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Biotechnology in Action in Brasil
Maurício Antônio Lopes Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida Machado
Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation - Embrapa
Summary
Constraints to agricultural development
Key drivers of agricultural innovation
Agricultural biotechnologies
Biotechnologies and bioeconomy
Challenges for the future
Constraints in tropical environments
Source : NHQ/NRCS/USDA
Concentration of acidic and nutrient-poor soils in the tropics
Tropical Soils
Acid – 84%Saline – 2%
Shallow – 7%Flooded – 16%
No problem – 9%
Constraints in tropical environments
2/3 OF BIODIVERSITY CONCENTRATED IN THE TROPICS
37% IN TROPICAL AMERICA
A Mega-diverse CountryIt is estimated that Brazil contains greater biodiversity than any other country on Earth.
Barthlott, W., Biedinger, N., Braun, G., Feig, F., Kier, G. & J. Mutke (1999): Terminological and methodological aspects of the mapping and analysis of global biodiversity. In: Acta Botanica Fennica 162: 103-110.
Constraints in tropical Environments
Before 1970 Brazil was not a food secure country.
• Low agricultural production and low yields;
• Production only in the South and Southeast Regions;
• Constant food supply crisis and rural poverty;
• Lack of specific knowledge in tropical agriculture;
• Lack of adequate agricultural development policies;
• Brazil: a coffee and sugar producer.
Tropical Forest
Semi-Arid
Savanna
Challenging Tropical Environments
Despite the constraints…Brazil has developed a science-based, advanced
tropical agriculture
Key Drivers of Agricultural Innovation
Improvents in fertilizer recommendation and acidity control
Quality and certified seeds
Government commitment and public policies;
Landscape suitable for mechanization;
Availability of mineral resources (limestone and nitrogen);
Crop breeding programs;
Biological nitrogen fixation (soybean without mineral N fertilizer)
Farmers’ will for entrepreneurship.
Institutional building and strenghtening
The Brazilian Agricultural Research Corporation47 Embrapa centers dedicated to technology development
State research institutesLarge network of experimental stations
Private sectorBrazil has also an active and growing private sector, which supplies technologies and technical assistance mainly in farm inputs and food processing
Agricultural faculties & technical schools
Federal network of professional education
Key results and impactsBrazil became a relevant export country
Sources: MAPA, Conab and ÚNICA
Açúcar
Celulose
Café
Soja
Algodão
Carne de frango
Milho
Carne bovina
Carne suína
Álcool
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
32%
42%
47%
47%
59%
68%
72%
79%
85%
89%
68%
58%
53%
53%
41%
32%
28%
21%
15%
11%
Consumo Exportações
Alcohol
Corn
Beef
Poultry
Cotton
Soybean
Coffee
Cellulose
Sugar
Beef
Domestic Consumption Export
Pork
Key results and impacts
Evolution of food basket prices in São Paulo, Brazil (1975=100, real prices, Sept.2013)
Data from DIEESE, deflator IGP-DI (FGV), calculations and elaboration by G.B. Martha (2013).
Brazil became food secure in a short time
± 50% decrease
High impact agricultural biotec in Brazil
BIOSAFETY, BIOINFORMATICS, PROTEOMICS, METABOLIC ENGINEERING ETC...
ADVANCED REPRODUCTION
CLONING IN-VITRO FERTILIZATION
Animal BreedingGR Conservation
Germplasm EnhancementBiofactories
MOLECULAR TOOLS
MOLECULAR BREEDING
Molecular Markers/MapsGenetic Resources Charc.
Gene/Trait MappingFunction Characterization
GENOMICSCIENCES
GENOMICS PROTEOMICS
CoffeeEucalyptus
Banana/RiceBovine & Others
Well beyond genetic engineering...
GENETIC ENGINEERING
TRANSGENIC TECHNOLOGY
Biotic Stress ToleranceAbiotic Stress Tolerance
Quality/FunctionalityNew Bioproducts
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilAdvanced animal reproduction
India’s cattle returning to its origin
Source: Globo Rural
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilSecond Generation Ethanol
Commercial production of celullosic ethanol from sugarcane bagasse
Source: http://www.canalbioenergia.com.br/biocombustivel-2g-da-granbio-uma-realidade-brasileira/
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilCommercial approval of biotec products in Brazil
Source: CTNBio (http://www.ctnbio.gov.br/) – 2015 data
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilCommercial approval of biotec products in Brazil
Source: CTNBio (http://www.ctnbio.gov.br/) – 2015 data
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilCommercial approval of biotec products in Brazil
Source: CTNBio (http://www.ctnbio.gov.br/) – 2015 data
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilField test approvals in 2015
Source: CTNBio (http://www.ctnbio.gov.br/) – 2015 data
Biotechnology in Action in Brazil
Bean Golden Mosaic - annual decreases between 90,000 t and 280,000 t yellow-green mosaic of leaves, stunted growth
The first biotech plant developed in the southern hemisphere by a public organization - From the lab bench to the field (Phaseolus vulgaris)
Biotechnology in Action in Brazil
Embrapa’s GMV resistant beans:
• Approved for open field trials in 2011;• Commercial release – 2016 – Central Region of Brazil;• Impacts: less use of pesticides to control the vector Bemisia tabaci and less risky production
Agriculture... Food – Nutrition – Health ...
Agriculture… Environmental and ecosystem services
Agriculture... Biomass – Biomaterials – Green Chemistry...
. Agriculture will be increasingly demanded for multifunctionality . Not only food, fiber or bioenergy production
Agriculture and the Nascent Bioeconomy
Biotechnology and the Nascent Bioeconomy
BIOTECHNOLOGYIN SEVERAL
FIELDS
medicines
genetic improvement
vaccines
biological control
microrganisms in agriculture and
bioenergy production
industrial fermentation
genetic transformationgene editing
cell culturetissue culture
plant and animalcloning
genomics
Biotechnology in Action in Brazil
.Transgenic soybean plants producing cianovirin for HIV treatment.
.The comercial production is under discussion with the private sector.
Biofactories
Biotechnology in Action in Brazil
New incentives for the continued production of biofuel will come from the newly negotiated Paris Agreement. Biotechnology is helping to improve the efficiency of the processes.
Created in 2011, GranBio is a Brazilian Biotechnology company working in the
production of second generation biofuels
Second Generation Ethanol is a reality and it will be 20% cheaper than the conventional ethanol
according to the company. (2014).
Advanced Biofuels
Biotechnology in Action in BrazilDengue Fever, Chikungunya, and Zyca Virus
Bacillus thuringiensis israelensis, a soil bacteria, kills the larvae of A. aegypti controlling the adult population.
Registered in 2004
2005
Biological control of human diseases
Aedes aegypti
Sustainability economic/environmental/social
Low carbon processes - Reducing GHG emissions
Expanding possibilities in many fronts - food/nutrition/health – environmental services
Mimic and enhance natural processes - new industrial processes & products
Less waste and less energy consumption
Adding value to natural processes and biodiversity
More efficient, distributed and equitable value chains
Agriculture will need new tools and processes...
Advanced Technologies are Essential
Communication with society
New agricultural technologies must not be seen as a problem, but as a solution and key component in the
path towards a more sustainable future.
Advanced technologies are essential
Mauricio Antonio Lopes, PhDEmpresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
[email protected]@embrapa.br
www.embrapa.brwww.facebook.com/agrosustentavel
@MauricioLopes@Science4Future
Pedro Luiz Oliveira de Almeida Machado, Dr. nat. techn.Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária
[email protected]@embrapa.br
Thank You!