Bionics and human biomechanics applied in intelligent crash tests of cars Xu, T, Yoshino, T, Zhang, S, Wei, G and Liu, Z http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8750413 Title Bionics and human biomechanics applied in intelligent crash tests of cars Authors Xu, T, Yoshino, T, Zhang, S, Wei, G and Liu, Z Type Article URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/50662/ Published Date 2019 USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for non-commercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions. For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, please contact the Repository Team at: [email protected].
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Bionics and human biomechanics applied in intelligent crash tests of cars
Xu, T, Yoshino, T, Zhang, S, Wei, G and Liu, Z
http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/8750413
Title Bionics and human biomechanics applied in intelligent crash tests of cars
Authors Xu, T, Yoshino, T, Zhang, S, Wei, G and Liu, Z
Type Article
URL This version is available at: http://usir.salford.ac.uk/id/eprint/50662/
Published Date 2019
USIR is a digital collection of the research output of the University of Salford. Where copyright permits, full text material held in the repository is made freely available online and can be read, downloaded and copied for noncommercial private study or research purposes. Please check the manuscript for any further copyright restrictions.
For more information, including our policy and submission procedure, pleasecontact the Repository Team at: [email protected].
EditorialBionics and Human Biomechanics Applied in Intelligent CrashTests of Cars
Tao Xu ,1 Tatsuo Yoshino ,1 Shujun Zhang,2 Guowu Wei,3 and Zhixin Liu 4
1School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun, China2School of Computing and Technology, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham, UK3School of Computing, Science & Engineering, University of Salford, Salford, UK4China Automotive Technology and Research Center (CATARC), Tianjin, China
Improving crash safety of cars has become an important con-tent in the research of automotive safety. The optimumdesign of intelligent crash test technology and devices forautomotive safety has become a hot issue in the field. In orderto test active safety or passive safety by braking or crashtests, intelligent testing devices (also called anthropomor-phic test devices (ATDs) or crash test dummies) need todescribe and simulate the damage mechanism and the tol-erance limit of biological characteristics of the human body,such as dynamics and kinematics response to impact oracceleration. This is essential to protect human beings fromcar accidents.
Along with the increasing exploration of nature, organ-isms with rigid flexible coupling structures are graduallydiscovered, which have excellent performances such asimpact resistance, abrasion resistance, and drag reduction.The combination of bionics and biomechanics constantlybrings about new inspiration and innovation to the field ofengineering and automotive safety. So, this special issuecalled for original research articles on basic biomechanicalresearches of the human body, computer simulation forhuman body modeling and analysis, new development ofintelligent anthropomorphic test devices for measuring theresponse of the human body in certain environments wherean impact or other loadings are applied to the body, andthe application of bionic structures in automobiles toimprove their anticollision performance. The contents can
involve bionics, biomechanics, automobile engineering,human body modeling, impact and contact mechanics, mate-rials science of skin, and high-precision sensor informaticsand mechanical processing technology. The highly integrateddummy design is also subject to various standard calibrationtests, so this special issue is a cross-discipline.
2. Injury Criteria
In crash tests of cars, each part of the occupant could beinjured to varying degrees. Some injury criteria of key partsare shown in Table 1, and the specific meanings of the sym-bols can be found in [1].
3. Description of the Special Issue
This special issue accepted 5 papers out of 10 after carefulreviewing by editors, which leads to an acceptance ratio of50%. The 5 papers focuse on crash dummy improvement,injury characteristics of knee joints, and injury in some spe-cial conditions.
T. Xu et al. review the development and validation ofdummies and human models used in crash tests. Themechanical dummies are introduced according to the col-lision types: frontal impact dummy, side impact dummy,and rear impact dummy. And the human model sectiondetails WSU, HUMOS, THUMS, and GHBMC humanmodels. From the article, we can see the technologicalprogress of the dummies and the human body models.
HindawiApplied Bionics and BiomechanicsVolume 2019, Article ID 8750413, 2 pageshttps://doi.org/10.1155/2019/8750413
Injury criteria and biomechanical tests in early time arealso introduced.
Y. Xiong et al. explore the mechanical response andinjury characteristics of knee joints at different speedsusing impact experiment with cadaveric knee samplesand finite element simulation. The tests are all carriedunder conditions of longitudinal impacts, and the resultsall show that low-speed impact mainly leads to medialinjuries, while high-speed impact leads to both medialand lateral injuries. The study can provide research basisfor the prevention and treatment of longitudinal impactinjuries of knee joints.
S. Wang et al. use finite element models to analyzehow the panel design parameters can affect occupant headinjuries. The paper focuses on the three factors of panelhardness, elastic modulus of the filling and frame, andthe distance from fixed location. The findings indicate thata soft panel with a long fixing distance is beneficial for thehead prevention.
I. L. Cruz-Jaramillo et al. study the head injury crite-rion (HIC) and chest severity index (CSI) with a6-year-old Hybrid III dummy in the low-back booster(LBB) passive safety system. The findings of this studysuggest that using materials, the attachment system ofthe LBB and the belt restraint system properly placed overthe infant trunk are the main factors to reduce the injurycriterion rate.
H. Guo et al. applied a novel biobjective algorithm New-ton Neumann Series Expansion Frisch Algorithm (NNSEFA)to dummy head FE experiment. By optimizing the dummyhead with the algorithm, the improved model has a betteraccuracy in the collision simulation. The application of thebiobjective optimization algorithm provides new ideas foroccupant safety design.
Conflicts of Interest
The Guest Editorial team as a whole declares that anymember of the team does not have any conflict of interestor private agreements with companies.
Acknowledgments
Wewant to thank all the authors and reviewers for their valu-able work to disseminate and curate the content of this spe-cial issue. We hope that this special issue can contribute tothe discussion of the scientific community to focus on some
routes of the research and to enhance some gaps that canbe filled in future works.
Tao XuTatsuo YoshinoShujun ZhangGuoWu WeiZhixin Liu
References
[1] K. U. Schmitt, P. F. Niederer, M. H. Muser, and F. Walz,Trauma Biomechanics: Accidental Injury in Traffic and Sports,Springer, 2009.
