Date post: | 27-Jun-2015 |
Category: |
Technology |
Upload: | vishal-gohel |
View: | 63 times |
Download: | 0 times |
Slide 1 of 23Chapter 20
GOHEL VISHAL H
LECTURER OF COMPUTER DEPTT.
GP BHUJ
MO.9638893297
Working with the BIOS / CMOS
Slide 3 of 23Chapter 20
Objectives
Describe about motherboard BIOS Explain the Preboot Environment Explain BIOS packaging Define CMOS Upgrade the BIOS Describe BIOS Setup Utility Troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep
codes
Slide 4 of 23Chapter 20
Motherboard BIOS - I
BIOS is a collection of programs embedded in one or more chips
Functions of BIOS
POST BIOS Bootstrap LoaderSetup
Slide 5 of 23Chapter 20
Motherboard BIOS - II
POST – Tests computer’s processor, memory, chipset, video, adapter, disk controllers, disk drives, keyboard and other components
Setup – Enables you to configure the motherboard and chipset settings
BIOS - Collection of actual drivers which act as a basic interface between the OS and your hardware
Bootstrap Loader - Job of this program to load the OS from the floppy disk or the hard disk into the computer’s main memory (RAM)
Slide 6 of 23Chapter 20
ROM Shadowing
Accesses to the BIOS code are very slow relative to accesses to code in the system memory
Technique that is used to increase the computer's speed
During this process the contents of a ROM are directly copied to the extended memory.
Extended memory is given the same address as that of the ROM. The original ROM is disabled and the new location is then write protected
Slide 7 of 23Chapter 20
BIOS Manufacturer
AMIAwardPhoenixMR BIOS
Slide 8 of 23Chapter 20
Accessing the BIOS
Phoenix BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Ctrl+Alt+F1 Ctrl+Alt+S Ctrl+Alt+Enter Ctrl+Alt+F11 Ctrl+Alt+Ins
Award BIOS Ctrl+Alt+Esc Esc Del
AMI BIOS Del IBM BIOS F1, F2 or F10 Compaq BIOS F10
Table 20.1 – Keystrokes to Access BIOS
Slide 9 of 23Chapter 20
Preboot Environment & Dual BIOS
Preboot environment is an environment in which various applications can run without requiring the presence of an operating system
Phoenix FirstBIOS have a common preboot environment with a graphical user interface
This enables a user to access the BIOS setup, extended diagnostics, a backup/restore application or a full recovery of the original system contents
On GIGABYTE motherboards with Dual BIOS there are physically two BIOS chips one is called "Primary" BIOS and the other is "Secondary" BIOS
If your "Primary" BIOS fails, the "Secondary" BIOS automatically takes over on your next system boot.
Slide 10 of 23Chapter 20
Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - I Enables you to control and troubleshoot the system and the
different hardware components before loading the operating system
Types of BIOS chips• Rectangular shaped 32-pin Dual In-line Package (DIP)
• Square 28-pin Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier (PLCC)
Slide 11 of 23Chapter 20
Basic Input / Output System (BIOS) - II Runs the power-on self-test (POST) when the system
starts
Receives signals from the hardware
Loads the custom settings from the CMOS that stores the BIOS settings
Displays the settings
Locates the bootable devices and loads the operating system from the bootable device
Slide 12 of 23Chapter 20
Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS)
Memory chip located on the motherboard that stores the BIOS settings
Battery must be replaced when it becomes weak or you may lose the stored BIOS settings
Receives power from the battery that is installed on the motherboard
Clear the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS using the jumpers located on the motherboard or by removing the battery from the motherboard
Slide 13 of 23Chapter 20
Backing up BIOS Settings To backup your BIOS, first you need to know your BIOS
company, which can be AMI, Award or Phoenix. Just pay attention to what appears on your computer screen just after you turn it on; the BIOS manufacturer name will be shortly displayed.
For AMI BIOS, Award or Phoenix BIOS, you can download the software
You need to unzip the downloaded file and copy the uncompressed file to a bootable floppy disk. You need to boot from this floppy, since the BIOS upgrading program does not run under Windows.
Some motherboard manufacturers have their own BIOS upgrade software, usually Windows-based. In this case, you can use the motherboard manufacturer software instead of the AMI, Award or Phoenix software.
Just perform the BIOS upgrade procedure and tell the programming software to write your current BIOS to a file.
Slide 14 of 23Chapter 20
Upgrading the BIOS - I
Two ways forupgrading a
Motherboard BIOS
Replacing Physical BIOS Chip
Performing a Flash Update
Slide 15 of 23Chapter 20
Performing a Flash Update
Download the BIOS software from the Internet. The software will be available in a zip file.
Unzip the file to a folder. Insert a blank floppy in the floppy disk drive. Run the .exe file from the folder. Follow the steps displayed by the wizard to create a
bootable BIOS update floppy disk. Restart the system with the BIOS update floppy disk
in the floppy disk drive and boot the system from floppy. The system will update the BIOS.
Restart the system and enter the BIOS to check if it is updated.
Slide 16 of 23Chapter 20
BIOS Setup Utility
Enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS
Enables you to control the boot sequence Changes the BIOS setting to correct any hardware
problems
Slide 17 of 23Chapter 20
BIOS Main Menu Page
Displays the different BIOS options which can be changed
Slide 18 of 23Chapter 20
Standard CMOS Setup Page Enables you to set the basic settings of the system such as the
date and time, hard disk settings, and diskette drive settings
Slide 19 of 23Chapter 20
Advanced Setup Page Enables you to access the advanced functions of the BIOS such as Boot Devices,
S.M.A.R.T. for Hard Disks, Boot Up Num-Lock, Floppy Drive Swap about the system
Slide 20 of 23Chapter 20
Power Management Setup Page Sets the parameters such as Standby Time Out, Suspend
Time Out, Ring On Power On for the system power management operation
Slide 21 of 23Chapter 20
PCI / Plug and Play Setup Page Enables the system to automatically search for new hardware connected to the
system Automatically search for the drivers to use the device
Slide 22 of 23Chapter 20
Applying Settings
Applying Optimal settings enables to set the default options
Best Performance Settings enables to set BIOS options to make the system perform at best level
Slide 23 of 23Chapter 20
Features Setup Page
Controls the built-in motherboard components
Slide 24 of 23Chapter 20
CPU PnP Setup Page
Enables to change the microprocessor settings, to adjust the speed of the microprocessor
Slide 25 of 23Chapter 20
Hardware Monitor Page
Displays the system hardware details Enables to monitor the system to prevent overheating
Slide 26 of 23Chapter 20
Setting the BIOS Password
Protects the BIOS settings stored in the CMOS Password option from the Advanced Setup page
should be enabled Prompts to enter the password before accessing
the Setup Utility
Slide 27 of 23Chapter 20
Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - I
Number of Beeps Solving Problem
1 Short Beep System OK. If system does not start check that the power and data cables are properly connected
2 / 3 / 4 Short Beeps Check that the RAM and Video Adapter cards are properly connected.
5 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly installed. Check that the microprocessor is properly installed.Replace the microprocessor or the motherboard.
6 Short Beeps Check or replace keyboard.
Slide 28 of 23Chapter 20
Troubleshooting Using AMI BIOS Beep Codes - II
7 Short BeepsCheck the processor and heat sink are properly installed
8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.
9 Short Beeps Check that the BIOS chip is properly connected.Update or Replace the BIOS chip.
10 Short Beeps Replace the battery or CMOS chips.
11 Short Beeps Check the cache settings from BIOS and check that the Cache memory chip is properly connected.Replace the Cache memory chip.
1 Long, 3 Short Beeps Check that the RAM is properly connected.
1 Long, 8 Short Beeps Check that the video card is properly installed.Replace the video card.
Slide 29 of 23Chapter 20
Summary - I
BIOS software enables you to control and troubleshoot the system
Types of BIOS chips include Dual In-line Package and Plastic Leaded Chip Carrier
BIOS run the power-on self-test when the system starts
CMOS stores the BIOS settings Updating the BISO adds additional functions to the
BIOS and it also fixes all the errors and bugs in the BIOS
Slide 30 of 23Chapter 20
Summary - II
BIOS Setup Utility enables you to modify the settings and store them in the CMOS
The BIOS Setup Utility Main menu page displays different BIOS options that you can change
BIOS password used to protect the settings stored in CMOS
You can troubleshoot the system using the BIOS beep codes.