BIOSURFACTANTSBIOSURFACTANTS

GROUP MEMBERS GROUP MEMBERS ::

Nurul Shafikah Binti Muhammad UK19685

Siti Fasihah Binti Rameli UK21478Fatimah Akmal Binti Yahya UK21497Nornadia Binti Osman UK21568Nornabila Binti Osman UK21571Nor Ella Syakilla Binti Mat Aris UK21597

G 11G 11

surface-active biomolecules that are produced by a variety of microorganisms.

They have the properties of reducing surface tension, stabilising emulsions, promoting foaming and are generally non-toxic and biodegradable.

Low molecular mass molecules with lower surface and interfacial tensions

Major classes: ~~ glycolipids~~ lipopeptides~~ phospholipids

High molecular mass polymer which bind tighly to surfaces

Major class: ~~ polymeric

and particulate surfactants

glycolipids

lipopeptides polymeric

phospholipids

Lipids with a carbohydrate attached.

Made up of carbohydrate in combination with long chain aliphatic acids or hydroxyaliphatic acids.

Among the glycolipids, the best known are rhamnolipids, trehalolipids and sophorolipids.

A lipid that contains one or more phosphate groups

Form major components of microbial membranes

Each molecules consists of a hydrophilic portion and a hydrophobic portion

is a molecule consisting of a lipid attached to a polypeptide chain.

A large number of cyclic lipopetides, including decapeptide antibiotics and lipopeptide antibiotics are produced.

Eg: surfactin

The best studied polymeric biosurfactants

is emulsan.Emulsan: very

effective emulsifying agent for hydrocarbons in water

Environmental factor Carbon substrates

pHTemperatureAgitationOxygen availabilityConcentration of salt (salinity)

Sources of carbon substrates for biosurtactant production :

Diesel and crude oil Water soluble compound such as glucose, sucrose and glycerol

Biodegradability.

Generally low toxicity.

Biocompatibility and digestibility, which allows their application in cosmetics, pharmaceuticals and as functional food additives.

Availability of raw materials. Biosurfactants can be produced from cheap raw materials which are available in large quantities.

Acceptable production economics. Depending on the application, biosurfactants can also be produced from industrial wastes and byproducts.

Use in environmental control. Biosurfactants can be efficiently used in handling industrial emulsions, control of oil spills, biodegradation and detoxification of industrial effluents and in bioremediation of contaminated soil.

Specificity. Biosurfactants being complex organic molecules with specific functional groups, are often specific in their action.

COSMETICS

APPLICATIONS OF APPLICATIONS OF BIOSURFACTANT BIOSURFACTANT

Regarding the mechanisms for preservation of moisture, we expect

1) the structure resembling ceramide will easily penetrate the intercellular spaces in the stratum corneum, and

2) it will be effective in moisture retention and maintenance at the skin intercellular level, as it easily forms liquid crystals .

Furthermore, as the biosurfactant easily forms capsule of nano-meter size (liposome), it is easy to mix with other cosmetic components, which could contribute to stabilization of these components (capsule protection effect), and improves the permeability to the skin (capsule affinity effect).

DETERGENT

One end of the molecule has a long non-polar chain that is attracted to oil, grease, and dirt (the hydrophobic).

Another part of the molecule is attracted to water (the hydrophilic).

The surfactant lines up at the interface.

The hydrophobic end of the molecule gets away from the water and the hydrophilic end stays next to the water.

When dirt or grease is present (hydrophobic in nature) the surfactants surround it until it is dislodged from the boundary.

Notice that the dirt molecules are actually suspended in solution.

Biosurfactants are surface-active substances synthesised by living cells which can reduce surface tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming and are generally non-toxic and biodegradable.

It is used widely in different application.

Muthusamy, K. et. al., Biosurfactants: Properties, commercial production and application: Review articles. Current Science, 2008, 94, 736-745.

Pattanathu, K.S.M. Rahman and Gakpe, E., Production, Characterisation and Application of Biosufactant: A review. Biotechnology, 2008, 7(2), 360-370.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosurfactant