2. INTRODUCTION Safety Institutions policies OSHA (Occupational
Safety & Health Administration) Commitment to risk reduction
Responsibilities of safety officer Safety advisor Procedures
documentation Coordinate with QA department Update policy changes
Internal safety inspections Ensure proper equipment maintenance
Documentation of hazards & safety problems 2
3. Exits and corridors Ventilations Fire Extinguishers Eye Wash
Stations Safety Shower Fire Blanket Hand-washing sink Master
electricity shut off First-aid kit Bio-hazardous waste container
Sharps containers Routine garbage containers Safety cabinets Fume
hood Chemical disposal containers Spill kit MSDS File Laboratory
safety requirements 3
4. 4
5. Personal safety practices Personal Protective
Equipement(PPE) Lab coats Gloves Goggles and Masks Shoes 5
6. Personal safety practices Personal hygiene Hand washing is
the most important method of infection control and prevention
available. 6
7. 7
8. Personal safety practices How to remove contaminated
gloves?? 8
9. Personal safety practices No eating and drinking in working
areas Dont place any other articles near the mouth, eyes or in hair
Cuts, & lesions should be covered with plasters Hair must be
secured back 9
10. Safety practices No Mouth Pipetting Dont touch unfamiliar
materials Use PPE for handling specimens Restricted areas for paper
work Proper disposal for broken glassware & reagent bottles
Dont recap needles 10
11. Safety practices Centrifuges: Dont operate unless the
covers are closed!!! Autoclaves & Heating equipments Good house
keeping STAY ORGANIZED !!! Dont let papers and materials accumulate
Disinfect working areas Clean Drips and Spillage Off Maintain the
Minimum on the Work Surface Maintain Clear Access to Fire
Extinguishers, Safety Showers and Eyewashes 11
14. Definition Biohazards are infectious agents or hazardous
biological materials that present a potential risk to the health of
humans, animals or the environment. BIOHAZARDS SYMBOL 14
15. Biohazard Materials Infectious Organisms (e.g. parasites,
viruses, bacteria and fungi) Biologically active agents (i.e.
toxins, allergens, venoms) Certain types of recombinant DNA (e.g.
all human blood, blood products, body fluids/tissue, cell lines and
tissue cultures). 15
16. Infectious Organisms Routes of Infection: Inhalation
Ingestion Direct inoculation Blood-borne pathogens E.g. (HIV, HBV,
HCV) Amount of blood needed to cause HBV infection 100 million
infectious particles/ 1 ml blood Medical Devices Causing Injury
Disposal syringe was the highest percentage 16
17. Needle stick Safety protocol Encourage bleeding at the site
of injury Wash the site with soap and water & Do not panic.
Seek medical attention. You might need a shot. (Amiri hospital
safety and infectious control department) Take prophylactic
medication (known as post exposure prophylaxis, or PEP) preferably
within an hour if the person you have been exposed to, is HIV
positive and your status is HIV negative Check HIV status of both
yourself and the person whose blood has been transferred Have
follow up testing and medical supervision of your recovery
Retesting for HCV antibodies usually occurs six weeks after the
incident, and again at four to six months. Retesting for HIV
exposure usually occurs at six weeks, three, six, and 12 months to
look for HIV antibodies. Report the incident. 17
18. Specimen Handling Use proper PPE Prevent Leakage Prevent
aerosol formation and spill 18
19. BIOHAZARDS LEVEL: Biohazard Level 1: Bacteria and viruses
including Bacillus subtilis, canine hepatitis, Escherichia coli,
varicella (chicken pox), as well as some cell cultures and
non-infectious bacteria. Biohazard Level 2: Bacteria and viruses
that cause mild disease Or difficult to contact via aerosol in a
lab setting E.g. HAV, HBV, HCV, influenza A, salmonella, mumps,
measles, scrapie, dengue fever, and HIV. Biohazard Level 3:
Organisms that cause severe to fatal disease Vaccines &
treatments exist E.g. Anthrax, West Nile virus, SARS virus,
tuberculosis, typhus, yellow fever, and malaria. Biohazard Level 4:
Organisms that cause severe to fatal disease Vaccines &
treatments not available Dengue hemorrhagic fever, Marburg virus,
Ebola virus, hantaviruses, Lassa fever virus, and other hemorrhagic
diseases. 19
20. BIOSAFETY DEFINITION To work safely with pathogenic
microorganisms and/or potentially infectious material using: proper
laboratory practices and procedures personal protective equipment
(PPE) safety equipment containment and facility design 20
21. SAFETY EQUIPMENT Biological safety cabinets (BSCs) :
Developed for working safely with infectious microorganisms.
Designed to contain biological hazards and to allow products to be
handled in a clean environment. Inward airflow for personal
protection HEPA-filtered exhaust air for environmental protection.
It supply air for product protection (except Class I). Separated
into classes and types: Class I, Class II (Type A1/A2/B1/B2), Class
III (glove box, isolator) Laminar flow clean benches are not
biological safety cabinets . protect the material in the cabinet
but not the worker or the environment. 21
22. Proper Use of BSC Working surfaces must be disinfected
before and after working Lab door must be closed when working with
bio-hazard materials Blower should be turned on at least 10 minutes
before use Drain valve to be closed Wear PPE Do not use Bunsen
burner , it might cause fire or explosion Place contaminated items
in waste container DON'T leave UV light on while working in the
cabinet The cabinet airflow must be adjusted HEPA filters must be
annually certified 22
23. Spill Kit Designed in accordance with CDC and OSHA
recommendations Spill Kit Includes: Disposable protective gown
Disposable latex gloves (one pair) Disposable mask with eye shield
Disposable scoop and scraper to pick up solidified spill
Super-Chlor XL pre-moistened wipe for surfaces and equipment One
Vionex antimicrobial skin wipe for single use Detailed instructions
23
24. Spills For a spill management we need a method to quickly
remember the immediate spill recovery actions. Remember the acronym
SWIM S Stop the spill W Warn others I Isolate the area M Minimize
exposure to radiation and contamination 24
25. Handling Small Spills 1. Use PPE 2. Put paper towels on the
spill to absorb it 3. Dispose the paper towel in biohazard bag 4.
Applying disinfectant 5. Wipe up spill with a disinfectant-soaked
paper towel & clean the surface with a suitable disinfectant 6.
Dispose the paper towel in biohazard bag 25
26. Handling Large Spills Immediate Actions: Access the type of
spill and degree of hazards involved If necessary, activate fire
alarm. This will: Evacuate the area Notify Lab supervisor and
Safety officer Dry spills: (From broken culture plate, no
significant aerosol formation) Not necessary to evacuation the room
Flood area with disinfectant solution Soak up the disinfectant and
contaminated material with an absorbant material Dispose as
infectious waste Liquid spills: If significant aerosols were
formed, evacuate the area and perform immediate actions Centrifuge
spills: Shut off the instrument, use proper PPE Clean and disinfect
as above 26
27. BIOHAZARD WASTES Definition Any waste item that is
contaminated with biological material that is an infectious disease
transmission risk or an environmental release risk Types of
Biohazard waste materials: - Cultures and stocks of infectious
agents - Human pathological wastes - Human blood - Blood products
and body fluids - Contaminated used sharps 27
28. BIOHAZARDOUS WASTES: GUIDELINES Managing laboratory wastes
as biohazards (knowing how to handle the waste item) Transporting
biohazardous wastes (ability to use extra containers if required)
Biohazardous waste treatment (inactivate biological material to
reduce hazards) Autoclave validation and biohazardous waste
procedures (daily and weekly validation tests) 28
30. Policy of infectious waste management - ULC The waste is
segregated at point of origin: (Blood, serum, urine, swabs
collected in Yellow bags with biohazard symbol) Infectious waste
(culture plates/ tubes) are autoclaved Waste from toilets areas
collected in Red bags Sharps: Puncture proof Yellow plastic
containers with biohazard symbol All these wastes taken in covered
vehicles to Minna Abdullah (Shoab) for final disposal(
incineration) Waste management workers of TANZIFCO are instructed
and supervised regularly with respect to safety and transportation
of infectious waste. 30
31. BIOHAZARDOUS WASTES SEPARATION & SEGREGATION Label and
dispose of all bags or containers as hazardous waste. 31
32. Decontamination: Autoclaving Quality control types -
Chemical indicators - Biological indicators Both confirm that a
sterilization process is effective 32
33. Biological Indicator The biological indicator consists of
glass ampoule inside the plastic vial Wear safety glasses and
gloves when removing the biological indicator from the sterilizer
Crushing or excessive handling of the biological indicator before
cooling may cause the glass ampoule to burst 33
34. Test Interpretation of Biological indicators : 34
35. INCIDENT REPORT POLICY: The procedure covers all incidents
that would affect the safety of personnel, equipment testing,
storage of chemicals, blood and blood product. Report the incident
to your supervisor or Safety officer. 1)Accidents &Injuries 2)
Medical follow up records of accidental exposure 35
36. First- Aid Policies First aid kits should be labelled with
white cross on a green background Standard kits often come in
durable plastic boxes, fabric pouches or in wall mounted cabinets.
36
37. Handling Injuries Burns To do: Immediately flush with cold
water until burning sensation is lessened. Cuts Do not touch an
open wound without safety gloves. Pressing directly on minor cuts
will stop bleeding in a few minutes. Apply cold compress to bruises
to reduce swelling. Fainting Provide fresh air and have the person
recline so that their head is lower than the rest of their body The
eyes Flush eyes immediately with plenty of water for at least 15
min If a foreign object is lodged in the eye, do not allow the eye
to be rubbed 37
38. Handling Injuries Poisoning Find out what substance was
responsible for the poisoning and report immediately to supervisor
/safety officer Spills on the skin Flush with large quantities of
water. For acid spills apply baking soda solution. For base spills
apply vinegar or boric acid. Electrical shock Shut off the current
at the source. Remove wire with rubber gloves. Alert immediately.
38
39. Ask for help !!! Emergency 39
40. Immunization Laboratory staffs should be immunized against
Hepatitis B Anti HBs titer should be checked every 5 years.
Evidences of immunization should be recorded in the laboratory.
40
41. References Laboratory biosafety manual WHO www.osha.gov
(Occupational Safety and Health Administration) Laboratory safety
guidance ULC Biosafety manual 41