetic mesoporous silica composite can be a very useful drug carrier for targeted drug delivery due to their desirable magnetic property.2,3 Therefore, in this work, magnetic mesoporous silica (α-Fe2O3/MCM-41) composites with various Fe/Si molar percentages (5, 15, 25 and 35%) were prepared by direct hydrothermal and impregnation methods.

The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns confirmed the formation of α-Fe2O3 and the mesoporous network of MCM-41 on the α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 composites, either prepared by hydrothermal or impregnation method. Diffuse reflectance ultraviolet-visible (DR UV-Vis) spectra revealed that the absorption bands increased with the increase loading amount of α-Fe2O3. The adsorption capacity towards aspirin over the prepared α-Fe2O3, MCM-41, and α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 adsorbents were determined by monitoring the absorption wavelength of aspirin at 226 nm using UV spectroscopy. It was found that aspirin was unstable and converted to salicylic acid when bare α-Fe2O3 was used. In contrast, the hydrolysis of aspirin was not observed when MCM-41 and α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 composites were used as the adsorbents. As shown in Figure 1, the adsorption capacity of the MCM-41 was found to be significantly improved when the α-Fe2O3 was introduced into the mesoporous network. This result demonstrated the importance of both the MCM-41 support and the available Fe3+ ions in α-Fe2O3 to promote enhanced adsorption and stability of the aspirin. All of the hydrothermally prepared samples showed significantly higher amount of adsorbed aspirin as compared to the samples prepared by impregnation method. Since the hexagonal mesoporous structure of the composites prepared by hydrothermal method was better maintained than that prepared by the impregnation method, it was proposed that the ordered structure of the MCM-41 support played important role in the adsorption of aspirin.

1. Lee, S.; Dekay, H. G.; Banker, G. S. J. Pharm. Sci. 1965, 54, 1153. 2. Huang, S.; Li, C.; Cheng, Z.; Fan, Y.; Yang, P.; Zhang, C.; Yang, K.; Lin, J. J. Colloid Interf. Sci. 2012,

376, 312. 3. Zhao, W.; Gu, J.; Zhang, L.; Chen, H.; Shi, J. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2005, 127, 8916.

TEO HAO TING Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60149138307 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Material Science, Pharmaceutical Chemistry 2011-present Bachelor Degree of Science (Industrial Chemistry)

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

Figure 1. Adsorption of aspirin on MCM-41 and the best α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 samples for each series prepared by hydrothermal and impregnation methods.

Ads

orbe

d A

spir

in (

mg/

L)

Type of adsorbent

MCM-41

α-Fe2O3/MCM-41 hydrothermal

impregnation



ST8 FFaacciillee SSyynntthheessiiss ooff PPoollyypprrooppyylleennee IImmiinnee DDeennddrriimmeerr UUssiinngg PPoottaassssiiuumm

BBoorroohhyyddrriiddee // RRaanneeyy NNiicckkeell aass RReedduucciinngg AAggeenntt

Zuraini Md Zahir1, Salasiah Endud1,2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai, Johor, Malaysia

Dendrimers have attracted great interest due to their potential application in biomedical and industrial field. A facile method of synthesis of 5.0 generation Polypropyne imine (PPI) has been studied. This study aimed to study the effectiveness using Potassium Borohydride (KBH4) as reducing agent on yield of PPI in mild condition. All the synthesized generation dendrimers are characterized by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, 1H and 13C Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF). Generations of dendrimer were prepared through condensation reaction between ethylene diamine and acrylonitrile in 1:5 molar ratios in order to produce 0.5G PPI. Hydrogenation process using KBH4 and Raney Nickel as catalyst reduced PPI 0.5G to PPI 1.0G. PPI 5.0G were prepared by repetition of all the above steps consecutively, with increasing quantity of acrylonitrile. The conversion of 0.5 G to 1.0 G until was further confirmed by Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy, 1H Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy, CHN Analyzer and Matrix Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization Time-of-Flight (MALDI-TOF).

1. Egon Buhleier, Winfried Wehner, Fritz Vögtle (1978). ""Cascade"- and "Nonskid-Chain-like" Syntheses of Molecular Cavity Topologies". Synthesis 1978 (2): 155–158. doi:10.1055/s-1978-2470

2. Bo Wu, Ji Zhan (2008). “ Raney Ni/KBH4: an efficient and mild system for the reduction of nitriles and amines”

Miss Zuraini Mad Zahir Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia E-mail : [email protected]



ST9 SSyynntthheessiiss ooff pprreennyyllaatteedd cchhaallccoonnee

Hamizah Zaharudin, Shajarahtunnur Jamil


Chalcones (1) are found to be the important constituents of many

natural sources especially Artocarpus species. Prenylated chalcone (2) possessed myriad biological activities which recognised for beneficial effects on human health such as anticancer, antioxidant, antitumour and anti-inflammatory. The prenylated chalcone may be hard to synthesized since it is difficult to substitute a prenyl group into ortho position of hydroxyacetophenone since there are steric effects from the hydroxyl group which will hinder substitution. Therefore, this study will focus on prenylation and the suitable procedure which is able to produce the intended beneficial product and its derivatives to provide significance biological activities possess by prenylated chalcone.

In this study, prenylated acetophenone and their derivatives were synthesized using 2,4-

dihydroxyacetophenone and 2,4,6-trihydroxyacetophenone. Each starting material was reacted with prenyl bromide/geranyl bromide in the presence of K2CO3, butenal in the presence of pyridine and butenol in the presence of BF3.Et2O. The prenylated acetophenones were condensed with benzaldehyde and its derivatives in the presence of BF3Et2O or SOCl2 and also via Claisen Schmidt condensation (Scheme 1) to produce prenylated chalcone. The structures of the synthesized prenylated chalcones were characterized using spectroscopic methods which are NMR, IR, MS and UV-Vis. Finally, the prenylated chalcones were evaluated for their bioactivity such as antibacterial and antioxidant.

O O

H

O

+

OH-

Scheme 1 : Synthesis of Chalcone by Claisen-Schmidt Condensation

1. Jeffrey B. H., and Christine A. W. (2000) , Advances in flavonoids research since 1992 2. Basabe, P., Román M., and Urones J.G., (2010). Prenylflavonoids and prenyl/alkyl-

phloroacetophenones: Synthesis and antitumour biological evaluation. 3. Shweta G., Rahul S., and Narender T., (2014), synthesis and biological evaluation of chalcones as

potential antileishmanial agents. 4. Narender T., Reddy K. P., and Brijesh K., (2008), BF3.OEt2 mediated regioselective deacetylation of

phloroacetoxyacetophenonesand its application in the synthesis of natural products 5. Narender, T. and Reddy K. P., (2007). A simple and highly efficient method for the synthesis of

chalcones by using borontrifluoride-etherate

Hamizah bt Zaharudin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Skudai, Malaysia Phone: 0176208381 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: organic synthesis, Organic Chemistry 2011-present degree student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia

HO

OH O

OH

(1)

HO

OH O

OH

(2)



PO51 SSyynntthheessiiss,, CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn AAnndd XX--RRaayy CCrryyssttaallllooggrraapphhiicc AAnnaallyyssiiss OOff

MMiixxeedd--LLiiggaanndd MMeettaall CCoommpplleexxeess CCoonnttaaiinniinngg SSaacccchhaarriinn

Thahira B.S.A Ravoof*, Nur Shuhada Mohd Mokhtaruddin, Siti Aminah Omar, Mohamed Ibrahim Mohamed Tahir, Karen K. A. Crouse

Department of Chemistry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Malaysia

Tridentate Schiff base derived from dithiocarbazate and thiosemicarbazide were synthesized using various aldehydes via condensation. New mixed-ligand metal complexes were synthesized by reacting copper saccharinate with the appropriate Schiff bases ligands in water-ethanol mixtures and have been characterized by elemental analysis and conductance, magnetic, IR and electronic spectroscopic measurements. The complexes formed with general formula [Cu(sac)(NNS)(H2O)] where NNS is the tridentate Schiff base ligand. Magnetic and spectral evidence support a five-coordinate geometry for the complexes in which the Schiff bases coordinate as NNS tridentate ligand and the saccharinate anion coordinates as a unidentate N-donor ligand. An X-ray crystallographic structural analysis shows that the complex, [Cu(sac)(4M3T5MP)(H2O)] has a distorted square-pyramidal structure in which the Schiff base, 4M3T5MP behaved as a uninegative charged tridentate ligand and coordinated to the copper ion through the pyridine nitrogen atom, azomethine nitrogen atom and thiolate sulphur atom. The fourth and fifth coordination positions are occupied by the imino nitrogen of saccharinate anion and oxygen atom of the aqua ligand. The cytotoxic activities of the complexes and the Schiff bases were evaluated against two breast cancer cell lines, and found to be active when tested against MCF-7 (Estrogen Receptor Positive Human Breast Carcinoma Cells) and MDA-MB-231 (Estrogen Receptor Negative Human Breast Carcinoma Cells).

Dr. Thahira Begum Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E, Phone: +603-89466804 Fax: +603 89435380 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Synthesis, Organometallic and Bioinorganic Chemistry 1998-2002 B.Sc.Ed (Hons) Major Chemistry, Minor Biology,

Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Brunei 2002-2005 M.S (Synthesis), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2005-2009 PhD. (Synthesis), Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2010-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia.



PO52 IInnfflluueennccee ooff CCeerriiuumm oonn tthhee RReedduuccttiioonn BBeehhaavviioorr ooff IIrroonn OOxxiiddee bbyy UUssiinngg

CCaarrbboonn MMoonnooxxiiddee:: TTPPRR aanndd KKiinneettiicc SSttuuddiieess

Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Fairous Salleh, Alinda Samsuri, Rizafizah Othaman, Mohammad Bin Kassim, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham and Mohd Ambar Yarmo

Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan,

Malaysia

Reduction of iron oxide is one of the most studied topics owing to the importance of iron/steel industry and also has been used as a precurs and active component in number of important chemical processes including ammonia synthesis, Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, dehydrogenation of ethylbenzene to styrene and etc1. The interaction between iron oxide and other metal additive have gained interest in the past two decades due to the ability on enhancing the reduction performance of the iron oxide. Therefore, this study was undertaken to investigate the influence of cerium on the reduction behaviours of iron oxide by (10%,v/v) carbon monoxide atmosphere. The cerium doped (Ce-Fe2O3) and non-doped iron oxide reduction behaviour and the kinetic studies have been studied by temperature programme reduction (TPR) and the phases formed of partially and completely reduced samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction spectroscopy (XRD) while the activation energy values were calculated from Arrhenius equation using Wimmer’s method. TPR results indicate that the reduction of doped and undoped iron oxide proceed in three steps reduction (Fe2O3 → Fe3O4 → FeO → Fe) with doped iron oxide showed a large shifted towards lower temperature especially in the transition steps of FeO → Fe. Furthermore, TPR results also suggested that by adding Ce metal into iron oxide the reduction to metal iron completed at lower temperature (700 ⁰C) compared to non-doped iron oxide (900 ⁰C). Meanwhile, XRD characterization indicated that doped iron oxide composed of Fe2O3 and a small amount of FeCe2O4. The increase in the rates of iron oxide reduction may related to the presence of cerium species in the formed of FeCe2O4 and was confirmed by the decrease in the activation energy regarding to all transition phases (Fe2O3→ Fe3O4→ FeO → Fe) during the reduction proses.

1. Lorente, E.; Herguido, J.; & Peña, J. A.;Int J Hydrogen Energ 2011, 36, 21.

MissTengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia Phone: +601 2 6092874 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis, Physical Chemistry, Energy 2002-2005 B.Sc. Hons (Petroleum Chemistry) at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia 2007-2012 MSc. (Chemistry) at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia 2011-2013 Lecturer at Kolej Teknologi Timur, Malaysia 2013-present PhD candidate at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia



Figure 1 Investigated Schiff bases

PO53 NN--hheetteerrooccyycclliicc CCoommppoouunnddss aass EEffffiicciieenntt CCoorrrroossiioonn IInnhhiibbiittoorrss

Shadatul Hanom Rashid*, Adibatul Husna Fadzil, Nik Norziehana Che Isa

School of Chemistry and Environmental Studies, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia

Mild steel is the common material used in engineering applications and is easily susceptible to corrosion in

acidic media. Organic corrosion inhibitors are generally the most practical methods for combating corrosion of mild steel in acidic medium [1]. Investigations on the retarding influence of organic corrosion inhibitors on corrosion of metals have been extensively studied by various researchers [2,3].The selection of organic corrosion inhibitor normally involve compounds containing nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, sulphur atoms, triple bond and -electron rich phenyl rings in the structure, these should function as good inhibitors so as to induce greater adsorption on the metal surface, hence, promoting a better inhibition [4,5]. Beside the presence of heteroatom in the compound structure, substituent of different elements also affects the inhibitive properties [6].

Schiff bases, which are compounds having -C=N- (azomethine) functional group, are examples of such

organic inhibitors that fulfill both the requirements. They are typically formed by simple condensation reaction of a primary amine with aldehydes or ketones which are readily and cheaply available. In this study, two different Schiff bases (Figure 1) are successfully synthesized by the condensation reaction of appropriate amine with aldehydes. . The resulting Schiff bases are characterised for product identification via melting point, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy. Their corrosion inhibition property on mild steel in acidic media is investigated using weight loss and Tafel polarization methods. It is found that both compounds are able to retard corrosion of mild steel with the best inhibition to be above 80% efficiency.

OH

N

H

H2NCl

N

H

H2N

1. Khaled, F.; Hackerman, N. Electrochim. Acta 2003, 48, 2715. 2. Asan, A.; Soylu, S.; Kryak, T.; Yildirim, F.; Oztas, S.G.; Ancm, N.; Kabasakaloglu, M. Corros. Sci.

2006, 48, 3933. 3. Shokry, H.; Yuasa, M.; Sekine, I.; Issa, R.M.; El-Baradie, H.Y.; Gomma, K. Pergamon 1998, 40, 2173. 4. Yurt, A.; Ulutas, S.; Dal, H. App. Surf. Sci. 2006, 253, 919. 5. Emregul, K.C.; Atakol, O. Mater. Chem. Phys 2003, 82, 182. 6. Esteshamzade, M.; Shahrabi, T.; Hosseini, M.G. Appl. Surf. Sci. 2005, 252, 2949.

Mrs. Shadatul Hanom Rashid Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia Phone: +60193666791 Fax: +60355444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Corrosion Science, Physical Chemistry, Material Chemistry 2003-2006 B.Sc. (Hons) ChemistryUniversiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia 2007-2008M.Sc. Corrosion Control Engineering University of Manchester, UK 2008-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM) Malaysia

SB1 SB2



PO54 AAddssoorrppttiioonn ooff HHeeaavvyy MMeettaallss bbyy BBaannaannaa TTrruunnkk

Nurzulaifa Shaheera Erne Mohd Yasim1*, Zitty Sarah Ismail1, Suhanom Mohd Zaki2

1 Faculty of Applied Science, University Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 2 Faculty of Business Management, University Teknologi Mara (UiTM), 26400 Bandar Tun Razak Jengka,

Pahang, Malaysia

The presenters of heavy metals in the water bodies are generally coming from industrial activities such as

paint and pigment manufacturing and electroplating. The metals are requiring removal from industrial effluent before discharge into water bodies to avoid any severe effects to receptors. Currently, adsorption processes are used in the removal of heavy metals from contaminated water. An activated carbon is the most common type of absorbent used in the treatment of heavy metals. However, the derivation of an effective and low-cost adsorbent from agriculture waste is the subject of continuing significance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of banana trunk as an absorbent in the removal of heavy metals in aqueous solution. Functional groups of absorbent were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR). Batch experiments were conducted to determine the adsorption percentage of heavy metal (Cu, As, Pb and Zn). The higher adsorption percentage among the four types of investigating heavy metals was Pb with 99.34%. The adsorption percentage of heavy metals were in order Pb > Zn > Cu > As.

Metal adsorption can influence by several parameters such as pH, temperature, contact time and dosage. In

this study, the optimum of adsorption using banana trunk based on different pH, contact time and dosage were analyzed in batch experiments. The result showed that the relationships of pH, contact time and dosage with adsorption percentage are directly proportional. Maximum adsorption percentage of all four types of heavy metals were obtained at pH 6 with 100 minutes of contact time and 8 grams of dosage. Langmuir isotherm and Freundlich isotherm were used to determine the equilibrium state for heavy metals ion adsorption experiments. All equilibrium heavy metals were well explained by the Langmuir isotherm model with R2 = 0.971, R2 = 0.993, R2 = 0.973 and R2 = 0.986 for Cu, As, Pb and Zn respectively. It was revealed that the banana trunk has considerable potential for the removal of heavy metals in contaminated water; moreover it is economically feasible adsorbed.

Nurzulaifa Shaheera Erne bt Mohd Yasim University Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Selangor, Malaysia Phone: +6017 5140265 Fax: +603 55444562 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Environmental Chemistry, Radiochemistry

2007-2010 Bach of Science (Hons.) – Chemistry, UPM, Malaysia 2011-2012 Master of Environmental Science, UPM, Malaysia 2012-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Mara (UiTM), Malaysia



PO55 EEffffeecctt ooff ZZiirrccoonniiaa oonn RReedduuccttiioonn BBeehhaavviioouurr ooff TTuunnggsstteenn OOxxiiddee iinn

VVaarriioouuss CCoonncceennttrraattiioonn ooff CCaarrbboonn MMoonnooxxiiddee

Fairous Salleh, Alinda Samsuri, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham, Rizafizah Othaman and Mohd. Ambar Yarmo

Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Science & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

Zirconia doped tungsten oxide were prepared with an impregnation method. The reduction behaviour of

zirconia doped tungsten oxide and effect of zirconia on the property of WO3 were studied using temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The reduction characteristics of WO3 to WO2and subsequently WO2 to W were examined at up to temperature 900 ºC by various concentration of carbon monoxide.The reduction process could be divided into two stages: reduction of WO3 to WO2, reduction of WO2

to metallic W1. It has been reported oxides having compositions such as WO2.96, WO2.9, WO2.72, WO2, WO, and W3O may be formed2. Analysis by XRD results indicated that zirconia was successfully doped into the crystal lattice of WO3. Based on the characterization of the reaction products using XRD, the addition of zirconia could give significant influence by decrease the reduction temperature of tungsten oxide and enhance the ability of reduction involved compared to reduction of non-doped tungsten oxide. This might due to the presence of tungsten zirconium, W2Zr.

1. Kwak, J. H., Han, G. Y., & Yoon, K. J. Int. J. of Hydrogen Energy. 2013, 38, 20. 2. Zaki, M. I., Fouad, N. E., Mansour, S. a. a., & Muftah, a. I. (2011). Thermochimica Acta, 2011, 52,1-2.

Mrs. Fairous Salleh National University of Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +601 92761691 Fax: +603 89254550 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis, Renewable Energy, Physical Chemistry 2002-2005 B.Sc. with (Hons) in Resource Chemistry from Universiti Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS), Malaysia 2007-2011 M.Sc. by Research from Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM), Malaysia: Renewable Energy 2011-2012 Lecturer at Kolej Teknologi Timur (KTT), Sepang 2013-present PhD candidate at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia



PO56 AAllkkaalliinnee--PPeerrooxxiiddee TTrreeaattmmeenntt ooff FFiibbeerr ffoorr IImmpprroovviinngg tthhee TTeennssiillee PPrrooppeerrttyy ooff OOiill PPaallmm MMeessooccaarrpp FFiibbeerr//PPoollyy((bbuuttyylleennee ssuucccciinnaattee))

BBiiooccoommppoossiittee

Yoon Yee Then 1*, Nor Azowa Ibrahim1, Buong Woei Chieng1, Norhazlin Zainuddin1, Hidayah Ariffin2, Wan Md Zin Wan Yunus3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 2Department of Bioprocess Technology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti

Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia 3Department of Chemistry, Centre For Defence Foundation Studies,National Defence University of

Malaysia, Sungai Besi Camp, Federal Territory of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Recently, the use of natural fiber as an alternative to synthetic fiberinbiocomposite applications has attracted much attentiondueto itsabundancy, low density,low cost, non-abrasive, non-toxic, renewabilityand biodegradability1,2.However, lack of good interfacial adhesion between hydrophilic fiber and hydrophobic polymer matrix and poor moisture absorption resistance have limited many of its applications. Thus, chemicaltreatment of fiber is of importance as it can alter the surface properties offiber by elimination of waxy and non-cellulose (lignin and hemicellulose) substances, improving the adhesive characteristic of fiber. Oil palm mesocarp fiber (OPMF) is an agriculture residue generated in the palm oil mill after screw pressing of oil palm fruit for extraction of crude palm oil3. Currently, it is used as a low value boiler fuel to generate electricity for the palm oil mill4. Therefore, it is no doubt that the exploitation of the OPMF for biocomposite applicationswill be an added value of OPMF in the future.

In this work, OPMF was modified via alkaline peroxide treatment using combination of hydrogen peroxide withsodium hydroxide. The effect of this treatment on the microstructure of fiber was studied using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis. The FTIRand SEMresults revealed that this treatment resulted in a removal of lignin, hemicellulose and waxy substances, and change in the fiber surface morphology. The XRD analysis showedan increasedin crystallinity of treated fiber. The eco-friendly biocomposite from poly(butylene succinate) (PBS) and chemically treated fiber was fabricated by melt blending technique and hot-pressed moulding. The melt blending process was carried out at 120 ˚C for 15 min with rotor speed of 50 rpm in a Brabender internal mixer. The tensile property of the biocomposite was determined using an Instron Universal Testing Machine. The result showed that alkaline peroxide treatment of fiber improved the strength, stiffness and toughness of PBS/fiber biocomposite. SEM analysis showed improvement of the interfacial adhesion between the chemically treated fiber and PBS.This work demonstrated that alkaline peroxide treatment of fiber was beneficial for biocomposite fabrication.

1. Singha, A.S.; Thakur, V.K. Bull. Mater. Sci. 2008,31, 791. 2. Ku, H.; Wang, H.; Pattarachaiyakoop, N.; Trada, M. Compos. Part B 2011, 42, 856. 3. Sreekala, M.S.; Kumaran, M. G.; Thomas, S. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 1997, 66, 821. 4. Lau, H.L.N.; Choo, Y.M.; Ma, A.N.; Chuah, C.H.J. Food Eng. 2008, 84, 289.

Mr. Then Yoon Yee Universiti Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: +601 68772256 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry 2004-2007 BSc (Petroleum Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2008-2011 Master (Polymer Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2012-present PhD at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia



PO57 SSyynntthheessiiss AAnndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn OOff TTrraannssiittiioonn MMeettaall CCoommpplleexxeess

CCoonnttaaiinniinngg NN--MMeetthhooxxyybbeennzzaallddeehhyyddee NNiittrrooggeenn--SSuullpphhuurr DDoonnoorr LLiiggaannddss DDeerriivveedd FFrroomm SS--RR--BBeennzzyyllddiitthhiiooccaarrbbaazzaattee

Enis Nadia MdYusof, *Thahira B.S.A. Ravoof M. Ibrahim M. Tahir and K. A Crouse

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor

*corresponding author: [email protected]

Three series of bidentate Schiff bases derived from S-benzyldithiocarbazate (SBDTC), S-2-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate (S2MBDTC) and S-4-methylbenzyldithiocarbazate (S4MBDTC) were synthesized using 2-methoxybenzaldehyde (2MB) and 3-methoxybenzaldehyde (3MB)via condensation. The Schiff bases were then complexed with the respective metal salts to produce transition metal complexes. The metal complexes formed are expected to have a general formula of [M(NS)2] where M = Cu2+, Ni2+, and Zn2+. These compounds were characterized by elementalanalysis, molar conductivity, magnetic susceptibility and various spectroscopictechniques. The magnetic susceptibilitymeasurements and spectral results support the four-coordinate geometry in which theSchiff bases behave as the tridentate NS donor ligand coordinating via the azomethine nitrogen, and thiolo sulphur atom.Single Crystal X-raycrystallographic analysis of three new Schiff bases which are SB2MB, S2M2MB, S2M3MB and one new nickel (II) complex,NiSB3MB shows that it exhibited a distorted square planar structure. The NiSB3MB complex crystallized in a monoclinic system with a space group P 21/c and the Schiff base of SB2MB, S2M2MB, and S2M3MB crystallized in a triclinic, monoclinic and monoclinic with a space group P ī, P 21/n, andP 21/c. The Schiff bases and their metal complexes have beenevaluated for their biological activities against an estrogen receptor positive breast cancercell line (MCF-7) and an estrogen receptor negative breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231). All of the Cu(II) complexes showed marked cytotoxicityagainst the cell lines while the other complexes were found to be inactive. The binding interaction of the copper(II) complexes with calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) was investigated and experimental evidence indicated that the copper (II) complexes have a good binding affinity to the CT-DNA (calf-thymus DNA), in agreement with the cytotoxic data. Enis Nadia binti Md Yusof Universiti Putra Malaysia E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Inorganic Chemistry 2008-2011 B. (Chemistry Resource) UNIMAS 2012-present M. (Inorganic Synthesis) UPM



PO58 PPoollyy((llaaccttiicc aacciidd)) ppllaassttiicciizzeedd wwiitthh EEppooxxiiddiizzeedd PPaallmm OOiill aanndd PPoollyy((eetthhyylleennee

ggllyyccooll)) HHyybbrriidd PPllaassttiicciizzeerr

Buong Woei Chieng*, Nor Azowa Ibrahim

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Biodegradable poly(lactic acid) has received great attention recently. PLA offers a possible alternative to the

traditional non-biodegradable polymers especially when their recycling is difficult or not economical. However, some of its disadvantages such as relatively poor mechanical properties, slow crystallization rate and slow degradation rate have limited its wider applications1. Therefore, polymer blending, plasticization and nanocomposites preparation have often been employed to modify the physical properties of PLA in order to extend the practical applications.

Plasticizers as polymer additives serve to decrease the intermolecular forces between the polymer chains, resulting in a softened and flexible polymer matrix. They increase the polymer’s elongation and enhance processability by lowering the melting and softening points and viscosity of the melts2. Petroleum based plasticizer are standard compounding ingredients, however epoxidized vegetable oil-based plasticizer is employed as a feasible alternative. Vegetable oils are derived from plants and chemically are composed of different triacylglycerols, i.e. esters of glycerol and fatty acids3. The incorporation of two or more plasticizers into a single polymer matrix has led to the development of hybrid plasticizer. The behaviour of hybrid plasticizer is a weighed sum of the individual components in which there is more favourable balance between the inherent advantages and disadvantages4.

In this study, low molecular weight poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) and epoxidized palm oil (EPO) were used as hybrid plasticizers to plasticize poly(lactic acid) (PLA). Using the solubility parameter, a tentative evaluation of the hybrid plasticizer that could act as the most effective plasticizer for PLA has been performed and the obtained results have been corroborated with the materials physical properties. Excellent plasticizing effect was obtained by hybrid plasticizer (PEG/EPO) with ratio 2:1 (2P:1E). Addition of 2P:1E hybrid plasticizer to PLA shows a significant improvement of 12402 %, compared to neat PLA. The improvement in flexibility and decrease in rigidity for the plasticized PLA is well evidenced by lower glass transition temperature (Tg) and tensile modulus values. In relation to the thermal stability, a decrease in thermal properties of the hybrid plasticized PLA was observed due to the volatility of the plasticizers. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) shows that the hybrid plasticizer was turned PLA’s smooth surface to fibrous structure and rough fracture surface.

1. Liu, H.; Zhang, J. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 2011, 49, 1051 2. Vieira, M. G. A.; Silva, M. A.; Santos, L. O.; Beppu, M. M. European Polymer Journal 2011, 47, 254. 3. Tan, C. P. and Man, Y. B. C. Phytochemical Analysis 2002, 13, 129. 4. Ren, Z., Dong, L. and Yang, Y. Journal of Applied Polymer Science 2006, 101, 1583.

Mr. Chieng Buong Woei Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +6017 6728087 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Nanocomposites 2005-2008 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia , Malaysia 2008-2010 M.Sc.(Polymer Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2011-present PhD (Polymer Chemistry) Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia



PO59 GGlluuccoossiinnoollaatteess && MMyyrroossiinnaassee AAccttiivviittyy iinn MMoorriinnggaa OOlleeiiffeerraa

Asheladevi Ahmad, Noumie Surugau, Tan Wei Hsiang

Faculty of Science and Natural Resources, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Sabah,Malaysia

Moringa oleifera which is known as a ‘miracle tree’ possess many valuable properties not only essential

nutrients, e.g. proteins, calcium, potassium, vitamins and minerals, but also phytochemicals such as glucosinolates which make it of great scientific interest.1 Glucosinolates co-exist with myrosinase isoenzymes which are responsible for releasing a broad range of breakdown products including isothiocyanates and nitriles.2In this study, we attempted to determine the glucosinolates content in moringa species through utilization of an enzymatic assay. Glucosinolates are extracted three-time with hot 70% methanol to inactivate myrosinase and sinigrin is used as internal standard. The levels of intact glucosinolates in various parts of Moringa plant extracts e.g. roots, leaves, flowers, green pods, bark and seeds, is determined by reverse-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and calculated from a standard curve of freshly prepared pure sinigrin (allyl-glucosinolate) as nmol injected. The effect of temperature, pH, and different concentration of ascorbic acid and Fe2+ on myrosinase activity is evaluated and expressed as amount of transformed sinigrin in mmol min−1 g−1 DW. Due to the lack of available standard reference materials, we performed NMR for structure determination and identification of glucosinolates and its transformation products. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, glucosinolates, myrosinase, high performance liquid chromatography

1. Rochfort, S., Caridi, D., Stinton, M., Trenerry, C. V., Jones, R, J. of Chro. A, 2006, 1120. 2. Bellostas, N., Sorensen, A. D., Soreensen, J. C., Sorensen, H, J. of Mol. Cat B: Enzymatic, 2009, 57.

Ms. Asheladevi Binti Ahmad Universiti Malaysia Sabah Phone: +6019 5824264 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Separation Chemistry

2006-2009 BSc. (Hons) Chemistry (Forensic Analysis) UiTM, Malaysia 2012-Present On going Master Sc. Industrial Chemistry UMS, Malaysia



PO60 IInntteerrffaacciiaall IInnssttaabbiilliittiieess iinn CCoonnffiinneemmeenntt

Siti Aminah Setu1,2*, Dirk G. A. L. Aarts2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia 2Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford,

United Kingdom

Interfacial instabilities and wetting phenomena of phase separated colloid-polymer mixtures areaddressed in this study. Colloidal particles offer certain advantages over molecular systems, due to their larger lengthscales and slower timescales. Moreover, the phenomena can be directlyvisualised using laser scanning confocal microscopy, and a perfect match with soft-lithographyfabrication techniques can be exploited.In particular, we study the viscous fingering instability in three dimensions, focusing onthe role of wetting conditions and of thermal fluctuations. Combined with results obtained bylattice Boltzmann simulations, we reveal that the cross-over of the meniscus in the directionacross the channel thickness is controlled by the capillary and Peclet numbers, and viscositycontrast of the system. The curvature of the meniscus has a pronounced effect on the onset of the Saffman-Taylor instability, in which the formation of the viscous fingers is suppressedup to a certain threshold. Furthermore, we investigate a related contact line instability, which leads to entrainment and subsequent droplet pinch-off. A theoretical prediction for the onset of the instability is developed, which shows a good agreement with the experimental observations and yields a method to directly measure the slip length of the interface. The large thermal fluctuations of our interface play an important role in pinch-off events, leading to periodicemission of droplets of similar sizes. Dr. Siti Aminah Setu Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM) Phone: +6019 7423950 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Research interests: Colloid-polymer mixture, wetting, hydrodynamics 2005-2008 B.Sc. (Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2009-2014 PhD in Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, University of Oxford 2008-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia



PO61 EEffffeecctt ooff ZZiirrccoonniiuumm DDooppiinngg oonn tthhee RReedduuccttiioonn BBeehhaa vviioorr ooff MMooOO33 ttoo

MMooOO22 bbyy uussiinngg CCaarrbboonn MMoonnooxxiiddee aass RReedduuccttaanntt

Alinda Samsuri1,2*, Fairous Salleh1, Tengku Shafazila Tengku Saharuddin1, Mohamed Wahab Mohamed Hisham1, Rizafizah Othaman1, Mohd. Ambar Yarmo1

1Low Carbon Economy (LCE) Research Group, School of Chemical Science & Food Technology, Faculty of Science & Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia

2 Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

The reduction of molybdenum trioxide, MoO3 by using carbon monoxide, CO have been studied by

temperature programmed reduction (TPR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The TPR results show that the reduction peak of MoO3 with CO begins at 650°C. Since the melting point of MoO3 is 795°C, reduction of MoO3 to MoO2 need to complete at temperature below than this. If the reduction of MoO3 is not completed below this temperature, it will end up as a fused mass 2. Zirconium addition to modified MoO3 reliable to lower the reducing temperature of MoO3. The TPR results show that the reduction peak of doped MoO3 are slightly shifts to lower temperature as compared with the pure MoO3. The interaction between zirconium and molybdenum ions leads to this slightly decrease of the reduction temperature of zirconium doped MoO3. Based on the characterization of the reaction products using XRD, it confirmed that the reduction of MoO3 to MoO2 by CO consists of two reduction stages, namely, Mo6+ → Mo5+ and Mo5+ → Mo4+1. Reduction of pure MoO3 to MoO2was a consecutive reaction with the intermediate products Mo9O26 and Mo4O11. However, only intermediate product Mo4O11formed with doping of zirconium to MoO3. It can be seen that doping with zirconium has a remarkable influence in the reduction process of the powders.

1. Jinshu, W.; Zhiyuan, R.; Wei, L.; Fei, G.; Meiling, Z. Int. J. of Ref. Metals & Hard Materials. 2009, 27, 155.

2. Saghafi, M,; Ataie, A.; Heshmati-Manesh, S. Int. J. of Ref. Metals & Hard Materials. 2011, 29, 419. Mrs. Alinda Samsuri Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +601 33302108 Fax: +603 89254550 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis, Renewable Energy, Physical Chemistry 2005-2008 B.Sc. Hons. (Anal. & Env. Chem.) Uni. Malaysia Terengganu (UMT), Malaysia 2008-2010 M.Sc. (Anal. Chem. & Instrumental Analysis) Uni. Malaya (UM), Malaysia 2011-present Tutor at Uni. Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Malaysia 2013-present On study leave for PhD at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia



PO62 SSyynntthheessiiss ooff 22′′--hhyyddrrooxxyy--44’’--OO--pprreennyyllcchhaallccoonneess

Nur Edelin Mohd Fauzi, Farediah Ahmad


Prenylatedchalcones are known to have wide spectrum of biological activities which include antioxidant,

antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase1-3. Xanthohumol (Figure 1)whichwasisolated from Humulus Lupulus4 is an example of aprenylatedchalcone with biological activities of anti-inflammatory.

Due to these activities, four O-prenylatedchalcone, namely 2′-hydroxy-4-(N,N-dimethyl)amino-4′-O-prenylchalcone (8), 2′-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4’-O-prenylchalcone (9), 2′-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-4’-O-prenylchalcone (10) and 2′-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-4′-O-prenylchalcone (11) have been synthesized. To get the desired prenylated substitution, 2,4-dihydroxyacetophenone (1) and dimethylallyl bromide (2) were subjected to prenylation process(Scheme 1) in the presence of DBU and THF to afford 2′-hydroxy-4′-O-prenylacetophenone (3) which later underwent Claisen-Schmidt condensation with benzaldehyde derivatives (4-7) under basic media to form the above mentioned compounds. All structures were confirmed by spectroscopic methods which include infrared and nuclear magnetic resonance as well as physical data which were compared with the literatures. The results on anticholinesterase activities of the synthetic compounds will also be discussed.

1. Szwajgier, D. Pol. J. Food Nutr. Sci., 2013, 1, 59-64. 2. Nowakowska. Eur. J. of Med. Chem., 2007, 42, 125-137. 3. Vogel, S.; Barbic, M.; Jurgenliemk, G.; Heilmann, J. Eur. J. of Med. Chem., 2010, 45, 2206-2213. 4. Wesolowska, O.; Gasiorowska, J.; Petrus, J.; Czarnik-Matusewicz, B.; Michalak,K. Biochimica et

Biophysica Acta 1838, 2014, 173-184. Ms. Nur Edelin Mohd Fauzi UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, Malaysia. Phone: +607 5534166 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Chemistry 2009-2012 BSc. (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2013-present MSc. (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

O

HO

OH

Br

DBU, THF

Stir 24hrs

O

OH O

RH

O

50% KOHEthanolStir 24hrs

O

O

OH

R

(4) R;4- (N, N-dimethyl)aminobenzaldehyde(5) R; 2-methoxybenzaldehyde(6) R; 4-isopropylbenzaldehyde(7) R; 3,4-dimethoxybenzaldehyde

(1)(3)

(2)

OCH3

O

HO

OH

OH

Figure 1 Xanthohumol

(8) R; 2′-hydroxy-4-(N,N-dimethyl)amino-4′-O-prenylchalcone (9)R; 2′-hydroxy-2-methoxy-4’-O-prenylchalcone (10) R; 2′-hydroxy-4-isopropyl-4’-O-prenylchalcone (11) R; 2′-hydroxy-3,4-dimethoxy-4′-O-prenylchalcone

Scheme 1 Synthetic pathway of 4-O-prenylchalcones



PO63 TThhee UUttiilliizzee ooff MMoonnttmmoorriilllloonniittee NNaannooppaarrttiiccllee MMooddiiffiieedd bbyy PPoollyyeetthhyylleennee

GGllyyccooll ffoorr PPrreeppaarriinngg CCaassssaavvaa SSttaarrcchh--BBaasseedd BBiiooddeeggrraaddaabbllee FFiillmm

Hamonangan Nainggolan, Harry Agusnar, Feri Handayani and Saharman Gea

Department of Chemistry- University of North Sumatera

Study of cassava starch-based biodegradable film preparation using glycerol as plastisizer and monmorillonite nanoparticle as filler has been done. The montmorillonite was modified by a non-ionic surfactan, polyethylene glycol. The film preparation was varying filler and made by using casting methode to acquire films with 0.2 mm of average thickness. Mechanical, barrier ability, morphology and thermal propeties of films were characterized then. The composition of film with optimum propeties was 10 g starch , 2 g glycerol and 0.5 g organo monmorillonite which the tensile strength value was 17.336 MPa and elongation at break was 2.77%. Barrier ability of optimum film that known from water vapour permeability was 0.009077261 x 10-10 g/m.s.Pa while the film without filler has 0.009635862 x 10-10 g/m.s.Pa. The lower of WVP showns that barrier ability of films through water vapour was better. From SEM analysis, known that organo-montmorillonite has a good interaction with cassava starch by the refined surface of film. The decomposition temperature of optimum film was 279.36oC while the film without filler has 257.43oC. Keywords : Montmorillonite, polyehylene glycol, cassava starch, biodegradable film



PO64 DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff EEtthhaannooll iinn IImmppoorrtt aanndd LLooccaall PPrreeppaarreedd VViinneeggaarr ffoorr

HHaallaall iinn AAccccoorrddaannccee ttoo SShhaaffii’’ii SScchhooooll ooff JJuurriisspprruuddeennccee

Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin1,*, Aminuddin Ruskam1, Abdul Rahim Yacob2, Nor Suhada Mohd Amin1

1Faculty of Islamic Civillisation, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor, Malaysia

The percentage of ethanol in food has raised controversy in Islamic society. Different countries have their

own standard in the permissibility of ethanol percentage in foods and drink. National Fatwa Council only permitted below 1 percent of ethanol in food or drinks. Vinegar contains ethanol which resulted from incomplete fermentation process. This study aims to determine ethanol content in vinegar and to compare between modern processing and traditional produced vinegar. Method of processing vinegar and alcohol content were based on the guideline according to Shafi’i schools of jurisprudence. This study applied two methods, laboratory test and interview. Laboratory study used Ultraviolet-Visible Spectrophotometer (UV-Vis) and Infrared Spectroscopy (IR) as instrument of analysis. Nvivo 7.0 program was used to analyze qualitative data. Ten samples of imported and local prepared vinegar were selected which includes one traditional prepared. Results showed that the highest ethanol content was 3.21 percent in the market vinegar while the lowest percentage of ethanol is in the traditional vinegar, which is 1.70 percent. Interviews found that traditional method used in the process of making traditional vinegar is in sync with Shafii schools of jurisprudence’s guideline in making vinegar. All in all, samples analyzed for ethanol content were above National Fatwa Council. Thus, study suggests permitted ethanol content standards for processed foods through fermentation method to be reviewed and improved.

1. al-Bayjuri, I. (1999). Hasyiah As-Syeikh Ibrahim Al-Baijuri Ala Syairah Al-Alamah Ibnu Qasim Al-Ghazi Ala Matni As-Syeikh Abi Suja’. Beyrut: Dar Al-kutb Al-Ilmiah.

2. al-Sharbini, S. a.-D. a.-K. (1994). Mughni al-Muhtaj ila Ma’rifat Ma'ani alfaz al-Minhaj. Beirut, Lubnan: Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah.

3. Fletcher, P. J., & van Staden, J. F. (2003). Determination of ethanol in distilled liquors using sequential injection analysis with spectrophotometric detection. Anal Chim Acta, 499(1), 123-128.

4. Görög, S. (1995). Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry in pharmaceutical analysis: CRC press Boca Raton, FL. 5. Jamaludin, M. A., & Radzi, C. W. J. W. M. (2009). Teori istihalah menurut perspektif Islam dan sains: aplikasi

terhadap beberapa penghasilan produk makanan. Jurnal Syariah, 17(1). 6. Juned, A. A. A. (2000). Fatwa Mufti Kerajaan (1999). Brunei: Syarikat Perniagaan Bismi dan Al-Hidayah. 7. Nascimento, E. C., Araújo, M. C., & Galvão, R. K. (2011). A flow-batch analyzer for UV-Vis spectrophotometric

detection of adulteration in distilled spirits. Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society, 22(6), 1061-1067. 8. Pinang, P. P. P. (2006). Halal Haram: Buku Penting Untuk Umat Islam. Pulau Pinang: Persatuan Pengguna Pulau

Pinang. 9. Scott, J., & Carrington, P. J. (2011). The SAGE handbook of social network analysis: SAGE publications. 10. Urbano-Marquez, A., Estruch, R., Navarro-Lopez, F., Grau, J. M., Mont, L., & Rubin, E. (1989). The effects of

alcoholism on skeletal and cardiac muscle. New England Journal of Medicine, 320(7), 409-415. 11. Urbano, A., Lakshmanan, U., Choo, P. H., Kwan, J. C., Ng, P. Y., Guo, K., . . . Porter, A. (2005). AIF suppresses

chemical stress‐induced apoptosis and maintains the transformed state of tumor cells. The EMBO journal, 24(15), 2815-2826.

Mr. Ahmad Syukran Baharuddin Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +61 32001876 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Philosophy of Forensic Science in Islam, Halal Analysis, Islamic Law 2009-2012 B.A.(Hons.) Shari’ah and Islamic Jurisprudence 2013-present Ph.D Student of Fiqh Science and Technology

Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Malaysia



PO65 Effects of Test Paper Drying and Reaction Periods on Silver ion-Arsine

Complex Color Development for a Simple and Rapid Arsenic (V) Determination

K. K. Ong.1*, J. H. Leong2, Wan Yunus, W. M. Z.3, A. Fitrianto4, C. C. Teoh5,A. G. Hussin3,M. B. Ahmad6,

A. F. M. Azmi1

1Department of Chemistry, Foundation Studies Defence Centre, UniversitiPertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2 Faculty of Engineering, UPNM, Kem Sungai Besi, 57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 3Department of Defence Science, Faculty of Science and Defence Technology, UPNM, Kem Sungai Besi,

57000 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 4Department ofMathematics, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM),

43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 5Mechanisation and Automation Research Centre, MARDI Headquarter, G. P.O. Box 12301,

50774 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia 6Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UPM, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Arsenic is a toxic metalloid element that exists in different forms in nature and can be accumulated by

various biota and environmental media. The WHO provisional guideline value for arsenic in drinking water is set to be 10 μg/L. Current techniques for the environmental monitoring of arsenic are usually sophisticated, time consuming and inappropriate for on-site analysis.We are developing a simple and rapid colorimetric quantitative method based on a color complex formed by silver ion impregnated on a filter paper with arsine gas produced from arsenic ion reduction by hydrogen generated from zinc and sulfamic acid reaction in the sample. In this report we describe effects of drying of the silver ion impregnated filter paper and exposing of this test paper to the arsine gas periods. The data obtained are digitized and used to develop a model for arsenic (V) ion estimation. The study reveals that when 4.0 g of sulfamic acid and 2.0 g of zinc powder are used to reduce 50 ml of arsenic solution sample, the drying and exposure periods needed are 20s and 10 minutes respectively.

1. Salman, M.; Athar, M.; Waheed-uz-Zaman, Shafique, U.; Anwar, J.; Rehman, R.; Ameer S; Azeem M. Anal. Methods 2012, 4(1), 242.

2. Fendorf, S; Michael, H. A.; van Geen, A. Science 2010, 328(5982), 1123. 3. Shan, H.; Jinsuo, L.; Chuanyong, J. Journal of Environmental Sciences 2012, 24(7), 1341. 4. Abrazhee, R. V.; Zorin, A. D.; Savinova, N. P.; Sannikova, Y. I. J. Anal. Chem. 2002, 57, 280. 5. Mirhosseini, H.; Tan, C. P.; Sheikh Abdul Hamid, N.; Yusof, S. J. Agric. Food Chem. 2007, 55(19),

7659. 6. Sankararamakrishnan, N.; Chauhan, D.; Nickson, R. T.; Tripathi, R. M.; Iyengar, L.Science of The

Total Environment2008, 401(1-3), 162. Assoc. Prof. Dr. Ong Keat Khim Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia Phone: +603 90513400 Fax: +603 90574291 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry 1996 B.Sc.(Hons) UPM, Malaysia 1999 Master of Science, UPM, Malaysia 2007 PhD (Chemical Engineering), UPM, Malaysia 2008-present Lecturer at Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia, Malaysia



PO66 EElleeccttrriiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff NNaaffiioonn--111177 iinn MMeetthhaannooll AAnndd DDeeiioonniizzeedd WWaatteerr aatt

VVaarryyiinngg TTeemmppeerraattuurreess

R. Ibrahim Putera

Physics Department, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perak) Kampus Tapah, Perak, Malaysia

With the current need to find renewable and alternative energy, proton exchange fuel cell designs are getting

more attention to be more efficient in hopes to cater to our daily energy consumption. Direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) is one type of proton exchange fuel cell that uses methanol as its fuel. Methanol is favored for its advantages in ease of transport, being a stable liquid while still energy-dense. The efficiency of the DMFC is quite low, and the proton exchange membrane is continually being modified to achieve a more efficient design. Nafion has been found to be an effective membrane to be used in such a design for its property to allow transport of hydrogen ions while at the same time, prevent electron conduction. Doyle [2] and Edmondson [3] has concluded that limited studies have been done in non-aqueous environments. Doyle further noted that uptake of solvent by the membrane influences ionic conductivity of the membrane. While Abed [4] reported with the uptake of alcohol, the membrane shows a decrease in conductivity.

This paper discusses the effects of solution uptake, pure methanol and pure deionized water, on the dielectric

constant and conductivity of the Nafion membrane and the effect of temperature as well. The result correlates strongly with Doyle’s and Abed’s findings, where when the membrane is soaked in methanol, the conductivity is less than that of when Nafion is soaked in deionized water. The dielectric constant is also shown to be lower in the methanol uptake when compared to deionized water. Temperature has shown to affect greatly the value of dielectric constant as well as conductivity. Nafion soaked in methanol has shown to have decreased value for dielectric constant and conductivity as temperature is raised from 28oC to 65oC. For Nafion soaked in deionized water, these values shows an increment when temperature is raised from 26oC to 65oC. At 1MHz, the conductivity and dielectric constant for Nafion in methanol (28oC) is 1.2 x 10-3 S/m and 1.2 x 10-9 respectively, while at 65oC is 7.1 x 10-3 S/m and 1.6 x 10-9. For Nafion soaked in deionized water, the recorded values are 6.3 x 10-3 S/m and 1.6 x 10-9 (at 26oC) and 1.3 x 10-2 S/m and 2.5x 10-9 (at 65oC) respectively.

1. Slade S.; Campbell S.A.; Ralph T.R.; Walsh F.C., J. Electrochem.Soc. 2002, 149, A1556–A1564. 2. Doyle M.; Lewittes M.E.; Roelofs M.G.; Perusich S.A.; Lowrey R.E., J. Membr. Sci. 2001, 184, 257–

273. 3. Edmondson C.A.; Stallworth P.E.; Wintersgill M.C.; Fontanella J.J., Dai Y.; Greenbaum S.G.,

Electrochem. Acta 1998, 43, 1295–1299. 4. Abed M. Affoune; Akifumi Yamada; Minoru Umeda, Journal of Power Sources 148, 2005, 9–17. 5. Fontanella J.J.; Wintersgill M.C.; Chen R.S.; Wu Y.; Greenbaum S.G., Electrochim. Acta. 1995, 40,

2321. 6. Song S.Q.; Zhou W.J.; Li W.Z.; Sun G.; Xin Q.; Kontou S.; Tsiakaras P., International Journal of Ionics

2004,10, 458-462. Mr. Raja Ibrahim Putera Raja Mustapha Universiti Teknologi MARA (Perak) Kampus Tapah, Perak, Malaysia Phone: +60 1 2639 4770 Fax: +60 54067712 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Fuel cell, renewable energy 2005-2008 BSc (Honours)- Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 2008-2011 MSc- Physics, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia 20011-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA (UiTM), Malaysia



PO67 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd PPhhyyssiiccoocchheemmiiccaall CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff NNeeww DDeeeepp EEuutteeccttiicc SSoollvveennttss ((DDEESSss)) TTeettrraabbuuttyyllaammmmoonniiuummbbrroommiiddee PPaaiirreedd wwiitthh EEtthhyylleennee

GGllyyccooll

Rizana Yusof*, Emilia Abdulmalek, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia

Deep eutectic solvent (DES) appears as an alternative class of liquids closely similar to ionic liquids (ILs).

DES showed unique physical properties such as wide solubility, low volatility, low flammability and low melting point1which are similar to ILs but more biodegradable, cheap and easy to prepare2. Generally, DESs are synthesized by mixing a quaternary ammonium halide salt with hydrogen bond donor (HBD) such as urea, acid or polyol. So, DESs are structurally different from ILs, which consist of HBD as well as ionic and non-ionic species. The formation of hydrogen bond through halide ion and HBD has significantly depressed the freezing point of DES3. In order to be used in specific application, the properties of DES can be tuned by varying the salt and HBD combination. To date, DESs have been considered in many industrial applications as media solvent in organic synthesis, catalysis, electrochemistry, dissolution and extraction process2.

In this study, new DESsTetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr) salt combined with ethylene glycol as hydrogen bond donor (HBD) were synthesized in different molar ratio (1:2 to 1:6). Density, viscosity, ionic conductivity, surface tension, pH, water content and miscibility of these DESs were analyzed. The studies were done at different salt to HBD molar ratio (1:2 to 1:6) and different temperatures (303 to 333K). The measured density, viscosity, surface tension and pH of DES decreased with an increase in temperature, while ionic conductivity increases with temperature. When the HBD ethylene glycol was added into DES, the density and ionic conductivity were increases while pH and viscosity decreases.This study may provide valuable contribution for the design and study of DESs.

N

Br

OHHO

N

Br O

O

H

H

O

O

H

H

+

1 molTetrabutylammonium bromide (TBABr salt)

2 molethylene glycol (EG)

60 oC

3-5 hours

DES TBABr:EG (ratio 1:2)

Miss. Rizana Binti Yusof Universiti Putra Malaysia(UPM), Selangor Phone: +61 2 9665426 Fax: +603 89435380 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Chemistry

1997-2001 B. Chemistry (Honors) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia , Malaysia 2001-2004 M.Chemistry (Analytical) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2005-2006 Chemist at Malaysia Chemistry Department, Malaysia 2006-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA Malaysia (UiTM), Malaysia 2012-present On study leave for PhD at University Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia

Scheme 1 Synthesis of deep eutectic solvents



PO68 AAmmiinnoo bbaasseedd mmeettaall oorrggaanniicc ffrraammeewwoorrkkss aass hheetteerrooggeenneeoouuss ccaattaallyysstt ffoorr

SSuuzzuukkii RReeaaccttiioonnss

Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin,*, Karimah Kassim and Wan Nazihah Wan Ibrahim School of Chemistry and Environment

Faculty of Applied Sciences, University Technology MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

Metal organic framework (MOF) was found to be an active heterogeneous catalyst for carbon-carbon

coupling reactions. In this study, three different ligands, Dimethyl 5- aminoisophthalate, Dimethylnitroterephthalate and 2-aminoterepthalic acid were used as metal linker ligand. The addition of Di-tert-butyldicarbonate (Boc) during synthesis of ligand acted as protection of amine group.Thisamino based metal organic framework was successfully synthesized using post-synthetic modification methods which prevent the repulsion and the bulkiness of ditertbutylcarbonate as well as to increase the pore size of frameworks.

The palladium supported on amino functionalized metal-organic frameworks (Pd-MOF) has proven to

overcome the issues of production cost due to increasing the recyclability of production. Despite of that, amino based metal organic framework will decrease the leaching of catalyst during the reaction. The aim of this study is to synthesize amino based metal organic framework for the catalytic performance of Suzuki cross coupling reaction. In this study, the MOFs were characterized using Fourier Transform Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results obtained are presented. Ms. Siti Nurhazlin Jaluddin University Technology MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia Phone: +6017 2028554 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalyst Application, Organic Chemistry 2010-2012 Bsc. Hons Chemistry (Analysis Forensic) UiTM, Malaysia 2013-2014 Msc in Sciences (Chemistry) UiTM, Malaysia



PO69 FFlluuoorriinnee--DDooppeedd TTiinn OOxxiiddeeaassaaCCaattaallyyssttSSuuppppoorrtt ffoorr GGllyycceerrooll

HHyyddrrooggeennoollyyssiiss

Wan Zurina Samad1,2*, Norazzizi Nordin1, Mohd Ambar Yarmo1, and Muhammad Rahimi Yusop1

1School of Chemical Sciences & Food Technology, Faculty Of Sciences & Tecnology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.

2 Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Ahmad Shah, Bandar Indera Mahkota, 25200 Kuantan, Pahang Darul Makmur, Malaysia.

A New role for FTO has been identified in this work, since this material was observed to have quite similar

properties to TiO2, SiO2, and Al2O3. FTO has high thermal stability (~1200-1500 oC), does not readily decompose, exhibits a suitable surface area, and is non-toxic. Furthermore, FTO is very easy to synthesize, less expensive than TiO2 and nano particulate. FTO is known as an amphoteric material, which means it simultaneously contains both basic and acidic site. Because of these advantages, FTO was introduced a support material in the heterogeneous catalysis of glycerol hydrogenolysis. Usually, hydrogenolysis processes take place at an acidic or basic site.

Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) powder has been developed as an alternative catalyst support for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol. The affinity of FTO powder for metal ions such as Ru, Pd, and Os ions has generated interest in the use of this metal oxide as a catalyst support. In this work, FTO powder was calcined and impregnated with a Ru(IV). Reduction to metallic Ru was achieved by treatment with 10% hydrazine solution. The resulting catalyst was used for the hydrogenolysis of glycerol, which produces a mixture of products dominated by 1,2-propanediol. Some parameters such as glycerol concentration, H2 batch, metal loading and time of reaction have been tested for their impact on catalytic activity. The optimized conversion of glycerol and selectivity for 1,2-propanediol were 99% and 94%, respectively. The reaction was optimally conducted at 150 oC, under 20 bar of H2 pressure, and 8 h.

1. Samad, W. Z; Salleh,M. M; Shafiee,A; Yarmo.M. A. Sains Malaysiana.2011, 40(3),251 – 257. 2. Nakagawa,Y;Tomishige, K. Catal Sci,Tech. 1, 2011, 179 – 190. 3. Samad, W. Z; Yarmo, M. A; Salleh, M. M. Adv. Mater. Res. 2011,173, 128 – 133.

Hamzah,N. N; Nordin,M. A; Nadzri, A. H. A; Nik,Y. A; Kassim, M. B;Yarmo, M. A. Appl. Catal. A: General. 2012, 419 – 420, 133 – 141.

Miss Wan Zurina Binti Samad Universiti Kebangasaan Malaysia, (UKM) Phone: +6012-2443579 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Physical Chemistry, Heterogeneous Catalyst, Renewable sources, 2004-2008 Bsc (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2008-2010 Msc (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia 2012-present PhD (Chemistry) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia

Scheme 1 proposed system of Ru/FTO catalyst for glycerol hydrogenolysis



PO70 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff JJaattrroopphhaa ((JJaattrroopphhaaccuurrccaass LL..))

OOiill--BBaasseedd UUrreetthhaannee AAccrryyllaattee ffoorr PPoollyymmeerr EElleeccttrroollyyttee AApppplliiccaattiioonn

Min Min Aunga,b*, SitiRosnaha, AzizanAhmadc,MahnazAbdia,b

aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor D.E, Malaysia

bInstitute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor cDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology, National University, 43600 Bangi, Selangor,

Malaysia

Email: *[email protected]

Vegetable oil-based polymer coating emerged as an environmentally friendly substitute for petrochemical-based materials. Palm oil-based polyurethanes have been studied extensively and the poor performance it is probably due to the high content of saturated fatty acids. However, vegetable oil-based polymerswhichhave high content of unsaturated fatty acid could be used to make commercial bio-based polymer coating. Jatropha oil is non-edible oil and it has 78.5% unsaturated fatty acids. In this study,jatrophaoil-based urethane acrylate wasdeveloped as a polymer membrane. Polyolwas prepared by hydroxylation and alcoholysisto further react with isocyanate and acrylatation to form urethane acrylate resin. Then, added the LiClO4 and photo polymerisation of urethane acrylateto form polymer electrolyte membrane. Analysis was performed using spectroscopic techniques, such as FTIR,1H NMR and impedance spectroscopy (EIS).The electrolytes showed good electrochemical stability and it could be potential for photoelectrochemical cell (PEC) application.

Keywords:,Polymerelectrolyte; Jatrophaoil-based urethane acrylate, Polyol, Photoelectrochemical cell



PO71 AA SSttuuddyy oonn tthhee DDeeaacciiddiiffiiccaattiioonn ooff HHiigghh--AAcciiddiittyy CCrruuddee OOiill UUttiilliizziinngg

CCooppppeerr CCeerriiuumm OOxxiiddee BBaasseedd CCaattaallyysstt

Nurasmat Mohd Shukri1*, Jafariah Jaafar1, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar1, Zaiton Abd Majid1

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru,Johor, Malaysia.

The corrosion of refinery equipment have been observed in the processing of high acidity crude oils due to

the presence of naphthenic acids (NAs). This has led to high maintenance of processing equipment, low in crude oil quality and price. Thus, a feasibility study on the application of a novel catalytic deacidification technology was conducted to remove the NAs in crude oil to meet the PETRONAS requirement for total acid number (TAN) <1. Petronas Penapisan Melaka Heavy Crude assigned ascrude A with a TAN value of 3.73 was used in this study. An ammoniated polyethylene glycol (NH3-PEG) with concentration range of 100-1000 mg/L were formulated as the base chemical. Cerium oxide doped with copper oxide supported on alumina, which acts as the basic catalyst was synthesized using wet impregnation method and characterized via BET, FESEM-EDX and XRD.The catalytic activity in deacidification of crude oil A was conducted. Various parameters such as the amount of chemical dosing, calcination temperature of catalyst, and ratio of dopant was conducted to study the optimization conditions for the removal of NAs. The experimental study revealed that a Cu/Ce 10:90 /Al2O3 which was calcined at 1000oC is a promising basic catalyst for catalytic deacidification of crude oil with 85 % (TAN=0.56) removal for NAs. Keywords: Naphthenic Acids, Catalytic Deacidification, Ammoniated-polyethylene glycol, Copper doped cerium oxide catalyst Ms. Nurasmat Binti Mohd Shukri Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60 13 7909379 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected]. Research interests: Green Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Catalysis & Industrial application. 2008-2011 B.Science (Industrial Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2011-present Postgraduate student (PhD) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM), Malaysia



PO72 CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn ooff ppaatttteerrnneedd ccaattaallyyttiicc ssuurrffaaccee ffoorr ssuupprraammoolleeccuullaarr

ttrriisshhyyddrraazzoonnee hhyyddrrooggeell ffoorrmmaattiioonn

Nor Hakimin Abdullah1*, Wan Azelee Wan Abu Bakar1, Rafaqat Hussain1, Jan van Esch2


2Advanced Soft Matter Group, Department of Chemical Enginering, Delft University of Technology, 2628 BL Delft, the Netherlands

In recent years, supramolecular hydrogel has been in the centre of attention since it exhibits unique features

and particular properties such as the ability to self-assemble and stack on each other to form fibrous networks and it’s properties can be controlled by using pH and enzyme. In this work, supramolecular gel formation can be controlled by chemical catalyst such as simple acid whereby Cyclohexane-1,3,5-tricarbohydrazide and 3,4-bis(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy)-benzaldehyde were mixed together in the presence of catalyst to induce the formation of hydrazone bond between molecules resulting in trishydrazone hydrogelators. From our study, in the beginning, Polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) stamps with micrometer-sized pattern were used to transfer the pattern onto glass slide with a solution of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (MPTS) 20 % v/v in toluene as ink. Then, it is followed by oxidation of the thiol groups into sulfonic acids using hydrogen peroxide to serve as a medium for trishydrazone hydrogelators formation via interfacial acid catalysis. Verification of MPTS grafting on substrate was confirmed by Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy (CFM) images where it showed the fluorescent patterns corresponding to those previously stamped. Oxidation of –SH into –SO3H was characterized by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). Data from AFM study showed that the height of –SH monolayer on substrate was 0.8 ± 0.2 nm and still intact after oxidation. XPS spectra for –SH demonstrated that two peaks at 162.8 and 163.8 eV indicating the present of thiol group on surface while –SO3H revealed the presence of a single peak at 168.16 eV in the sulphur atom region. The presence of –SO3H pattern on substrate significantly changed the rate of the trishydrazone hydrogelators formation leading to spatial confinement growth of hydrogelators on catalytic surface.

Mr. Nor Hakimin bin Abdullah Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60 13 8787153 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected]. Research interests: Catalysis, Self-assembly, Supramolecular hydrogels 2003-2006 B.Science (Nuclear Science) UKM, Malaysia 2007-2009 M. Science (Nuclear Science) UKM, Malaysia 2014 – present Postgraduate student (PhD) at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia

(UTM), Malaysia



PO73 BBiioopphhyyssiiccaall PPrrooppeerrttiieess ooff DDNNAA iinn HHyyddrraatteedd IIoonniicc LLiiqquuiidd

Khairulazhar Jumbri, Haslina Ahmad, Emilia Abdul Malek, Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul Rahman*

Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

The properties of DNA especially its stability is critically important for many aspects of nucleic acids

metabolism and plays a major role in biomedical applications. For many years, the solvent used for DNA solvation is strongly influences the DNA conformation. Traditionally, both aqueous and non-aqueous solvents are widely used especially as an extraction/separation or storage media for DNA. However, DNA generally is not stable in aqueous solutions at ambient temperatures for long periods (several days to 1 month).1Besides that, DNA is destabilize by induced strand separation or formation of toroid-like conformations2,3and loses its native structure in various organics solvents such as methanol, formamide, pyridine or dimethyl sulfoxide.4,5 A new class of non-aqueous solvent known as ionic liquids (ILs) is going beyond some expectation in life science applications. Based on their remarkable properties, they are widely used as a potential solvent in nucleic acids technology.6,7 This future solvent is applied in improving the drawbacks created by aqueous and organic solvents. In our recent work, biophysical spectroscopic is used to evaluate the properties and behavior of natural B-DNA conformation in hydrated 1-ethyl-3-butylimidazolium bromide ionic liquid ([C2bim]Br). The effect of concentration and temperature towards the DNA stability are determined. The structure stability and interaction properties of IL-DNA are also studied. All results are characterized using fluorescence, circular dichroism (CD) and UV-visible spectroscopy. References: 1. R. Vijayaraghavan, A. Izgorodin, V. Ganesh, M. Surianarayanan and D. R. MacFarlane, Angew. Chem.

Int. Ed. 2010; 49, 1631. 2. Y. Feng, T. S. Spisz, J. H. Hoh, Nucleic Acids Res. 1999, 27, 1943. 3. A. Montesi, M. Pasquali and F. C. MacKintosh, Phys. Rev. E 2004, 69, No. 021916. 4. B. Hammouda and D. Worcester, Biophys. J. 2006, 91, 2237. 5. F. Ke, Y. K. Luu, M. Hadjiargyrou and D. Liang, PLoS One 2010, 11, No. e13308 6. I. Khimji, K. Doan, K. Bruggeman, P.-J. J. Huang, P. Vajha and J. Liu, Chem. Commun., 2013, 49,

4537. 7. Y. Zhang, X. Chen, J. Lan, J. You and L. Chen, Chem. Biol. Drug Des. 2009, 74, 282. Mr. Khairulazhar Jumbri Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia Phone: +603 8946 6798; Fax: +603 8943 2508 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Synthetic Chemistry, Computational Chemistry 2007-2009 MSc (Biocatalyst) UPM Malaysia 2010-present PhD on-going (Organic and Computational Chemistry) UPM Malaysia



PO74 NNeeww AApppprrooaacchheess oonn tthhee EExxttrraaccttiioonn ooff AAllkkaallooiidd ffoorr CCaatthhaarraanntthhuuss rroosseeuuss

Nur Aisyah Daud1, Juriffah Ariffin1, Ku Halim Ku Bulat2

1 School of Fundamental Education and Liberal, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

2 School of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia

Catharanthus roseus were extracted under indirect sonication in a simple ultrasonic bath. Ultrasonic Assisted Extraction (UAE) is a very efficient extraction procedure based on high amount yields of crude alkaloid. UAE is a good alternative to conventional because it is possible to reach sustainability in development of environmentally friendly extraction techniques. It is also to develop techniques in extraction alkaloids from plant sources by generating new parameters. The parameters studied were different sonication time (30 minute and 60 minute), different temperature (28 , 35 and 45 ) and different solvent (n-hexane, ethyl acetate and methanol). The optimized parameters of the UAE give a better extraction compared to conventional techniques which are reducing time consuming, decrease the solvent consumption, good reproducibility in increasing the extraction yield and enhance the quality of extracts. Ms. Nur Aisyah Daud Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia Phone: +6013 718 4505 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Natural Product 2008-2012 B.Sc. (Chemistry) Universiti Malaya, Malaysia 2013-present Research Assistant, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, Malaysia



PO75 Deoxygenation of Triolein to Biofuel over Nickel Supported on

Hexagonal Mesoporous Silica

Zulkepli S. 1, Juan J.C. 1*, Oi L.E. 1, Lee H.V.1, Rahman N.A.1, Lai C.W.1, Hamid S.B.A.1,Yusop M.R.2

1Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia 2 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, National University of Malaysia,43600 Bangi,

Selangor

Green biofuel production has been rapidly received attention by researchers due to rise of petroleum prices,

government regulations, the global warming and consequently contributing to greenhouse gas reduction, decreased dependence on fossil fuels1. Currently, much attention focuses on technology by using deoxygenation of vegetable oils to produce biofuel2. A series of nickel supported on hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS)2 with different ratio were successfully synthesized at ambient temperature via a neutral templating pathway using dodecylamine (DDA) as a surface directing agent. The Ni supported on HMS (Ni-HMS) catalysts were used as solid catalyst for converting triolein into liquid fuel at 350°C under solvent-free condition. The catalysts were prepared by using an impregnation method. The prepared Ni-HMS was characterized by XRD, BET and XRF techniques. It is found that the pore structure and the surface area play an important role in the enhancing the catalytic performance. The selectivity of the products ranging from heavy and light hydrocarbon fraction was influenced by the amount of Ni on HMS support. This study has revealed that Ni-HMS catalyst is potential to be used for development of sustainable fuelfrom non-edible oil as an alternative to fossil fuel.

CO2

R

OH

R

R

O

OH

R

O

R

H2

R

O

H R OH

R CO2/CO

H2

H2 CH4 Methane

R CH3

H2- H2O

R

O

O R

R-COOH

1. Zacher A.H.; Olarte M.V.; Santosa D.M.; Elliott D.C.; Jones S.B. Green Chem. 2014, 16, 491. 2. Viswanadham N.;Saxena S.K. Fuel Process. Technol. 2013; 119,. 158–165. 3. Juan J.C.; Zhang J.C;Yarmo M.A;Appl. Catal. A: Gen. 2008, 347, 133.

Assoc. Prof. Dr. Juan Joon Ching University of Malaya, Malaysia Phone: +6037967 6960 Fax: +6037967 6556 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Energy and Environment Catalysis 2005-2007 PhD (Chemistry) National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2013-present Associate Professor atUniversity of Malaya (UM), Malaysia

Scheme 1 Synthesis route of fatty acid (oleic acid) to long chain hydrocarbon (biofuel). R = C18:1



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MMooddiiffiieedd GGllaassssyy CCaarrbboonn EElleeccttrrooddee iinn tthhee DDeetteerrmmiinnaattiioonn ooff PPaarraacceettaammooll

Ngai K.S. 1*, Tan W.T. 1, Zulkarnain Z. 1, Ruzniza M.Z. 1, Juan J.C. 2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia,43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

2 Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre (NANOCAT), University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

Electrochemical determination of paracetamol by using a bare glassy carbon electrode (GCE) has several

limitations including low detection limit and poor sensitivity. Recently, scientists have great interest in modifying the electrode based on various electron transfer mediators to improve the electrode performance. Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles are widely used due to their excellent electron transfer activities and electrochemical properties. A simple, sensitive and effective method was developed for the determination of paracetamol using cyclic voltammetry. A novel electrochemical sensor based on single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and nickel nanoparticles was fabricated via mechanical attachment. The characterization of the modified electrode was performed via cyclic voltammetry (CV). Surface morphology and elemental profile were examined by using variable pressure scanning electron microscopy (VPSEM) and energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) analyser, respectively. A pair of reversible and well-defined redox peaks was observed with an enhancement factor of 4 in comparison to the bare electrode. The electrocatalytic study indicates that the SWCNT/Ni-modified electrode is depended on the effect of scan rate, paracetamol concentration, temperature and pH. The calibration plot displayed a sensitivity of 63.8 mA M-1 and a detection limit of 1.17 x 10-7 M in determining the paracetamol. Moreover, the SWCNT/Ni-modified electrode presented satisfactory results when applied in the determination of paracetamol content in real pharmaceutical samples. The results indicate that the proposed electrochemical sensor exhibits excellent electrocatalytic activity towards paracetamol.

Assoc. Prof. Dr Juan Joon Ching University of Malaya, Malaysia Phone: +6037967 6960 Fax: +6037967 6556 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Energy and Environment Catalysis 2005-2007 PhD (Chemistry) National University of Malaysia, Malaysia 2013-present Associate Professor atUniversity of Malaya (UM), Malaysia

Figure 1 Voltammograms for the determination of 0.1 mMparacetamol in 0.1 M KH2PO4at a (a) bare GCE, (b) nickel/GCE and (c) SWCNT/Ni/GCE.



PO77 SSoollvveenntt EExxttrraaccttiioonn ooff AAnnttiiooxxiiddaanntt ffrroomm GGuuaavvaa FFrruuiitt :: OOppttiimmiizzaattiioonn

UUssiinngg RReessppoonnssee SSuurrffaaccee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy

Mariani Rajin*, Norliana Mohd Yamin

Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia

Guava or Psidium Guajava L. is a local fruit contains relatively high amount of natural antioxidant that help

the body to develop protection, resistance against infectious agents and scavenge cancer. In this study, solvent extraction method was used to extract the antioxidant from guava fruit. Three extraction parameters were studied namely solvent concentration (methanol/water, 50–100%, v/v), solid-liquid ratio (1-5%, wt/wt) and extraction temperature (27 – 50°C). The parameters effects on extractability of total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of guava fruits were investigated.It was found that solvent concentration and solid-liquid ratio has significant effect on both total phenolic content and antioxidant activity. Meanwhile, the extraction temperature has less effect on the antioxidant activity. The extraction factors has been further optimized using Response Surface Methodology. The optimum extraction conditions were found to be 60.13 % (v/v) methanol/water concentration, with solid/liquid ratio of 1.81 % (wt/wt) and extraction temperature of 45.3oC Mrs. Mariani Rajin Faculty of Engineering, University Malaysia Sabah, Kota Kinabalu,Sabah, Malaysia

Phone: +6013 8759760 Fax: +6088320348 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Natural Product, Enzyme Technology 1998-2003 B.Eng.(Chemical) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2005-2006 M.Sc (Chemical Engineering) Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia 2006-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia



PO78 Solvent Free Oxidation Of Benzyl Alcohol Using Gold Palladium By

Supported Catalyst

N.S. Nordin1, N.S. Rahim1, M.I. Saiman1,2*

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Catalysis Science and Technology Research Centre (PutraCat),University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

Oxidations of alcohol using gold palladium supported catalysts were widely used since the use of gold

catalyst has shown successful in many research fields. The discovery shows that gold catalyst with the supported catalyst has been effective for the oxidation of alcohols to aldehyde. The use of gold supported catalyst in this study has been introduced to make the reaction to be more active and selective towards to desired product such as benzaldehdye.Two different support catalysts were used (TiO2 and carbon) to compare the selectivity and conversion from the reaction. Influence of different parameter and catalytic system either it is mono or bimetallic Au-Pd on the process performance also has been studied. The catalytic function of gold catalyst has been examined throughout the evaluation was made by study the effect of different mass loading of metal, preparation methods, and time of reaction. In this research, mono and bimetallic Au-Pd catalysts were prepared by using two different methods; impregnation and sol-immobilization method. After that, the prepared catalysts were used for the oxidation of benzyl alcohol in the mild temperature (~ 80oC) using hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) as an oxidant and this reaction was performed for 4, 8 and 24 hours. Gas chromatography GC was employed to identify the compound present in the reaction. The effect of the gold palladium ratio on the conversion and selectivity was observed and the synergistic effect present in the reaction. For the activated carbon support, the 0.5%wt Au – 0.5%wtPd prepared via sol immobilization gives high conversion of 48.5% and via impregnation method 0.5% conversion. The TiO2 support for ratio 0.5%wt Au- 0.5%wtPd prepared by sol-immobilization method gives conversion of 34% and meanwhile by impregnation method 0.5%wt Au- 0.5%wtPd gives 14.6% conversion. Moreover, bimetallic catalyst having greater catalytic activity compared to monometallic catalyst of either Au or Pd for both preparation methods. In addition, this study shown that prolonging the reaction up to 24 hours has increased the rate of conversion with linear effect. The reaction was performed successfully at mild condition with addition of oxidants with the presence of gold-palladium on supported catalyst thus the main objectives for this study has achieved.

Dr. Mohd Izham bin Saiman Universiti Putra Malaysia Phone: +603-89467238 Fax: +603- 89435380 E-mail: [email protected]

1999-2002 B.Sci (Petroluem Chemistry) UPM, Malaysia 2003-2006 M.Sci (Material Chemistry) UPM, Malaysia 2006-2012 PhD in Heterogeneous Catalysis, Cardiff University, Wales, UK 2012-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia, UPM, Malaysia



PO79 AAnnttiiooxxiiddaanntt AAccttiivviittyy,, TToottaall PPhheennoolliicc CCoonntteenntt ooff TTuummeerriicc ((CCuurrccuummaa

lloonnggaa)) :: OOppttiimmiizzaattiioonn ooff eexxttrraaccttiioonn uussiinngg RReessppoonnssee SSuurrffaaccee MMeetthhooddoollooggyy

Murni Sundang*, Hayireen Losuil, Noor Maizura Ismail

Fakulti Kejuruteraan, Universiti Malaysia Sabah, 88450 Kota Kinabalu Sabah

The extraction efficiency of phenolic components from herb material is considerably depending on the type of solvent, solvent concentration and time of extraction. In this study, solvent extraction method was used to extract phenolic component from Turmeric root by varying these three parameters which can affect the total phenolic content (TPC) and antioxidant activity (AA) of the extract. The Turmeric extract were analyzed by using Folin-Ciocalteu Reagent to examine the TPC while DPPH (1, 1-diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl) reagent was used to examine the AA. UV-Vis spectrophotometer was used to analyze the absorbance of the extract. The preliminary results shows acetone as the best extraction solvent compared to methanol and ethanol, while the best extraction condition was 60% acetone concentration and 180 min of extraction time. In order to optimize TPC and AA of extract, Response Surface Methodology (RSM) was performed in conjunction with central rotatable design (CCRD) where 13 runs were suggested by the software. Experimental design result shows that the optimum condition was found at 54.38% acetone concentration and 214.97 min of extraction time. Under these optimized conditions, the predicted responses was 242.35 mg GAE / 100 g FW and 81.95 % scavenging activity, which was in close agreement with the experimental values. From this study, TPC and AA have linear correlation.

Mrs. Murni Sundang Universiti Malaysia Sabah, Malaysia Phone: +6012 8896072 Fax: +6088 320000 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Natural product and Material technology

2000-2005 B.Eng.(Chemical) UTM , Malaysia 2005-2007 M.Eng (Chemical) UTM , Malaysia 2007-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Sabah (USM), Malaysia



PO80 CCaattaallyyttiicc ccoonnvveerrssiioonn ooff TTrriioolleeiinn ttoo BBiiooffuueell oovveerr NNiicckkeell SSuuppppoorrtteedd oonn

HHeexxaaggoonnaall MMeessooppoorroouuss SSiilliiccaa

Zulkepli S. 1*, Juan J.C. 1, Oi L.E. 1, Lee H.V.1, Rahman N.A.1, Mijan N.A.1, Abidin S.Z.1, Lai C.W.1, Yusop M.R.2

1 Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

2 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, National University of Malaysia,43600 Bangi, Selangor

Green biofuel production has been rapidly received attention by researchers due to rise of petroleum prices, government regulations, the global warming and consequently contributing to greenhouse gas reduction, decreased dependence on fossil fuels1. Currently, much attention focuses on technology by using deoxygenation of vegetable oils to produce biofuel2. A series of nickel supported on hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS)2 with different ratio were successfully synthesized at ambient temperature via a neutral templating pathway using dodecylamine (DDA) as a surface directing agent. The Ni supported on HMS (Ni-HMS) catalysts were used as solid catalyst for converting triolein into liquid fuel at 350°C under solvent-free condition. The catalysts were prepared by using an impregnation method. The prepared Ni-HMS was characterized by XRD, BET and XRF techniques. It is found that the pore structure and the surface area play an important role in the enhancing the catalytic performance. The selectivity of the products ranging from heavy and light hydrocarbon fraction was influenced by the amount of Ni on HMS support. This study has revealed that Ni-HMS catalyst is potential to be used for development of sustainable fuel from non-edible oil as an alternative to fossil fuel.

CO2

R

OH

R

R

O

OH

R

O

R

H2

R

O

H R OH

R CO2/CO

H2

H2 CH4 Methane

R CH3

H2- H2O

R

O

O R

R-COOH


Suraya Zulkepli University of Malaya, Malaysia HPhone: 0194889395 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Renewable Energy Catalysis/Inorganic/Organic Synthesis 2005-2007 Bachelor of Science (Hons.) (Chemistry),National University of

Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 2008-2013 Master of Science (Organic Synthesis), Faculty of Pharmacy,

University Technology of Mara (UiTM), Malaysia 2014-present PhD Student (Chemistry) at University of Malaya




PO81 PPrroodduuccttiioonn ooff GGrreeeenn BBiiooffuueell ffrroomm CCaattaallyyttiicc CCrraacckkiinngg ooff TTrriioolleeiinn oovveerr

NNiicckkeell SSuuppppoorrtteedd oonn HHeexxaaggoonnaall MMeessooppoorroouuss SSiilliiccaa

Zulkepli S. 1*, Juan J.C. 1, Oi L.E. 1, Lee H.V.1, Rahman N.A.1, Mijan N.A.1, Abidin S.Z.1, Lai C.W.1, Hamid S.B.A.1,Yusop M.R.2

1 Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur Malaysia

2 School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, National University of Malaysia,43600 Bangi, Selangor

Green biofuel production has been rapidly received attention by researchers due to rise of petroleum prices, government regulations, the global warming and consequently contributing to greenhouse gas reduction, decreased dependence on fossil fuels1. Currently, much attention focuses on technology by using deoxygenation of vegetable oils to produce biofuel2. A series of nickel supported on hexagonal mesoporous silica (HMS)2 with different ratio were successfully synthesized at ambient temperature via a neutral templating pathway using dodecylamine (DDA) as a surface directing agent. The Ni supported on HMS (Ni-HMS) catalysts were used as solid catalyst for converting triolein into liquid fuel at 350°C under solvent-free condition. The catalysts were prepared by using an impregnation method. The prepared Ni-HMS was characterized by XRD, BET and XRF techniques. It is found that the pore structure and the surface area play an important role in the enhancing the catalytic performance. The selectivity of the products ranging from heavy and light hydrocarbon fraction was influenced by the amount of Ni on HMS support. This study has revealed that Ni-HMS catalyst is potential to be used for development of sustainable fuel from non-edible oil as an alternative to fossil fuel.

CO2

R

OH

R

R

O

OH

R

O

R

H2

R

O

H R OH

R CO2/CO

H2

H2 CH4 Methane

R CH3

H2- H2O

R

O

O R

R-COOH


Suraya Zulkepli University of Malaya, Malaysia HPhone: 0194889395 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Renewable Energy Catalysis/Inorganic/Organic Synthesis

2005-2007 Bachelor of Science (Hons.) (Chemistry),National University of

Malaysia (UKM), Malaysia 2008-2013 Master of Science (Organic Synthesis), Faculty of Pharmacy,

University Technology of Mara (UiTM), Malaysia 2014-present PhD Student (Chemistry) at University of Malaya




PO82 CCaauulleerrppaa lleennttiilllliiffeerraa IImmpprroovveess SSppeerrmm QQuuaalliittyy aanndd RReedduucceess LLeeaadd

AAccccuummuullaattiioonn iinn MMiiccee EExxppoosseedd ttoo LLeeaadd NNiittrraattee

Dzulsuhaimi Daud1,2,3*, Ahmad Nazrin Zainal1,3, Muhammad Naqib Nordin1,3, Asmida Ismail3, Alene Tawang4

1Reproductive Biology & Toxicology Research Group and 2Drug Discovery & Health Community of Research, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

3Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia 4Department of Biology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, 35900 Tanjong

Malim, Perak, Malaysia

Although lead is a useful metal in life and is used in modern industries1, lead is one of the most toxic heavy metal and affects every system in human body including reproductive system2. The aims of this study were to determine the capability of Caulerpa lentilliferaaqueous extract to improve sperm quality and to reduce lead accumulation in organs of rats exposed to lead. Sprague Dawley rats (n=24) were randomly assigned to four groups. Group A served as a control and received maintenance diet, Group B received maintenance diet and supplemented with 500 mg.kg-1 of C. lentillifera, Group C received maintenance diet and 20 mg.kg-1 lead nitrate and Group D received maintenance diet, 500 mg.kg-1 C. lentillifera and 20 mg.kg-1 lead nitrate. Rats were fed with the designated diet for five weeks and bodyweight was monitored on weekly basis. Sperm quality was evaluated manually by makler chamber3 and lead accumulation in internal organs was measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometer4. Lead intoxication significantly (p<0.05) reduced bodyweight and sperm quality. C. lentillifera supplementation in healthy rats significantly (p<0.05) increased sperm quality and reduced bodyweight. Meanwhile, C. lentillifera supplementation to lead-exposed rats was able to improve their bodyweight and decrease lead accumulation in rat’s internal organs. In addition, sperm quality in lead-exposed rats improves significantly (p<0.05) following C. lentillifera supplementation. We conclude that C. lentillifera efficiently increased sperm quality in healthy and lead-exposed rats. C. lentillifera also possess a capability as a chelating agent.

1. Sadeghi, A,; Bideskan, A.E.; Alipour, F.; Fazel, A.; Haghir, H. Iranian J. Basic Med. Sci. 2013, 16(2), 157.

2. Thenmozhi, M.; Dhanalakshmi, M.; Devi, K. M.; Sushila, K.; Thenmozhi, S. Asian J. Pharm. Clinical Res. 2013, 6(1), 78.

3. Lu, J. C.; Chen, F.; Xu, H. R.; Huang, Y. F.; Lu, N. Q. Lab. Med. 2007, 38 (4), 232. 4. Bersenyi, A,; Fekete, S. G.; Szocs, Z.; Berta, E. Acta Vet. Hunga. 2003, 51(3), 297.

Mr. Dzulsuhaimi Daud Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia Phone: +603 5543 8433 Fax: +603 5544 xxxx E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Animal Production, Animal Physiology, Natural Products

1996-1999 BSc. in Conservation Biology (Zoology), UKM 2000-2003 MSc in Zoology (Reproductive Biology), UKM 2003-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia



PO83 NNaannooccrryyssttaalllliinnee NNiittrrooggeenn--MMooddiiffeedd TTiittaanniiaa PPhhoottooccaattaallyyssttss AAnndd IIttss

PPhhoottooddeeggrraaddaattiioonn PPrrooppeerrttiieess

Ying Ying Yee1, Yee Khai Ooi2, Pei Wen Koh2, Chee Seng Chew3, Siew Ling Lee2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru.

2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor Bahru, Malaysia

3CSC Screen Process Supplies SDN. BHD., No 14 Jalan Bertam 5,Taman Daya, 81100 Johor Bharu, Johor, Malaysia

TiO2 has been widely used as photocatalyst for various applications including in wastewater treatment and

textile industry. However, it suffers from high electron-hole recombination rate and it is only active under ultraviolet irradiation, making its utilization under solar light is limited. Modification trough transition metal doping appears one of the most promising approaches to overcome the aforementioned problems. Unfortunately, most of the transition metals have been reported to be hazardous towards environment and human body. In this study, therefore, non-metal dopant of nitrogen was chosen instead of transition metal to modify the TiO2. A series of nitrogen-modified titania (xN/TiO2, x = 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5) were synthesized via sol-gel method. The effect of calcination temperature (500, 600 and 700°C) on the physical-chemical properties of the resulted materials was investigated. The photocatalytic activity of the samples was evaluated through photodegradation of Methylene Blue (MB) under UV irradiation. Results demonstrated that the photocatalytic performance of TiO2 enhanced significantly after addition of nitrogen. Amongst, 1N-TiO2-500°C which has the band gap energy of 2.89 eV and surface area of 46.89 m2/g appeared as the best photocatalyst. It photodegraded 68.1% of MB after 5 hour.

Dr. Lee Siew Ling Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +607 5536039 Fax: +607 5536080 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis, Advanced materials, Nanotechnology 1997-2000 Bachelor of Science (Hons) in Chemistry,Universiti Putra Malaysia 2001-2004 PhD in Materials Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia 2004-2007 Post-doctoral fellow at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2007-present Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia



PO84 LLiiqquuiidd CCoorree CCaappssuulleess ffoorr LLaaccttiicc AAcciidd BBaacctteerriiaa FFeerrmmeennttaattiioonn

Boon-Beng Lee *,Nurul Ainina Zulkifli

School of Bioprocess Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Kompleks Pusat Pengajian Jejawi 3, 02600 Arau, Perlis, Malaysia

Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been used for food fermentation due to its fermentative ability to improve

and enhance the quality of the end food products. However, the performance of LAB is affected as the microbial growth is inhibited by its end product, i.e. lactic acid. In this study, a new approach was introduced to reduce the product inhibition effect using encapsulation technology. Spherical liquid core capsules of diameter of 3.5 mm and 3.6 mm were produced using extrusion-dripping method to encapsulate CaCO3. The results showed that the pH of LAB fermentation was well maintained by the capsules at the desired level of above pH 5.5. Furthermore, the lactic acid concentration of LAB fermentation was averagely 11 g/L during the whole period of fermentation with the use of the liquid core capsules. In general, the results of the fermentation conducted using the capsules were better than that of control and comparable with that of free CaCO3 in maintain the pH and lactic acid level during fermentation. In addition, the viable cell concentration of L. casei shirota was high (> 109 cfu/ml) at the end of fermentation when the fermentation was conducted using the capsules. In short, a new approach has been developed to maintain the pH and lactic acid concentration of LAB fermentation at the desired level. The results of this study suggested that the capsules have high potential to be applied for pH and lactic acid level control in LAB fermentation for various productions. Mr. Lee Boon Beng Universiti Malaysia Perlis Phone: +60497978594 Fax: +604 9798755 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Lactic acid fermentation, Encapsulation 2001-2005 B.Eng.(Chemical) Hons. Universiti Malaysia Sabah 2005-2008 M.Eng (Chemical) Hons. Universiti Malaysia Sabah 2008-2010 Process Engineer, Bard Sdn. Bhd., Kulim, Kedah. Malaysia 2010-present Lecturer at Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), Malaysia



PO85 EEvvaalluuaattiioonn ooff pprroocceessss ppaarraammeetteerrss ffoorr ggrraafftt ccooppoollyymmeerriizzaattiioonn ooff ggllyycciiddyyll

mmeetthhaaccrryyllaattee ttoo kkeennaaff ffiibbeerr uussiinngg ddeessiiggnn ooff eexxppeerriimmeenntt mmeetthhoodd..

Nor Azillah Fatimah Othman*1,2, Tuan Amran Tuan Abdullah2, Nor Azwin Shukri1, Sarala Selambakkanu1and Siti Fatahiyah Mohamad1

1 Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Radiation Processing Technology, Bangi, 43000,Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia .

2 Universiti Teknologi Malayia, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

In this study, an experimental test was carried out using design of experiment (DOE) method for graft co-polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) onto kenaf bast fiber (Hibiscus Cannabis L.) under post-irradiation technique via electron beam. The kenaf fiber was treated with sodium chlorite (NaClO2) before grafting. The effect of NaClO2 concentration, GMA concentration, Tween-20 (Tw-20, surfactant) concentration, irradiation dose, reaction time and reaction temperature were investigated by 26 fractional factorial DOE and analyzed using Minitab 16 statistical software. The effect of 6 reaction parameters in the process of grafting GMA to kenaf fiber could be screened using 2-levels fractional factorial design of experiment method. By using this method, most of the possible variations of the reaction conditions and their interactions could be included in a practical number of experiments. Out of 6 parameters, it was found that irradiation dose, GMA concentration, NaClO2 concentration and temperature have influences on the percentage of grafting. The grafted fiber was confirmed using Fourier Transformed Infra-Red Spectroscopy (FTIR) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). These findings can be used to optimize the process parameters of grafting kenaf-GMA copolymers and an essential knowledge for better understanding of the interaction between each process parameters.



PO86 BBiiooaaddssoorrbbeenntt ffrroomm SSuuggaarrccaannee BBaaggggaassee ffoorr RReemmoovvaall ooff HHeeaavvyy MMeettaallss

FFrroomm AAqquueeoouuss SSoolluuttiioonn

Rosliza Mohd Salim1*, Amirah Naqilah Ros Azman2

1Department of Chemistry, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

2Department of Biomedical Science, Kulliyyah of Science, International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM), Kuantan, Pahang, Malaysia

Scientists have been studying the use of abundant supply of agriculture wastes such as rice husk and

sugarcane bagasse as an adsorbent to remove heavy metal ions from the chemical wastes to prevent harm towards the environment and humans. This study investigates the ability of sugarcane bagasse powder (SCBP) as an adsorbent to remove Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn in aqueous solution. Also, sugarcane bagasse is chemically modified (SCBPt) by treating it with sodium hydroxide, NaOH to examine any improvements of heavy metal adsorption in comparison to its untreated form (SCBPu). Batch studies were set up to investigate the effect of adsorbent mass, initial pH, initial concentration and contact time on the percentage of heavy metals removed by SCBP. Basically, SCBPt acts as a better adsorbent than SCBPu. Also, the percentage of heavy metal removal increases with increasing mass for all heavy metals. The optimum removal percentage of metal ions is dependent on the initial pH of metal solution and type of heavy metal (Cu and Pb at pH 3, Cd and Zn at pH 7). Removal percentage of metals is dependent on initial concentration of solution; the lower the concentration, the higher percentage of metal ions removed. The adsorption equilibrium is also dependant on the initial concentration of solution; reactions of SCBP in higher concentrations will reach equilibrium faster. Langmuir and Freundlich model is used to analyze the equilibrium data of Cu and Pb where Cu best fit Langmuir model (R2 = 0.109) and Pb best fits Freundlich model (R2 = 0.873). However, the RL values for both Cu and Pb lies in between 0 and 1, indicating favourable adsorption process for both metal ions based on Langmuir model. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) is performed to study the difference in sugarcane bagasse morphology between SCBPu and SCBPt. In general, this study suggests SCBP is able to act as an adsorbent to remove heavy metals.

1. Bradl, H. Origin, Interaction and Remediation. Elsevier Ltd. 2005. 2. Ahalya, N., Ramachandra, T.V., & Kanamadi, R.D. Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment.

2003. 3. Ishak, S. R. (2012, May 22). Tanaman Tebu Telur Komersial.

Dr. Rosliza Mohd Salim International Islamic University of Malaysia (IIUM) Phone: +6013 9023838 Fax: +609571 6781 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Polymer Chemistry, Catalysis 1999-2002 B.Sci.(Chemistry) National University of Malaysia , Malaysia 2003-2007 PhD (Chemistry) University of Malaya, Malaysia 2010-present Lecturer at International Islamic Universiti of Malaysia (IIUM),



PO87 SSttrruuccttuurree aanndd MMoolleeccuullaarr IInntteerraaccttiioonnss ooff BBlleegg11__22550077,, aann uunncchhaarraacctteerriizzeedd ccooppppeerr--ssccaaffffoollddpprrootteeiinn aanndd ppootteennttiiaall ddrruugg ttaarrggeett,, ooff BBaacciilllluuss lleehheennssiiss GG11

Tan Soo Huei 1, Yahaya M. Normi1, Adam Thean Chor Leow 1, Abu Bakar Salleh 1, Roghayeh Abedi Karjiban1,2, Abdul Munir Abdul Murad 3, Nor Muhammad Mahadi 4 and Mohd Basyaruddin Abdul

Rahman1,2,4

1Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Center, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences,

2Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia 3School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia,

43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia 4Structural and Synthetic Biology Research Centre, Malaysia Genome Institute, Ministry of Science, Technology and

Innovation, Jalan Bangi, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia

Sco proteins are copper-binding scaffold proteins present in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms and are required for the proper assembly of cytochrome c oxidase (COX), a terminal enzyme in the respiratory chain. Sco was suggested to be involved in the delivery of copper ion to COX complex. To date, the only bacterial Sco1 protein which was structurally studied and analyzed at length is from Bacillus subtilis while its eukaryotic counterpart is from yeast, human and plant. Sco proteins have garnered importance in recent years due to their roles in the correct assembly of the copper center (CuA) of COX subunit II (COX II). Due to the physiological relevance of Sco proteins, we embarked on the task of mining for and building the structure of an unidentified and uncharacterized Sco-like protein from the genome of the alkaliphilic B. lehensis G1. As a result, a hypothetical protein termed Bleg1_2507 was discovered. It contains a thioredoxin (Trx) domain and highly-conserved metal-binding ligands represented by Cys69, Cys73 and His159 (Fig. 1), similar to all prokaryotic and eukaryotic Sco proteins. The built 3D structure of Bleg1_2507 showed that it shared the βαβαββ core structure of Trx-like proteins as well as three flanking β-sheets, a 310 –helix at the N-terminus and a hairpin structure unique to Sco proteins. Docking simulations provided an interesting view of Bleg1_2507 in association with its putative COXII redox partner, Bleg1_2337, where the latter can be seen to hold its partner in an embrace, facilitated by hydrophobic and ionic interactions between the proteins (Fig. 2). As COXII is an important member of the electron transport chain for energy production in bacteria and its proper folding is mediated by copper delivered by Sco, Bleg1_2507 can hence be a promising drug target against B. lehensis G1 which has been identified to be a potential superbug (Tan Soo Huei, unpublished results). Fig. 1. (A) Predicted 3D structure of Bleg1_2507 with its copper-binding ligands. (B) Macromolecular interaction of Bleg1_2507 and its redox partner, Bleg1_2337. Dr. Normi Mohd Yahaya Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +603 89471941 Fax: +603 89467510 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Molecular and Structural Biochemistry of small metalloproteins 1997-2001 BSc. (Biotechnology), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia 2002-2005 Ph.D. (Molecular Genetics), Universiti Sains Malaysia, Malaysia

& RIKEN Institute, Saitama, Japan 2006-2007 Senior Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia 2007-2008 Postdoctoral Fellow in Protein NMR, Institut National Polytechnique

de Lorraine, Nancy, France 2009-2010 Senior Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia 2010-current Senior Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia



PO88 PPrroodduucctt DDeevveellooppmmeenntt IInn MMiixxeedd HHeerrbbaall DDrriinnkk OOff GGaahhaarruu AAnndd MMiissaaii

KKuucciinngg

Nor Hayati Muhammad

Product development in Mixed Herbal Drink of Gaharu (Aquilaria malaccensi) and Misai Kucing (Orthosiphon stamineus, Benth) with four formulations were developed. This product is packed into tea sachet with weight of 2g per sachet and prepared according to standard infusion procedure of 250 ml hot water. In this study, sensory evaluation and physicochemical analysis was performed on all formulations. Proximate and antioxidants analysis are also carried out for the best formation from Rankings Test and dry leaves Gaharu. Sample D has been chosen as the best final formation. The final formation product has a pH value of 6 where it is in a safety range of pH to be consumed and the value for color L, a* and b* are 3.11 ± 0.14, - 0:08 ± 0.01 and 0:43 ± 0: 08 respectively. In addition, the final product formulation contains 4.15 ± 0:55% moisture; 0:21 ± 4.34% ash; 0.11 ± 0:0.7% fat; 1:00 ± 10.72 % crude fiber; 14.43 ± 0:45% protein and 49.13% carbohydrate. The total estimated energy content was 117.07 kcal/g. Analysis of phenolic content determination of samples D has recorded 9.43%. From the Consumer Test, 92% of the respondents are like final product, Sampel D while 87% gave positive response in purchasing final product if marketed in future.



PO89 DDrroopplleett MMiiccrroofflluuiiddiiccss FFoorr PPoosstt--CCoolluummnn RReeaaccttiioonnss iinn CCaappiillllaarryy

EElleeccttrroopphhoorreessiiss

Aemi S. Abdul Keyon1,4*, Rosanne Guijt2, Christopher Bolch3, Michael C. Breadmore1

1Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, School of Physical Sciences, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-75, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

2Pharmacy School of Medicine,Australian Centre for Research on Separation Science, University of Tasmania, GPO Box 252-26, Hobart, Tasmania 7001, Australia

3National Centre for Marine Conservation and Resource Sustainability, Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, 7250, Launceston, Tasmania, Australia

4Dept. of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, UniversitiTeknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia

A post-column reaction system based on droplet microfluidics was developed for capillary electrophoresis (CE). Analytes were separated using capillary zone electrophoresis (CZE) and electrophoretically transferred into droplets. The use of a micro cross for positioning a salt bridge-electrode opposite the separation capillary outlet is the key element for maintaining the electrical connection during electrophoretic separation. As the first of its kind, positioning the droplets in the electric field eliminated the need for electroosmotic flow (EOF) or hydrodynamic flow for droplet compartmentalization. Depending on the total flow rate of both aqueous and oil phases, droplets of water-in-oil could be formed having frequencies between 0.7 and 3.7 Hz with a size of approximately 14 nL per droplet. Compartmentalized in the droplets, analytes reacted with reagents already present in the droplets to facilitate detection. The periodate oxidation of paralytic shellfish toxins (PSTs) was demonstrated, overcoming the limitation of pre-column oxidation, which results in multiple and sometimes identical oxidation products formed from the different PSTs. Compartmentalization allows the oxidation products for each peak to be contained and to contribute to a single fluorescence signal, preserving the selectivity of CZE separation while gaining the sensitivity of fluorescence detection.

Reference: 1. Aemi S. Abdul Keyon et al. (2014), Anal. Chem., Article in press, DOI: 10.1021/ac5033963

Dr. Aemi Syazwani Abdul Keyon Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Johor Bahru (UTM JB) Phone: +61 2 5973261, +6075534471 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Analytical Chemistry, Separation Science, Microfluidics

2005-2008 B.Sc.(Industrial Chemistry) UTM JB 2008-2010 M.Sc.(Chemistry) UTM JB, with 3 months research attachment at Toyohashi University of Technology, Japan 2011-2014 PhD (Physical Science) University of Tasmania, Australia 2008-present Tutor at UTM JB



PO90 PPrree--IIrrrraaddiiaattiioonn iinndduucceedd ggrraaffttiinngg ccooppoollyymmeerriizzaattiioonn ooff ggllyycciiddyyll

mmeetthhaaccrryyllaattee oonnttoo ddeelliiggnniiffiieedd bbaannaannaa ffiibbeerrss

Selambakkannu, S*1., Othman, N.A.F1., Mohamad, F1. Bakar, K.A1. and Saidi, H2.

1 Malaysian Nuclear Agency, Radiation Processing Technology, Bangi, 43000,Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia . 2Chancellery Office, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Semarak, 54100, Kuala Lumpur, Selangor, Malaysia.

Pre-irradiation grafting technique was employed in order to formulate the glycidyl methacrylate grafted

banana fibers (gma-g-bf). Banana fibers were suitable to be used as trunk polymer in this study only after subjected to pre-treatment with 0.8% sodium chlorite solution at 700C for 6 hours. At this parameter, lignin was removed partially and intact of natural fiber form induced it to be the most appropriate option for radiation grafting process. Prior to grafting process in GMA/water emulsion system, the delignified fibers were irradiated with electron beam. The grafting yield was experimented as the function of absorbed dose, reaction time, course temperature and concentration of monomer. Grafting yield falls to have linear relationship with absorbed dose, reaction time and monomer concentration with the delignified fibers. Graft copolymer formation was verified with SEM, TGA and FTIR analysis. Observation from XRD structural analysis reveals that, crystallinity degree of graft copolymers decreases as the grafting yield increases. The gma-g-bf was integrated with ethylenediame (eda) via modification process. The present of eda on gma-g-bf by aperture of epoxy ring was confirmed with elemental analysis. The amine density obtained was 3.00mg/g-ab.



PO91 AA bbrriieeff ssttuuddyy:: PPootteennttiiaall tthheerrmmaallllyy ttrriiggggeerreedd ccoollllooiiddoossoommee ggeell

ffoorrmmaattiioonn ooff mmiixxeedd hhoollllooww ccoollllooiiddoossoommeess PPCCLL//PPMMAA ssyysstteemm aatt 3377˚̊CC

Nur Nabilah Shahidan1,2

1Faculty of Earth Science, University Malaysia Kelantan, Kelantan, Malaysia 2School of Materials, University of Manchester, United Kingdom

Colloidal cell delivery systemusing thermo-responsive polymer is one of the delivery system studied to

deliver cellto enhance the methods of delivering cells into the body due to current crude method1 of direct injection of cell suspensions into the body. The advantage of hollow particles is to protect active loadings4 (for example: cell) from environment. Previously, we have showed the ability of solid polycaprolactone (PCL) miscrospheres and thermally-responsive(poly(2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl methacrylate), PMeO2MA) graft polymer to form particle gel at 37°C2. The morphology shows highly porous particle gel at 37°C 2. In this brief study, we show the gelling ability of mixed system consisted of PCL hollow colloidosomes and thermo-responsive copolymer at 37°C.The mixed system and hollow particle used in this investigation was established earlier2,3. A representative system (PCL(0.20)/PMA(0.044)) was chosen to carry out the investigation using filtered PCL10/PVA colloidosomes and being compared to the previous work using solid PCL microspheres. Reference: [1] Wang et al., Advanced Materials, 21, 1809, 2009 [2] Shahidan, N. et al.,J. Colloid Interface Sci. 2013, 396, 187. [3] Shahidan, N. et al., Langmuir 2013, 29, 13676−13685 [4]Yow, H. N.; Routh, A. F.,.Soft Matter 2006,2 (11), 940.



PO92 SSyynntthheessiiss OOff AAmmiinnee--TTyyppee AAddssoorrbbeenntt WWiitthh EEmmuullssiioonn GGrraafftt

PPoollyymmeerriizzaattiioonn FFoorr SSccaannddiiuumm RReemmoovvaall

Siti Fatahiyah Ma, S. Saiki b, N. Sekob

aRadiation Processing Technology Division, Malaysia Nuclear Agency,

43000 Bangi, Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia bQuantum Beam Science Directorate, Japan Atomic Energy Agency,1233 Watanuki, Takasaki,

Gunma 370-1292, Japan

Scandium is one of the valuable rare earthmetals which can be found in some industrial wastewaters. Several adsorbentshave been developed for removingScandium from aqueous solution. In this study 2% Glycidyl methacrylate (GMA)emulsified by 0.05% surfactant of Tween-20(Tw-20) was used for the syntheses ofScandium ion adsorbent. Using these concentrations more than 100% degree ofgrafting (Dg) in about 30 minutes after 20 kGy dose of pre-irradiation was achieved. This Dg is the same as commercially available adsorbent. Four kinds of amine adsorbents were synthesized by reacting diethylenetriamine(DETA),triethylenetetramine (TETA), Ethylenediamine (EDA) andTrimethylamine hydrochloride (TMA) with the epoxy group of GMA-grafted nonwoven cotton fabrics (NCF). The introduction ofamine functionalities into GMA-grafted NCF enhanced the metal-binding significantly. Batch absorption tests using Scandium standard solution show, these amine-basedadsorbents can absorb 99% of Scandium in pH range 4 -8



PO93 MMeettaall--pprroommootteedd MMeessooppoorroouuss ZZSSMM55 ffoorr CCOO MMeetthhaannaattiioonn ttoo PPrroodduuccee

SSyynntthheettiicc NNaattuurraall GGaass ((SSNNGG))

Teh Lee Peng1, Sugeng Triwahyono1, 2,*, Aishah Abdul Jalil3, 4, Rino R. Mukti5


2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

3Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 4Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310

UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 5Division of Inorganic and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi

Bandung, Jl Ganesha No 10, Bandung 40132, Indonesia.

In recent years, enormous emissions of carbon oxide (CO and CO2) by combustion of fossil and fuel have contributed to the increase in global temperatures and climate changes due to the ‘greenhouse effect’ [1]. In order to solve this problem, production of synthetic natural gas (SNG) from synthetic gas (CO and H2) via methanation process is one of the essential alternatives [2]. Therefore, developing an efficient catalyst formethanation reaction is indispensable. Mesoporous zeolites have been reported to have superiorcatalytic performance with respect to their conventional (purely microporous) zeolites due to the combination features of intrinsic microporosity with an auxiliary mesopore network of inter- or intracrystalline nature [3, 4]. In this study, mesoporous ZSM5 (mZSM5) and a series of metal-promoted mZSM5 for CO methanation were prepared by dual templating and impregnation methods, respectively. The physical properties of the catalysts were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), nitrogen physisorption and Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM). The catalytic CO methanation was performed on metal-promoted mZSM5 at 423-723 K under atmospheric pressure in the presence of H2. The result showed that the catalytic performance of CO methanation followed the order: Rh/mZSM5 >Co/mZSM5 > Pd/mZSM5 > Zn/mZSM5 at 723 K. The highest activity was observed on Rh/mZSM5 with conversion and selectivity of 94.7% and 86.6%, respectively. This study showed that the addition of metal on mZSM5 can significantly improve the catalytic activity on CO methanation.

Figure 1 FESEM images of (a) mZSM5 and (b) Rh/mZSM5 1. Jia, C.; Gao, J.; Li, J.; Gu, F; Xu, G.; Zhong, Z.; Su, F. Catal. Sci. Technol. 2013, 3, 490. 2. Guo, C.;Wu, Y.;Qin, H.; Zhang, J.Fuel. Process. Technol. 2014, 124, 61. 3. Verboekend, D.; Pérez-Ramírez,J. Catal. Sci. Technol., 2011, 1, 879. 4.Serrano, D. P.; Aguado, J.; Escola, J. M. Catalysis, 2011, 23, 253. Ms. Teh Lee Peng Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +0165108625 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Catalysis

2009-2012 B.Sc.(Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2012-present PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia

10µm

a

10µm

b



PO94 SSyynntthheessiiss GGaass PPrroodduuccttiioonn ffrroomm CCOO22rreeffoorrmmiinngg ooff CCHH44 oovveerr NNii//MMSSNN

Sidik, S.M.1, Triwahyono, S.2,*, Jalil, A.A.1,3

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

3Institute of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, University Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Catalytic reforming of CH4 with CO2 has recently attracted considerable attention due to simultaneous utilization and reduction of two types of greenhouse gases, CO2 and CH4 [1]. Catalysts for the CO2 reforming of CH4had been extensively investigated. Nevertheless, the commercialization of CO2 reforming of CH4 has not been established yet due to the lack of an effective and stable catalyst. Ni-based catalysts are desirable due to their relative economic feasibility and availability [2]. However, Ni-based catalysts usually deactivated because of metal sintering and/or carbon deposition [3]. To improve its catalytic performance, the highly dispersed supported Ni-based catalysts have been investigated as they may provide efficient CH4 and CO2 conversion [4]. To date, Ni supported on mesoporous silica has been investigated for heterogeneous catalysis due to its high surface area and its ability to facilitate high metal dispersion [5]. In this work, a series of Ni incorporated mesostructured silica nanoparticles (MSN) were prepared by physical mixing method. Electrolyzed nickel oxide was used as the Ni precursor. The structural properties of Ni/MSN catalysts were characterized by X-Ray diffraction (XRD) and N2 physisorption. The catalytic properties of the catalysts were studied for the reforming of CH4 with CO2. The 10Ni/MSN catalyst showed the highest CH4 and CO2 conversion with 63.4% and 87.2 %, respectively. The results indicated that the presence a suitable amount of Ni in MSN was beneficial to achieve high catalytic activity. This behavior is closely related with both amount of active centers on the pore wall surface and the stabilized dispersion of the active sites by silica matrix. Thus, the Ni/MSN catalyst prepared by electrochemical method and physical mixing synthesis has a potential to be utilized in CO2 reforming of CH4.

0

20

40

60

80

100

Con

vers

ion

[%]

C…C…

CH4

CO2

Scheme 1 Proposed reaction route of CO2 reforming of CH4 over Ni/MSN

1. Lotina, A.S.; Daza, L. Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 2014, 474, 107. 2. Ibrahim, A.A.; Fakeeha, A.H.; Al-Fatesh, A.S. Int. J. Hydrogen Energ. 2014, 39, 1680. 3. Alipour, Z.; Rezaei, M.; Meshkani, F. Fuel 2014, 129, 197. 4. Wang, N.; Yu, X.; Wang, Y.; Chu, W.; Lu, M. Catal. Today 2013, 212, 98. 5. Aziz, M.A.A.; Jalil, A.A.; Triwahyono, S.; Mukhti, R.R.; Taufiq-Yap, Y.H.; Sazegar, M.R. Appl.

Catal.B-Environ. 2014, 147, 359.

Mrs. Siti Munirah binti Sidik Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Phone: +61 3 7068003 , E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Solid Base Catalyst, Catalyst, Inorganic Chemistry 2007-2010 B.Eng.(Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia 2010-2012 M.Eng (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia 2012-present PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia



PO95 SSyynntthheessiiss,, CChhaarraacctteerriizzaattiioonn aanndd DDNNAA BBiinnddiinngg AAccttiivviittyy ooff aa PPootteennttiiaall

DDNNAA IInntteerrccaallaattoorr

Yaakob Abd Razak1, Haslina Ahmad1, 2

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

2Enzyme and Microbial Technology Research Centre (EMTech), University Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia

A novel complex, [Ru(dppz)2(p-MOPIP)]2+ (dppz=dipyrido-[3,2-a:2’,3’-c]phenazine), p-MOPIP=2-(4-

methoxyphenyl)imidazo[4,5-f][1,10]phenanthroline) has been synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR spectroscopy, Mass spectrometry, and FT-IR analysis as well as UV-visible spectra. The complex combining two dppz ligands as ancillary ligands are rare. The DNA binding properties of the complex with Calf-Thymus(CT) DNA was investigated by UV-Vis and Flourescence spectroscopy. The intercalative ligands with more extended aromatic area, better conjugate effect and presence of electron withdrawing substituted groups are beneficial to the DNA intercalation and enzymatic inhibition of their polypyridyl Ru(II) complexes. The metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) band was observed at 470 nm while the intraligand(IL) transition band at 280 nm in electronic spectra. Due to the potential of p-MOPIP ligand to intercalate, it give a high value of intrinsic binding constant, Kb. Interestingly, the complex also show the ‘light switch’ effect due to the present of dppz ligands. The results suggest that the complex, [Ru(dppz)2(p-MOPIP)]2+ binds to DNA via intercalative mode.The calculated results can reasonably explain the obtained experimental trends in the DNA-binding affinities and binding constant of this complexes. This trends were also carefully discussed.

Fig 1:Ru(dppz)2(p-MOPIP)]2+(left) and DNA (right). Dr. Haslina Ahmad Universiti Putra Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +603 8946 7486 Fax: +603 8943 5380 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Coordination complexes, DNA binding, antitumor complex, biosensor, supramolecular complexes and computational chemistry in biocatalysis 2002-2005 BSc. (Hons.) Chemistry, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia 2006-2009 Ph.D (Chemistry) University of Sheffield, United Kingdom 2009-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia 2013-2014 Postdoctoral at Kyoto University, Japan

2+



PO96 OOppttiimmiizzaattiioonn ooff LLaaccttiicc AAcciidd BBaacctteerriiaa PPrroodduuccttiioonn iinn LLiiqquuiidd SSoouurrddoouugghh

Bibi Marliana Baba*, Wan Aida Wan Mustapha

School of Chemical Sciences and Food Technology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Selangor, Malaysia

The study aims to identify the dominant species of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) present qualitatively and

quantitatively in the liquid sour dough produced via spontaneous fermentation. Other than that, some optimized parameters that were involved in the fermentation of liquid sour dough were also determined. The fermentation of liquid sour dough is done with varies dough consistency, time and temperature of the fermentation process. Ratios of dough consistency involved for both types of flour (low protein and high protein wheat flour) in the study were 1:1 and 1:2 (wheat flour : sterile water). In addition, the fermentation process was done using the temperature of 25 °C, 35 °C and 45 °C for 24, 48 and 72 hours. The enumeration, isolation and detection of the LAB were done conventionally using the MRS agar and broth, followed with the biochemical tests for the purpose of confirmatory analysis. Based on the proximate analysis, both low and high protein wheat flour had showed significant differences on their protein contents, which were 10.22% and 14.41% (dry-based matter) respectively. Water activity of low and high protein wheat flours (dry-matter) also showed significant difference among the types of flour and the dough consistency. Analysis of microbiology identified Lactobacillus plantarum as the dominant species of lactobacilli, possessing facultative, heterofermentative strains. All lactobacillus species isolates were identified to be Gram-positive, rod-shaped and tested catalase negative. Optimized fermentation parameter of 35 °C for 48 hours showed the highest acidity of the samples which was determined by the total titratable acidity (TTA) and pH measurement. However, acidity level of liquid sour dough sample from high protein wheat flour was the highest due to higher protein content it possessed thus aided in the production of lactic acid.

Ms. Bibi Marliana Baba Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia. Phone: +61 2 9385 xxxx Fax: +61 2 9385 xxxx E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Food Chemistry, Food Microbiology 2010-2014 B(Hons.) (Food Science) UKM, Malaysia 2014-present M(Food Science) UKM, Malaysia



PO97 PPrreesseennccee ooff FFaaeeccaall CCoolliiffoorrmmss aanndd SSeelleecctteedd HHeeaavvyy MMeettaallss iinn IIccee CCuubbeess

ffrroomm FFoooodd OOuuttlleettss iinn TTaammaann UUnniivveerrssiittii,, JJoohhoorr BBaahhrruu,, MMaallaayyssiiaa

Naji A.Mahat*, Zanariah Meor Ahmad


Consumption of iced beverages is common in Malaysia although specific research focusing on its safety

parameters such as presence of faecal coliforms and heavy metal elements remains scarce. A study conducted in Kelantan indicated that faecal coliforms were detected in the majority of the ice cube samples analyzed, largely attributable to improper handling. Hence, it was found pertinent to conduct similar study in other parts of the country such as Johor Bahru for investigating if the similar pattern prevailed. Therefore, this present cross-sectional study which randomly sampled ice cubes from 30 permanent food outlets in Taman Universiti, Johor Bahru for detecting contamination by faecal coliforms and selected heavy metal elements (lead, copper, manganese and zinc) acquires significance. Faecal coliforms were detected in 11 (36.67%) of the samples, ranging between 1 CFU/100 mL to > 50 CFU/100 mL; two of the samples were grossly polluted (>50 CFU/100 mL). Interestingly, while positive detection of lead was observed in 29 of the 30 ice cube samples (mean: 0.511±0.105 ppm; range: 0.489-0.674 ppm), copper, manganese and zinc were not detected. In addition, analysis on commercially bottled mineral water as well as in tap water samples did not detect such contaminations. Therefore, it appears that (1) contamination of faecal coliforms in ice cubes in food outlets in Malaysia may not be sporadic in pattern but rather prevalent and (2) the source of water used for manufacturing the ice cubes that contained significant amount of lead would suggest that (3) it was neither originated from the treated tap water supply nor bottled mineral water or (4) perhaps contaminated during manufacturing process. Further studies exploring the source of water used for manufacturing these ice cubes as well as the handling process among food operators deserve consideration. Keywords: Ice cubes; faecal coliforms; heavy metal elements; Johor Bahru, Malaysia Dr. Naji A. Mahat Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +607-5534138 Fax: +607-5566162 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Forensic Sciences, Biomedical Sciences 1998-2001 B.Biomed.Sc. (Hons) Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 2005-2010 Ph.D (Forensic Biology) Universiti Sains Malaysia 2011-2013 Lecturer at Universiti Sains Malaysia 2013-present Senior Lecturer at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia



PO98 nn--HHeeppttaannee iissoommeerriizzaattiioonn oovveerr mmoollyybbddeennuumm ooxxiiddee ssuuppppoorrtteedd ccaattaallyyssttss

Fatah, N.A.A1, Triwahyono, S.2,*, Jalil, A.A.1,3

1 Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, 2 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science,

3Institute of Hydrogen Energy, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Concern over the negative effects of fuel and oil usage on the environment has caused changes in regulations with severe impacts on gasoline, other jet fuels and lubricating oils. In order to improve the octane quality of a gasoline fraction, the refinery industry uses some high-octane rating components that are paraffinic in nature. The octane index is improved by increasing the degree of iso-alkane branching. Since the highly branched isomers have a relatively low environmental impact, the skeletal isomerization of n-alkane can be a key technology for production of high quality gasoline [1]. However, the practical application of this process has only been confined to short chain alkanes, because the isomerization of long-chain alkanes is usually accompanied by undesirable cracking. Thus, catalysts with a sufficiently good balance of metal and acid functions under suitable reaction conditions are generally needed to suppress cracking in order to achieve high isomerization selectivity for long-chain alkanes [2]. Molybdenum oxide (MoO3) supported catalysts have been extensively studied in recent years due to their possible potential to catalyze the isomerization of linear alkanes [3]. Based on previous study, catalyst support is one of the crucial factors that influence the catalyst acidity [4].

Therefore, in this study, a series of MoO3 catalyst supported by HZSM-5, MCM-41, SiO2and ZrO2was prepared by impregnation method. Their structural property was characterized using nitrogen physisorption analysis and the acidic property was determined by pyridine adsorbed IR spectroscopy. The catalytic property of all catalyst was evaluated over n-heptane isomerization at 623 K. The result showed that MoO3-ZrO2catalyst exhibits the highest catalytic activity with 33.9 % conversion. The result was attributed from the Lewis acid property of the catalyst which was crucial in the n-heptane isomerization. Comparison between all the catalyst acidic property and their catalytic activity is discussed.

[1] T. Ohno, Z. Li, N. Sakai, H. Sakagami, N. Takahashi, T. Matsuda, App. Catal. A-Gen. 389 (2010) 52. [2] Devassy, B. M., Halligudi, S.B., Elangovan, S.P., Ernst, S., Hartmann, M., Lefebvre, F.,J. Mol. Catal.

A. 221.1 (2004): 113-119. [3] H. Al-Kandari, F. Al-Kharafi, A. Katrib, Appl. Catal. A-Gen. 361(2009) 81. [4] F. Regali, L.F. Liotta, A.M. Venezia, M. Boutonnet, S. Järås, App. Catal. A-Gen. 469 (2014) 328. Ms. Nor Aiza Binti Abdul Fatah Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Phone: +61 4 8344804 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Solid Acid Catalyst, Catalyst, Inorganic Chemistry 2007-2010 B.Sc.(Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia 2010-2012 M.Eng (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,Malaysia 2012-present PhD student at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia



PO99 GGeenneerraattiioonn ooff AAccttiivvee PPrroottoonniicc AAcciidd SSiittee FFrroomm CCyycclloohheexxaannee

OOvveerr PPtt//SSOO4422----AAll22OO33CCaattaallyysstt

S. Triwahyono1,2 & A.A. Jalil3,4

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 3Institute of Hydrogen Economy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

4Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia.

Generation of active protonic acid sites for isomerisation of cyclohexane over Pt/SO4

2--Al2O3 catalyst was studied. Pt/SO4

2--Al2O3 was synthesized and calcined at 823K. Characterization was carried out with XRD, BET ammonia-TPD, pyridine-preadsorbed IR spectroscopy, and FTIR. The XRD result showed that the addition of Pt and SO4

2- did not change the phase of γ-Al2O3. The specific surface area of Pt/SO42--Al2O3 was 163 m2/g.

Pyridine-preadsorption study showed that Pt/SO42--Al2O3 consists of protonic acid and Lewis acid sites which

appear at wavenumber of 1455 cm-1 and 1545 cm-1. The ratio of extinction coefficient,ε1455/ε1545 was 2.0. In the absence of hydrogen, isomerization of cyclohexane resulted 3% and 85% of conversion of cyclohexane and selectivity of methyl-cyclopentane, respectively. These results indicated that the isomerisation occurs although in the absence of hydrogen. Generation of protonic acid sites from cyclohexane was observed by pyridine-preadsorbed FTIR, where protonic acid sites were formed and Lewis acid sites were decreased in the heating of Pt/SO4

2--Al2O3 in cyclohexane. This phenomenon indicated that the formation of protonic acid sites induced by cyclohexane is a reversible process. Generation of active site from cyclohexane is widely applicable concept for active sites over Pt/SO4

2--Al2O3. Key Words:Pt/SO4

2--Al2O3, cyclohexane, isomerisation, protonic acid sites, Lewis acid sites. Prof. Dr. Sugeng Triwahyono 1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. 2Ibnu Sina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia. Email : [email protected] http://www.sugengdirect.com



PO100 PPhhoottooccaattaallyyttiicc DDeeggrraaddaattiioonn ooff BBeennzzooiicc AAcciidd uussiinngg TTiittaanniiaa SSuuppppoorrtteedd

oonn AAccttiivvaatteedd CCaarrbboonn ffrroomm PPiinneeaappppllee PPeeeell WWaassttee

Rusmidah Ali1*, Gan Kher Shing1, Nur Afiqah Badli1


Removal of organic pollutants from waste water had become a critical problem faced by the world today due

to impractical conventional methods. Therefore, heterogeneous photocatalysis has become an emerging technology to mineralize organic pollutants with photocatalyst semiconductor materials such as titania (TiO2). In this research, TiO2 modified with pineapple peel waste activated carbon, TiO2/AC was synthesized. Two types of AC were prepared by treating with sulphuric acid (SAC) and phosphoric acid (PAC). The ratios of TiO2/AC (90:10, 10:90, 5:95) and calcination temperatures (500, 600 and 700 °C) were studied. TiO2 was prepared by sol-gel method, followed by addition of modified AC during synthesis. The photocatalytic activity of the prepared photocatalysts was assessed by the photodegradation of benzoic acid (BA) solution using UV-Vis spectrophotometer measured at maximum absorption wavelength (λmax = 227.0 nm) under 365 nm UV light irradiation. The photocatalyst titania-sulphated activated carbon with ratio 90:10 calcined at 500 °C (500 T90-4SAC) gave the highest percentage degradation of BA (74.59%) compared to other single and modified prepared catalysts. The prepared photocatalysts were also characterized by various advanced techniques such as Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, X-ray diffractometer (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometer, sulphate ion testing and field emission scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (FESEM-EDX). It is proven that (500 T90-4SAC) is the most efficient photocatalyst with the presence of anatase phase, optimum surface area (78.97 m2/g) and homogeneously distributed particle with average size of TiO2 (39.94 nm) for photodegradation of benzoic acid. Assoc. Prof. Dr Rusmidah binti Ali Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +60 75534144 Fax: - E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Green Chemistry, Inorganic Chemistry, Photocatalysis.



PO101 SSyynntthheessiiss aanndd PPhhoottoopphhyyssiiccaall SSttuuddiieess ooff EEtthhyynnyyll LLiinnkkeedd PPoorrpphhyyrriinn

AArrrraayyss wwiitthh FFlluuoorreennoonnee AArrmmss

Mohd Bakri Bakar1*, Tan Ke Xin1, Subashani Maniam2, Steven Langford2

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor, Malaysia

2School of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia

Porphyrins with fluorenyl and fluorenone groups are known for their red light emission properties. High

quantum yield of fluorenyl porphyrin moieties had been studied for the energy transfer process, electrochemistry properties and fabrication of red Organic Light Emitting Diodes (OLEDs). The introduction of fluorenone can enhance the energy transfer process into the porphyrin system due to its more effective chromophore. In addition, the use of naphthalene diimide (NDI) can increase the electron push-pull effect and π electron conjugation. In this study, a series of porphyrins with fluorenone arms which coupled with various electron acceptor groups were synthesized. Towards the end, newly reported porphyrin dimers, trimers and porphyrin-NDI systems linked through ethynyl bridge were successfully obtained. These porphyrin compounds were characterized using 1H NMR, 13C NMR IR, UV-VIS and MALDI-TOF to confirm the structural confirmation. Luminescence properties, fluorescence quantum yield and energy flowing process of the targeted compounds were further studied. The porphyrin dimers and trimers with appended fluorenone group proposed higher fluorescence quantum yield than non fluorenone group porphyrin systems while quantum yield of porphyrin-NDI systems were quenched proposing charge electron transferring process was occurred. The observed photophysical properties indicated their useful as materials for photonic devices.

Dr. Mohd Bakri Bakar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6075534131 Fax: +6075534142 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Synthesis, Porphyrin Chemistry 1999-2002 B.Sc. (Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2002-2004 M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2005-2009 Trinity College Dublin Ireland



PO102 TTooxxiiccoollooggyy SSttuuddyy ooff CCaarrbboonn MMoonnooxxiiddee IInnttooxxiiccaattiioonn ffrroomm AAuuttoommoobbiillee

EExxhhaauusstt IInnhhaallaattiioonn

Wan Mohd Ikhtiaruddin1, Umi Kalthom Ahmad1, Mohd Bakri Bakar1*, Rohayu Shahar Adnan2, Mohd Sukri Hassan3

1Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University Teknologi Malaysia, Johor 2Forensic Medicine Department, Hospital Sultan Ismail, Johor

3Forensic Division, Department of Chemistry Malaysia, Petaling Jaya, Selangor 3Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, Nilai, Negeri Sembilan

Inhalation of automobile exhaust gas causes several adverse health effects, especially respiratory and

hematologic disorders, and often leads to death by carbon monoxide (CO) intoxication. This research is aim to study the CO intoxication and the hematological response towards local automobile exhaust gas exposure which has been reported as a common suicide method among Malaysian. In this study, two groups of rabbits were exposed to different concentrations of CO from automobile exhaust at 1013 mbar ambient pressure. Level of haemoglobin was measured using Avoximeter 4000 and full blood count was conducted to investigate the effect of CO on the blood component. The amount of carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) was generally found to increase with an increase of CO concentration. However, the increase of CO concentration was found to lead to a decrease of platelet and hematocrit count, resulting in alteration of blood agglutination. CO was found to not only react with haemoglobin and lowered the concentration of oxyhemoglobin (O2Hb), but it also affected other blood components and caused haemorrhage of both right and left lung of the animal under experiment. Increases of carbon monoxide concentration shorten the survival period of the rabbit under experiment. Extrapolations to human scale have been done to estimate the survival time of human in comparison to the carboxyhemoglobin developed. It was predicted that a healthy person only will died after 17.75 minutes exposed to 0.34% carbon monoxide and 8.51 minutes if exposed to 0.55% carbon monoxide. Dr. Mohd Bakri Bakar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Phone: +6075534131 Fax: +6075534142 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Organic Synthesis, Porphyrin Chemistry 1999-2002 B.Sc. (Industrial Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2002-2004 M.Sc (Chemistry) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia 2005-2009 Trinity College Dublin Ireland



PO103 SSooll--ggeell hhyybbrriidd ppoollyy((ddiimmeetthhyyllssiillooxxaannee))--ppoollyy((vviinnyyll cchhlloorriiddee)) ccooaatteedd ssoolliidd

pphhaassee mmiiccrrooeexxttrraaccttiioonn ffiibbrree ffoorr eexxttrraaccttiioonn aanndd aannaallyyssiiss ooff cchhlloorrppyyrriiffooss

Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim1,2*,Nor Fairol Zukry Ahmad Rasdy1, Norfazilah Mohamad1,

Mohd. Marsin Sanagi2,3

1Separation Science and Technology Group (SepSTec), Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM , Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia,

2Nanotechnology Research Alliance, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 UTM Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia


*E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] (Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim) Tel: +(60)-7-5534002,

+(60)-7-553411, Fax: +(60)-7-5566162

Traditional liquid-liquid extraction of pesticides consumes large volumes of organic solvent which are hazardous to the operator and not environment friendly. Solid phase microextraction (SPME) is a solventless extraction method which is safer to the operator. A sol-gel hybrid fibre coating material, poly(dimethylsiloxane)-poly(vinyl alcohol) (PDMS-PVA) was synthesised in-house and used in headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) of chlorpyrifos.The thickness of the synthesised PDMS-PVA fiber coating was 13.5 µm and it is thermally stable up to 400C. The PDMS-PVA sol-gel hybrid fiber was also stable to two organic solvents tested; acetonitrile and dichloromethane (1 h dipping) and showed no significant change in extraction performance for chlorpyrifos. Extracted chlorpyrifos was analysed using gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). Optimum SPME parameters affecting the PDMS-PVA HS-SPME performance namely extraction time (15 min), extraction temperature (50C), desorption time (5 min), desorption temperature (260C) and stirring rate (120 rpm) were used for extraction. It was found that HS-SPME using PDMS-PVA sol-gel fiber gave significantly better extraction performance of chlorpyrifos compared to commercial 100 µm PDMS fiber. The PDMS-PVA fiber showed excellent operational performances such as temperature stability (up to 380C), coating lifetime (up to 170× use) and organic solvent stability. The PDMS-PVA HS-SPME method showed excellent recovery for chlorpyrifos from tomatoes (98.0% with RSD5.9%) at 0.01 µg/g spiked level (5× lower than maximum residue limit set by European Union).

Keywords: Sol-gel, Solid Phase Microextraction, Organophosphorus Pesticides, Gas Chromatography Prof. Dr. Wan Aini Wan Ibrahim (FMIC) Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +60-75534002; +6-7-5534311 Fax: +6075566162 E-mail: [email protected]; [email protected] Research interests: Separation Sciences, Chiral separation, Green Extraction

Methods, Nanomaterials for separation, Chromatography, 1980-1983 BSc.(Hons) Chemistry, Exeter University, Exeter, England 1985-1986 MSc. Analytical Chemistry & Instrumentation, Loughborough

University of Technology, Loughborough, Leics., England 1990-1994 PhD (Analytical Chemistry), Loughborough University

of Technology, Loughborough, Leics., England



PO104 AAnn eeffffeeccttiivvee AApppprrooaacchh ooff EElleeccttrroossppuunn PPLLCCLL NNaannoossttrruuccttuurreedd FFiibbeerrss

CCoommppoossiittee RReeiinnffoorrcceedd bbyy MMWWCCNNTTss

Fatirah Fadil 1, Molamma P Prabhakaran* 2,3, Nor Aziah Buang * 1,4 and Seeram Ramakrishna2,3

1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Johor, Malaysia 2 Centre for Nanofibers and Nanotechnology, E3-05-14, Nanoscience and Nanotechnology Initiative, Faculty of

Engineering, National University of Singapore, 2 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117576 3 Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore,

9 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117576 4 Ibnusina Institute for Fundamental Science Studies, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, Johor, Malaysia

Carbon nanotubes are known to have excellent mechanical properties, exhibits electrical conductivity and is

used as an ideal reinforcing agent within the polymer matrix. Surface activated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) were used as the carbon filler for the production of composite polymer nanofibers. Composite nanofibrous scaffolds of poly (L-lactide)-co- ε-caprolactone) (PLCL) and MWCNTs were fabricated during this study, using electrospinning technique to produce uniformly sized nanofibrous mesh. MWCNTs helped to reinforce the structural, mechanical and electrical performance of the composite PLCL nanofibrous scaffold even at the lowest MWCNTs loading of 0.1 wt% as revealed throughout this study. Composite nanofibrous scaffolds showed fiber diameter is in the range of 290-390 nm and tensile stress value of 5.82-15.95 MPa, with MWCNTs incorporation ranging from 0.1% to 1.0 wt%. Composite nanofibrous scaffold were surface characterized for their functional groups and electric conductibility by Fourier Transform Infra Red (FTIR) and Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) analysis, respectively. Finally, study on the fiber degradation was performed by immersing composite nanofibrous scaffold in phosphate buffer solution (PBS) incubation medium for 30 days. The SEM result of fiber degradation study confirmed the enhancement of composite PLCL nanofibrous scaffold toughness with minimal structural deformation, thus suitable as a potential scaffold for tissue regeneration applications that involve electrical impulses. Keywords: Carbon nanotubes; electrospinning; composite nanofibrous scaffold; tensile measurement; nanofibers degradation study ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR DR NOR AZIAH BUANG Universiti Teknologi Malaysia Tel: +(6)07-5534123, HP: (6)016-7734278 Fax: +(6)07-5566162 e-mail: [email protected] Research Interest: - Development of New Catalyst Formulation for the Synthesis of Carbon Nanotubes and Nanomaterials - CCVD, electrospinning, nanofibers, Polymer-CNT nanocomposite, nanocomposite catalysts BSc. (Chem.)UKM MSc. (Organometallic Chem.), University of Sussex, UK PhD. (Catalysis), UTM-University of Nottingham, UK Research Alliance: Sustainability Research Alliance Research Group: Green Chemistry (Gchem)



PO105 FFrraaggrraannccee BBaassee NNoottee RReeccoovveerryy iinn PPeerrffuummee uussiinngg GGaass

CChhrroommaattooggrraapphhyy

Tengku Fazarina bt Tengku Ab Ghani1, Hasmerya Maarof1*

1Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia

Perfume is derived from French word “per fumem” meaning through smoke due to its first use for religious

purpose like incense. Meanwhile, fragrance derives from the French word “fragrens” meaning pleasant smell. Thus, perfume or fragrance is a pleasing smell or odour such as that extracted from flowers, or substance prepared synthetically. Fragrance notes can be divided into three basic groups which consist of top note, middle note and base note. Fragrance base note of perfume is important in order to determine the quality of perfume. Six commercial perfumes ranges from the lowest to highest class of concentration were analysed in different time interval of evaporation in order to determine the suitable time for fragrance based note recovery. The perfumes were let to be evaporated in room temperature and airy condition within 30, 40, 50, 60 and 70 minute. By means of gas chromatography flame ionization detector, the prominent peaks for fragrance base note recovery were identified. Results showed most of these peaks existed in minute of 50 and 60 after evaporation.

Keywords: perfume products; fragrance base note; gas chromatography

Dr. Hasmerya Maarof Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +607-5534518 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Chemometrics, Analytical Chemistry, Molecular Modelling 1999-2002 B.Sc.(Industrial Chemistry) UTM, Malaysia 2003-2004 M.Sc (Molecular Modelling) Cardiff University, UK 2005-2009 PhD in Chemistry (Computational Chemistry) Cardiff University, UK 2003-present Senior Lecturer in Chemistry, UTM, Malaysia



PO106 Separation and Quantification of Glycyrrhizin in Glycyrrhiza glabra

Root by Semi-preparative Reversed-phase HPLC-PDA Method

Norazah Basar,*a,b Anupam D. Talukdar,b,c Lutfun Nahar,b Angela Stafford,d Habibjon Kushiev,e Asuman Kan,f and Satyajit D. Sarkerb

aDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia,

81310 Johor Bahru, Johor, Malaysia bMedicinal Chemistry and Natural Products Research Group, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences,

Faculty of Science, Liverpool John Moores University, James Parsons Building, Byrom Street, Liverpool L3 3AF, England, UK

cDepartment of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar 788011, India dADAS UK Ltd., Rosemaund, Preston Wynne, Hereford HR1 3PG, UK

eGulistan State University, Gulistan, Uzbekistan fSelçuk University, Selçuk-Konya, Turkey

Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Fabaceae), commonly known as ‘liquorice’, is one of the most popular ingredients in

several traditional herbal medicinal preparations, and glycyrrhizin is the major glycoside present in this plant. The content of glycyrrhizin may vary among G. glabra samples collected from various geographical origins, which may affect the therapeutic efficacy. Thus, quantification of glycyrrhizin in G. glabra samples is important.

Dried and ground root of G. glabra was Soxhlet-extracted sequentially with n-hexane and methanol (MeOH). The separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin was achieved on a C18 reversed-phase semi-preparative column using a gradient mobile phase, 30-100% solvent B in solvent A in 30 min [solvent A: 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) in water and solvent B: 0.1% v/v of TFA in MeOH], at the flow rate of 3.00 mL/min, UV detection at 254 nm. A simple semi-preparative reversed-phase HPLC-PDA method allowing clear separation and quantification of glycyrrhizin content in nine samples of G. glabra, collected from different geographical origins, has been validated in terms of linearity, selectivity, limits of detection, precision, accuracy and detection. Concentration levels of glycyrrhizin were in between 0.177 to 0.688 % w/w of dry materials.

Dr Norazah Basar Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Malaysia Phone: +6075534345 Fax: +6075566162 E-mail: [email protected] Research interests: Natural Products Chemistry 1996-2000 BSc. (Industrial Chemistry), UTM Johor Bahru 2000-2002 MSc. (Chemistry), UTM Johor Bahru 2005-2009 PhD (Chemistry) UTM Johor Bahru 2010- present Senior lecturer, UTM Johor Bahru



ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Wewould like toacknowledge the followingorganizations for their support inmaking the27thRegionalSymposiumofMalaysiaAnalyticalSciencesasuccess.

1. YBPUANHAJAHNORMALAABDSAMADMPOFPASIRGUDANG,JOHOR2. UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MALAYSIA 3. PERSATUAN SAINS ANALISIS MALAYSIA (ANALIS) 4. DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY, FACULTY OF SCIENCE, UTM 5. AMERICAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY MALAYSIA CHAPTER (ACS) 6. INNO LAB ENGINEERING SDN. BHD. 7. RGS CORPORATION SDN. BHD. 8. FISCHER SCIENTIFIC SDN. BHD. 9. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES (M) SDN. BHD. 10. ORBITING SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY SDN. BHD. 11. LECO INSTRUMENT (M) SDN. BHD. 12. PROGENE LINK SDN. BHD. 13. ATOMIC SOLUTIONS 14. ANALISA RESOURCES (M) SDN. BHD. 15. LAB SCIENCE SOLUTION SDN. BHD. 16. BRUKER (M) SDN. BHD. 17. GAIA SCIENTIFIC SDN. BHD. 18. RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS SDN. BHD.













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