BIONOMIC OF MOSQUITOES

Isna IndrawatiDepartment of Microbiology-Parasitology

MOSQUITOES

2500 different species of mosquitoes throughout the world

All mosquitoes must have water in which to complete their life cycle.

Each species has unique environmental requirements for the maintenance of its life cycle.

The type of water in which the larvae is found can be an aid to the identification of mosquito’s species

show a very distinct preference for the types of sources in which to lay their eggs, such as tree holes, rain water ponds, polluted water

Morphology

possess only one pair of functional wings± about 3–6 mm in length ( 2 mm - 19

mm.)

Morpholgy Anopheles

Life Cycle :

Time needed ( egg- pupae) : 5–7 days, but many species require about 7–14 days.

Life cycle

Genus eggs egg deposit

Anopheles Laid singly, with air sac

on the water surface

Culex Accumulated in floating raft

on the water surface

Aedes Laid singly Slightly above the water line

Mansonia Accumulated in rosette

Under the leaves

Larva

Consist of head, thorax and abdomen

spiracle

Pupaecomma-shaped.mainly, in active

Feeding habits of mosquitoes

The male mosquitoes feed only on plant juices

Only adult females that bite man and animals, so she can develop eggs.

Some female mosquitoes prefer to feed on only one type of animal or they can feed on a variety of animals.

Host specificityAntropophiliczoophilic

Feeding habits:Night biters Day biters

Feeding placeExophagicEndophagic

Resting place:Exophilicendophilic

The length of life

The length of life of the adult mosquito usually depends on : temperature, humidity, sex of the mosquito

males live about a week; and females live about a month depending on the above factors.

The flight habits of mosquitoes

Depend on the genus and species Most domestic species remain fairly

close to their point of origin. Most mosquitoes stay within a mile or two of their source.

The flight range for females is usually longer than that of males.

Wind is a factor which influence in the dispersal or migration of mosquitoes.

Anophelini

Culicini

Anopheles

Aedes

Culex

Mansonia

Coquilettidia

Malaria

Filariasis bancrofti rural type

Filariasis malayi

Filariasis timori

Dengue Haemorrhagic fever

Chikungunya

Yellow fever

Filariasis bancrofti rural type(Ae. Kochi)

Filariasis malayi tipe zoofilik

Filariasis malayi tipe zoofilik

Jap B encephalitis

Filariasis bancrofti

10 Species which are important as Vector of malaria

An.sundaicusAn.subpictusAn.maculatus An.aconitusAn.balabacensis

An.farautiAn.koliensisAn.punctulatusAn.barbirostrisAn.letifer

Distribution of Aedes aegypti