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Biosynthesis of peptide hormones
DNA (gene)
Hormone
Protein secretory pathway
rough endoplasmic reticulum
Protein secretory pathway
Secretory pathway
rough ER
Signal sequences & SRP
Signal sequences & SRP
SRP (signal recognition
particle)
Multiple hormone cleavage products
pro-opiomelanocortin polypeptide (POMC)
ACTH-lipotropin
-MSH -lipotropin-MSH
CLIP -endorphin
-MSH
MET-enk
Steroid hormone synthesis
• tissues involved in steroid hormone synthesis:
testosterone
estradiol
Steroid hormone synthesis
• synthesis occurs in
cholesterol
Biosynthesis of steroids
cholesterol (C27)
Gluco- and mineralo-corticoid synthesis
glucocorticoidglucocorticoid
mineralorticoidmineralorticoid
Androgen & estrogen synthesis
androgenandrogen
estrogensestrogens
Vitamin D synthesis
UV light
liver, kidney
Thyroid hormone synthesis
• thyroid hormone synthesis
• forms of active thyroid hormone:
Thyroid hormone biosynthesis
Biosynthesis of eicosanoids
arachidonic acid
Biosynthesis of eicosanoids
Anti-inflammatory drugs & eisosanoids
thromboxane leukotriene
inflammation response
phospholipase A
arachidonic acid
fatty acids
Hormone delivery
• endocrine:
• paracrine:
• autocrine:
• neuroendocrine:
Plasma transport of hormones
Hormone turnover
• typical half-life
• peptide hormones
• steroid & thyroid hormones